List of blues musicians explained

Blues musicians are musical artists who are primarily recognized as writing, performing, and recording blues music. They come from different eras and include styles such as ragtime-vaudeville, Delta and country blues, and urban styles from Chicago and the West Coast. In the last several decades, blues music has developed a less regional character and has been influenced by rhythm and blues, rock, and other popular music.

Pre-1940 blues

Name! scope="col" width=10% data-sort-type=number
Birth
year
Death
year
OriginPrimary style
19041994OhioCountry blues
19001954TexasCountry blues
UnknownAlabamaClassic female blues
19071949IllinoisBoogie woogie
19001974South CarolinaPiedmont blues
1901*1968GeorgiaAcoustic blues
Barbecue Bob19021931GeorgiaAcoustic blues
19051960sAlabamaPiedmont blues
19071960PennsylvaniaVaudeville blues
Black Ace19051972TexasCountry blues
19031962North CarolinaUrban blues
18961934FloridaPiedmont blues
18971948MississippiClassic female blues
19091990South CarolinaCountry blues
19091947TennesseeCountry blues
1893*1958MississippiUrban blues
1899UnknownNew YorkClassic female blues
19001952MississippiDelta blues
Bumble Bee Slim19051968GeorgiaUrban blues
1883*1979MississippiJug band
19051935TennesseeUrban blues
18981947GeorgiaCountry blues
18871949LouisianaCountry blues
18931987North CarolinaCountry blues
19111976North CarolinaPiedmont blues
1896*1967GeorgiaVaudeville blues
19061975KentuckySt. Louis blues
18961972South CarolinaPiedmont blues
1911*1963MississippiSt. Louis blues
18891963South CarolinaUrban blues
18991993GeorgiaUrban blues
1911*1960*TennesseeMemphis blues
19071969TexasClassic female blues
1899*1977TennesseeCountry blues
18981981LouisianaClassic female blues
1907*1941North CarolinaPiedmont blues
18961976GeorgiaPiedmont blues
1904*1966MississippiUrban blues
19051976MississippiDelta blues
18931970AlabamaClassic female blues
1919*1954MississippiUrban blues
19071974MississippiCountry blues
19021973MississippiDelta blues
1897*1970GeorgiaClassic female blues
18981947TennesseeClassic female blues
1909UnknownMissouriClassic female blues
18951925LouisianaClassic female blues
19021988MississippiDelta blues
18881966GeorgiaCountry blues
18951984TennesseeClassic female blues
1894*1966MississippiCountry blues
1890*1937*MississippiCountry blues
1890*1950*LouisianaCountry blues
19021969MississippiDelta blues
18931929TexasCountry blues
18971945TexasGospel blues
19031988MissouriClassic female blues
18991970LouisianaUrban blues
18981983MississippiClassic female blues
19111938MississippiDelta blues
18961956MississippiDelta blues
18991981TexasCountry blues
1893UnknownArkansasCountry blues
Lead Belly18891949LouisianaCountry blues
1893*1981MississippiCountry blues
19051964IllinoisBoogie woogie
19001963GeorgiaCountry blues
18951976TexasCountry blues
18901932LouisianaClassic female blues
19152006ArkansasDelta blues[1]
1887*1957TennesseeBoogie woogie
19101931GeorgiaCountry blues
18841955KentuckyVaudeville blues
1883UnknownU.S.Country blues
19051950MississippiCountry blues[2]
19091959MississippiDelta blues
19041972TennesseeDelta blues
18951966IllinoisCountry blues
1905UnknownFloridaPiedmont blues
19162006OklahomaBlues[3]
1901*1959GeorgiaCountry blues
Memphis Minnie18971973LouisianaMemphis blues
Mississippi SheiksMississippiCountry blues
19061985LouisianaBarrelhouse blues
18991989TexasBoogie woogie
19141984GeorgiaPiedmont blues
19011965TennesseeCountry blues
19031977TennesseeUrban blues
18911934MississippiDelta blues
19111985GeorgiaBoogie woogie
19161964TexasCountry blues
19051964AlabamaUrban blues
1886*1939GeorgiaClassic female blues
Red Nelson19071970MississippiUrban blues
1972AlabamaBoogie woogie
19031972OklahomaUrban blues
18961956MississippiMemphis blues
19011972VirginiaPiedmont blues
19081985TexasBoogie woogie
19021962MississippiDelta blues
18901958MississippiDelta blues
18941937TennesseeClassic female blues
1894*1935South CarolinaClassic female blues
1885*1940*U.S.Country blues
18831946OhioVaudeville blues
19101935MississippiBoogie woogie
18921973LouisianaBoogie woogie
19061976TexasVaudeville blues
1888*1955TennesseeMemphis blues
19131984ArkansasUrban blues
Tampa Red19041981GeorgiaUrban blues
19061968MississippiDelta blues
18741930*TexasCountry blues
UnknownUnknownLouisianaCountry blues
19092006MississippiSt. Louis blues
19101977North CarolinaPiedmont blues
1933TexasCountry blues
19011975MississippiCountry blues
18981986ArkansasClassic female blues
19101966ArkansasCountry blues
18961977PennsylvaniaUrban blues
19061962GeorgiaCountry blues
1897*1960KentuckyCountry blues
1909UnknownArkansasCountry blues
19021941TennesseeSt. Louis blues
19091977MississippiDelta blues
19081969South CarolinaCountry blues
19031982MississippiDelta blues
19141948TennesseeUrban blues
1910*1957AlabamaPiedmont blues
19031955LouisianaUrban blues[4]
An asterisk (*) denotes that other sources give different dates, origin, or style.

1940–1979 blues

Name! scope="col" width=10% data-sort-type=number
Birth
year
Death
year
OriginPrimary style
IllinoisChicago blues
19171988MississippiElectric blues
19391997ArkansasChicago blues
19272016MississippiUrban blues[5]
19382007South CarolinaSoul blues
19132006North CarolinaCountry blues
19051964TennesseeAcoustic blues
1954TexasElectric blues
19352012FloridaElectric blues
19202007AlabamaChicago blues
19362007MississippiChicago blues
19321996ArkansasChicago blues
1943New YorkAcoustic blues
1942CaliforniaElectric blues
19302013TennesseeSoul blues[6]
1949New JerseyCountry blues
19431981IllinoisElectric blues
Boogie Woogie Red19251985*LouisianaBoogie woogie
19141994MississippiChicago blues
19332017LouisianaElectric blues[7]
19221999TexasWest Coast blues
1924*2005LouisianaElectric blues
1925*1981LouisianaJump blues
19171956TexasMemphis blues
19391988AlabamaElectric blues[8]
19292011MississippiChicago blues
19282012MississippiDetroit blues[9]
19262005MississippiHill country blues
19382016MississippiChicago blues[10]
19421987IllinoisElectric blues
19231953North CarolinaPiedmont blues
1945EnglandElectric blues
19322021ArkansasElectric blues[11]
19321993TexasElectric blues
19371997LouisianaTexas blues
19352017MississippiChicago blues[12]
19141985TexasWest Coast blues
19051974MississippiUrban blues
19122001LouisianaBarrelhouse blues
19321964EnglandElectric blues
19131985MississippiUrban blues
19381991*AlabamaElectric blues
19361994Arkansas*Texas blues
19251995MississippiElectric blues
19362013MississippiChicago blues[13]
19292006TexasWest Coast blues
19151992MississippiChicago blues
1910*1992LouisianaLouisiana blues
19212007AlabamaBarrelhouse blues
19382014MississippiElectric blues[14]
19362009LouisianaElectric blues
19181998VirginiaCountry blues
19152011MississippiElectric blues[15]
1931*1997MississippiDelta blues
19392021LouisianaElectric blues[16]
The Fabulous ThunderbirdsTexasTexas blues
19281995VirginiaAcoustic blues
Forest City Joe19261960ArkansasElectric blues
19231958MississippiChicago blues
19281975IndianaElectric blues
19151972ArkansasDetroit blues
19442021FloridaTexas blues[17]
19291985MississippiWest Coast blues
19211999OklahomaWest Coast blues
19241997West VirginiaUrban blues
19481995IrelandElectric blues
19111986LouisianaLouisiana blues
19372020MississippiElectric blues[18]
19362011North CarolinaChicago blues
Good Rockin' Charles19331989AlabamaChicago blues
19252020LouisianaChicago blues[19]
19211985MississippiElectric blues
19462020EnglandElectric blues[20]
Guitar Nubbit19231995FloridaElectric blues
Guitar Slim19261959LouisianaLouisiana blues
1936LouisianaChicago blues
19402008LouisianaElectric blues
1942New YorkElectric blues
19462021AlabamaElectric blues[21]
Harmonica Slim19341984TexasTexas blues
19151969NebraskaJump blues
19211990ArkansasChicago blues
19212003MississippiElectric blues
19361996TexasElectric blues
19251973MissouriWest Coast blues
19351984TexasSoul blues
19111994LouisianaLouisiana blues
19141960TexasElectric blues
19292021North CarolinaPiedmont blues[22]
19301970MississippiChicago blues
1917*2001MississippiDetroit blues
19121982TexasCountry blues
1917*1981MississippiChicago blues
19101976MississippiChicago blues
19312016LouisianaTexas blues[23]
19261983South CarolinaChicago blues
19242002VirginiaPiedmont blues[24]
19181963MississippiChicago blues
19382012CaliforniaSoul blues[25]
19161984AlabamaDetroit blues
19282022MississippiChicago blues[26]
19392022MississippiElectric blues[27]
19341976GeorgiaChicago blues
19171990*ArkansasElectric blues
19311989LouisianaNew Orleans blues
19081988ArkansasChicago blues
19402023ArkansasChicago blues
19081975ArkansasJump blues
Kansas City Red19261991MississippiChicago blues
19441990EnglandElectric blues[28]
19301998MississippiHill country blues
19231992MississippiElectric blues
19252015MississippiElectric blues[29]
19342003LouisianaNew Orleans blues
19382012AlabamaChicago blues[30]
19341976TexasElectric blues
1940MississippiElectric blues
1934LouisianaTexas blues
19281984FranceElectric blues
19351990ArkansasChicago blues
Lazy Lester19332018LouisianaSwamp blues[31]
1941*2010ArkansasSoul blues
19081997MississippiChicago blues
Lefty Dizz19371993ArkansasChicago blues
19291967MississippiUrban blues
Lightnin' Slim19131974Missouri*Louisiana blues
19361989MississippiChicago blues
Little Joe Blue19341990MississippiElectric blues
Little Sonny1932*AlabamaElectric blues
Little Walter19301968LouisianaChicago blues
19312013TexasWest Coast blues[32]
19311994MississippiChicago blues
Lonesome Sundown19282005*LouisianaSwamp blues
Louisiana Red19322012AlabamaElectric blues
19061953MississippiElectric blues
Magic Sam19371969MississippiChicago blues
Magic Slim19372013MississippiChicago blues
19352004AlabamaWest Coast blues
19422011South CarolinaElectric blues
19332024EnglandElectric blues
19382008TexasTexas blues[33]
19201984LouisianaWest Coast blues
19281995AlabamaChicago blues
1940TexasElectric blues
19212012TexasWest Coast blues[34]
19151996TennesseePiedmont blues
Memphis Slim19151988TennesseeUrban blues
19051953GeorgiaBarrelhouse blues
19271980TexasUrban blues
19251987LouisianaTexas blues
19071983OklahomaJump blues
19132004KansasUrban blues
1950MississippiChicago blues
Muddy Waters19131983MississippiChicago blues
19292018MississippiChicago blues[35]
1944MississippiElectric blues
19362006MississippiElectric blues
19091967ArkansasChicago blues
19361991LouisianaChicago blues
19212012CaliforniaWest Coast blues[36]
19321971MississippiMemphis blues
19261989IllinoisChicago blues
1948EnglandAcoustic blues[37]
19132011MississippiChicago blues[38]
1947CaliforniaElectric blues
19071967AlabamaCountry blues
1919*2006MississippiChicago blues
19271996South CarolinaPiedmont blues
1949CaliforniaElectric blues
19251976MississippiElectric blues
19402021TexasElectric blues
19352007*MississippiElectric blues
19312002IllinoisChicago blues
19391990ArkansasElectric blues
19241997MississippiChicago blues
Roomful of BluesRhode IslandElectric blues
1933LouisianaSoul blues
19241997MississippiChicago blues
19422004ArkansasElectric blues
19372018MississippiChicago blues[39]
19312002TennesseeElectric blues
19151992TennesseeChicago blues
19171970LouisianaTexas blues
1933South CarolinaAcoustic blues
19282000MississippiChicago blues
19241983ArkansasElectric blues
19321984MississippiLouisiana blues
19302010MississippiPiedmont blues
Smoky Babe19271975*MississippiAcoustic blues
19392010MississippiChicago blues
19291993MississippiChicago blues
19301970MississippiChicago blues
19121990MississippiElectric blues
19171988ArkansasElectric blues
Taj Mahal1942New YorkAcoustic blues
19161972GeorgiaPiedmont blues
19231985MississippiChicago blues
1917*1975MississippiElectric blues
1935*2009TennesseeElectric blues[40]
19161990TennesseeUrban blues
19111986GeorgiaCountry blues
19292014LouisianaLouisiana blues[41]
19261984AlabamaElectric blues
19361993TennesseeChicago blues
19111985MissouriJump blues
Ike Turner19312007MississippiElectric blues[42]
19331984GeorgiaSoul blues
1951TexasElectric blues
19541990TexasElectric blues
1917*2002MississippiElectric blues[43]
19271999MississippiChicago blues
19101975TexasWest Coast blues
19191977LouisianaDetroit blues
19242000ArkansasDetroit blues
Washboard Willie19091991AlabamaDetroit blues
19241990MississippiElectric blues
19341998ArkansasChicago blues
19291998GeorgiaChicago blues
1929LouisianaSoul blues
19211979MississippiMemphis blues
19352018AlabamaChicago blues[44]
19062006LouisianaChicago blues
19201990TexasTexas blues
1909*1965MississippiChicago blues
19431970MassachusettsElectric blues
19342004LouisianaTexas blues
19442014TexasElectric blues[45]
19201997ArkansasJump blues
1924*1977MississippiChicago blues
1918*1991GeorgiaJump blues
19181974MississippiChicago blues
An asterisk (*) denotes that other sources give different dates, origin, or style.

Blues since 1980

Name! scope="col" width=10% data-sort-type=number
Birth
year
Death
year
OriginPrimary style
1942MississippiElectric blues
1957CaliforniaElectric blues
1970MississippiElectric blues
1949TexasElectric blues
19622008IllinoisChicago blues
19322011MissouriChicago blues
Barrelhouse Chuck19582016OhioChicago blues[46]
1967CaliforniaElectric blues
1961MississippiElectric blues
1957New YorkElectric blues
1944AlabamaElectric blues
1958IllinoisElectric blues
1951New YorkAcoustic blues
Blind Mississippi Morris1955MississippiElectric blues
1948VirginiaElectric blues
1967IllinoisElectric blues
1943MississippiElectric blues
1978MississippiElectric blues
19432003MississippiElectric blues
1958IllinoisElectric blues
19511996CaliforniaElectric blues[47]
19562018VirginiaElectric blues[48]
1979New YorkElectric blues
1953GeorgiaElectric blues
1952CaliforniaElectric blues
1943MississippiElectric blues
1952New YorkElectric blues
1963MichiganElectric blues
19342008MississippiElectric blues
1953New YorkElectric blues
1957GeorgiaElectric blues
1975CaliforniaElectric blues
1968CanadaElectric blues
1951CaliforniaElectric blues
19412005VirginiaElectric blues
1954TexasElectric blues
19342021TexasElectric blues[49]
1953TennesseeCountry blues
1952LouisianaElectric blues
1950U.S.Electric blues
Guitar Slim Jr.1951LouisianaElectric blues
1951GeorgiaElectric blues
19512011TexasElectric blues
19362003ArkansasElectric blues
1963CaliforniaAcoustic blues
19361995MississippiAcoustic blues
19212004North CarolinaElectric blues
19302013North CarolinaElectric blues
1953MississippiElectric blues
1964CanadaElectric blues
1950New YorkAcoustic blues
1946U.S.Electric blues
1941IllinoisElectric blues
19462005MississippiElectric blues
1957TexasElectric blues
Keb' Mo'1955CaliforniaAcoustic blues
1942CanadaElectric blues
1962LouisianaElectric blues
19682002TennesseeElectric blues
Lady Bianca1953KansasElectric blues
19432021[50] IllinoisElectric blues
19481992IllinoisElectric blues
1949MassachusettsElectric blues
1961GeorgiaElectric blues
1962ArkansasElectric blues
1948MichiganElectric blues
1952U.S.Chicago blues
1957LouisianaElectric blues
1947FloridaElectric blues
1956IndianaElectric blues
19272005GeorgiaElectric blues
19371997MississippiElectric blues
1964New YorkElectric blues
1960WashingtonElectric blues
1955KentuckyElectric blues
1947PennsylvaniaElectric blues
1958IllinoisElectric blues
1934TexasAcoustic blues
1951MississippiElectric blues
1948LouisianaElectric blues
1948Rhode IslandElectric blues
19222004MississippiAcoustic blues
1942IllinoisElectric blues
1950CaliforniaElectric blues
Saffire – The Uppity Blues WomenAcoustic blues
19452001WashingtonElectric blues
1977LouisianaElectric blues
1956ArkansasElectric blues
19262005South CarolinaAcoustic blues
1945TexasElectric blues
1973IllinoisChicago blues
1972IllinoisElectric blues
1959MississippiElectric blues
1948IllinoisElectric blues
1970MassachusettsElectric blues[51]
19692010MississippiElectric blues
1977New YorkElectric blues
1958OhioElectric blues
1952IllinoisChicago blues
1949CaliforniaElectric blues
1953MississippiElectric blues
19591991IllinoisElectric blues
1961IllinoisElectric blues
1942GeorgiaElectric blues
1955U.S.Chicago blues
1948MississippiElectric blues
An asterisk (*) denotes that other sources give different dates, origin, or style.

See also

References

CitationsSources

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Robert Lockwood, Jr.Biography. Dahl. Bill. AllMusic. March 23, 2023.
  2. Web site: Ankeny . Jason . Kansas Joe McCoy: Biography . . July 19, 2020.
  3. News: Jay McShann: Kansas City Blues Pianist. The Independent. December 9, 2006. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140222133312/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jay-mcshann-427697.html. February 22, 2014.
  4. Book: Tomko, Gene . Encyclopedia of Louisiana Musicians: Jazz, Blues, Cajun, Creole, Zydeco, Swamp Pop, and Gospel . Louisiana State University Press . 2020 . 9780807169322 . Baton Rouge . 262.
  5. Web site: Celebrated Jazz Musician Mose Allison Dies at 89. . November 15, 2016. NPR. March 25, 2023.
  6. News: Bobby (Blue) Bland, Soul and Blues Balladeer, Dies at 83. Friskics-Warren. Bill. June 24, 2013. The New York Times. March 24, 2023.
  7. Web site: Lonnie BrooksBiography. Dahl. Bill. AllMusic. March 25, 2023.
  8. Web site: Roy BuchananBiography. Prato. Greg. AllMusic. March 25, 2023.
  9. News: Eddie Burns obituary. Russell. Tony. December 21, 2012. The Guardian. March 25, 2023.
  10. Web site: Aron Burton: June 15, 1938February 29, 2016. . Earwig Music. March 25, 2023.
  11. Web site: State loses harmonica star Willie Cobbs, 89. Shameer. Danny. October 27, 2021. Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. October 28, 2021.
  12. Web site: James Cotton, Giant of the Blues Harmonica, Dies at 81. Flanagan. Andrew. March 16, 2017. March 16, 2017. NPR.
  13. Web site: Jimmy DawkinsBiography. Dahl. Bill. AllMusic. March 25, 2023.
  14. Web site: Johnny Dyer (postscript). Blind Pig Records. January 7, 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150107132002/http://www.blindpigrecords.com/index.cfm?section=artists&artistid=27. January 7, 2015.
  15. News: Friskics-Warren. Bill . David Honeyboy Edwards, Delta Bluesman, Dies at 96 . . August 29, 2011.
  16. Web site: Margie Evans, Iconic and Sophisticated Queen of the Blues, Dies at 81. April 3, 2021. All About Jazz. April 4, 2021.
  17. News: Denny Freeman, the Graceful Guitarist Who Made Everyone Sound Better, Has Died. Curtin. Kevin. April 25, 2021. Austin Chronicle. April 27, 2021.
  18. Bonner. Brett J.. Lee Gates. July 2020. Living Blues. 74. July 9, 2020.
  19. Web site: Henry Gray, Legendary Blues Musician, Dies at 95. Vincent. Mykal. Jackson. Donovan. February 18, 2020. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. WAFB. February 19, 2020.
  20. Web site: Peter GreenBiography. Allan. Mark. AllMusic. September 11, 2020.
  21. Web site: Russel. Tony. James Harman obituary . The Guardian. December 3, 2021.
  22. Web site: John Dee Holeman, Durham's Last Great Blues Elder, Dies at 92. Menconi. David. May 1, 2021. Indy Week. March 25, 2023.
  23. Web site: El Paso Music Legend Long John Hunter Dies. Acosta. Dave. El Paso Times. January 5, 2016. January 5, 2016.
  24. Web site: John JacksonBiography. Pearson. Barry Lee. AllMusic. March 25, 2023.
  25. News: Keepnews . Peter . Etta James Dies at 73; Voice Behind 'At Last' . . January 20, 2012 . October 6, 2018 . October 6, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181006075756/https://www.pe.com/2012/01/27/etta-james-more-than-just-a-patient/ . live.
  26. News: Jimmy Johnson, renowned Chicago bluesman, guitarist, dead at 93. Maureen. O'Donnell. February 1, 2022. February 1, 2022. Chicago Sun-Times.
  27. Web site: Luther 'Guitar Junior' JohnsonBiography. Mark. Demming. AllMusic. March 25, 2023.
  28. Web site: Chris . Nickson . Jo Ann Kelly: Biography . . July 12, 2019.
  29. News: B.B. King, Defining Bluesman for Generations, Dies at 89 . Weiner . Tim . . May 15, 2015 . May 15, 2015.
  30. Web site: Edward Milton . March 17, 2012 . Obituary. . March 18, 2012.
  31. Web site: Lazy LesterBiography. Dahl. Bill. AllMusic. March 25, 2023.
  32. News: McArdle. Terence . Little Willie Littlefield, Blues Singer, Boogie-Woogie Pianist, Dies at 81 . . July 4, 2013.
  33. Web site: Pete MayesBiography. Skelly. Richard. AllMusic. March 25, 2023.
  34. Web site: Lee. Hildebrand . Bay Area blues legend had 65-year career . . December 20, 2012. March 24, 2023.
  35. News: Matt Murphy, Master of Blues Guitar, Dies at 88. The New York Times. June 19, 2018. August 16, 2018.
  36. News: Lewis . Randy . Johnny Otis Obituary: R&B Singer, Drummer, Bandleader Dies at 90 . . January 19, 2012. January 19, 2012.
  37. Web site: Richard . Skelly . [{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p19802/biography|pure_url=yes}} Dave Peabody: Biography ]. . July 12, 2019.
  38. News: Moser . Margaret. April 22, 2011. Last of the Delta Bluesmen. The Austin Chronicle. April 2, 2021.
  39. Web site: Eddie ShawBiography. Dahl. Bill. AllMusic. March 25, 2023.
  40. Web site: Koko TaylorBiography. Huey. Steve. AllMusic. March 25, 2023.
  41. News: Brasted . Chelsea . Tabby Thomas, Founder of Tabby's Blues Box, Dies at 84 . . New Orleans, Louisiana . January 2, 2014 . May 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140102195931/http://www.nola.com/music/baton-rouge/index.ssf/2014/01/tabby_thomas_founder_of_tabbys.html . January 2, 2014 . dead.
  42. News: Ike Turner, Musician and Songwriter in Duo With Tina Turner, Dies at 76 . Pareles . Jon . December 13, 2007 . . September 30, 2011. 0362-4331.
  43. Web site: Mose VinsonBiography. Dahl. Bill. AllMusic. March 25, 2023.
  44. Web site: Jody Williams, Famed Chicago Blues Guitarist, Dead at 83. Maxwell. Jackson. Guitar World. December 3, 2018. December 3, 2018.
  45. News: Johnny Winter dies at 70; dazzling blues guitarist . Chawkins. Steve. . July 17, 2014. March 24, 2023.
  46. Web site: Barrelhouse Chuck, Dead at 58, Celebrated Chicago Blues, and Enriched It, Too. Howard. Reich. Chicago Tribune.
  47. Web site: William Clarke – Biography. Huey. Steve. AllMusic. June 12, 2020.
  48. Web site: Deborah ColemanBiography. Skelly. Richard. AllMusic. June 12, 2020.
  49. Web site: Dansby. Andrew. January 29, 2021. Houston blues and R&B great Grady Gaines dies. February 2, 2021. Houston Chronicle.
  50. Web site: Living Blues #281: Obituaries. Digital.livingblues.com. July 12, 2024.
  51. Web site: Susan Tedeschi: Biography. Skelly. Richard. AllMusic. June 15, 2020.