List of headgear explained
Headgear is worn for many purposes, including protection against the elements, decoration, or for religious or cultural reasons, including social conventions. This is a list of headgear, both modern and historical.
Hats
Worn in the past, or rarely worn today
Men's
- American fiber helmet – for use in tropical regions; similar to pith helmet
- Anthony Eden hat
- Beaver hat
- Beefeaters' hat
- Bicorne
- Boater, also basher, skimmer
- Boss of the plains
- Bowler, also coke hat, billycock, boxer, bun hat, derby
- Busby
- Bycocket – a hat with a wide brim that is turned up in the back and pointed in the front
- Cabbage-tree hat – a hat woven from leaves of the cabbage tree
- Capotain (and women) – a tall conical hat, 17th century, usually black – also, copotain, copatain
- Caubeen – Irish hat
- Cavalier hat, also chevaliers – wide-brimmed hat trimmed with ostrich plumes
- Chapeau-bras, also chapeau-de-bras – 18th- to early-19th-century folding bicorne hat carried under one arm
- Chaperon – a series of hats that evolved in 14th- and 15th-century Europe from the medieval hood of the same name
- Cocked hat
- Colback – a fur headpiece of Turkish origin
- Deerstalker – hunting cap with fold-down ears, associated with Sherlock Holmes, Elmer Fudd, Holden Caulfield, and Ignatius Reilly
- Arakhchin
- Fez
- Hanfu hats and headwear – ancient Chinese hats
- Homburg
- Kolpik
- Labbadeh
- Kurkhars
- Litham
- Malahai
- Gugiuman
- Işlic
- Panama hat
- Papakha
- Pava
- Peci
- Pith helmet – for use in tropical regions; the American fiber helmet is a version of it
- Pork pie hat
- Shovel hat
- Sidara – national Iraqi headgear
- Shtreimel
- Sombrero
- Spodik
- Keffiyah or sudra
- Papal tiara – a hat traditionally worn by the Pope, which has been abandoned in recent decades, in favor of the mitre
- Top hat, also stovepipe hat, chimney pot hat, lum hat, or (in collapsible form) gibus
- Tricorne
- Trilby, sometimes (incorrectly) called "fedora"
- Wideawake hat
- Umbrella hat
Women's
- Bandeau hat
- Beaver hat
- Beehive
- Bergère hat
- Ba tầm
- Bloomer
- Bongrace – a velvet-covered headdress, stiffened with buckram – 16th century
- Breton – originating in 19th-century France, a lightweight hat, usually in straw, with upturned brim all the way round
- Capeline – 18th–19th century
- Capotain (and men) – a tall conical hat, 17th century, usually black – also, copotain, copatain
- Cartwheel hat – low crown, wide stiff brim
- Cocktail hat
- Doll hat – a scaled-down hat, usually worn tilted forward on the head
- Gainsborough hat – a very large hat often elaborately decorated with plumes, flowers, and trinkets
- Half hat – a millinery design that only covers part of the head and may be stiffened fabric or straw
- Hennin
- Kokoshnik
- Nón lá
- Ochipok
- Pamela hat
- Pussyhat - a pink, knitted hat created in large numbers by thousands of participants involved with the United States 2017 Women's March
- Tantour
Unclassified
Caps
Caps worn by men in the past, or rarely worn today
Caps worn by women in the past
Caps worn on ceremonial occasions
Bonnets
Bonnets for women
- Cabriolet
- Capote – soft crown, rigid brim, nineteenth century
- Chip bonnet
- Gypsy bonnet – shallow to flat crown, saucer shaped, and worn by tying it on with either a scarf or sash, under the chin, or at the nape of the neck – nineteenth Century
- Kiss-me-quick
- Leghorn bonnet
- Mourning bonnet
- Poke bonnet – Early nineteenth century, "Christmas Carol" style, with a cylindrical crown and broad funnel brim
- Ugly – a kind of retractable visor that could be attached to bonnets for extra protection from the sun, nineteenth century
Bonnets for men
Hoods
See main article: Hood (headgear).
- Bashlyk
- Bongrace, the stiffened back of the hood when flipped over the forehead to provide shade; also a separate headdress to provide shade, worn with a hood or coif, Tudor/Elizabethan
- Bonnet head
- Capirote, traditionally worn by the Nazarenos of a Spanish Brotherhood during solemn penitence
- Chaperon (headgear) adaptable late Middle Ages "dead-chicken" hood and hat
- Flemish hood
- French hood
- Gable hood
- Hood – modern or historical, attached to tops or shirts, overcoats, cloaks, etc.
- Liripipe
- Mary Queen of Scots
- Medieval hood
- Mourning hood
- Riding hood
- Stuart hood
Headbands, headscarves, wimples
Masks, veils and headgear that covers the face
Other headdress
Women's
Men's
- Arab headdress
- A white cap or skullcap: * taqiya, also tagiyah, gahfiah
- covered by the flowing scarf: ghutrah, also gutra, smagh, shmagh, kaffiyeh, kufiyyeh, keffiyeh, keffiyah, kaffiye, keffiya
- Kept in place by a band around the cap and scarf: igal, also egal, agal, aqal, ogal
- Bandana, also bandanna
- Do-rag
- Stocking cap
- Topor – Bengali men's wedding headgear
- Upe
- Visor
Jeweled
Wigs
Headgear organised by function
Religious
Buddhist
Christian
Hindu
Jewish
- Havalim (חֲבָליִם) ropes that are referenced in Kings I 20:31. Used as a sign of mourning.
- Kashket
- Kippah or yarmulke
- Kolpik
- Migba'at was likely a cone-shaped Turban. This turban was likely only worn in the context of the priesthood and is cited in Exodus 27:20–30.
- Mitpaḥat is a scarf that is worn on the head or hair, by some married women. Some wear scarves only during prayers, and others wear them in public.
- Mitznefet was most likely a classic circular turban. This is derived from the fact that Hebrew word Mitznefet comes from the root "to wrap." This turban was likely only worn in the context of the priesthood and is cited in Exodus 27:20–30.
- Pe’er mentioned in Ezekiel 24: 17;23. In verse 17, Ezekiel commands the Israelites to “wrap their” Pe’ers around their heads. In verse 23, Ezekiel tells the Israelite that their Pe’er's "shall remain on your heads.” ("Pe'er" (which translates into "splendor") is usually used to refer to phylacteries (tefillin))
- Sheitel is a wig worn by some married women in order to maintain marital modesty in public
- Shtreimel
- Spodik
- Gargush
- Sudra (סודרא) is a headdress, similar to the keffiyah worn by Jewish men in the ancient near-east.
Muslim
Sikh
Military and police
- Barretina
- Bearskin
- Beefeaters' hat
- Beret
- Bersagliere
- Bicorne
- Boonie hat
- Busby
- Campaign hat, also drill instructor hat, drill sergeant hat, ranger hat, sergeant hat, Smokey Bear hat
- Cap comforter, a woollen hat associated with British Commandos
- Cappello Alpino, hat worn by the Alpini troops of the Italian Army
- Caubeen
- Chapeau-bras, also chapeau de bras – 18th to early-19th-century folding bicorne hat carried under one arm
- Combination cap, also service cap, combination cover, peaked cap
- Custodian helmet, headwear of the British police officer, ranks of Sergeant and Constable
- Czapka
- Fur wedge cap "Envelope Busby" or Astrakhan, worn by Officer Cadets of the Royal Military College of Canada
- Feather bonnet
- Flying helmet – closely fitting solid helmet designed to resist impacts within the cockpit of military aircraft – colloquially known as a 'bone dome
- Garrison cap, also campaign cap, wedge cap, flight cap, garrison hat, overseas cap, side cap, field service cap
- Glengarry, also Glengarry bonnet, Glengarry cap
- Hardee hat
- Helmet
- Jeep cap
- Kartus – a peakless cap worn by the Swedish army during the Great Northern War. Called the Kabuds by the Danish and Norwegians and the Kartooze by the Russians, nations which also adopted it
- Kepi
- Mirliton – a high tubular concave hat with a "wing", worn by hussars in the 18th and early 19th centuries
- Mitre
- Patrol cap
- Pickelhaube – a spiked German leather helmet.
- Sailor cap, also known as "white hat" or "dixie cup" in the US Navy
- Shako
- Shaguma - Yak-hair headdress used by early Imperial Japanese Army generals
- Slouch hat – One side of hat droops down as opposed to the other which is pinned against the side of the crown
- Tarleton Cap – A leather helmet with a large crest. Popular with cavalry and light infantry in the late 18th and early 19th century. Named after British military commander, Banastre Tarleton.
- Tricorn – Three-cornered hat synonymous with the 18th century. Worn by musketeers, dragoons and cuirassiers of all western armies, also often by French grenadiers (which was uncommon considering that most grenadiers at the time wore mitres or bearskins).
- War bonnet, the feathered headdress worn warriors and chiefs of Plains Indians.
Officials and civil workers
China (historical)
Vietnam (historical)
Other specialist headgear
National dress; association with a country, people and religion
- Aso Oke Hat – Yoruba people
- Barretina – Catalan
- Bearskin hat
- Beret – French, Basque
- Bhatgaunle Topi – Nepal
- Blangkon – Javanese
- Breton, also Bretonne
- Chupalla – Chilean
- Chullo – Peruvian
- Clop – Romanian
- Coolie hat
- Coonskin hat – American frontiersman
- Cork hat – Australia
- Cossack hat
- Dogon hat – Dogon people, West Africa
- Feathered headdress – Native American
- Flat cap – English people and Irish people
- Four Winds hat – Sami people
- Fulani hat – Fula people, West Africa
- Glengarry bonnet
- Għonnella or Faldetta – Maltese
- Haida hat
- Irish walking hat – Irish people
- Kimeshek - Kazakhstan, Karakalpakstan and Kyrgyzstan
- Kofia – Swahili people, East Africa
- Kufi – West Africa
- Leopard cap – Igbo people, West Africa
- Mandarin hat – Chinese
- Mokorotlo – Basotho/Lesotho
- Montenegrin cap – Montenegrins, Serbs
- Lungee (Afghan Turban) - Pashtun people, Afghanistan
- Pakol – Pashtun people, Afghanistan
- Phrygian cap – Roman, French
- Qeleshe – Albanian
- Šajkača – Serbian
- Salakot – Filipino
- Shreepech – Traditional Crown of Monarch of Nepal
- Slouch hat, also digger hat, Australia and New Zealand
- Songkok – Malay-speaking peoples of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore
- Tam o'shanter – Scottish
- Tarboosh
- Tembel hat - Israel
- Topor – Bengali men's wedding headgear
- Turban
- Tuque or toque – Canadian, esp. French-Canadian/Québécois
- Upe - Bougainville
- Ushanka – Russian
- Welsh hat
- Witch hat - Galician
- Zulu crown – Zulu people, Southern Africa, see kufi for information
By ethnicity
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
Mongol
Vietnamese
See also
Notes and References
- Book: Chico. Beverly. Hats and Headwear around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia. 2013. ABC-CLIO LLC. Santa Barbara, California. 9781610690621. 211–12. 13 November 2014.
- Book: Lewandowski, Elizabeth J.. The complete costume dictionary. 2011. Scarecrow Press, Inc.. Lanham, Md.. 9780810840041. 243.
- Book: 0-08-028492-2. The Concise Scots Dictionary. Aberdeen University Press. 296. 1987.
