List of heads of state and government who were later imprisoned explained

This is a list of heads of government who were later imprisoned. There have been several individuals throughout history who served as head of state or head of government (such as president, prime minister or monarch) of their nation states and later became prisoners. Any serving or former head who was placed under house arrest or became a prisoner of war is also included. Leaders who were kidnapped by insurgents or those who received an Interpol notice that was not consummated are not included.

Africa

Portrait NameCountries Official position Later imprisonment Reason
Bey of Tunis (1943–1956) & King of Tunisia (1956–1957) 1957 Overthrown[1]
Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (1960) 1961 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[2]
President of Algeria (1963–1965) 1965 Overthrown[3]
King of Burundi (1966) 1966 Overthrown
President of the Republic of the Congo (1963–1968) 1968 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
President of Mali (1960–1968) 1968 Overthrown[4] [5]
King of Libya (1951–1969) 1969 Overthrown
President of Niger (1960–1974) 1974 Overthrown[6]
Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974) 1974 Overthrown[7]
President of Mauritania (1960–1978) 1978 Overthrown[8]
Head of State of the Comoros (1976–1978) 1978 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[9]
Head of state of Ghana (1972–1978) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
Head of state of Ghana (1969–1970) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Head of state of Ghana (1978–1979) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
President of Equatorial Guinea (1968–1979) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[11]
President of Guinea-Bissau (1973–1980) 1980 Overthrown
President of Mauritania (1980–1984) 1984 Colluding with a foreign power[12]
President of the Central African Republic (1966–1976) & Emperor of Central Africa (1976–1979)1987 Murder[13]
President of Ethiopia (1987–1991) 1991 Overthrown
President of Mali (1968–1991) 1993 Overthrown[14]
President of Zimbabwe (1980–1987) 1999 Homosexuality[15]
President of Guinea-Bissau (1980–1984, 1984–1999, 2005–2009), Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau & Vice President of Guinea-Bissau (1977–1980) 1999 Overthrown
President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003) 2003 Overthrown
President of Rwanda (1994–2000) 2004 Corruption[16]
Prime Minister of Mauritania (1981–1984, 1984–1992) & President of Mauritania (1984–2005) 2005 Overthrown[17]
Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2004–2006) 2007 Corruption[18]
President of Mauritania (2007–2008) 2008 Overthrown[19]
President of Anjouan (2001–2008) 2008 Illegally entering a country[20]
President of Madagascar (2005–2009) 2010 Murder[21]
President of Niger (1999–2010) 2010 Overthrown[22]
Prime Minister of Togo (1999–2000) 2011 Corruption[23]
Prime Minister of Libya (1990–1994) 2011 Crimes against humanity[24]
Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2006–2011) 2011 Illegally entering a country[25]
Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011), Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977), Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1977–1979) & Prime Minister of Libya (1970–1972) 2011 Overthrown
President of Egypt (1981–2011), Prime Minister of Egypt (1981–1982) & Vice-President of Egypt (1975–1981) 2011 Overthrown
President of Tunisia (1987–2011) 2011 Overthrown[26]
President of Liberia (1997–2003) 2012 Crimes against humanity[27]
President of Guinea-Bissau (2009, 2012) 2012 Overthrown
President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013) 2013 Overthrown[28]
Prime Minister of Cameroon (2004–2009) 2013 Corruption[29]
President of Egypt (2012–2013) 2013 Overthrown[30] [31]
Vice-President of Burundi (1998–2001) 2015 Bribery[32]
Vice-Presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003–2006) 2016 Crimes against humanity[33]
President of Chad (1982–1990) 2016 Crimes against humanity[34]
Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980–1987) & President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017) 2017 Overthrown[35]
Prime Minister of Niger (1995–1996 & 2000–2007) 2017 Child smuggling[36]
President of the Comoros (2006–2011) 2018 Corruption[37]
Prime Minister of Algeria (2014) 2019 Corruption[38]
Prime Minister of Algeria (2012–2017) 2019 Corruption[39]
Prime Minister of Algeria (1995–1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2012 & 2017–2019) 2019 Corruption
Prime Minister of Sudan (2019) 2019 Overthrown[40]
President of Sudan (1989–2019) 2019 Overthrown[41] [42] [43]
Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2007–2012) 2020 Corruption[44]
Prime Minister of Lesotho (2012–2015 & 2017–2020) 2020 Murder[45]
President of Mali (2013–2020) 2020 Overthrown[46]
President of Mali (2020–2021) 2021 Overthrown[47]
Prime Minister of Mali (2020–2021) 2021 Overthrown
President of Guinea (2010–2021) 2021 Overthrown[48]
President of Mauritania (2009–2019) 2021 Corruption[49]
Prime Minister of Mauritania (2014–2018) 2021 Corruption[50]
Prime Minister of Mauritania (2018–2019) 2021 Corruption
President of South Africa (2009–2018) 2021 Corruption[51]
President of Burkina Faso (2015–2022) 2022 Overthrown[52]
Moussa Dadis CamaraPresident of Guinea (2008–2010)2022Imprisoned before trial[53]
President of Burkina Faso (2022) 2022 Overthrown[54]
President of Niger (2021–2023) 2023 Overthrown[55]
President of Gabon (2009–2023) 2023 Overthrown[56]

Asia

Portrait NameCountries Official position Later
imprisonment 		Reason
Imperial Chancellor (208 BC) 208 BC Treason (Executed by Waist chop)
Imperial Chancellor (208–207 BC) 207 BC Overthrown (Stabbed to death)
Ruler of Qin (207 BC) 206 BC Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Emperor of China (Western Jin) (307–311) 313 Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Emperor of China (Western Jin) (313–316) 318 Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Emperor of the Liao Dynasty (1101–1125) 1156 Overthrown (Executed by being shot to death with arrows)
Emperor of the Song Dynasty (1126–1127) 1127 Captured by enemy forces during the Jingkang incident
Grand Chancellor of the Song Dynasty (1275–1278) 1283 Treason (Executed by beheading)
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1918–1922) 1922 Overthrown
Emperor of Manchukuo (1934–1945) and Emperor of China (1908–1912) 1946 Crimes against humanity
President of the Republic of China (1944–1945) 1946 Treason (Executed by firing squad)
President of the Reformed Government of the Republic of China (1938–1940) 1946 Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Prime Minister of Japan (1936–1937) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Prime Minister of Japan (1939) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Prime Minister of Japan (1944–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1942) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1943–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1944–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Governor-General of Korea (1936–1942) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Governor of Hong Kong (1941–1942) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Governor of Hong Kong (1942–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Governor of Hong Kong (1945) 1947 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Governor-General of Kwantung (1939–1944) 1948 Crimes against humanity
Governor of Hong Kong (1944–1945) 1948 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Prime Minister of Japan (1941–1944) 1948 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
King of Iraq (1939–1958) 1958 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Prime Minister of Iraq (1930–1958) 1958 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Prime Minister of Turkey (1950–1960) 1960 Treason (Executed by hanging)[57]
President of Turkey (1950-1960) 1960 Treason[58]
Prime Minister of Iraq (1958–1963) 1963 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
President of Indonesia (1945–1967) 1967 Overthrown[59]
Chairman of the People's Republic of China (1958–1968) 1968 Treason[60]
Sultan of Oman (1932–1970) 1970 Overthrown
Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1971–1972) 1975 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[61]
Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1975) 1975 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
President of Bangladesh (1975) 1975 Overthrown
Prime Minister of Iran (1965–1977) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[62]
Shah of Iran (1941–1979) 1979 Overthrown
President of Pakistan (1971–1973)
Prime Minister of Pakistan (1973–1977) 		1979 Murder (Hanging)[63] [64] [65]
Prime Minister of Japan (1972–1974) 1983 Bribery[66]
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (1987–1989)
Premier of the People's Republic of China (1980–1987) 		1989 Politically purged
President of Bangladesh (1983–1990) 1990 Corruption[67]
President of Afghanistan (1987–1992) 1992 Overthrown (Tortured to death)[68]
President of South Korea (1980-1988) 1996 Treason[69]
President of South Korea (1988–1993) 1996 Treason[70]
Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1994–1997) 1998 Tax evasion[71]
Prime Minister of Turkey (1996–1997) 1998 Corruption[72]
Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988–1990 & 1993–1996) 1999 Corruption[73]
Prime Minister of India (1991–1996) 2000 Corruption[74]
President of Indonesia (1968–1998) 2000 Corruption[75]
Prime Minister of Burma (1958–1960 & 1962–1974)
President of Burma (1974–1981) 		2002 Treason[76]
Prime Minister of Iraq (1991–1993) 2003 Overthrown[77]
Prime Minister of Iraq (1991) 2003 Overthrown[78]
President of Iraq (1979–2003) 2003 Overthrown (Executed by hanging)[79]
Prime Minister of Myanmar (2003–2004) 2005 Corruption[80]
President of the Philippines (1998–2001) 2007 Corruption[81]
Prime Minister of Cambodia (1993–1997) 2007 Corruption[82]
President of the Republic of China (2000–2008) 2009 Bribery[83]
Acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan (2001) 2010 Terrorism[84]
President of the Philippines (2001–2010)2011 Hospital arrest. Election fraud charges, later dismissed[85]
2012 Hospital arrest. Corruption charges, later dismissed[86]
Prime Minister of Pakistan (2008–2012) 2012 Contempt of court[87]
Prime Minister of Mongolia (2000–2004)
President of Mongolia (2005–2009)		2012 Corruption[88]
Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1992–1993) 2013 Attempted assassination[89]
Prime Minister of Israel (2006-2009) 2014 Bribery[90]
Prime Minister of Pakistan (2012–2013) 2014 Corruption[91]
Chairman of the State Presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (1976–1979) 2014 Crimes against humanity[92]
Prime Minister of Kampuchea (1976) 2014 Crimes against humanity[93]
President of Turkey (1980–1989) 2014 Treason[94]
Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2012–2014) 2015 Corruption[95]
Prime Minister of South Korea (2006–2007) 2015 Bribery[96]
Prime Minister of South Korea (2015) 2016 Bribery[97]
Prime Minister of Thailand (2011–2014) 2017 Corruption[98]
Prime Minister of South Korea (2015) 2018 Bribery[99]
Prime Minister of Mongolia (2014–2016) 2018 Corruption[100]
Prime Minister of Mongolia (2007–2009) 2018 Corruption
President of the Republic of China (2008–2016) 2018 Leaking classified information[101]
President of Kyrgyzstan (2011–2017) 2018 Murder[102]
President of the Maldives (1978–2008) 2018 Treason[103]
President of South Korea (2008–2013) 2018 Bribery[104]
President of South Korea (2013–2017) 2018 Bribery[105]
Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1991–1996 & 2001–2006) 2018 Corruption[106]
Prime Minister of Pakistan (1990–1993, 1997–1999 & 2013–2017) 2018 Corruption[107] [108] [109]
President of the Maldives (2013–2018) 2019 Corruption[110]
Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006) 2019 Corruption[111]
Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand (2012–2014) 2019 Corruption[112]
Chairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
People's Government (2008–2014) 		2019 Bribery[113]
President of Pakistan (2001–2008) 2019 Treason[114]
President of Pakistan (2008–2013) 2019 Corruption[115]
Prime Minister of Malaysia (2009–2018) 2019 Corruption[116]
Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2012–2014) 2019 Corruption[117]
Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2017–2018) 2019 Corruption
President of Yemen (2012–2022) 2020 Treason[118]
State Counsellor of Myanmar (2016–2021) 2021 Illegally importing walkie-talkies[119]
Prime Minister of Pakistan (2018–2022) 2023 Corruption[120]

Europe

Portrait NameCountries Official position Later imprisonment Reason
Emperor of Rome (253–260) 260 Overthrown
Queen of Scotland (1542–1567) 1587 Treason (Executed by beheading)
, & King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625–1649) 1649 Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
King of France (1774–1792) 1793 Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1848) 1849 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Emperor of Russia (1894–1917) 1917 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
King of Romania (1930–1940) 1940 Overthrown
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity
Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1940–1943) 1945 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1943–1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Prime Minister of Italy (1922–1945) 1945 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Chief of the Government (1940) & Chief of the French State (1940–1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity and Treason
Chief of the Government (1931–1932, 1935–1936, 1940 & 1942–1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity and Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Minister President of Norway (1942–1945) 1945 Crimes against humanity and Treason (Executed by firing squad)
President of Finland (1940–1944) 1945 Treason
Prime Minister of Albania (1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity
Prime Minister of Greece (1941–1942) 1945 Crimes against humanity and Treason
Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1943) 1945 Crimes against humanity
Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1943–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Head of State of Hungary (1944–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Reich Minister for Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Governor-General of the General Government of Occupied Poland (1939–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1943) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Prime Minister of Albania (1928–1930 & 1936–1939) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1938–1939) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Prime Minister of Romania (1940–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Prime Minister of Greece (1943–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity and Treason
Prime Minister of Greece (1943–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity and Treason
Chancellor of Austria (1938) & Reich Commissioner of the Netherlands (1940–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941–1942) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
President of the German Reich (1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Prime Minister of Finland (1941–1943) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1943) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938) 1945 Treason
Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938–1939) & Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939) 1941 & 1945 Treason
President of Czechoslovakia (1938–1939) & President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1945) 1945 Treason
Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1941) 1941 Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1941–1945) 1945 Treason
Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1945) 1945 Treason
Prime Minister of the Slovak Republic (1939–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
President of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945) 1947 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Gauleiter of Gau East Prussia (1928–1945), Oberpräsident of East Prussia (1933–1945), Reichskommissar of Ukraine (1941–1944) & Reichskommissar for the Ostland (1944–1945) 1950 Crimes against humanity
President of Estonia (1938–1940) 1952 Anti-Soviet agitation
Prime Minister of Hungary (1953–1955 & 1956) 1958 Overthrown (Executed by hanging)
1958 Overthrown
Regent of Greece (1967–1972) 1974Treason and Insurrection
President of Greece (1973) & Prime Minister of Greece (1967–1973) 1974Treason and Insurrection
President of Poland (1981–1989) 1989 Treason
President of Romania (1974–1989) 1989Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989) 1990 Overthrown[121]
Chairman of the State Council (1989) 1990 Manslaughter[122]
General Secretary of East Germany (1971–1989) 1992 Manslaughter[123]
Prime Minister of Albania (1981–1991) 1994 Abuse of office[124] [125]
President of Yugoslavia (1997–2000) & President of Serbia (1989–1997) 2001 Crimes against humanity
President of Republika Srpska (1996–1998) 2003 Crimes against humanity[126]
President of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1992) & Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1995) 2004 Crimes against humanity[127]
Prime Minister of Ukraine (1996–1997) 2004 Fraud[128]
Serb Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996–1998) 2006 Crimes against humanity[129]
President of Albania (1991–1992) 2006 Murder[130]
President of Republic of Serbian Krajina (1994–1995) 2007 Crimes against humanity[131]
Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (2004–2006) 2008 Corruption[132]
Prime Minister of Serbia (1993–1994) & Deputy Prime Minister of FR Yugoslavia (1994–2000) 2009 Crimes against humanity[133]
Prime Minister of Ukraine (2007–2010) 2011 Corruption[134]
Prime Minister of France (1974–1976 & 1986–1988) & President of France (1995–2007) 2011 Corruption[135]
Prime Minister of Portugal (2005–2011) 2014 Corruption[136]
Prime Minister of Georgia (2012) 2014 Corruption[137]
Prime Minister of Romania (2000–2004) 2014 Bribery[138]
President of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) 2016 Corruption[139]
Prime Minister of Moldova (2009–2013) 2016 Corruption[140]
President of Republika Srpska (1992–1996) 2016 Crimes against humanity[141]
President of Armenia (1998–2008) 2018 Corruption[142]
Prime Minister of Croatia (2003–2009) 2018 Corruption[143]
Prime Minister of Ukraine (2010–2014) 2019 Treason[144]
President of Ukraine (2010–2014) 2019 Treason
President of Armenia (2008–2018) 2020 Corruption[145]
Prime Minister of France (2007–2012) 2020 Fraud[146]
President of France (2007–2012) 2021 Bribery[147] [148]
President of Georgia (2004–2007 & 2008–2013) 2021[149] Abuse of power[150]
Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (2006–2016) 2022 Money laundering[151]
President of Moldova (2016–2020) 2022 Corruption
Treason

North America

Portrait NameCountries Official position Later imprisonment Reason
President of the Confederate States of America (1862–1865) 1865 Treason[152]
President of Haiti (1914) 1915 Illegal entry[153]
President of Haiti (1941–1946) 1946 Overthrown[154]
President of Haiti (1957) 1957 Overthrown[155]
Prime Minister of Grenada (1979–1983) 1983 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[156]
Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1980–1985) 1985 Drug smuggling[157]
Prime Minister of Grenada (1983) 1986 Murder[158]
President of Haiti (1988–1990) 2001 Conspiracy, murder[159]
Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001) 2006 Fraud[160]
Premier of the Cayman Islands (2009–2012) 2012 Corruption[161]
President of Haiti (1971–1986) 2013 Corruption[162]
Chief Minister of Montserrat (1997–2001) 2015 Child sex abuse[163]
Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003–2006) & Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2006–2009) 2019 Fraud[164]
Premier of the Virgin Islands (2019–2022) 2022 Drug Trafficking[165]

Oceania

Portrait NameCountries Official position Later imprisonment Reason
Mayor of Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004) 2004 Child sex abuse[166]
Prime Minister of Fiji (2000–2006) 2012 Corruption[167]
President of French Polynesia (1984–1987, 1991–2005, 2008 & 2013–2014) 2013 Corruption[168]
Prime Minister of Fiji (1999–2000) 2014 Fraud[169]
Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2013–2014) 2015 Bribery[170]
Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1995–1998, 2004, 2009 & 2011) 2015 Bribery[171]
Mayor of Pitcairn Islands (2008–2013) 2016 Child sex abuse[172]
President of French Polynesia (2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009 & 2011–2013) 2019 Fraud[173]
Prime Minister of Tonga (2010–2014) 2020 Bribery[174]
Prime Minister of Fiji (2007–2022) & President of Fiji (2000, 2006–2007) 2023 Abuse of Office[175]

South America

Portrait NameCountries Official position Later imprisonment Reason
José María VargasPresident of Venezuela (1835–1836)1835Overthrown. Briefly put into house arrest during the Revolution of the Reforms[176]
José Antonio PáezPresident of Venezuela (1830–1835)1849Prisoner of war
José Gregorio MonagasPresident of Venezuela (1851–1855)1858March Revolution[177]
Julián CastroPresident of Venezuela (1858–1859)1859Overthrown[178]
Francisco I. Madero MexicoPresident of Mexico (1911–1913)1913Overthrown (executed by firing squad)
Washington Luís BrazilPresident of Brazil (1926–1930)1930Overthrown[179] [180] [181]
Isaías Medina AngaritaPresident of Venezuela (1941–1945)1945Overthrown[182]
Rómulo GallegosPresident of Venezuela (1948)1948Overthrown
Café Filho BrazilPresident of Brazil (1954–1955)1955Attempted coup[183] [184] [185]
Marcos Pérez JiménezPresident of Venezuela (1953–1958)1963Corruption[186]
João Goulart BrazilPresident of Brazil (1961–1964)1964Overthrown
Isabel Perón ArgentinaPresident of Argentina (1974–1976)1976Overthrown
Prime Minister of Suriname (1975–1980) 1980 Overthrown[187]
President of Argentina (1981) 1983 Murder[188]
President of Argentina (1981–1982) 1986 Mishandling of the Falklands War[189]
President of the Dominican Republic (1982–1986) 1988 Corruption[190]
President of Panama (1983–1989) 1989 Drug trafficking
President of Bolivia (1980–1981) 1995 Crimes against humanity[191]
Carlos Andrés PérezPresident of Venezuela (1974–1979, 1989–1993)1996Corruption
President of Chile (1974–1990) 1998 Crimes against humanity
President of Ecuador (1997–1998) 1999 Fraud[192]
Hugo ChávezPresident of Venezuela (1999–2002, 2002–2013)2002Attempted coup
President of Nicaragua (1997–2002) 2003 Corruption[193]
Prime Minister of Suriname (1983–1984) 2003 Forgery[194]
President of Paraguay (1999–2003) 2006 Corruption[195]
President of Uruguay (1981–1985) 2007 Crimes against humanity[196]
President of Peru (1990–2000) 2009 Corruption and human rights violations[197]
President of Honduras (2006–2009) 2009 Overthrown
President of Costa Rica (1990–1994) 2009 Corruption[198]
President of Argentina (1982–1983) 2010 Murder[199]
President of Argentina (1976–1981) 2010 Murder[200]
President of Uruguay (1972–1976) 2010 Crimes against humanity[201]
President of Costa Rica (1998–2002) 2011 Corruption[202]
President of Guatemala (1982–1983) 2014 Crimes against humanity[203]
President of Guatemala (2000–2004) 2014 Bribery[204]
President of Ecuador (1998–2000) 2014 Corruption[205]
President of Argentina (1989–1999) 2015 Corruption[206]
President of Guatemala (2010–2015) 2015 Corruption[207]
Prime Minister of Curacao (2010–2012) 2016 Bribery[208]
President of Peru (2011–2016) 2017 Corruption[209]
President of Brazil (2003–2010 & 2023–present) 2017 Corruption[210]
President of Guatemala (2008–2012) 2018 Corruption[211]
President of El Salvador (2004–2009) 2018 Corruption[212]
President of Peru (2001–2006) 2019 Corruption[213]
President of Peru (2016–2018) 2019 Corruption[214]
President of Brazil (2016–2018) 2019 Corruption and money laundering[215]
President of Bolivia (2006–2019) 2019 Overthrown
President of Colombia (2002–2010) 2020 Bribery and witness tampering[216]
Rafael Correa EcuadorPresident of Ecuador (2007–2017)2020Corruption
Vice President of Suriname (2015–2020) 2020 Corruption[217]
President of Bolivia (2019–2020) 2021 Overthrown[218]
President of Honduras (2014–2022) 2022 Drug trafficking[219]
President of Suriname (2010–2020) & Chairman of the National Military Council (1980–1987) 2022 Murder[220]
President of Peru (2021–2022) 2022 Treason, rebellion, and corruption
President of Brazil (1990–1992) 2023 Corruption[221]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Portail de l'Information Scientifique et Technique PIST.TN – Produits et Services.
  2. News: Nzongola-Ntalaja . Georges . Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja . January 17, 2011 . Patrice Lumumba: the most important assassination of the 20th century | Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja . The Guardian . www.theguardian.com.
  3. Web site: Ahmed Ben Bella obituary. Joffe. Lawrence. 2012-04-11. The Guardian. en. 2018-02-09.
  4. P. J. Imperato, Mali: a search for direction, p. 69
  5. P. Diarra, Cent ans de catholicisme au Mali, p. 273
  6. Web site: Hamani Diori – president of Niger . Encyclopedia Britannica . 26 May 2021 . en.
  7. News: Ethiopia Executes 60 Former Officials, Including 2 Premiers and Military Chief (Published 1974). The New York Times . November 24, 1974.
  8. News: Ousted Mauritanian president returns home. BBC. July 18, 2001.
  9. News: Ex-Comoro Island Chief Reported Shot to Death While Trying to Escape . The New York Times . May 29, 1978.
  10. Web site: Review of Petitions E. 4th June, 1979 – 23rd September 1979 (AFRC REGIME) . 30 April 2007 . October 2004 . 176 . Report of the National Reconciliation Commission Volume 2 Part 1 Chapter 6 . Ghana government . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20061016013142/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/NRC/VOL%202%20Part%201%20CHAPTER%206%20Review%20of%20Petitions.pdf . 16 October 2006 .
  11. News: Equatorial Guinea 'thwarts coup attempt' . 29 January 2019 . 3 January 2018.
  12. News: Haidalla walks free with suspended sentence . 17 July 2021 . The New Humanitarian . 29 December 2003 . fr.
  13. Web site: Bokassa Guilty; Death Sentence for Ex-Emperor. June 13, 1987. Los Angeles Times.
  14. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/454481.stm "Former Malian president escapes death again"
  15. News: Meldrum . Andrew . Canaan Banana, president jailed in sex scandal, dies . 26 May 2021 . The Guardian . 2003-11-11 . en.
  16. News: From president to prison . 7 June 2004 . BBC News . 8 July 2012.
  17. Web site: 2005-08-03 . Coup ousts West-leaning leader of Mauritania . 2024-06-04 . NBC News . en.
  18. Web site: Candidatura Independiente Guinea EcuatorialNoticiasMAS SOBRE LA DETENCI. www.candidaturaindependiente-guineaecuatorial.com.
  19. Web site: 2008-08-08 . Ousted Mauritanian president in secret custody . 2024-06-04 . France 24 . en.
  20. Web site: French court finds Bacar guilty of importing arms. June 5, 2008. France 24.
  21. News: Exiled Madagascan leader Ravalomanana sentenced. BBC News . August 28, 2010.
  22. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8523196.stm Military coup ousts Niger president
  23. Web site: Eugène Koffi Adoboli condamné à 5 ans de prison. republicoftogo.com. République Togolaise. fr. 2019-10-15.
  24. News: Libyan ex-spy chief Dorda charged over protester deaths. BBC News . June 5, 2012.
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