List of heads of state of the Maldives explained

This is a list of heads of state of the Maldives.

Solar and Lunar dynasties

Solar dynasty (Aadheettha Vansa)

At first, Maldives was a matriarchal society with each atoll ruled by a chief queen according to some accounts or by others, several theocratic societies ruled by priests known as Sawamias of heliolatric, selenolatric and astrolatric religions. After that, the first kingdom was established, named Dheeva Maari.[1]

width=20% Namewidth=10% Monarch fromwidth=10% Monarch untilwidth=44% Notes
Sri Srudasarunaditya before 269 BCE[2] unknownExiled prince and son of King Sri Brahmaditya of the Kalinga kingdom of India.
Unknown number of rulers The Mapanansa, the copper plates on which the history of the Kings of Solar Dynasty was written were lost quite early on.A 4th century notice written by Ammianus Marcellinus (362 CE) speaks of gifts sent to the Roman emperor Julian by a deputation from the nation of "Divi". The name "Divi" is very similar to "Dheyvi" who were the first settlers of Maldives.
Srimati Damahara unknownunknownLast ruler of the Solar Dynasty. It is unclear from the records how many other rulers ruled between the reigns of King Sri Srudasarunaditya and Queen Damahara. Married Prince Sri Baladitya from the Kalinga kingdom who later became the first king of the Lunar Dynasty.

Lunar dynasty (Soma Vansa)

Although the first kings of Maldives were of Solar dynasty, the last queen of the solar dynasty, Queen Srimati Damahara married a prince from Lunar dynasty (Soma Vansa) who came from Kalinga thus establishing the line of Soma Vansa.

width=20% Namewidth=10% Monarch fromwidth=10% Monarch untilwidth=44% Notes
Sri Baladitya around 990unknownPrince from Kalinga kingdom of India. Married Queen Damahara of the Solar dynasty to become the ruler of Dheeva Maari. Early during his reign King Rajaraja I of Chola captured the northern atolls Minicoy and Thiladhummathi. Although some sources indicate the start of the reign as when Rajaraja I invaded Maldives, a Chinese document from the Tang dynasty, records the visit of Maldivians to China bringing with them gifts from their king, Baladitya in 658 CE and also in 662 CE.[3] The king mentioned might have been a king of the Solar dynasty.
Sri Laukabarana unknownunknownKing of the Lunar dynasty. He is son or grandson of Svasti Sri Damahara Maha Rehendi.
Sri Maha Sandura unknownunknownSon of King Laukabarana. He had a daughter Princess Kamanhaar (also known as Kamanara or Rehendihara), who was banished to the island then called Is-Midu (Addu Meedhoo today). With her she took the Mapanansa, the copper plates in which the history of the kings of Solar dynasty was written. The Mapanansa were later buried by Al-Muhaddith Hasan, and this is why such little information survived about the Solar dynasty.
Sri Bovana Ananda unknownunknownSon of King Laukabarana and brother of King Maha Sandura. He is the father of King Koimala.

Theemuge dynasty

Sultan

See main article: Theemuge dynasty.

  1. Theemuge Dynasty Timeline
  2. All measures are in pixels

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DateFormat = yyyyPeriod = from:1115 till:1395TimeAxis = orientation:horizontalScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1117

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PlotData= bar:Theemuge color:dullyellow width:25 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S from:1117 till:1141 shift:($dx,55) text:King~Mahaabarana~Adeettiya~(Koimala) from:1141 till:1166 shift:($dx,55) text:King~Dhovemi~Dharumavantha_Rasgefaanu color:kelleygreen from:1166 till:1185 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Muthey from:1185 till:1193 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Ali_I from:1193 till:1199 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Dhinei from:1199 till:1214 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Dhihei from:1214 till:1233 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Wadi from:1233 till:1258 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Valla~Dio from:1258 till:1264 shift:($dx,85) text:Sultan~Hudhei from:1264 till:1266 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Aima from:1266 till:1268 shift:($dx,85) text:Sultan~Hali_I from:1268 till:1269 shift:($dx,120) text:Sultan~Keimi from:1269 till:1278 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Audha from:1278 till:1288 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Hali_II from:1288 till:1294 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Yoosuf_I from:1294 till:1302 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Salis from:1302 till:1307 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Davud from:1307 till:1341 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Omar_I from:1341 till:1347 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultan~Ahmed~Shihabuddine from:1347 till:1363 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultana~Khadijah color:magenta from:1363 till:1364 shift:($dx,95) text:Sultan~Mohamed~el-Jameel from:1364 till:1374 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultana~Khadijah color:magenta from:1374 till:1376 shift:($dx,120) text:Sultan~Abdullah_I from:1376 till:1380 shift:($dx,55) text:Sultana~Khadijah color:magenta from:1380 till:1380 shift:($dx,85) text:Sultana~Raadhafathi from:1380 till:1385 shift:($dx,135) text:Sultan~Mohamed_I from:1385 till:1388 shift:($dx,45) text:Sultana~Dhaain from:1388 till:1388 shift:($dx,155) text:Sultan~Abdullah_II from:1388 till:1388 shift:($dx,185) text:Sultan~Osman_I

width=20%NameRegnal Namewidth=10%Monarch fromwidth=10%Monarch untilwidth=44%Notes
King Mahaabarana Adeettiya (Koimala)Maanaabarana11171141Svasti Sri Somavamsa Adipati Sri Theemuge Sri Maha Parama Aditya Maha Radun became the first king to rule over the whole of Maldives after reclaiming the northern atolls from the Indian invaders.
King Dhovemi
Later Sultan Muhammad al-Adil [4]
Siri Bavanditta Maha Radun11411165Reigned as a Buddhist until 1153. Son of Henevi Maava Kilege, sister of Koimala. A member of the Soma or Homa (Lunar) dynasty. Converted to Islam in 1153, assumed the title Sultan and founded the Theemuge dynasty. He was the famous Dharumavantha Radun or the Benevolent King.
Sultan Mute KalaminjaBavana Abaruna Maha Radun11651184Mother's sister's son of Dhovemi
Sultan Ali b. Reke HiriyaDammara-nanda Maha Radun11841192
Sultan Dinei KalaminjaFanaditta Maha Radun11921198The Lōmāfānu was written during Sultan Dhinei's reign
Sultan Dihei KalaminjaDagata Abaruna Maha Radun11981213Brother of Sultan Dhinei I.
Sultan Wati KalaminhaDagata Suvara Maha Radun12131232Brother of Sultans Dhinei I and Dhinei II.
Sultan (Unnamed) KalaminjaRada-rada Suvara Maha Radun12321257Brother of Sultans Dhinei I, Dhinei II and Wadi.
Sultan Hudei KalaminjaVira Abaruna Maha Radun12571263
Sultan Aima KalaminjaLoka Suvara Maha Radun12631265
Sultan Hiley (Ali) KalaminjaSinja Abaruna Maha Radun12651267
Sultan Kalaminja b. AydageMadini Survara Maha Radun12671268
Sultan Uda (Auda) KalaminjaArida Suvara Maha Radun12681277Son of Sultan Wadi
Sultan Ali KalamnijaArida Suvara Maha Radun12771287Son of Sultan Audha
Sultan Yoosuf KalamnijaBavana Aditta Maha Radun12871293Brother of Sultan Hali II
Sultan Salah al-Din b. YusufSome Sivara Maha Radun12931301Son of Sultan Yoosuf I
Sultan Da'ud b. YusufSundura Bavana Maha Radun13011306Son of Sultan Yoosuf I
Sultan Umar Vira (Abu Fath Jalal al-Din)Loka Abaruna Maha Radun13061340Son of Sultan Salis
Sultan Shihab al-Din AhmadLoka Aditta Maha Radun13401347Son of Sultan Omar I, deposed, banished and assassinated by sister Khadijah[5]
Sultana Rehindi Kabadi Kilege (Khadija)Rada Abaruna Maha Radun13471362Deposed by her first husband Mohamed el-Jameel
Sultan Mohamed el-JamilBavana Suja Maha Radun13621363First Husband of Sultana Khadijah. Assassinated by estranged wife Khadijah. He was nicknamed Handsome Mohamed.
Sultana Rehendi (Khadijah)Rada Abaruna Maha Radun13631373Second reign on assassination of first husband Sultan Mohamed el-Jameel. Deposed for a second time by her second husband Abdullah.
Sultan Abdullah KilegeDammaru Aaditta Maha Radun13731376Second husband of Sultana Khadijah. Assassinated by wife Khadijah
Sultana Rehendi (Khadijah)Rada Abaruna Maha Radun13761379Third reign
Sultana Radafati (Adafate) Kabadi KilegeSoma Aburana Maha Radun13791380Daughter of Sultan Omar I, half sister of Sultana Khadijah. Deposed by husband Mohamed.
Sultan Mohamed b. KaiSundura Abaruna Maha Radun13801384Husband of Sultana Raadhafathi.
Sultana Da'inu Kabadi KilegeNatta Abaruna Maha Radun13851388Daughter of Sultan Mohamed I. Deposed by husband Abdullah.
Sultan AbdullahSoma Abaruna Maha Radun13881388Husband of Sultana Dhaain. Some records call him a Regent (Henevi-rasge).
Sultan Uthman al-FahandaviSundura Aditta Maha Radun13881388Former Imam to Raadhafathi and Dhaain. Last of the Lunar dynasty.

Hilaalee dynasty

Sultan

See main article: Hilaalee dynasty.

  1. Hilalee Dynasty Timeline
  2. All measures are in pixels

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DateFormat = yyyyPeriod = from:1386 till:1636TimeAxis = orientation:horizontalScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1388

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  2. so shift texts up or down manually to avoid overlap

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width=20%NameRegnal Namewidth=10%Monarch fromwidth=10%Monarch untilwidth=44%Notes
Sultan Hassan IBavana13881398First of the Hilaaly dynasty. Son of Golhaavahi Kambulo (Kalavahi Kabulo) and Kulhiveri Hilaalu Kaeulhanna Kaloge son of Muslim Abbas of Hulhule.
Sultan Ibrahim IDhammaru Veeru13981398Son of Sultan Hassan I. Deposed by his uncle Hussain.
Sultan Hussain ILoka Veeru13981409Brother of Sultan Hassan I. Assumed the throne after deposing his nephew Sultan Ibrahim I.
Sultan NasiruddineVeeru Abaarana14091411Introduced the Islamic penal code. Possibly a member of the Lunar dynasty
Sultan Hassan IIKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)14111411Drowned in a tank.
Sultan IsaBavana Sundhura14111411Brother of Sultan Hassan II.
Sultan Ibrahim IDhammaru Veeru14111421Second reign, first reigned in 1398.
Sultan Osman IIDhammaru Loaka14211421Son of Sultan Osman I.
Sultan Danna MohamedRaadha Bavana14211421Uncle of Sultan's Hassan I and Hussain I. Prime Minister to Osman I
Sultan Yoosuf IILoka Aananadha14211443
Sultan Aboobakuru IBavana Sooja14431443Son of Sultan Hassan I half brother of Sultan Yoosuf II. Killed in battle with the Portuguese who came to summon the Council of Ministers of the Maldives to Cochin.
Sultan Hasan IIIRaadha Veeru14431467Son of Sultan Aboobakuru I. Deposed by Sayyid Mohamed while abroad.
Sultan Sayyid MohamedKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)14671467Deposed by Sultan Hassan III upon returning to Maldives.
Sultan Hasan IIIRaadha Veeru14671468Second reign.
Sultan Mohamed IIBavana Abaarana14681480Son of Sultan Hasan III.
Sultan Hassan IVRaadha Loka14801480Son of Sultan Mohamed II. Deposed by Omar II.
Sultan Omar IILoka Sundhura14801484Son of Sultan Yoosuf II.
Sultan Hassan VRaadha Aanandha14841485Son of Sultan Omar II.
Sultan Hassan IVRaadha Loka14851491Second reign.
Sultan Hassan VIRaadha Fanaveeru14911492Grandson of Sultan Aboobakuru I.
Sultan Ibrahim IIBavana Furasuddha14921492Son of Omar II.
Sultan Kalu Mohamed[6] Dhammaru Bavana14921492Son of Sultan Omar II. Deposed by his brother Yoosuf.
Sultan Yoosuf IIIVeeru Aanandha14921493Son of Sultan Omar II.
Sultan Ali IIAudha Veeru14931495Grandson of Sultan Hassan I.
Sultan Kalu MohamedDhammaru Bavana14951510Second reign. Son of Sultan Omar II Deposed for a second time, this time by his nephew Hassan.
Sultan Hassan VIISinga Veeeru15101511Son of Sultan Yoosuf III.
Sultan Sharif AhmedSuddha Bavana15111513An Arab from Mecca. Possible descendant of Muhammad.
Sultan Ali IIIAanandha15131513Killed in a duel with his sister Burecca (Buraki Raani). Grandson of Sultan Aboobakuru I. Son of Mohamed Farhana Kalo and Recca daughter of Aboobakuru I
Sultan Kalu MohamedDhammaru Bavana15131529Third accession assisted by his wife Queen Burecca who killed her brother Ali III
Sultan Hassan VIIIRan Mani Loka15291549Son of Sultan Kalu Mohamed and Fatuma Dio, a concubine from Shiraz in Persia.
Sultan Mohamed IIISinga Bavana15491551Assassinated by his brother Hassan succeeded him. Son of Golhavahi Aysha Rani Kilege and Omar Maafaiy Kilege son of Kalu Mohamed and Aysha Rani Kilege daughter of Korari Kilege. Therefore, Grandson of Sultan Kalu Mohamed.
Sultan Hassan IXDhirukusa Loka15511552Brother of Mohamed III. He was the first Maldivian and only member of its royalty to renounce Islam and convert to Christianity. He was deposed upon conversion, and known subsequently by the Lusitanian name of Dom Manoel.
Interregnum15521554Maldives ruled by a Council of Ministers.
Sultan Aboobakuru IIAsaalees Loka15541557Son of Ibrahim Faarhana Kilege and Sanfa Dio. Former Prime Minister to Dom Manoel.
Sultan Ali IVAudha Siyaaka Katthiri15571558Killed in battle. Son of Prime Minister Abdur Rahman Dorhimeyna Kaloge and Sitti Rani Kilege. He was married to Princess Aysha Rani Kilege, aunt of Dom Manoel and daughter of Kalu Mohamed.
King Dom ManoelDhirikusa Loka (in absentia)15581573Restored as the king. Formerly known as Sultan Hassan IX. A Maldivian Catholic named Andiri Andirin acted as his regent, while Manoel lived in Goa.
Interregnum15731573Maldives ruled by Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan of Utheemu after he assassinated Andiri Andirin, the regent of King Dom Manoel. As per a treaty he got refuge from Ali Raja of Cannanore, Mohamed Thakurufan's base of operation was Minicoy under the sovereignty of Cannanore. Keteeb Mohamed Thakurufan did not honour this promise. The Ali Raja demanded dominion over the Maldives, as promised to him by the Kateeb of Uteem.
The nature of the relationship between Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan and the Ali Raja of Cannanore was outlined in a letter sent by a later Ali Raja, Mariambe Ali-Adi Raja Bibi, to the Sultan Mohamed Mueenuddine I of the Maldives. The letter was dated Friday 17 Jamada-el-oula Anno Hegirae 1243 (7 December AD 1827). According to the letter Mohamed Thakurufan had entered into a treaty ceding sovereignty of the Maldives to the Ali Raja of Cannanore in the event Thakurufan was established in power in Male. (refer page 294 of Divehi Tarikh).
King Dom ManoelDhirikusa Loka15731583Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan concluded a Treaty with King Dom Manoel in order to ward off the Ali Raja of Cannanore with whose help the Kateeb seized power in Male.

Under the treaty, Dom Manoel was restored but remained in Goa. The co-regents were Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan of Utheem and his brother Hassan Thakurufan. The kateeb conferred on himself the title of sultan in 1583 upon Dom Manoel's death. This was in breach of the Treaty and was not legally binding.

King Dom JoãoKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)15831603Son of King Manoel, who remained in Goa. He had two brothers, Dom Francisco and Dom Pedro. Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan and his brother Hassan Thakurufan ruled for King Dom João as co-regents. Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan assumed the title of Sultan following the death of King Dom Manoel. He married a Portuguese Christian noblewoman, Donna Francisca Vasconelles and had two children, Dom Philippe and Dona Inez.

Ibrahim, also known as Kalaafaan[7] (literally "Lord") was the de facto sultan, but legally the regent of Kings Dom João and Dom Philippe who resided in Goa. He reigned from 1585 to 1609. Son of Mohamed Thakurufan, kateeb of Utheemu and Rehendiye Goyye daughter of Cat Fatima of Boarhi Woods in Baarah.

Ibrahim Kalaafaan was the regent at the time of François Pyrard de Laval's detainment in the Maldives after the shipwreck.

King Dom PhilippeKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)16031632Son of King Dom João and Donna Francisca Vasconelles.

Al-Amira Kuda Kalu Kamanafaanu acted as regent from 1607 until 1609.

She was the daughter of Hassan Thakurufaan and Sitti Maryam Maavaa Kuda Kamanafaanu Rani Kilege, daughter of Sultan Ali VI, Sultan of the Maldives, by his wife, Princess Aisha Kabafa'anu, daughter of Sultan Kalu Mohamed

Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege acted as regent from 1609 to 1620.

Muhammad Imaduddin I acted as regent from 1620 to 1632. De-recognised in the Maldives after an abortive expedition with Portuguese assistance in order to abolish regency and assume power.

Utheemu dynasty

Sultan

See main article: Utheemu dynasty.

width=20%NameRegnal Namewidth=10%Monarch fromwidth=10%Monarch untilwidth=44%Notes
Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin IKula Sundhura Katthiri Bavana16321648Legally proclaimed sultan in 1632 former regent for King Dom Philippe.
Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar IKula Ran Meeba Katthiri Bavana16481687Son of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin I.
Sultan Kuda MuhammadManiranna Loka16871691Son of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar I. His mother Princess Maryam acted as regent due to his age. Killed with his mother while at sea in an explosion.
Sultan Muhammad MohyeddineNaakiree Sundhura16911692Re-established the Islamic penal code. Son of Dharanboodhoo Kadida Dio and Abu Naibu Hassan Dorhimeyna Kilege son of the Regent Hussain Famuladeyri Kilege.

Hamavi dynasty

Sultan

width=20%NameRegnal Namewidth=10%Monarch fromwidth=10%Monarch until. width=44%Notes
Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen IMikaalha Madhaadheettha16921692Arab mentor of Sultan Muhammad Mohyeddine. He first visited Male during the reign of Ibrahim Iskandar I. He was Probably poisoned to death. He coutured the re-establishment of the Islamic Penal code held by the previous Sultan Muhammad Mohyeddine and assigned Scholars to teach in Mosques. In his Sultanate Maldives was very peaceful and citizens became educated and religious. (refer page 67 to 69 of Divehi Tarikh)

Dhevvadhoo dynasty

Sultan

width=20%NameRegnal Namewidth=10%Monarch fromwidth=10%Monarch untilwidth=44%Notes
Sultan Mohamed IVKula Ran Mani16921701First Sultan of the Dhevvadhoo dynasty.[8] Popularly known as Dhevvadhoo Rasgefaanu,[9] son of Ali Mafahaiy Kilege of Dhevvadhoo and Kakuni Dio. Sultan Mohamed IV was married to Khadheeja Kanba, daughter of Ibrahim Shah Bandar of Isdhoo (Isdhoo Bodu Velaanaa Thakurufaan)

Isdhoo dynasty

Sultan

width=20%NameRegnal Namewidth=10%Monarch fromwidth=10%Monarch untilwidth=44%Notes
Sultan Ali VKula Ran Muiy17011701First Sultan of the Isdhoo dynasty. Son of Ibrahim Shah Bandar Kilege of Isdhoo and Aysha Dio.
Sultan Hasan XKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)17011701Son of Sultan Ali V. Deposed by his cousin Ibrahim Mudzhiruddine. He is not listed in Radhavalhi, the official chronicle.
Sultan Ibrahim MudzhiruddineMuthey Ran Mani Loka17011704Cousin of Sultan Hasan X. Deposed by his Prime Minister Muhammad Imaduddin during the regency of his spouse, Fatima Kabafa'anu, while on the Hajj pilgrimage.

Dhiyamigili dynasty

Sultan

See main article: Dhiyamigili dynasty.

width=20%NameRegnal Namewidth=10%Monarch fromwidth=10%Monarch untilwidth=44%Notes
Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin IIKula Sundhura Siyaaka Saasthura17041720Prime Minister to Sultan Ibrahim Mudzhiruddine. First of the Dhiyamigili dynasty. Son of Ibrahim Dorhimeyna Kaloge and Amina Dio.
Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar IIRannava Loka17201750Son of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin II and Amina Dio of Fenfushi.
Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin IIINavaranna Keerithi17501757Son of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin II and Amina Dio of Fenfushi. Held captive on Kavaratti island from 1752 until his death in 1757. In 1752 he was seized by the Ali Raja of Cannanore and transported to Kavaratti island in the Laccadives. Male was occupied. The occupation was ended by Muleegey Dom Hassan Maniku, a direct descendant of the penultimate Christian King Joao. The sultan died in captivity. During this time Maldives was ruled by the captive sultan's niece Amina I of Maldives and his daughter, Amina II. The de facto regent was Muleegey Dom Hassan Maniku.
Interregnum17571759Regency continued in expectation of the return of the deceased sultan's heir from captivity.
Sultana Amina I17531754Daughter of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II. Amina assumed the role of the ruler (regent) of Maldives in 1753 after Male was recaptured from the Malabars after 17 weeks of occupation. She was the daughter of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II and Aisha Manikfan. She abdicated the throne and moved to Addu Atoll in the south. She was later banished to various islands and eventually became the Ruler of Maldives for the second time as the regent during the reign of her younger brother Sultan Mohamed Ghiyasuddin in 1773.
Sultana Amina II17571759Daughter of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin III. Amina succeeded her cousin in 1754 as nominal regent for her absent father the age of nine, while Muleegey Hassan Manikfaan managed the political affairs as de facto regent. Her father died in 1757 in Minicoy, after which she formally became monarch and queen regnant. In 1759 Sultan Hassan Izzuddin became monarch because the citizens did not approve of a young female as their head.

Huraa dynasty

Sultan

See main article: Huraa dynasty.

width=20%NameRegnal Namewidth=10%Monarch fromwidth=10%Monarch untilwidth=44%Notes
Sultan Hasan 'Izz ud-dinKula Ran Meeba Audha Keerithi Katthiri Bavana17591766Muleegey Dom Hassan Maniku or Don Bandaara was the first Sultan of the Huraa Dynasty. Son of Amina Dio daughter of Mohamed Kateeb of Muli and Huraa Mohamed Faamuladeyri Thakurufan.

Dhiyamigili dynasty (restored)

Sultan

width=20%NameRegnal Namewidth=10%Monarch fromwidth=10%Monarch untilwidth=44%Notes
Sultan Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-dinKula Ranmani Keerithi17661774Son of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II. Deposed while on the Hajj pilgrimage
Interregnum17731773Regency by Sultans elder sister Amina I. Her husband Ali Shahbandar took power during the regency, and Dhiyamigili dynasty lost the throne in the cascade of events that followed. Mohamed Manikfaan of Huraa usurped the throne and later abdicated in favour of his nephew who became Sultan Muizzuddin. Amina and her husband were banished to a remote island in Laamu Atoll.

Huraa dynasty (first restoration)

Sultan

width=20% NameRegnal Namewidth=10% Monarch fromwidth=10% Monarch untilwidth=44% Notes
Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen IIKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)17741774Uncle of Sultan Hasan 'Izz ud-din.
Sultan Muhammad Mu'iz ud-dinKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)17741779Son of Sultan Hasan 'Izz ud-din. Popularly known as Kalhu Bandaarain
Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen IKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)17791799Brother of Sultan Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din.
Sultan Muhammad Mueenuddeen IKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)17991835Son of Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen I.
Sultan Muhammad Imaaduddeen IVKula Sudha Ira Siyaaka Saasthura Audha Keerithi Katthiri Bovana18351882Son of Sultan Muhammad Mueenuddeen I.
Sultan Ibrahim NooraddeenKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)18821886Abdicated in favor of his nephew Muhammad Mueenuddeen.
Sultan Muhammad Mueenuddeen IIKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)18861888Abdicated in favour of his uncle the former Sultan Ibrahim Nooraddeen.
Sultan Ibrahim NooraddeenKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)18881892Second reign.
Sultan Muhammad Imaaduddeen VKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)18921893His cousin Hassan Nooreddine Maandhoogey Manippulu acted as his regent due to his age. The regent abdicated in his name in favour of his older half brother.
Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen IIIKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)18931893Brother of Sultan Muhammad Imaaduddeen V. His cousin Hassan Nooreddine Maandhoogey Manippulu acted as his regent due to his age. His cousin abdicated in his name and assumed the throne himself.
Sultan Muhammad Imaaduddeen VIKeerithi Maha Radun (no coronation)18931902Former regent for Sultans Muhammad Imaaduddeen V and Muhammad Shamsuddeen III. Deposed while in the Ottoman Empire.
Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen IIIKula Sundhura Katthiri Bavana19021934Second reign which ended when he was deposed and exiled.
Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen IIKula Sudha Ira Siyaaka Saasthura Audha Keerithi Katthiri Bavana19351943Forced to abdicate.
Interregnum19441952Abdul Majeed Didi was elected Sultan but was never installed and continued to live in Ceylon. Maldives ruled by Council of Regency headed for a time by former Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen II. Following the death of Abdul Majeed, and after a national referendum, the Maldives became a republic.

First Republic of Maldives

President

Political parties
PortraitName
ElectionTerm of officePartyVice President
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1Mohamed Amin Didi
19521 January 19532 September 1953Rayyithunge Muthagaddim PartyIbrahim Muhammad Didi
2Ibrahim Muhammad Didi
2 September 19537 March 1954Rayyithunge Muthagaddim PartyVacant

Second Republic of Maldives

President

Political parties

PortraitName
ElectionTerm of officePartyVice President
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
3Ibrahim Nasir
196811 November 196811 November 197810 yearsIndependentOffice abolished
1973Abdul Sattar Moosa Didi
Ahmad Hilmy Didi
Ibrahim Shihab
Ali Maniku[10] [11] [12]
Hassan Zareer[13]
4Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
197811 November 197811 November 200830 yearsIndependent
Office vacant
1983
1988
1993
1998
2003
Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party
5Mohamed Nasheed
200811 November 20087 February 2012[14] Maldivian Democratic PartyMohammed Waheed Hassan
6Mohammed Waheed Hassan
7 February 2012[15] 17 November 2013Gaumee ItthihaadMohammed Waheed Deen
7Abdulla Yameen
201317 November 201317 November 20185 yearsProgressive Party of MaldivesMohamed Jameel Ahmed
Ahmed Adeeb
Abdulla Jihad
8Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
201817 November 201817 November 20235 yearsMaldivian Democratic PartyFaisal Naseem
9Mohamed Muizzu
202317 November 2023IncumbentPeople's National CongressHussain Mohamed Latheef

See also

Notes

References

  1. Mohamed . Naseema . First Settlers . Note on the Early History of the Maldive Island. 2005 . 70 . 1 . 7–14 . 10.3406/arch.2005.3970 .
  2. Mohamed. Naseema. First Settlers. Note on the Early History of the Maldives. 2005 . 70 . 1 . 7–14 . 10.3406/arch.2005.3970 .
  3. Mohamed . Naseema . 2002 . Pre-Islamic Maldives . live . Man and Environment Journal of the Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies . 27 . 1 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231110113920/https://www.qaumiyyath.gov.mv/docs/whitepapers/history/Pre-Islamic%20Maldives.pdf . 10 November 2023 . 10 November 2023.
  4. Book: Taj al-Din, Hasan. The Maldivian chronicle Ta'rikh.
  5. The Rehla of Ibn Battuta. Maldives. 31 October 1976 .
  6. M. dos Santos Alves. Jorge. Archipel . Kalu Muhammad Hilali, Sultan of the Maldives (1491-1528). 2005 . 70 . 53–65 . 10.3406/arch.2005.3972 .
  7. Francois. Payard. The voyage of Francois Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil. The Maldives.
  8. Web site: Decedents of Sultan Mudzuhiruddine - Isdhoo Dynasty . Galehiri.
  9. Web site: Coral Stone Mosques of Maldives. UNESCO World Heritage. Centre. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  10. Web site: CIACRS . Chiefs of state and cabinet members of foreign governments . https://web.archive.org/web/20170123023341/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP86T00608R000100240039-4.pdf . dead . January 23, 2017 . www.cia.gov.
  11. Web site: 27 December 2015 . State Dignitary Abdul Sattar Moosa Didi passes away; National Flag to be flown at half-mast . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231110113352/https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/16119 . 10 November 2023 . 10 November 2023 . The President's Office.
  12. Web site: vnews - Abdul Sattar Moosa Didi passes away. 22 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180922173701/http://vnews.mv/54702. 22 September 2018. dead.
  13. Web site: Asia Yearbook. 27 September 1978. Far Eastern Economic Review. Google Books.
  14. News: 7 February 2012 . Maldives President Mohamed Nasheed resigns amid unrest . BBC News . live . 7 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231110114418/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16922570 . 10 November 2023.
  15. Maldives' VP Hassan Takes Oath as President . Associated Press . Time . 7 February 2012 . 7 February 2012 . Male, Maldives . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120207081638/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2106291,00.html . 7 February 2012 . dmy-all .
  16. Web site: Maldive Sovereigns from AD 1117. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130512010818/http://www.maldivesroyalfamily.com/maldives_kings_list.full.shtml#list. 12 May 2013.