List of heads of state and government who died in office explained

This is a list of heads of state and government who died in office. In general, hereditary office holders (kings, queens, emperors, emirs, and the like) and holders of offices where the normal term limit is life (popes, presidents for life, etc.) are excluded because, until recently, their death in office was the norm.

Such deaths have most often been from natural causes, but there are also cases of assassination, execution, suicide, accident and even death in battle.

The list is in chronological order. The name is listed first, followed by the year of death, the country, the name of the office the person held at the time of death, the location of the death (where known) and the cause of death.

Prior to 1850

Name	Year	Country	Title	Place of death		Cause of death
	1743			Westminster		Illness^[1]
	1754			Westminster		Illness – skin infection^[2]
	1782			Wimbledon		Illness – influenza^[3]
	1806			Putney		Illness – peptic ulceration^[4]
	1811			Santiago
	1812			Westminster		Assassination – shooting^[5]
	1827			Chiswick		Illness – pneumonia^[6]
	1829			La Plata		Assassination^[7]
	1831			Nafplion		Assassination – shooting and stabbing^[8]
	1832			Madrid	Spain	Illness^[9]
	1832			Paris		Illness – cholera^[10]
	1836			Mexico City		Illness – typhus^[11]
	1840			Asunción		Illness^[12]
	1841			Washington, D.C.		Illness – pneumonia or enteric fever^[13]
	1841			Ingavi		Killed in action^[14]
	1845			Saint-Marc		Illness^[15]
	1845			Kathmandu		Assassination – shooting
	1846			Kathmandu		Assassination^[16]
	1847			Port-au-Prince		Illness or poisoning

1850–1899

Name	Year	Country	Title	Place of death		Cause of death
	1850			Washington, D.C.		Illness – cholera or gastroenteritis^[17]
	1852			Vienna		Stroke^[18]
	1852			Constantinople^[19]
	1855			Bern
	1855			Bern		Stroke^[20]
	1857			Bern
	1858			Constantinople		Myocardial infarction^[21]
	1860			Copenhagen
	1861			Turin		Illness – malaria^[22]
	1861			Bad Ragaz		Illness – kidney disease
	1862			Comayagua		Assassination – shooting^[23]
	1862			Bucharest		Assassination – shooting^[24]
	1862			Asunción		Illness – gout and other diseases
	1864			Maimón		Assassination – shooting^[25]
	1865			Guatemala City		Illness – dysentery^[26]
	1865			Washington, D.C.		Assassination – shooting
	1865			Hertfordshire		Illness – fever^[27]
	1868			Buenos Aires		Illness – cholera^[28]
	1868			Madrid		Illness – lung disease^[29]
	1869			Bern
	1870			Cerro Corá		Killed in action
	1870			Madrid		Assassination^[30]
	1871			Constantinople		Illness – tuberculosis^[31]
	1872			The Hague		Illness – cold^[32]
	1872			Mexico City		Myocardial infarction^[33]
	1872			Lima		Assassination
	1873			Belgrade		Myocardial infarction^[34]
	1874			La Paz		Illness – stomach cancer^[35]
	1874			Heusden
	1875			Quito		Assassination – shooting and stabbing^[36]
	1875			İzmir		Assassination – poisoning
	1877			Villarrica		Assassination – shooting
	1877			Athens		Myocardial infarction and hemiplegia^[37]
	1878			La Guaira		Illness – bronchial disorder^[38]
	1878			Bern		Illness – appendicitis
	1880			Asunción		Stroke
	1881			Elberon		Assassination – shooting and medical ineptitude^[39]
	1882			Alajuela		Illness – tuberculosis
	1885			Atenas
	1885			Chalchuapa		Killed in battle^[40]
	1885			Kathmandu		Assassination
	1885			Bogotá
	1887			Stradella		Illness – gout^[41]
	1888			Bern		Illness and complications following surgery
	1891			Ottawa		Stroke^[42]
	1893		Prime Minister	Wellington		Intestinal disease and complications following surgery
	1893		Member of the Federal Council	Bern		Myocardial infarction
	1893		President of the Ministry	Opatija
	1894			Lima		Illness – appendicitis
	1894		President (also Co-Prince of Andorra)	Lyon		Assassination – stabbing^[43]
	1894			Bogotá		Stroke^[44]
	1894			Berkshire		Myocardial infarction
	1895			Bern		Accident – struck by carriage
	1896			Port-au-Prince		Stroke^[45]
	1896			Monrovia
	1896			Vienna
	1897			Mondragón		Assassination – shooting^[46]
	1897			Montevideo		Assassination – shooting^[47]
	1898			Guatemala City		Assassination – shooting^[48]
	1899		President (also Co-Prince of Andorra)	Paris		Myocardial infarction^[49]
	1899			Moca		Assassination

1900–1949

Name	Year	Country	Title	Place of death		Cause of death
	1901			Valparaíso		Illness – cerebral thrombosis^[50]
	1901			Buffalo	United States	Assassination – shooting
	1901			Constantinople
	1901			La Seu d'Urgell
	1902			Bern		Stroke
	1903		President of the Ministry	Belgrade		Assassination
	1904			Arequipa		Heart attack^[51]
	1905			Athens	Greece	Assassination – stabbing
	1906			Buenos Aires		Illness – pneumonia^[52]
	1906		Prime Minister	At sea		Heart attack^[53]
	1907			Sofia		Assassination – shooting^[54]
	1907			Tehran	Iran	Assassination – shooting^[55]
	1907			Brussels
	1909			Rio de Janeiro		Illness – pneumonia^[56]
	1910
	1910			Cairo	Egypt	Assassination – shooting^[57]
	1910			Bremen		Stroke^[58]
	1910			Santiago		Illness – cold^[59]
	1911			Menton		Stroke
	1911			Kiev		Assassination – shooting^[60]
	1911			Santo Domingo		Assassination – shooting^[61]
	1911			Guayaquil		Heart attack
	1912			Bern		Illness
	1912			Port-au-Prince		Accident – explosion^[62]
	1912			Madrid		Assassination – shooting^[63]
	1913			San Salvador		Assassination – shooting and stabbing^[64]
	1913			Port-au-Prince		Illness – anemia^[65]
	1913			Istanbul		Assassination – shooting^[66]
Carl von In der Maur	1913			Vaduz	Liechtenstein	Stroke
	1914			Buenos Aires		Illness^[67]
	1915			Port-au-Prince		Assassination – beating^[68]
	1915			Luxembourg		Illness – heart and kidney disease
	1916			Beijing	China	Illness – uraemia^[69]
	1916		Minister-President of Cisleithania	Vienna		Assassination – shooting^[70]
	1918			Lisbon		Assassination – shooting^[71]
	1919			Rio de Janeiro		Illness – Spanish flu^[72]
	1919			Moscow		Illness – Spanish flu or typhus^[73]
	1919			Asunción		Cardiac arrest^[74]
	1919			Pretoria	South Africa	Illness – Spanish flu^[75]
	1919			Bern
	1920		Supreme Ruler	Irkutsk		Execution – shooting^[76]
	1920			Tlaxcalantongo		Assassination – shooting^[77]
	1920		Prime Minister	Lisbon		Stroke or apoplexy
	1921			Madrid		Assassination – shooting
	1921			Lisbon		Assassination – shooting
	1921			Tokyo		Assassination – stabbing^[78]
	1922		President of Dáil Éireann	Dublin		Illness – cerebral haemorrhage^[79]
	1922		Chairman of the Provisional Government	Béal na Bláth		Assassination – shooting^[80]
	1922			Warsaw	Poland	Assassination – shooting^[81]
	1923			Niislel Khüree	China
	1923			San Francisco	United States	Heart attack^[82]
	1924			Gorki		Stroke^[83]
	1924			Amapala		Illness – diabetes^[84]
	1925			Berlin		Illness – septic shock^[85]
	1925			Beijing	China	Illness – gall bladder cancer^[86]
	1925			Wellington		Illness – cancer^[87]
	1926			Tokyo		Illness – pneumonia^[88]
	1926			Neskaupstaður
	1926			Antigua Guatemala		Heart attack^[89]
	1927			Riga
	1927			Salisbury		Illness – cerebral haemorrhage
	1928		Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars	Ulaanbaatar		Illness
	1928		Generalissimo of the Military Government	Shenyang	China	Assassination – bombing
	1932			Oslo		Blood clot^[90]
	1932		President (also Co-Prince of Andorra)	Paris	France	Assassination – shooting^[91]
	1932			Tokyo		Assassination – shooting
	1933			Lima		Assassination – shooting^[92]
	1933			Prahova	Romania	Assassination – shooting^[93]
	1934			Vienna	Austria	Assassination – shooting^[94]
	1934			Neudeck	Germany	Illness – lung cancer
	1935			Warsaw	Poland	Illness – liver cancer
	1935			Maracay		Illness – prostate cancer^[95]
	1936			Athens	Greece	Heart attack^[96]
	1936			Munich		Illness – testicular cancer^[97]
Panas Lyubchenko	1937		Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars	Moscow		Suicide – shooting
	1938			Istanbul		Illness – liver cirrhosis
	1939			Cannes		Illness – pneumonia
	1939			Sydney		Heart attack^[98]
	1939			La Paz		Suicide
	1939			Bucharest	Romania	Assassination – shooting
	1939			Quito		Illness – liver infection^[99] or suicide^[100]
	1940			Bern		Stroke
	1940			Barcelona
	1940			Montreal		Head injury following stroke^[101]
	1940			Santo Domingo
	1940			Wellington		Illness – colon cancer^[102]
	1940			Altos		Accident – plane crash^[103]
	1940			Cairo	Egypt	Heart failure^[104]
	1940			Helsinki		Heart attack^[105]
	1941			Athens	Greece	Illness – septicemia or internal haemorrhage^[106]
	1941			Budapest	Hungary	Suicide – shooting^[107]
	1941			Athens	Greece	Suicide – shooting^[108]
	1941		Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars	At sea^[109]
	1941			Santiago		Illness – tuberculosis^[110]
	1942		Interim President	Malabang		Execution – shooting^[111]
	1942			Copenhagen		Illness^[112]
	1943			Damascus		Heart attack^[113]
	1943			Gibraltar		Accident – plane crash^[114]
	1943			Chongqing		Stroke
	1944			Saranac Lake		Illness – tuberculosis
	1944		Chairman of the National Government (at Nanjing)	Nagoya		Complications from gunshot wound^[115]
	1945			Cairo	Egypt	Assassination – shooting
	1945			Warm Springs		Illness – cerebral haemorrhage^[116]
	1945			Giulino		Execution by firing squad^[117]
	1945			Canberra		Heart attack^[118]
	1945			Berlin		Suicide – shooting^[119]
Joseph Goebbels	1945		Chancellor	Berlin		Suicide – shooting
	1946			Santiago		Illness – cancer
	1946			La Paz		Assassination – shooting
	1946			Stockholm		Heart attack^[120]
	1946		President of the Provisional Government			Suicide
	1946			Tallinn		Suicide
	1947			Yangon		Assassination – shooting^[121]
	1947			Montevideo		Illness – prostate cancer
	1948			Clark Air Base		Heart attack
	1948			Karachi		Illness – tuberculosis
	1948			Cairo		Assassination – shooting
	1949			Baku
	1949			Kifissia	Greece	Illness
	1949			Barvikha		Illness – heart and liver disease, abdominal cancer and internal haemorrhages^[122]
	1949			Damascus	Syria	Execution by firing squad
	1949			Damascus	Syria	Execution by firing squad

1950–1999

Name	Year	Country	Title	Place of death		Cause of death
	1950			Sofia		Illness^[123]
	1950	Nicaragua				Complications following stomach cancer surgery
	1950			Caracas		Assassination – shooting and beating
	1950			Valletta
	1950	Austria		Vienna		Stroke
	1951	Thailand				Heart attack
	1951	Portugal		Lisbon		Illness – bronchopneumonia
	1951			Tehran		Assassination – shooting
	1951			Rawalpindi		Assassination – shooting
	1952	Iceland		Reykjavík		Illness – heart disease
	1952			Moscow		Illness – kidney cancer^[124]
	1952			Colombo		Stroke^[125]
	1952	Israel		Rehovot		Illness – respiratory inflammation
	1952	Surinam			Surinam
	1953			Moscow		Illness – cerebral haemorrhage
	1953			Prague		Illness – pneumonia
	1953		Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural	Ulaanbaatar
	1953	Luxembourg				Heart attack
	1954	Brazil		Rio de Janeiro		Suicide – gunshot^[126]
	1955	Panama		Panama City		Assassination – shooting
	1955	Denmark		Stockholm		Heart attack
	1955			Athens		Illness – lung haemorrhage and heart failure
	1956		General Secretary of the United Workers' Party	Moscow		Heart attack^[127]
	1956	Nicaragua		Ancón		Complications from gunshot wound
	1957	Austria		Vienna		Heart attack
	1957	Philippines		Balamban		Accident – plane crash
	1957	Guatemala		Guatemala City		Assassination – shooting^[128]
	1957			Prague		Heart attack^[129]
	1958		President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly	Bucharest		Complications following stomach surgery
	1958			Cape Town		Illness – heart disease
	1958			Paris
	1958	Switzerland		Bern
	1958		Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly	Sofia
	1959	Luxembourg		Zürich
	1959	Central African Republic		Boda		Accident – plane crash^[130]
	1959			Colombo		Assassination – shooting
	1959			Pretoria		Illness – leukemia
	1960	Denmark		Copenhagen		Illness – cancer
	1960	Jordan		Amman		Assassination – bombing
	1960			Berlin		Heart attack
	1960			Addis Ababa		Assassination – shooting
	1961	Australia		Canberra		Illness – pulmonary embolism
	1961	Dominican Republic		Ciudad Trujillo		Assassination – shooting^[131]
	1961	/Holy See		/Holy See		Illness – pneumonia^[132]
	1961			Bujumbura		Assassination – shooting^[133]
	1961			Baku		Illness – cardiovascular disease
	1963	Togo		Lomé		Assassination – shooting
	1963	Israel		Jerusalem		Illness – cancer^[134]
	1963			Saigon		Assassination – shooting
	1963			Dallas		Assassination – shooting
	1963					Illness – heart and liver disease
	1964					Assassination – shooting
	1964		Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly	Sofia
	1964			Freetown		Illness
	1964	India		New Delhi		Stroke
	1964		Chairman of the Council of State	Warsaw		Illness – cancer
	1964			Berlin		Illness – brain haemorrhage
	1964			Šopić		Accident – car crash^[135]
	1965	Burundi		Bujumbura		Assassination – shooting
	1965			Tehran		Complications from gunshot wound
	1965	Uruguay		Punta del Este		Heart attack
	1965	Austria		Vienna		Illness – influenza and liver disease
	1965	Romania	President of the State Council	Bucharest		Illness – lung cancer
	1965		President of the Executive Council	Sarajevo
	1966	India		Tashkent		Disputed, officially ruled to be a heart attack, but suspected to be poisoned
	1966	Nigeria		Lagos		Assassination – shooting
	1966		President	Ubi Island		Execution by firing squad
	1966	Iraq				Accident – plane crash
	1966	Nigeria		Lagelu		Assassination – shooting
	1966	Nicaragua		Managua		Heart attack
	1966	South Africa		Cape Town		Assassination – stabbing^[136]
	1967	Canada		Ottawa		Heart attack
	1967	Jamaica		Montreal		Illness – subarachnoid haemorrhage
	1967	Gabon		Paris		Illness – cancer
	1967	Uruguay		Montevideo		Heart attack
	1967			Cheviot Beach		Disappeared presumed drowning^[137]
	1968	Faroe Islands		Tórshavn
	1969	Israel		Jerusalem		Heart attack
	1969			Arque		Accident – helicopter crash
	1969	India		New Delhi		Heart attack
	1969			Hanoi		Heart attack
	1969	Somalia		Las Anod	/	Assassination – shooting
	1969			London		Accident – crushed^[138]
	1969	Brazil		Rio de Janeiro		Heart attack
	1970	Comoros		Antananarivo		Heart attack
	1970	Iceland		Þingvellir		Accident – fire
	1970	Egypt		Cairo		Heart attack
	1970	Singapore		Singapore		Heart attack
	1971	Haiti		Port-au-Prince		Illness – diabetes and heart disease^[139]
	1971	Liberia		London		Complications following prostate surgery
	1971	Jordan		Cairo		Assassination – shooting
	1972		Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural	Ulaanbaatar		Illness – cancer
	1972	Mauritius		Port Louis
	1973			Hamilton		Assassination – shooting
	1973		Chairman of the State Council	Templin		Illness – heart failure
	1973	Chile		Santiago		Suicide – gunshot^[140]
	1973	Spain		Madrid		Assassination – bombing^[141]
	1974	Austria		Vienna		Illness – stomach cancer
	1974	France	President (also Co-Prince of Andorra)	Paris		Illness – Waldenström's macroglobulinemia^[142]
	1974	Argentina		Buenos Aires		Illness – heart and kidney failure
	1974	New Zealand		Wellington		Illness – heart failure
	1974	Ireland		Dublin		Heart attack
	1975					Assassination – shooting
	1975			Taipei		Heart attack
	1975	Chad		N'Djamena		Assassination – shooting
	1975			Phnom Penh		Execution by firing squad
	1975			Apia
	1975	Bangladesh		Dhaka		Assassination – shooting
	1975	Spain		Madrid		Illness – complications of heart disease, kidney failure and gastric haemorrhage
	1976	China		Beijing		Illness – bladder cancer^[143]
	1976	Malaysia		London		Illness – leukemia
	1976	Nigeria	Head of the Federal Military Government	Lagos		Assassination – shooting
	1976			Inchiri		Killed in action^[144]
	1976	China	Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress	Beijing
	1976	Madagascar		Antsirabe		Accident – helicopter crash
	1976	Barbados		St. Michael		Heart attack
	1976	China	Chairman of the Central Committee	Beijing		Heart attack
Džemal Bijedić	1977		President of the Federal Executive Council	Kreševo		Accident – plane crash
	1977		Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council	Addis Ababa		Assassination – shooting^[145]
	1977	India		New Delhi		Heart attack
Marien Ngouabi	1977		President	Brazzaville		Assassination
Makarios III	1977	Cyprus	President	Nicosia		Heart attack
Ibrahim al-Hamdi	1977		President	Sana'a		Assassination – shooting
Mohammed Daoud Khan	1978		President	Kabul		Assassination – shooting^[146]
Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw	1978		Premier	Basseterre		Illness – prostate cancer
Ahmad al-Ghashmi	1978		President	Sana'a		Assassination – bombing
Salim Rubai Ali	1978		President	Aden		Execution
Francisco Mendes	1978	Guinea-Bissau		Bissau		Accident – car crash
Nico Diederichs	1978	South Africa	President	Cape Town		Heart attack
Jomo Kenyatta	1978	Kenya	President	Mombasa		Heart attack
John Wrathall	1978		President	Harare		Heart attack
Botha Sigcau	1978		President	Umtata		Heart attack
Houari Boumediene	1978	Algeria	President	Algiers		Illness – Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Milo Butler	1979	Bahamas	Governor-General	Nassau		Illness
Jean-Marie Villot	1979	/Holy See	Cardinal Secretary of State	/Holy See		Illness – bronchopneumonia
Mashiur Rahman	1979	Bangladesh	Chief Minister	Dhaka
Paul Southwell	1979		Premier	Castries		Heart attack
Agostinho Neto	1979	Angola	President	Moscow		Illness – cancer and hepatitis
Maphevu Dlamini	1979	Swaziland	Prime Minister	Mbabane
Park Chung Hee	1979		President	Seoul		Assassination – shooting
Hafizullah Amin	1979		General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council and Chairman of the Council of Ministers	Kabul		Assassination – shooting^[147]
Tôn Đức Thắng	1980		President	Hanoi		Illness – respiratory failure
William Tolbert	1980	Liberia	President	Monrovia		Assassination
Josip Broz Tito	1980		Leader of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and President	Ljubljana		Illness – gangrene
J. A. G. S. McCartney	1980	Turks and Caicos Islands	Chief Minister	Vineland		Accident – plane crash
Masayoshi Ōhira	1980	Japan	Prime Minister	Tokyo		Heart attack
Seretse Khama	1980	Botswana	President	Gaborone		Illness – pancreatic cancer
Abdelhamid Sharaf	1980	Jordan	Prime Minister	Amman		Heart attack
Francisco de Sá Carneiro	1980	Portugal	Prime Minister	Loures		Accident – plane crash
Sultan Ibraimov	1980		Chairman of the Council of Ministers	Cholpon-Ata		Assassination – shooting
Eric Williams	1981	Trinidad and Tobago	Prime Minister	Port of Spain
Benjamin Henry Sheares	1981	Singapore	President	Singapore		Illness – lung cancer
Jaime Roldós Aguilera	1981	Ecuador	President			Accident – plane crash
Ziaur Rahman	1981	Bangladesh	President	Chittagong		Assassination – shooting
Omar Torrijos	1981	Panama	Military leader (de facto)	Penonomé		Accident – plane crashed into mountain
Mohammad-Ali Rajai	1981		President	Tehran		Assassination – bombing
Mohammad-Javad Bahonar	1981		Prime Minister	Tehran		Assassination – bombing
Anwar Sadat	1981	Egypt	President and Prime Minister	Cairo		Assassination – shooting
Mehmet Shehu	1981		Chairman of the Council of Ministers	Tirana		Suicide (disputed)
Antonio Guzmán Fernández	1982	Dominican Republic	President	Santo Domingo		Suicide – gunshot
Bachir Gemayel	1982	Lebanon	President-elect	Beirut		Assassination – bombing
Leonid Brezhnev	1982		General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	Zarechye		Heart attack
Willi Ritschard	1983	Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Grenchenberg		Illness – heart failure
Deighton Lisle Ward	1984	Barbados	Governor-General
Yuri Andropov	1984		General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	Moscow		Illness – kidney failure
Ahmed Sékou Touré	1984	Guinea	President	Cleveland		Heart attack
Edward Sokoine	1984		Prime Minister	Morogoro		Accident – car crashed on road
Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin	1984	Egypt	Prime Minister	Cairo		Heart attack
Indira Gandhi	1984	India	Prime Minister	New Delhi		Assassination – shooting
Chan Sy	1984		Chairman of the Council of Ministers	Moscow		Heart attack
Konstantin Chernenko	1985		General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	Moscow		Illness – heart failure, emphysema, and liver cirrhosis
Tom Adams	1985	Barbados	Prime Minister	Saint Michael		Heart attack
Enver Hoxha	1985		First Secretary of the Party of Labour	Tirana		Illness – heart failure and diabetes
Tancredo Neves	1985	Brazil	President-elect	São Paulo		Illness – diverticulitis
Haruo Remeliik	1985	Palau	President	Koror		Assassination – shooting
Forbes Burnham	1985	Guyana	President	Georgetown		Illness – throat infection
Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam	1985	Mauritius	Governor-General	Port Louis
Olof Palme	1986	Sweden	Prime Minister	Stockholm		Assassination – shooting
Lê Duẩn	1986		General Secretary of the Communist Party	Hanoi		Illness
Samora Machel	1986	Mozambique	President	Mbuzini		Accident – plane crashed on ground
Sir Edward Youde	1986		Governor	Beijing		Heart attack
Errol Barrow	1987	Barbados	Prime Minister	Bridgetown
Rashid Karami	1987	Lebanon	Prime Minister	Beirut		Assassination – bombing
Cedric Phatudi	1987		Chief Minister	Lebowakgomo
Thomas Sankara	1987	Burkina Faso	President	Ouagadougou		Assassination – shooting
Seyni Kountché	1987	Niger	President of the Supreme Military Council	Paris		Illness – brain tumour
Chiang Ching-kuo	1988		President	Taipei
Phạm Hùng	1988		Prime Minister	Ho Chi Minh City		Heart attack
Patrick Mphephu	1988		President	Thohoyandou
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq	1988	Pakistan	President	Bahawalpur		Accident – plane crashed on ground
Lazarus Salii	1988	Palau	President	Koror		Suicide
Ruhollah Khomeini	1989		Supreme Leader	Tehran		Heart attack
René Moawad	1989	Lebanon	President	Beirut		Assassination – bombing
Ahmed Abdallah	1989	Comoros	President	Moroni		Assassination – shooting
Herbert Blaize	1989	Grenada	Prime Minister	St George's		Illness – prostate cancer
Ignatius Kilage	1989	Papua New Guinea	Governor-General	Port Moresby
Samuel Doe	1990	Liberia	President	Monrovia		Execution
Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum	1990	United Arab Emirates	Prime Minister	Dubai
Nasirdin Isanov	1991	Tajikistan	Prime Minister	Jalal-Abad–Osh Motorway		Accident – car crashed on road
	1992	Lebanon	Secretary-General of Hezbollah	Nabatieh Governorate		Assassination - airstrike
Artur Mkrtchyan	1992		Chairman of the Supreme Council	Stepanakert	/	Assassination – shooting
Mohamed Boudiaf	1992	Algeria	Chairman of the High Council of State	Annaba		Assassination – shooting
Kaysone Phomvihane	1992		President	Vientiane
Robert Rex	1992	Niue	Premier	Alofi
Turgut Özal	1993	Turkey	President	Ankara		Heart attack (Suspected poisoning)
Ranasinghe Premadasa	1993	Sri Lanka	President	Colombo		Assassination – bombing
Zhiuli Shartava	1993			Sukhumi	/	Assassination – shooting
Melchior Ndadaye	1993	Burundi	President	Bujumbura		Assassination – shooting
Félix Houphouët-Boigny	1993	Cote d'Ivoire	President	Yamoussoukro		Illness – prostate cancer
József Antall	1993	Hungary	Prime Minister	Budapest		Illness – cancer
Penaia Ganilau	1993	Fiji	President	Washington, D.C.
Cyprien Ntaryamira	1994	Burundi	President	Kigali		Assassination – plane shot down^[148]
Juvénal Habyarimana	1994	Rwanda
Agathe Uwilingiyimana	1994		Prime Minister			Assassination – shooting
Kim Il Sung	1994		General Secretary of the Workers' Party and President	Hyangsan		Heart attack^[149]
Hamilton Lavity Stoutt	1995		Chief Minister	Tortola
Yitzhak Rabin	1995	Israel	Prime Minister	Tel Aviv		Assassination – shooting
Nita Barrow	1995	Barbados	Governor-General	Bridgetown
Dzhokhar Dudayev	1996			Chechnya		Assassination – shooting
Mohamed Farrah Aidid	1996	Somalia		Mogadishu		Killed in action
Amata Kabua	1996	Marshall Islands	President	Honolulu		Illness
Cheddi Jagan	1997	Guyana	President	Washington, D.C.		Heart attack
Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai	1997	Afghanistan	Prime Minister	Bamyan		Accident – plane crashed on ground
Sani Abacha	1998	Nigeria	Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council	Abuja		Heart attack
Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim	1998	Comoros	President	Moroni
Jumabek Ibraimov	1999	Kyrgyzstan	Prime Minister	Bishkek		Illness – stomach cancer
Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara	1999	Niger	President	Niamey		Assassination – shooting
Vazgen Sargsyan	1999	Armenia	Prime Minister	Yerevan		Assassination – shooting
Franjo Tuđman	1999	Croatia	President	Zagreb		Illness – cancer

2000–present

Name	Year	Country	Title	Place of death		Cause of death
	2000					Illness
	2000	Dominica		Portsmouth		Officially ruled a heart attack; assassination suggested by some^[150] ^[151]
	2000			Edinburgh		Cerebral haemorrhage
	2000	Tuvalu		Funafuti		Illness
	2001			Kinshasa		Assassination – shooting
	2002			Pretoria		Died during surgery
	2002	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines		Toronto		Parkinson's disease
	2003	Nauru		Washington, D.C.		Illness – complications from diabetes
	2003			Belgrade		Assassination – shooting
	2004			Berkovići		Accident – plane crashed into mountain
	2004	Iraq		Baghdad		Assassination – bombing
	2004	Austria		Vienna		Heart attack
	2004			Paris		Disputed
	2005	Georgia		Tbilisi		Accident – poisoning
	2005	Togo		Tunis		Heart attack
	2006	United Arab Emirates		Gold Coast		Heart attack
	2006			Pristina		Illness – lung cancer
	2006	Turkmenistan		Ashgabat		Heart attack
	2007	Chad		Paris		Heart attack
	2007	Armenia		Yerevan		Heart attack
	2007	Saint Lucia		Castries		Stroke
	2007			Beijing		Illness – leukaemia
	2008	Zambia		Paris		Stroke
	2008	Guinea		Conakry		Illness
	2009	Guinea-Bissau		Bissau		Assassination – shooting
	2009	Gabon		Barcelona		Heart attack
	2010	Poland		Smolensk		Accident – plane crash
	2010	Nigeria		Milan		Illness – pericarditis
	2010	Barbados		Saint Philip		Illness – pancreatic cancer
	2011			Moscow		Complications following surgery
	2011	Libya		Sirte		Assassination – shooting
	2011		General Secretary of the Workers' Party	Pyongyang		Heart attack^[152]
	2012	Guinea-Bissau		Paris		Illness
	2012	Malawi		Lilongwe		Heart attack
	2012	Ghana		Accra		Stroke
	2012	Ethiopia		Brussels		Illness
	2013			Caracas		Illness – colorectal cancer
	2013	Bangladesh		Singapore		Illness – lung problems
	2014	Zambia		London		Illness
	2016			Tindouf		Illness – lung cancer
	2016	Uzbekistan		Omsk		Stroke
	2017	Papua New Guinea		Port Moresby		Illness
	2017	Vanuatu		Port Vila		Heart attack
Alexander Zakharchenko	2018		Head of the Republic and Prime Minister	Donetsk	/	Assassination – bombing
Gennadi Gagulia	2018		Prime Minister	Myussera	/	Accident – car crashed on road
	2018			Hanoi		Illness – viral infection
	2019	Tunisia		Tunis		Illness
	2019	Tonga		Auckland		Illness – pneumonia
	2020	Burundi		Karuzi		Illness – cardiac arrest & suspected COVID-19
	2020			Abidjan		Illness
	2020	Bahrain		Rochester		Illness
	2020			Johannesburg		Illness – COVID-19
	2021			Freiburg im Breisgau		Illness – malaria, cancer & suspected COVID-19
	2021			Dar es Salaam		Illness – heart condition & suspected COVID-19
	2021	Chad		Tibesti		Killed in action^[153]
	2021	Haiti		Port-au-Prince		Assassination – shooting
	2022^[154]	United Arab Emirates		Abu Dhabi	United Arab Emirates	Natural causes
	2024^[155]	Namibia		Windhoek		Illness – unspecified form of cancer
Ebrahim Raisi	2024^[156]		President	Varzaqan		Accident – helicopter crash
Nguyễn Phú Trọng	2024 ^[157] ^[158]		General Secretary of the Communist Party	Hanoi		Illness
	2024		Chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau	Tehran		Assassination - missile strike
	2024	Lebanon	Secretary-General of Hezbollah	Dahieh		Assassination - airstrike
	2024		Chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau	Tel al-Sultan		Killed in action

See also

• List of assassinated and executed heads of state and government
• List of heads of state and government who took their own lives
• List of heads of state and government who died in aviation accidents and incidents
• List of presidents of the United States who died in office
• List of Russian governors who died in office

Notes and References

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2. Web site: Henry Pelham (1694-1754) . . 23 April 2024.
3. Web site: Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham . . 23 April 2024.
4. Book: Hague . William . William Hague . William Pitt the Younger: A Biography . 2005 . Harper Perennial . London . 9780007147205 . 578 . 23 April 2024.
5. Book: Treherne . Philip . The Right Honourable Spencer Perceval . 1909 . T. Fisher Unwin . London . 193–194 . 26 April 2024.
6. Web site: George Canning . . . 23 April 2024.
7. Book: Burdett O'Connor . Francisco . Francisco Burdett O'Connor . Independencia americana: Recuerdos de Francisco Burdett O'Connor, colonel del ejército, libertador de Colombia y general de división de los del Perú y Bolivia . 1915 . Sociedad española de librería . Madrid . 277–278 . 23 April 2024 . es.
8. Book: Brewer . David . The Greek War of Independence: The Struggle for Freedom from Ottoman Oppression . 2011 . Abrams Press . New York . 978-1-59020-691-1 . 348.
9. Book: Comellas . José Luis . José Luis Comellas . Historia general de España y América . XII . 1981 . Ediciones Rialp . Madrid . 9788432121098 . 527 . es.
10. Book: Bourset . Madeleine . Casimir Périer: Un prince financier au temps de romantisme . 1995 . Éditions de la Sorbonne . Paris . 978-2-85944-249-1 . 267–274 . 23 April 2024 . fr.
11. Book: Rivera Cambas . Manuel . Los gobernantes de México . II . 1873 . Imp. de J. M. Aguilar Ortiz . Mexico . 201 . 23 April 2024 . es.
12. Book: Chaves . Julio César . El supremo dictador: Biografía de José Gaspar de Francia . 1958 . Ediciones Nizza . Buenos Aires . 433–436 . 23 April 2024 . es.
13. McHugh . Jane . Mackowiak . Philip A. . Death in the White House: President William Henry Harrison's Atypical Pneumonia . . 23 June 2014 . 59 . 7 . 990–995 . 10.1093/cid/ciu470 . 24962997 . 23 April 2024.
14. Book: Tauro del Pino . Alberto . Alberto Tauro del Pino . Perú: Época Republicana . I . 1973 . Ediciones PEISA . Lima . 163 . Third . es.
15. Book: Dorsainvil . J.-C. . Justin Chrysostome Dorsainvil . Manuel d'histoire d'Haïti . 1934 . Procure des Frères de l'Instruction chrétienne . Port-au-Prince . 245 . 23 April 2024 . fr.
16. Book: Acharya . Madhu Raman . Nepal Concise Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary of Facts and Knowledge About the Kingdom of Nepal . 1986 . Geeta Sharma . Kathmandu . 49 . 4 May 2024.
17. Web site: Remembering Zachary Taylor: Military hero, obscure President . . 24 April 2024 . 24 November 2023.
18. Book: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Bd. 33: Hermann Schulze-G. Semper . 1891 . Duncker & Humblot . Leipzig . 288 . 24 April 2024 . de.
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22. Book: Romeo . Rosario . Rosario Romeo . Vita di Cavour . 1998 . Laterza . Rome . 88-420-7491-8 . it . 525.
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37. Web site: Adamopoulou . Konstantina . Κανάρης Κωνσταντίνος (περ. 1790 – 1877) . Argolikos Archival Library of History and Culture . 25 April 2024 . el . 16 March 2012.
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50. Web site: Federico Errázuriz Echaurren (1850-1901) . Memoria Chilena . . 23 April 2024 . es.
51. Book: Basadre Grohmann . Jorge . Jorge Basadre . Historia de la República del Perú: 1822-1933 . 12 . November 2014 . Producciones Cantabria . Lima . 978-612-306-365-8 . 32–33 . 26 April 2024 . es.
52. Fallecimiento del Presidente de la República Argentina . Boletín Mensual de la Oficina International de las Repúblicas Americanas . March 1906 . XXII . 3 . 599 . 27 April 2024 . es.
53. Book: Brooking . Tom . Richard Seddon: King of God's Own . 2014 . Penguin . Auckland . 9780143569671 . 261.
54. Book: Markov . Georgi . Покушения, насилие и политика в България 1878-1947 . 2003 . Military Publishing House . Sofia . 9789545092398 . 104–116 . bg.
55. Book: Afary . Janet . Janet Afary . The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906-1911: Grassroots Democracy, Social Democracy, and the Origins of Feminism . 1996 . Columbia University Press . New York . 9780231103510 . 112.
56. Book: Ribeiro Viscardi . Cláudia Maria . PENA, Afonso . . 15 . 23 April 2024 . pt.
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58. Book: Castedo . Leopoldo . Resumen de la historia de Chile: 1891-1925 . IV . 1982 . Zig-Zag . Santiago . 9789568402686 . 339 . es.
59. Gumucio . Rafael . Chile entre dos centenarios. Historia de una democracia frustrada . Polis . 27 April 2005 . 10 . 8 . 26 April 2024 . Centro de Investigación Sociedad y Politicas Públicas . es . 0717-6554.
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95. Book: Roa . Raúl . Raúl Roa García . 15 años despues . 1950 . Editorial Librería Selecta . Havana . 290 . 29 April 2024 . es.
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102. Book: Hensley . Gerald . Gerald Hensley . Beyond the Battlefield: New Zealand and Its Allies 1939–45 . 2009 . Viking/Penguin . Auckland . 978-06-700-7404-4 . 74.
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113. Book: Moubayed . Sami . Sami Moubayed . Steel & Silk: Men and Women Who Shaped Syria 1900–2000 . 2006 . Cune Press . Seattle . 1-885942-40-0 . 244 . 5 May 2024.
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116. Book: Daniels . Roger . Franklin D. Roosevelt: The War Years, 1939–1945 . University of Illinois Press . Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield . 978-0-252-03952-2 . 497–498.
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118. Book: Lee . Norman E. . John Curtin: Saviour of Australia . 1983 . Longman Cheshire . Melbourne . 0-582-68860-4 . 161–162 . 6 May 2024.
119. Book: Joachimsthaler . Anton . Anton Joachimsthaler . The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, the Evidence, the Truth . 1999 . Brockhampton Press . London . 1-86019-902-X . 137–191 . 6 May 2024.
120. Book: Milner . Henry . Sweden: Social Democracy in Practice . 1989 . Oxford University Press . Oxford . 978-0198277149 . 67 . 3 May 2024.
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125. Book: de Silva . K. M. . K. M. de Silva . D. S. Senanayake: A Pictorial Biography . 1984 . National Archives . Colombo . XIII.
126. Book: Eakin . Marshall C. . Brazil: The Once and Future Country . 1997 . St. Martin's Press . New York . 0-312-16200-6 . 49 . 14 May 2024.
127. Book: Fitzpatrick . Sheila . Sheila Fitzpatrick . On Stalin's Team: The Years of Living Dangerously in Soviet Politics . 2015 . Princeton University Press . Princeton and Oxford . 9781400874217 . 246 . 14 January 2024.
128. Book: Gilderhus . Mark T. . The Second Century: U.S.–Latin American Relations Since 1889 . 2000 . Scholarly Resources . Wilmington, Delaware . 0-8420-2413-1 . 149 . 15 May 2024.
129. Book: Glaser . Kurt . Czecho-Slovakia: A Critical History . 1961 . Caxton Printers . Caldwell, ID . 178 . 2 May 2024.
130. Book: Walker-Said . Charlotte . Foster . Elizabeth A. . Greenberg . Udi . Decolonization and the Remaking of Christianity . 2023 . University of Pennsylvania Press . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . 978-1-5128-2497-1 . 139 . https://books.google.com/books?id=uSm4EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA139 . 15 May 2024 . Church and State in the Struggle for Human Rights and Economic Dignity in Central Africa at the End of Empire.
131. Book: O'Rourke . Lindsey A. . Covert Regime Change: America's Secret Cold War . 2018 . Cornell University Press . Ithaca and London . 9781501730689 . 207 . 14 May 2024.
132. News: Cardinal Canali Dies in Rome; Aided Five Popes . 15 May 2024 . The Catholic Standard and Times . 46 . Catholic Research Resources Alliance . 4 August 1961.
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135. Book: Pirjevec . Jože . Jože Pirjevec . Tito and His Comrades . 2018 . University of Wisconsin Press . Madison, Wisconsin, and London . 9780299317706 . 326 . 14 May 2024.
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139. Book: Baum . Patricia . Dictators of Latin America . 1972 . G. P. Putnam's Sons . New York . 150 . 16 May 2024.
140. News: Chilean president Salvador Allende committed suicide, autopsy confirms . 17 May 2024 . . 20 July 2011.
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144. Howe . John . Western Sahara: A War Zone . . 1978 . 5 . 11 . 86 . 10.1080/03056247808703352 . 3997967 . 17 May 2024.
145. Book: Colaresi . Michael P. . Scare Tactics: The Politics of International Rivalry . 2005 . Syracuse University Press . Syracuse, New York . 0-8156-3066-2 . 77 . 16 May 2024.
146. Book: Ghaus . Abdul Samad . Abdul Samad Ghaus . The Fall of Afghanistan: An Insider's Account . 1988 . Pergamon-Brassey's International Defense Publishers . Washington . 0-08-034701-0 . 200 . 17 May 2024.
147. Book: Braithwaite . Rodric . Rodric Braithwaite . Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989 . 2011 . Oxford University Press . Oxford . 978-0-19-983265-1 . 99.
148. Book: Diamond, Jared. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive. 2005. Penguin Books. 0-140-27951-2. 315.
149. Book: Demick, Barbara. Nothing To Envy: Real Lives In North Korea. 2010. Granta Publications. London. 978-1-84708-337-1. 128.
150. History vs. Historical Memory: Rosie Douglas, Black Power on Campus, and the Canadian Color Conceit. Michael O.. West. November 27, 2017. Palimpsest: A Journal on Women, Gender, and the Black International. 6. 1. 84–100. Project MUSE. 10.1353/pal.2017.0012. 198773895.
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152. News: North Korean leader Kim Jong-il dies 'of heart attack' . BBC News . 19 December 2011 . 19 December 2011.
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157. News: 2024-07-19 . Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng từ trần . Nhân Dân.
158. Web site: Tessa. Wong. Vietnamese leader Nguyen Phu Trong dies at 80. BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 19 July 2024. 19 July 2024.