International trips made by the heads of state and heads of government to the United States have become a valuable part of American diplomacy and international relations since such trips were first made in the mid-19th century. They are complicated undertakings that often require months of planning along with a great deal of coordination and communication.
The first international visit to the United States was made by King Kalakaua of Hawaii in 1874, which was the first visit by a foreign chief of state or head of government.[1]
The first South American head of state to visit the United States was Emperor Pedro II of Brazil in 1876.[2]
The first Central American head of state to visit the United States was President Justo Rufino Barrios of Guatemala in 1882.[3]
The first European head of state to visit the United States was Albert I, Prince of Monaco in 1913[4] while the first head of government to visit the United States was Prime Minister Macdonald of the United Kingdom in 1929.[5]
The first Oceanian head of government to visit the United States was Prime Minister Billy Hughes of Australia in 1918.[6]
The first Asian head of state to visit the United States was King Prajadhipok of Siam in 1931.[7] The Republic of China (later Taiwan) made its first visit in 1945 when Premier T.V. Soong went to San Francisco to lead the United Nations Conference in 1945.[8]
The first African head of state to visit the United States was President Edwin Barclay of Liberia in 1943.[9]