List of heads of government of Romania explained

This is a list consisting of all the heads of government of modern and contemporary Romania (i.e. prime ministers, both in full constitutional powers and acting or ad interim), since the establishment of the United Principalities in 1859 to the present day.

The incumbent prime minister of Romania, as of, is Ion-Marcel Ciolacu, the current leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), who has been serving since 15 June 2023 onwards.

Ciolacu has been leading a PSD-PNL grand coalition government, as part of and representing the ruling National Coalition for Romania (CNR), since mid June 2023 to the present day. The Ciolacu Cabinet is the second CNR government to date and the only one to be composed of only two major political parties, after the UDMR/RMDSZ was eliminated from the coalition and, consequently, entered in opposition. In addition, the share of governmental power between the two major political parties which constitute this CNR cabinet is equal (i.e. 11 ministries per each constituent political party). For some time however, the stability and cohesion of the incumbent cabinet are both quite debatable.

Affiliations

The political stance of Romanian prime ministers prior to the development of a modern party system is given by the following affiliations in the table below:

C (Conservative)	MC (Moderate Conservative)
RL (Radical Liberal)	ML (Moderate Liberal)

The political stance of Romanian prime ministers after the development of a modern party system is given by the following affiliations in the table below:

	PC = Conservative Party
	PP = People's Party
	Ind. = Independent
	PNC = National Christian Party
FRN = National Renaissance Front (from 1940 PN; Party of the Nation)	FP = Ploughmen's Front
PMR = Romanian Workers' Party (from 1965 PCR; Romanian Communist Party)	FSN = National Salvation Front
PDSR = Party of Social Democracy in Romania (from 2001 PSD; Social Democratic Party)	Mil. = Military
	Democratic Party/Democratic Liberal Party

Ad interim/acting officeholders are denoted by italics.

List of officeholders

United Principalities (1859–1881)

From 1859 to 1862, the two Romanian principalities (more specifically Moldavia and Wallachia) had their own government each, and a cabinet, seated in Iași and Bucharest respectively. In 1862, Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza changed the Constitution and from then on there has been a single unified central government, permanently seated in Bucharest, the capital of Romania.

	Portrait	Name	Election	Term of office			Political party	Cabinet
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
1		Barbu Catargiu	?	15 February 1862	8 June 1862 †			Catargiu
—		Apostol Arsache	—	8 June 1862	23 June 1862
2		Nicolae Crețulescu	—	24 June 1862	11 October 1863			Crețulescu I
3		Mihail Kogălniceanu	1864	11 October 1863	26 January 1865			Kogălniceanu
4		Constantin Bosianu	—	26 January 1865	14 June 1865			Bosianu
(2)		Nicolae Crețulescu	—	14 June 1865	11 February 1866			Crețulescu II
5		Ion Ghica	1866	11 February 1866	10 May 1866			Ghica I
6		Lascăr Catargiu	—	11 May 1866	13 July 1866			Catargiu I
(5)		Ion Ghica	1866	15 July 1866	21 February 1867			Ghica II
7		Constantin A. Crețulescu	—	1 March 1867	4 August 1867			Crețulescu
8		Ștefan Golescu	1867	26 November 1867	12 May 1868			Golescu
9		Nicolae Golescu	1868	1 May 1868	15 November 1868			Golescu
10		Dimitrie Ghica	—	16 November 1868	27 January 1870			Ghica
11		Alexandru G. Golescu	1869	2 February 1870	18 April 1870			Golescu
12		Manolache Costache Epureanu	—	20 April 1870	14 December 1870			Epureanu I
(5)		Ion Ghica	—	18 December 1870	11 March 1871			Ghica III
(6)		Lascăr Catargiu	—	11 March 1871	30 March 1876			Catargiu II
13		Ion Emanuel Florescu	—	4 April 1876	26 April 1876			Florescu I
(12)		Manolache Costache Epureanu	—	6 May 1876	5 August 1876		PNL	Epureanu II
14		Ion Brătianu	—	5 August 1876	13 March 1881		PNL	I. Brătianu I–II–III

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)

	Portrait	Name	Election	Term of office			Political party	Cabinet
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
14		Ion Brătianu	—	13 March 1881	9 April 1881		PNL	I. Brătianu III
15		Dimitrie Brătianu	—	10 April 1881	8 June 1881		PNL	D. Brătianu
(14)		Ion Brătianu	—	9 June 1881	20 March 1888		PNL	I. Brătianu IV
16		Theodor Rosetti	—	23 March 1888	22 March 1889		PC	Rosetti I–II
(6)		Lascăr Catargiu	—	29 March 1889	3 November 1889		PC	Catargiu III
17		Gheorghe Manu	—	5 November 1889	15 February 1891		PC	Manu
(13)		Ion Emanuel Florescu	—	2 March 1891	29 December 1891		PC	Florescu II
(6)		Lascăr Catargiu	1892	29 December 1891	15 October 1895		PC	Catargiu IV
18		Dimitrie Sturdza	—	15 October 1895	2 December 1896		PNL	Sturdza I
19		Petre S. Aurelian	—	2 December 1896	12 April 1897		PNL	Aurelian
(18)		Dimitrie Sturdza	—	12 April 1897	23 April 1899		PNL	Sturdza II
20		Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino	—	23 April 1899	19 July 1900		PC	Cantacuzino I
21		Petre P. Carp	—	19 July 1900	13 February 1901		PC	Carp I
(18)		Dimitrie Sturdza	1901	27 February 1901	4 January 1906		PNL	Sturdza III
(20)		Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino	—	4 January 1906	24 March 1907		PC	Cantacuzino II
(18)		Dimitrie Sturdza	1907	24 March 1907	9 January 1909		PNL	Sturdza IV
22		Ion I. C. Brătianu	—	9 January 1909	28 December 1910		PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu I–II
(21)		Petre P. Carp	1911	29 December 1910	28 March 1912		PC	Carp II
23		Titu Maiorescu	1912	28 March 1912	31 December 1913		PC	Maiorescu I–II
(22)		Ion I. C. Brătianu	1914	4 January 1914	28 January 1918		PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu III–IV
24		Alexandru Averescu	—	29 January 1918	4 March 1918		Mil.	Averescu I
25		Alexandru Marghiloman	1918	5 March 1918	23 October 1918		PC	Marghiloman
26		Constantin Coandă	—	24 October 1918	29 November 1918		Mil.	Coandă
(22)		Ion I. C. Brătianu	—	29 November 1918	26 September 1919		PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu V
27		Artur Văitoianu	—	27 September 1919	30 November 1919		Mil.	Văitoianu
28		Alexandru Vaida-Voevod	1919	1 December 1919	12 March 1920		PNR	Vaida-Voevod I
(24)		Alexandru Averescu	1920	13 March 1920	16 December 1921		PP	Averescu II
29		Take Ionescu	—	17 December 1921	19 January 1922		PCD	Ionescu
(22)		Ion I. C. Brătianu	1922	19 January 1922	29 March 1926		PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu VI
(24)		Alexandru Averescu	1926	30 March 1926	4 June 1927		PP	Averescu III
30		Barbu Știrbey	—	4 June 1927	20 June 1927		Ind.	Știrbey
(22)		Ion I. C. Brătianu	1927	21 June 1927	24 November 1927		PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu VII
31		Vintilă Brătianu	—	24 November 1927	9 November 1928		PNL	V. Brătianu
32		Iuliu Maniu	1928	10 November 1928	6 June 1930		PNȚ	Maniu I
33		Gheorghe Mironescu	—	7 June 1930	12 June 1930		PNȚ	Mironescu I
(32)		Iuliu Maniu )	—	13 June 1930	9 October 1930		PNȚ	Maniu II
(33)		Gheorghe Mironescu	—	10 October 1930	17 April 1931		PNȚ	Mironescu II
34		Nicolae Iorga	1931	18 April 1931	5 June 1932		PND	Iorga
(28)		Alexandru Vaida-Voevod	1932	6 June 1932	19 October 1932		PNȚ	Vaida-Voevod II–III
(32)		Iuliu Maniu	—	20 October 1932	13 January 1933		PNȚ	Maniu III
(28)		Alexandru Vaida-Voevod	—	14 January 1933	13 November 1933		PNȚ	Vaida-Voevod IV
35		Ion G. Duca	1933	14 November 1933	29 December 1933 †		PNL	Duca
—		Constantin Angelescu	—	29 December 1933	3 January 1934		PNL	Angelescu
36		Gheorghe Tătărescu	—	4 January 1934	28 December 1937		PNL	Tătărescu I–II–III–IV
37		Octavian Goga	1937	29 December 1937	10 February 1938		PNC	Goga
38		Patriarch Miron Cristea	—	11 February 1938	6 March 1939 †		Ind.	Cristea I–II–III
39		Armand Călinescu	1939	7 March 1939	21 September 1939 †		FRN	Călinescu
40		Gheorghe Argeșanu	—	21 September 1939	28 September 1939		Mil.	Argeșanu
41		Constantin Argetoianu	—	28 September 1939	23 November 1939		FRN	Argetoianu
(36)		Gheorghe Tătărescu	—	24 November 1939	3 July 1940		FRN	Tătărescu V–VI
42		Ion Gigurtu	—	4 July 1940	4 September 1940	62 days	FRN	Gigurtu
43		Ion Antonescu	—	4 September 1940	23 August 1944		Mil.	Antonescu I–II–III
44		Constantin Sănătescu	—	23 August 1944	5 December 1944		Mil.	Sănătescu I–II
45		Nicolae Rădescu	—	6 December 1944	28 February 1945		Mil.	Rădescu
46		Petru Groza	— 1946	6 March 1945	30 December 1947		FP	Groza I–II

Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)

	Portrait	Name	Election	Term of office			Political party	Cabinet
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
Presidents of the Council of Ministers (informally Prime Ministers)
46		Petru Groza	— 1948	30 December 1947	2 June 1952		FP	Groza III–IV
47		Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej	— 1952	2 June 1952	4 October 1955		PMR	Gheorghiu-Dej I–II
48		Chivu Stoica	— 1957	4 October 1955	20 March 1961		PMR	Stoica I–II
49		Ion Gheorghe Maurer	1961 1965 1969	21 March 1961	27 February 1974		PCR	Maurer I–II–III–IV–V
50		Manea Mănescu	— 1975	27 February 1974	30 March 1979		PCR	Mănescu I–II
51		Ilie Verdeț	— 1980	30 March 1979	20 May 1982		PCR	Verdeț I–II
52		Constantin Dăscălescu	— 1985	21 May 1982	22 December 1989		PCR	Dăscălescu I–II

Contemporary Romania (1989–present)

	Portrait	Name	Election	Term of office			Political party	Cabinet	President
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
Prime Ministers
—		Council of the National Salvation Front	—	22 December 1989	26 December 1989		FSN	Provisional	Itself
53		Petre Roman	—	26 December 1989	28 June 1990		FSN	Roman I	Ion Iliescu
1990			28 June 1990	30 April 1991	Roman II
			30 April 1991	16 October 1991	Roman III
	54		Theodor Stolojan	16 October 1991	19 November 1992		FSN	Stolojan
55		Nicolae Văcăroiu	1992	19 November 1992	11 December 1996		PDSR	Văcăroiu
56		Victor Ciorbea	1996	12 December 1996	30 March 1998		PNȚCD	Ciorbea	Emil Constantinescu
—		Gavril Dejeu		30 March 1998	17 April 1998		PNȚCD
57		Radu Vasile		17 April 1998	13 December 1999		PNȚCD	Vasile
—	-	Alexandru Athanasiu		13 December 1999	22 December 1999		PSDR
58		Mugur Isărescu		22 December 1999	28 December 2000		Ind.	Isărescu
59		Adrian Năstase	2000	28 December 2000	21 December 2004		PSD	Năstase	Ion Iliescu
—		Eugen Bejinariu		21 December 2004	28 December 2004		PSD		Traian Băsescu
60		Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu	2004	29 December 2004	5 April 2007		PNL	Tăriceanu I
5 April 2007				22 December 2008	Tăriceanu II
61		Emil Boc	2008	22 December 2008	23 December 2009		PDL	Boc I
23 December 2009				6 February 2012	Boc II
—		Cătălin Predoiu		6 February 2012		9 February 2012		Ind.
62		Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu		9 February 2012	7 May 2012		Ind.	Ungureanu
63		Victor Ponta		7 May 2012	21 December 2012		PSD	Ponta I
2012			21 December 2012	5 March 2014	Ponta II
			5 March 2014	17 December 2014	Ponta III
			17 December 2014	22 June 2015	Ponta IV			Klaus Iohannis
	—		Gabriel Oprea	22 June 2015		9 July 2015			UNPR
	(63)		Victor Ponta	9 July 2015		29 July 2015			PSD
	—		Gabriel Oprea	29 July 2015		10 August 2015			UNPR
	(63)		Victor Ponta	10 August 2015		5 November 2015			PSD
	—		Sorin Cîmpeanu	5 November 2015		17 November 2015			ALDE
	64		Dacian Cioloș	17 November 2015	4 January 2017		Ind.		Cioloș
65		Sorin Grindeanu	2016	4 January 2017	29 June 2017		PSD		Grindeanu
66		Mihai Tudose		29 June 2017	16 January 2018		PSD		Tudose
—		Mihai Fifor		16 January 2018	29 January 2018		PSD
67		Viorica Dăncilă		29 January 2018	4 November 2019		PSD		Dăncilă
68		Ludovic Orban		4 November 2019	14 March 2020		PNL		Orban I
14 March 2020				7 December 2020	Orban II
—		Nicolae Ciucă		7 December 2020	23 December 2020		PNL
69		Florin Cîțu	2020	23 December 2020	25 November 2021		PNL		Cîțu
70		Nicolae Ciucă		25 November 2021	12 June 2023		PNL		Ciucă
—		Cătălin Predoiu		12 June 2023	15 June 2023		PNL
71		Marcel Ciolacu		15 June 2023	Incumbent		PSD		Ciolacu

Note: Romania used the Julian calendar prior to 1919, but all dates are given in the Gregorian calendar.

See also

• List of heads of state of Romania
• List of presidents of Romania
  • List of presidents of Romania by time in office
• Lists of office-holders of all nations
• Politics of Romania

Bibliography

• Nicolae C. Nicolescu, Șefii de stat și de guvern ai României (1859–2003), Editura Meronia, Bucharest, 2003
• Stelian Neagoe, Istoria guvernelor României de la începuturi – 1859 până în zilele noastre – 1995, Editura Machiavelli, Bucharest, 1995

External links

• Guvernele României
• Government site