List of grade milestones in rock climbing explained

In rock-climbing, a first free ascent (FFA) is the first redpoint, onsight or flash of a single-pitch, multi-pitch (or big wall), or boulder climbing route that did not involve using aid equipment to help progression or resting; the ascent must therefore be performed in either a sport, a traditional, or a free solo manner. First-free-ascents that set new grade milestones are important events in rock climbing history, and are listed below. While sport climbing has dominated absolute-grade milestones since the mid-1980s (i.e. are now the highest grades), milestones for modern traditional climbing, free solo climbing, onsighted, and flashed ascents, are also listed.

A route's grade is provisional until enough climbers have repeated the route to have a "consensus". At the highest grades, this can take years as few climbers are capable of repeating these routes. For example, in 2001, Realization was considered the world's first, however, the first repeat of the 1996 route , which only happened in 2008, suggested that it was possibly the first . Open Air has had no further repeats, and has had holds broken since 1996, whereas Realization has had many ascents and is thus a "consensus" 9a+. Therefore, where known, the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th ranked candidates are also chronicled.^{[1] [2]}

As of October 2024, the hardest single-pitch redpoint was at the grade of for men and for women. The hardest onsight was at the grade of for men and for women. The hardest boulder solved was at the boulder grade of for men and for women. The hardest multi-pitch (or big wall) redpoint was at the grade of . The hardest single-pitch free solo was at the grade of, and the hardest multi-pitch (or big wall) free solo was at .

Single-pitch routes

Redpointed by men

• Silence – Flatanger Municipality (NOR) – September 3, 2017 – First ascent by Adam Ondra, who described it as "much harder than anything else" he had previously done, and cautiously suggested the 9c rating for the 45 m route.^{[3] [4]} Remains unrepeated (August 2024).

• – Verdon Gorge (FRA) – April 29, 2022 – First ascent by Sébastien Bouin who proposed the grade of 9c, saying "Comparing this route to Bibliographie, Move, Beyond [Integral], it seems a step ahead", and "To choose 9c is to take a risk". Remains unrepeated (August 2024).^[5]

• B.I.G. (also Project Big) – Flatanger Municipality (NOR) – September 20, 2023 – First ascent by Jakob Schubert, who worked on the route with Adam Ondra, and after consulting with Ondra, proposed 9c on the basis it was "definitely harder" than Perfecto Mundo, a "benchmark" 9b+. Remains unrepeated (August 2024).^[6]

• – Flatanger Municipality – October 4, 2012 – First-ever 9b+ in history, by Adam Ondra; grade confirmed by Stefano Ghisolfi (2020).^[7] Third ascent was by Seb Bouin (2022), who felt a kneebar made the grade closer to (5.15b/c).^[8]

• La Dura Dura – Oliana (ESP) – February 7, 2013 – Second-ever 9b+, by Adam Ondra; first-ever 9b+ repeat by Chris Sharma (2013).^[9]

• Vasil Vasil – Moravský Kras (CZE) – December 4, 2013 – Third-ever 9b+, by Adam Ondra. Remains unrepeated (April 2024).^[10]

• Perfecto Mundo – Margalef (ESP) – May 9, 2018 – Fourth 9b+, by Alexander Megos; repeat by Stefano Ghisolfi (2018), and Jakob Schubert (2019); considered a "benchmark" 9b+ route.^[11]

• Jumbo Love – Clark Mountain (US) – September 11, 2008 – First-ever in history, by Chris Sharma. Repeated by Ethan Pringle (2015),^[12] Jonathan Siegrist (2018),^[13] and Seb Bouin (2022).^[14]

• – Siurana (ESP) – December 17, 2008 – Second-ever, by Chris Sharma. First-ever 9b repeat by Adam Ondra (2010) (was Ondra's first 9b).^[15]

• Neanderthal – Santa Linya (ESP) – December 18, 2009 – Third-ever, by Chris Sharma. Repeated by Jakob Schubert (2018), and Adam Ondra (2019).^[16]

• – Schleier Waterfall (AUT) – 1996 – First ascent by Alexander Huber, who proposed ; it has only been repeated once in 2008 by Adam Ondra who felt it was,^[17] but the breaking of holds means it is uncertain whether Ondra did the same route.^[18]

• Mutation – Raven Tor, Peak District (ENG) – 1998 – First ascent by Steve McClure, who graded it . Will Bosi completed the first repeat in October 2021 and suggested the route is, or even harder.^[19]

• Realization – Céüse (FRA) – July 2001 – First ascent by Chris Sharma. First consensus in history.

• La Rambla – Siurana (ESP) – March 2003 – First ascent by Ramón Julián Puigblanqué. Second consensus in history.

• Action Directe – Frankenjura () – 1991 – First-ever consensus 9a in history, by Wolfgang Güllich, who originally graded it 8c+ (it held back other potential 9as), but it is now the "benchmark" for 9a.

• Om – Schleier Waterfall (AUT) – 1992 – Second-ever consensus 9a, by Alexander Huber.

• – Saint Loup (SUI) – 1993 – Third-ever consensus 9a, by Fred Nicole.

• Hugh – Les Eaux-Claires (FRA) – 1993 – Fourth-ever consensus 9a, by Fred Rouhling.

• Liquid Ambar – Pen Trwyn, (WAL) – May 1990 – First ascent by Jerry Moffatt who graded, but subsequent repeats have regraded it to 8c+.^{[20] [21]}

• Hubble – Raven Tor, Peak District (ENG) – June 1990 – Considered first-ever consensus in history, by Ben Moon; later considered a possible first 8c+/9a, or even the first-ever 9a.

• Just Do It – Smith Rock (US) – 1992 – Considered second-ever consensus (after Hubble), by Jean-Baptiste Tribout.

• Super Plafond – Volx, (FRA) – 1994 – Considered third-ever consensus, by Jean-Baptiste Tribout.

• – Frankenjura (DEU) – 1987 – First-ever consensus in history, by Wolfgang Güllich.

• Anaïs et le canabis – Saint Loup (SUI) – 1988 – Second-ever consensus, by Fred Nicole.

• Agincourt – Buoux (FRA) – 1989 – Third-ever consensus, by Ben Moon.^[22]

• Maginot Line (Plafond) – Volx (FRA) – 1989 – Fourth-ever consensus, by Ben Moon.

• Punks in the Gym – Mount Arapiles (AUS) – 1985 – First-ever consensus in history, by Wolfgang Güllich.

• La Rage de Vivre – Buoux (FRA) – 1986 – Second-ever consensus, by .

• To Bolt or Not to Be – Smith Rock (US) – 1986 – Third-ever consensus, by Jean-Baptiste Tribout.^[23]

• Le Minimum – Buoux (FRA) – 1986 – Fourth-ever consensus, by .

• Kanal im Rücken – Frankenjura (DEU) – 1984 – First-ever consensus in history, by Wolfgang Güllich.

• Les Mains Sales – Buoux (FRA) – 1985 – Second-ever consensus, by .^[24]

• Le fluide enchanté – Mouriès (FRA) – 1985 – Third-ever consensus, by .

• La Rose et le Vampire – Buoux (FRA) – 1985 – Fourth-ever consensus, and iconic route, by .

• – Altmühltal (DEU) – 1983 – First-ever consensus in history, by Jerry Moffatt.^[25]

• Le Bidule – Buoux (FRA) – 1984 – Second-ever consensus, by .

Pre-sport era

Many of the notable first ascents that achieved a new highest grade prior to The Face are traditional climbing routes:

• Grand Illusion – Sugar Loaf, Lake Tahoe, CA (US) – 1979 – First-ever consensus in history, by Tony Yaniro.

• Cosmic Debris – Yosemite Valley, CA (US) – May, 1980 – Early 8a led by Bill Price.^[26]

• Sphinx Crack – South Platte, CO (US) – April, 1981 – Early 8a led by Steve Hong.

• 13 Boulevard du Vol – Rochers de Freyr, (BEL) – 1981 – Early consensus, by Arnould t'Kint.

• Grand Illusion – Sugar Loaf, Lake Tahoe, CA (US) – 1982 – Early consensus, by Wolfgang Güllich.

• La Crépinette – Les Eaux-Claires (FRA) – 1983 – Early consensus in history, by Fabrice Guillot (and first 8a in France).^[27]

• The Phoenix – Yosemite, CA (US) – 1977 – Considered the first-ever consensus in history, by Ray Jardine (used his new cams).^[28]

• Le Toit – Baou de Quatre Ouro (FRA) – 1981 – Second-ever consensus in history, by Patrick Edlinger.

• Le Haine – La Turbie (FRA) – March, 1981 – Third-ever consensus in history, by Patrick Berhault.

• Chimpanzodrome – Le Saussois (FRA) – April, 1981 – Fourth-ever consensus in history, by Jean-Pierre Bouvier.

• Psycho Roof – Eldorado, CO (US) – 1975 – Estimated as the first-ever in history, by Steve Wunsch; only one ascent, due to large broken flake, and was possibly harder than 7c in 1975.^{[29] [30]}

• The Pirate – Suicide Rock, CA – (US) – 1978 – Early 7c (5.12d) by Tony Yaniro.^[31]

• Iron Cross – Shawangunks, NY – (US) – 1978 – Early 7c (5.12d) by John Bragg.^[32]

• Genesis – Eldorado, CO – (US) – 1979 – Early 7c (5.12d) by Jim Collins.^[33]

• Nymphodalle – Les Calanques (FRA) – 1979 – Sometimes considered first-ever consensus in history, by Patrick Edlinger.

• Equinox – Joshua Tree (US) – 1980 – Considered one of the earliest consensus climbs in history, by Tony Yaniro.

• Chasin' the trane – Frankenjura (GER) – 1980 – Considered one of the earliest consensus climbs in history, by John Bachar.

• Paisano Overhang – Suicide Rock, (US) – 1974 – First-ever consensus climbs, by John Long.

• Super Crack – Shawangunks, (US) – 1974 Oct – Long considered the first-ever consensus by Steve Wunsch.^[34]

• Super Crack – Shawangunks, (US) – 1977 – First-ever repeat of a consensus, by Ron Kauk.

• English Hanging Gardens – Big Rock, Lake Perris, California, (US) – 1970 – Regraded as possible first in history, by John Gosling.

• Kansas City – Shawangunks, NY (US) – 1973 – One of the first-ever 5.12b/c climbs in history, by John Bragg.^[35]

• Constable's Overhang – Wilton, (ENG) – 1973 – Possible early 7b (5.12b), as is graded "hard" E5 6b, by Hank Pasquill.^[36]

• Fish Crack – Yosemite (US) – 1975 May – One of the first-ever climbs in history, by Henry Barber.^[37]

• Hot Line – Yosemite (US) – 1975 – One of the first-ever climbs in history, by Ron Kauk, and John Bachar (both led).

• Thimble – Needles, SD, (US) – 1961 – First-ever in history, by John Gill. Free soloed.

• Macabre Roof – Ogden, Utah, (US) – 1967 – First-ever roped 7a+ (5.12a) in history, flashed by Greg Lowe.^{[38] [39]}

• Orchrist – Almscliff, (ENG) – July 1973 – Early 7a+ (5.12a) as was graded E5 6b, by Hank Pasquill.^[40]

• The Throne – Shawangunks, NY (US) – 1973 – Very early climb, led by John Stannard.^[41]

• Footless Crow – Goat Crag, Borrowdale, (ENG) – April 19, 1974 – Early 7a+ (5.12a) as was graded E5 6b, by Pete Livesey.

• Goliath – Burbage South Edge, (ENG) – 1958 – Possible first-ever at E4 6a (6c+ to 7a), by Don Whillans.

• Foops – Shawangunks, NY (US) – 1967 October – Often considered a first-ever consensus, by John Stannard.

• Messner Slab – Pilastro di Mezzo, Sas dla Crusc/Heiligkreuzkofel, (ITA) – 1968 July – Contemporary re-grading implies it may be a very early, led on sight by Reinhold Messner.^[42]

• Schwager Nordwand – Schrammsteine, Saxon Switzerland, (DEU) – 1970 – Considered a notable early IXb, by Bernd Arnold.

Redpointed by women

La Planta de Shiva – Villanueva del Rosario (ESP) – October 22, 2017 – First-ever female ascent of a 9b route, by Angela Eiter.^{[43] [44]} Repeated by Anak Verhoeven in 2024, making her only the fouth-ever female to redpoint a 9b route.^[45]

• Eagle–4 – Saint-Léger-du-Ventoux (FRA) – November 7, 2020 – Second-ever female ascent of a 9b, by Julia Chanourdie.

Madame Ching – Tyrol (AUT) – December 16, 2020 – Third female 9b, and first-ever female FFA of a 9b, by Angela Eiter; unrepeated.^[46] Erebor – Eremo di San Paolo, Arco (ITA) – October 2, 2021 – Fourth-ever female ascent of a 9b (downgraded from 9b+), by Laura Rogora.^{[47] [48]}

• La Rambla – Siurana (ESP) – February 26, 2017 – First-ever female ascent of a 9a+ route, by Margo Hayes.

• Sweet neuf – Pierrot Beach (FRA) – September 11, 2017 – Second-ever female ascent, and first-ever female FFA of a 9a+, by Anak Verhoeven.^{[49] [50]} Confirmed by (2019).^[51]

• Realization – Céüse (FRA) – September 24, 2017 – Third-ever female ascent of a 9a+ route, by Margo Hayes.^[52]

• Papichulo – Oliana (ESP) – March 22, 2019 – Fourth-ever female ascent of a 9a+ route, by Margo Hayes.^[53]

• Bimbaluna – Saint Loup (SUI) – 1 May 2005 – World's first-ever female ascent of a 9a/9a+ route, by Josune Bereziartu.^[54]

• Open your Mind direct – Santa Linya (ESP) 17 March 2015 – Second female ascent of a 9a/9a+ route, by Ashima Shiraishi.^[55]

• – Saint Loup (SUI) – October 29, 2002 – First-ever female ascent of a 9a route, by Josune Bereziartu.^[56]

• Logical Progression – Jo Yama (JPN) – November, 2004 – Second-ever female ascent of a 9a route, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Les 3 P – La grotte du Galetas, Verdon Gorge (FRA) – August, 2011 – Third-ever female ascent of a 9a route, by ; initially disputed, later verified.^{[57] [58]}

• PuntX – Gorges du Loup, (FRA) – November, 2013 – Fourth-ever female ascent of a 9a route, by Muriel Sarkany.^[59]

• Honky Tonk Mix – Onate (ESP) – June, 2000 – First-ever female ascent of an 8c+ route, by Josune Bereziartu.^[60]

• Noia – Andonno (ITA) – October, 2001 – Second-ever female ascent of an 8c+ route, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Na Nai – Baltzola (ESP) – June 18, 2003 – Third-ever female ascent of an 8c+ route, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Powerade – Vadiello (ESP) – May 21, 2007 – Fourth-ever female ascent of an 8c+ route, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Honky Tonky – Onate (ESP) – May, 1998 – First-ever female ascent of an 8c route, by Josune Bereziartu.

• White Zombie – Baltzola (ESP) – May, 1999 – Second-ever female ascent of an 8c route, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Raz – Baltzola (ESP) – May, 1999 – Third-ever female ascent of an 8c route, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Welcome to Tijuana – Rodellar (ESP) – May, 2000 – Fourth-ever female ascent of an 8c route, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Masse Critique – Cimai (FRA) – 1990 – First-ever female ascent of an 8b+ route, by Lynn Hill.^[61]

• No Sika, No Crime – Lehn (CHF) – 1993 – Second-ever female ascent of an 8b route, by Suzi Good.^[62]

• Silence Vertical – Troubat (FRA) – 1993 – Third-ever female ascent of an 8b route, by Robyn Erbesfield.

• Attention on vous regarde – Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val (FRA) – 1993 – Fourth-ever female ascent of an 8b route, by Robyn Erbesfield.

• Sortilèges – Le Cimai (FRA) – 1988 – First-ever female ascent of an 8b route, by Isabelle Patissier.

• Sortilèges – Le Cimai (FRA) – 1989 – Second-ever female ascent of an 8b route, by Lynn Hill.

• Sortilèges – Le Cimai (FRA) – 1989 – Third-ever female ascent of an 8b route, by .

• Choucas – Buoux (FRA) – March 1988 – First-ever female ascent of an 8a+ route, by Catherine Destivelle.

• Come Back – Val San Nicolò (ITA) – 1986 – First-ever female ascent of an 8a route, by .

• Rêve de Papillon – Buoux (FRA) – 1987 – Second-ever female ascent of an 8a route, by .

• Rêve de Papillon – Buoux (FRA) – 1987 – Third-ever female ascent of an 8a route, by Lynn Hill.

• Rêve de Papillon – Buoux (FRA) – 1988 – Fourth-ever female ascent of an 8a route, by Catherine Destivelle.

• Fleur de Rocaille – Mouriès, (FRA) – 1985 – First-ever female ascent of an 7c+/8a route, by Catherine Destivelle; was first 8a, but grade softened.

Pre-sport era

Many of the notable first female ascents that achieved a new highest grade pre Fleur de Rocaille, are traditional climbing routes:

• Vandals – Shawangunk Mountains (US) – 1984 – First-ever female ascent of a 7c+ route, by Lynn Hill.

• Artificial Intelligence – Shawangunk Mountains (US) – 1985 – Second-ever female ascent of a 7c+ route, by Lynn Hill.

• Chimpanzodrome – Le Saussois (FRA) – 1985 – Third-ever female ascent of a 7c+ route, by .

• Ophir Broke – Telluride (US) – 1979 – First free ascent and first-ever female lead of a 7c route (subsequently upgraded), by Lynn Hill.

• Organic Iron – Shawangunk Mountains (US) – 1984 – Second-ever female ascent of a 7c route (was considered first), by Lynn Hill.

• Katapult – Frankenjura (GER) – 1985 – Third-ever female ascent of a 7c route, by Isabelle Patissier.

• Super Crack – Shawangunk Mountains (US) – 1983 July – Early female ascent of a 7b+ route, by Barbara Devine.

• Yellow Crack Variation – Shawangunk Mountains (US) – 1984 – Early female ascent of a 7b+ route, by Lynn Hill.

• Pichenibule (en libre) – Verdon Gorge (FRA) – 1985 – First free ascent and early female lead of a 7b+ route, by Catherine Destivelle.

• Kansas City – Shawangunk Mountains (US) – 1977 – Early female ascent of a 7b route, by Barbara Devine.^{[63] [64]}

• Tales of Power – Yosemite Valley CA (US) – 1981 – Redpoint of a 7b route by Louise Shepherd^{[65] [66]}

• Foops – Shawangunk Mountains (US) – 1976 – Early female ascent of a 7a route, by Barbara Devine.^{[67] [68]}

• New Dimensions – Yosemite Valley (US) – 1973 – Female lead of a 5.11a route by Bev Johnson.

• La Brujas – Tozal del Mallo, Aragon (ESP) – 1975 – Female redpoint of a 6b+ route by Marisa Montes.

• Cenotaph Corner – Llanberis Pass (UK) – 1961 – First female lead (probably using Brown's piton at about E1 5a) by Josephine Scarr Flood.

• Curving Crack – Clogwyn Du'r Arddu (UK) – 1936 – Female lead at VS 4c by Brenda Ritchie.

Onsighted / Flashed by men

With route beta on the internet, the distinction between an onsight (no prior beta) and a flash (had prior beta) is less relevant; it is recorded where noted.

• Super Crackinette – Saint Léger (FRA) – 10 February 2018 – First-ever 9a+ flash (not onsight) in history, by Adam Ondra.^[69]

• Southern Smoke Direct – Red River Gorge (USA) – 29 October 2012 – First-ever 9a flash (not onsight), by Adam Ondra.^{[70] [71]}

• Estado Critico – Siurana (ESP) – 24 March 2013 – First-ever 9a onsight, by Alex Megos.

• Cabane au Canada – Rawyl (SUI) – 9 July 2013 – Second-ever 9a onsight, by Adam Ondra.^[72]

• Il Domani – Baltzola (ESP) – 3 May 2014 – Third-ever 9a onsight, by Adam Ondra.^[73]

• Water World – Pajkova Streha (SLO) – November 2022 – Fourth-ever 9a onsight, by Adam Ondra.^[74]

• Bizi Euskaraz – Etxauri (ESP) – December 11, 2007 – First-ever 8c+ onsight, by Patxi Usobiaga.

• Kidetasunaren Balio Erantsia – Etxauri (ESP) – March 6, 2011 – Second-ever 8c+ onsight, by Adam Ondra.

• Bizi Euskaraz – Etxauri (ESP) – March 7, 2011 – Third-ever 8c+ onsight, by Adam Ondra.^{[75] [76]}

• Powerade – Vadiello (La Caverna) (ESP) – March 9, 2011 – Fourth-ever 8c+ onsight, by Adam Ondra.

• White Zombie – Baltzola (ESP) – October 6, 2004 – First-ever 8c onsight, by Yuji Hirayama.^[77]

• Pata Negra – Rodellar (ESP) – August 10, 2005 – Second-ever 8c onsight, by Tomáš Mrázek.

• Gaua – Lezaia (ESP) – October 10, 2005 – Third-ever 8c onsight, by Patxi Usobiaga.

• La Teoria Dell'8a – Grotta dell'Aeronauta (ITA) – November 23, 2005 – Fourth-ever 8c onsight, by Tomáš Mrázek.

• Massey Fergusson – Calanques (FRA) – 1995 – First-ever 8b+ onsight, by .^[78]

• Maldita María – Cuenca (ESP) – 1996 – Second-ever 8b+ onsight, by .

• Liaisons Dangereuses – Les Calanques (Les Goudes), (FRA) – 1993 – First-ever 8b onsight, by

• Public Enemy – Cuenca, (ESP) – 1993 – Originally considered the first 8a+/8b onsight, by Stefan Glowacz, but consensus grade is now 8b.

(unknown)

• Samizdat – Cimai (FRA) – 1987 – First-ever 8a on-sight, by .^[79]

• Pol Pot – Verdon Gorge (FRA) – 1984 – First-ever 7c+ onsight, by Jerry Moffatt.^[80]

• The Phoenix – Yosemite (FRA) – 1984 – Second-ever 7c+ onsight, by Jerry Moffatt.

• Yesterday Direct – Mount Arapiles (AUS) – 1985 – Third-ever 7c+ (Australia 28) onsight, by Wolfgang Güllich.

• Equinox – Joshua Tree (US) – 1982 – First-ever 7c flash (not onsight), by Jerry Moffatt (originally considered 7b+).

• La Polka des Ringards – Buoux (FRA) – 1982 – First-ever 7c onsight, by Patrick Edlinger.

• Heisse Finger – Frankenjura (GER) – 1983 – Second-ever 7c onsight, by Jerry Moffatt.^[81]

• Chasin' the Trane – Frankenjura (GER) – 1983 – Third-ever 7c onsight, by Jerry Moffatt.

• Super Crack – Shawangunks (US) – 1982 – First-ever 7b+ flash (not onsight), by Jerry Moffatt.^[82]

• Captain crochet – Buoux (FRA) – 1982 – First-ever 7b+ onsight, by Patrick Edlinger.^[83]

Onsighted / Flashed by women

With route beta on the internet, the distinction between an onsight (no prior beta) and a flash (had prior beta) is less relevant; it is recorded where noted.

• La Fabelita -– Santa Linya (ESP) – December 31, 2015 – First-ever female 8c flash, by Janja Garnbret (her flash of Rollito Sharma two days earlier was downgraded to 8b+).^[84]

• Fish eye – Oliana (ESP) – November 1, 2021 – First-ever female 8c onsight, by Janja Garnbret^{[85] [86]}

• American Hustle – Oliana (ESP) – November 4, 2021 – Second-ever female 8c onsight, by Janja Garnbret

• L'Antagonista – Montsant (ESP) – November 25, 2022 – Third-ever female (and the second female) 8c onsight, by Chaehyun Seo.^[87]

• Hidrofobia – Montsant (ESP) – April, 2006 – First-ever female 8b+ onsight, by Josune Bereziartu (later considered possible 8b).^[88]

• Humildes pa casa – Oliana (ESP) – April, 2010 – Second-ever female 8b+ onsight, by Maja Vidmar (later considered possible 8b+/c).^[89]

• Les Rois du Pétrole – Pic Saint-Loup (FRA) – July, 2010 – Third-ever female 8b+ onsight, by (once considered the first 8c, but the route was downgraded).^[90]

• Omaha Beach – Red River Gorge (US) – March, 2011 – Fourth-ever female 8b+ onsight, by Sasha Digiulian.^[91]

• Steroid Performance – Horai (JPN) – December, 2004 – First-ever female 8b onsight, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Il Veccho et il Mare – Millennium Cave, Sardinia (ITA) – July, 2005 – Second-ever female 8b onsight, by .

• La Réserve – Saint-Léger-du-Ventoux, (FRA) – October, 2005 – Third-ever female 8b onsight, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Fuente de Energia – La Caverna, Vadiello (ESP) – November, 2005 – Fourth-ever female 8b onsight, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Bon Vintage – Terradets (ESP) – April, 2000 – First-ever female 8a+ onsight, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Naska – Apellániz (ESP) – October, 2001 – Second-ever female 8a+ onsight, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Déversé Satanique – Gorges du Loup (FRA) – October, 2001 – Third-ever female 8a+ onsight, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Overdose – Lourmarin (FRA) – 1993 – First-ever female 8a/+ onsight, by Robyn Erbesfield.

• Simon – Frankenjura (GER) – 1992 – First-ever female 8a onsight, by Lynn Hill.

• Rampaneu – Frankenjura (GER) – 1992 – Second-ever female 8a onsight, by Robyn Erbesfield.^[92]

• Trojan – Mount Arapiles, Victoria (AUS) – 1981 – Onsight lead at grade 25 (5.12b) by Louise Shepherd.

• Separate Reality – Yosemite Valley, CA (US) – 1981 – Early female onsight at 7a+ by Louise Shepherd.

• Crimson Cringe – Yosemite Valley, CA (US) – 1981 – Onsight lead by Louise Shepherd.

• Kloeberdanz – Eldorado Canyon, CO (US) – 1977 – Onsight lead at 5.11c by Coral Bowman.

• Vulcan – Tremadog, (WAL) – 1980 – Onsight lead at E4 6a by Jill Lawrence.^[93]

• Wide Country (first pitch) – Eldorado Canyon CO (US) – June 1973 – Early female onsight at 5.11a by Diana Hunter.^[94]

• Valhalla – Suicide Rock CA (US) – 1976 – Early female onsight at 5.11a by Maria Cranor.^[95]

• Naked Edge (first pitch) – Eldorado Canyon CO (US) – October 1976 – Onsight lead at 5.11a by Beth Bennett.

Free-solo by men

Important free-solos, all were rehearsed except as noted; does not include "highball" boulder ascents as the climbers here did not use padding or spotters.^[96]

• Panem et Circenses – Length: 15m (49feet) – Arco (IT) – March 2021 – First-ever 8c free solo, by Alfredo Webber, aged 52.^[97]

• Kommunist – Length: 22m (72feet) – Tyrol (AUT) – 2004 – The first-ever 8b+ free solo, by Alexander Huber.^[98]

• Darwin Dixit – Length: 15m (49feet) – Margalef (ESP) – March 2008 – Originally 8c, but downgraded to 8b+, by Dave MacLeod.^[99]

• Compilation – Omblèze (FRA) – 1993– First-ever 8b free solo, by Alain Robert.

• Der Opportunist – Schleierfall (AUT) – 2003 – Second-ever 8b free solo, by Alexander Huber.

• Rêve de gosse – La Roche-des-Arnauds (FRA) – 1987 – First-ever 8a+ free solo, by Jean-Christophe Lafaille.

• Revelations – Length: 15 meters – Raven Tor, Peak District (ENG) – 1985 – First-ever 8a free solo, by .

• Weed Killer – Length: 8 meters – Raven Tor, Peak District (ENG) – 1986 – First-ever 7c free solo, by Wolfgang Güllich.

• Baby Apes – Length: 15 meters – Joshua Tree National Park (US) – 1982 – First lead (free solo) and first-ever 7b free solo, by John Bachar.^[100]

• Thimble – Length: 9 meters – Needles, SD, (US) – 1961 – First ascent and first-ever 7a+ free solo in history (and first-ever redpoint, see above), flashed by John Gill.^[101]

• Spider Line – Length: 16 meters – Joshua Tree National Park, CA, (US) – February 1978 – First lead (free solo) and first free solo at 5.11d by John Yablonski.^[102]

• Wall of Horrors – Length: 18 meters – Almscliff, (ENG) – 1961 – First lead (free solo) and first free solo at E3 6a by Allan Austin.^[103]

• Slip N Slide – Length: 8 meters – Peak District, (ENG) – 1976 – First lead (free solo) and first free solo at E6 6a by Ron Fawcett.^[104]

• Western Front – Length: 13 meters – Almscliff, (ENG) – 1958 – First ascent, unrehearsed, now rated E3 5c, by Allan Austin.

• Left Wall – Length: 38 meters – Llanberis Pass, (ENG) – 1964 – First free ascent (free solo) rated E2 5c, by Rowland Edwards.^[105]

• Sometime Crack – Length: 15 meters – Devil's Lake, WI, (US) – 1959 – Onsight first ascent by John Gill.

• Cave Arete Indirect – Length: 18 meters – Laddow Rocks, (ENG) – 1916 – Free solo first ascent by Ivar Berg.^[106]

Boulder problems

Solved by men

• Burden of Dreams – Lappnor () – October 2016 – First ascent by Nalle Hukkataival;^[107] confirmed by Will Bosi in April 2023.^[108]

• Return of the Sleepwalker – Red Rock Canyon (US) – April 2021 – First ascent by Daniel Woods; a sit start into Jimmy Webb's Sleepwalker ;^[109] confirmed by Will Bosi in February 2024.^[110]

• Alphane – Chironico (SUI) – April 6, 2022 – First ascent by Shawn Raboutou,^{[111] [112]} and first repeat by Aidan Roberts (October 2022); Roberts was silent on the grade having never climbed at V17, and having previously failed on Burden of Dreams.^[113] William Bosi made a second repeat in November 2022, and after feeling that it was less of a challenge than his FA of Honey Badger 8C+, later felt it was still at .^[114]

• Megatron – Eldorado Canyon State Park (US) – 2022 – First ascent by Shawn Raboutou. The route adds a seven-move sequence from a sit start into Tron, an route first ascended by Daniel Woods.^[115]

• – Varazze (ITA) – 2008 – Considered the first-ever, by Christian Core. First repeat in 2011 by Adam Ondra who proposed an 8C+ grade, describing the boulder as one of the hardest in the world, together with Terranova (see below).^[116] Third ascent by Nalle Hukkataival in 2014, and Niccolo Ceria in 2020, who were silent on grade.^{[117] [118]} In 2015, it was discovered that new holds were chipped on the route, which Core tried to fix but not with complete success, leaving one new crimp that Core felt does lower the grade.^[119] In 2021, a fifth repeat by Elias Lagnemma suggested a slightly lower grade of 8C/+ (using a kneepad).^[120]

• Livin' Large – Rocklands (ZAF) – August 2009 – First ascent by Nalle Hukkataival who graded it, and first repeat in 2015 Jimmy Webb who confirmed an 8C; however, a second and third repeat by Shawn Raboutou (2018) and Ryuichi Murai (2023), suggests it is one of the first-ever boulders.^{[121] [122]}

• Hypnotized Minds – Rocky Mountain (US) – October 2010 – Considered one of the first-ever consensus boulders, by Daniel Woods who initially proposed V15;^[123] first repeat by (2016), and a second repeat by Dave Graham (2019), confirmed it as V16.^[124]

• Terranova – Holstejn (Moravsky Kras, CZE) – November 2011 – Considered an early, by Adam Ondra; unrepeated (2023)^[125]

• Monkey Wedding – Rocklands (ZAF) – August 2002 – First-ever consensus in history, by Fred Nicole.^[126]

• Black Eagle SDS – Rocklands (ZAF) – August 2002 – Second-ever consensus in history, by Fred Nicole.

• Viva l'Evolution – Tyrol (AUT) – September 2002 – Third-ever consensus in history, by .

• Walk Away SDS – Lake District, (ENG) – October 2002 – Considered the fourth-ever in history, by John Gaskins; unrepeated (2023)

• Radja – Branson, Valais (SUI) – January 1996 – First-ever consensus, by Fred Nicole.^[127]

• Nanuk – Königsee (GER) – 1997 – After repeated in 2012, considered the second-ever, by Klem Loskot.^[128]

• Coeur de Lion – Hueco Tanks (US) – 1998 – Third-ever consensus, by Fred Nicole.

• Dreamtime – Cresciano (SUI) – October 28, 2000 – First ascent by Fred Nicole who proposed it as the world's first, but later settled at Dreamtime became as iconic as Midnight Lightning due to its beauty and challenge; a broken hold in 2009 regraded it closer to .^{[129] [130]}

• La Danse des Balrogs – Branson, Valais, (SUI) – 1992 – First-ever consensus, by Fred Nicole.

• Enigma – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 1992 – Considered the second-ever, by Philippe le Denmatt.

• Fatman – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 1993 – Considered important early, by .

• The Dominator – Yosemite, (US) – 1993 – Considered important early, by Jerry Moffatt.

• Trice – Boulder, Colorado (US) – 1975 – Ungraded and unrepeated for 32 years, but is now considered the world's first, by Jim Holloway.^[131]

• Slapshot – Flatirons (US) – 1977 – Ungraded and unrepeated for years, but considered one of the world's first, by Jim Holloway, and possibly .

• L’à Plat du Gain – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 1988 – Considered one of the first-ever ascents of an, by Alain Ghersen.

• Superman – Cressbrook (ENG) – 1988 – Considered one of the first-ever ascents of an, by Jerry Moffatt; now a possible 8B.

• C’était Demain – Fontainebleau (FRA) – 1984 – Considered one of the first-ever ascents of an, by .

• Careless Torque – Stanage Edge (ENG) – 1987 – Considered one of the first-ever ascents of an, by Ron Fawcett; now at 8A.

• The Groove – Pueblo, Colorado (US) – 1978 – Considered one of the first-ever ascents of a, by John Gill.

• Red Cross Overhang, or Gill Problem – Teton Range (US) – 1959 – Considered one of the first-ever ascents of a, by John Gill.

• Double Clutch – Flagstaff Mountain, Boulder, CO (US) – 1972 – Very early 7c (V8-V9) by Bob Williams.^[132]

• Speed of Light Dyno – Black Mountains (US) – 1979 – Considered an important early ascent of a, by John Long.

• L'Abbé Résina – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 1983 – Considered an important early ascent of a, by Pierre Richard.

• Le Carnage – Fontainebleau (FRA) – 1977 – Considered the first-ever ascent of a, by Jérôme Jean-Charles.^[133]

• Midnight Lightning – Camp 4, Yosemite (US) – 1978 – Second-ever ascent of a, by Ron Kauk; arguably the world's most famous bouldering problem that demonstrated bouldering as a sport in its own right.^[134]

• Gill Right Problem – Teton Range (US) – 1958 – Considered one of the first-ever ascents of a, by John Gill.

• Le Joker – Fontainebleau (FRA) – 1953 – Considered one of the first-ever ascents of a, by .

• Marie-Rose – Fontainebleau (FRA) – 1946 – Considered one of the first-ever ascents of a, by .

Solved by women

• Box Therapy – RMNP, (US) – 28 July 2023 – First-ever female ascent of an, by Katie Lamb.^[135] Originally solved by Daniel Woods in 2018 who graded it, and upheld by repeaters, Brooke Raboutou suggested it was at after repeating it in October 2023.^[136]

• E la nave va – Lindental, (SUI) – 2003 – First-ever female ascent of an boulder traverse, by Josune Bereziartu.^[137]

• Horizon – Mount Hiei, (JPN) – March 22, 2016 – First-ever female ascent of an, by Ashima Shiraishi.^[138]

• Sleepy Rave – Hollow Mountain Cave, (AUS) – 2 August 2016 – Second-ever female ascent of an, by Ashima Shiraishi.^[139]

• Kryptos – Morchelstock, Balsthal, (SUI) – June, 2018 – Third-ever female ascent of an, by Kaddi Lehmann.^[140]

• Byaku-dou – Mount Hurai, (JPN) – May 5, 2019 – Fourth-ever female ascent of an, by Mishka Ishi.^{[141] [142]}

• La traversia De Balzola – Balzola, (ESP) – 2002 – First-ever female ascent of an boulder traverse, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Catharsis – Shiobara, (JPN) – 20 October 2012 – First-ever female ascent of an, by Tomoko Ogawa.^[143]

• Golden Shadow – Rocklands, (RSA) – 11 July 2014 – Second-ever female ascent of an, by Ashima Shiraishi.^[144]

• New Base Line – Magic Wood, (SUI) – 12 July 2014 – Third-ever female ascent of an, by Shauna Coxsey.^[145]

• The Automator – RMNP, (US) – 17 August 2010 – First-ever female ascent of an, by Angie Payne.^[146]

• The Riverbed – Magic Wood, (SUI) – 16 September 2010 – Second-ever female ascent of an, by Anna Stöhr.

• Crow of Aragorn – Hueco Tanks, (US) – 20 March 2012 – Third-ever female ascent of, by Ashima Shiraishi, and youngest (age 10).^[147]

• Liaison Futile – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 13 April 1999 – First-ever female ascent of an, by Catherine Miquel.

• Atomic Playboy – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 2 March 2001 – Second-ever female ascent of an, by Catherine Miquel.

• Solaris – Baltzoia, (SPA) – 15 April 2003 – Third-ever female to ascend a, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Duel – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – October, 1998 – First-ever female ascent of an, by Catherine Miquel.

• Berezi – Larraona, (SPA) – 2001 – Second-ever female ascent of a consensus, by Josune Bereziartu.

• Sale gosse assis – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 1998 – First-ever female ascent of an, by Catherine Miquel.

• Plain High Drifter – The Buttermilks, (US) – March, 2001 – Second-ever female ascent of a consensus, by Lisa Rands.^[148]

• Halloween – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 1997/96 – First-ever female ascent of a, by Catherine Miquel.

• Le Grande Bleu – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 1999 – Second-ever female ascent of a, by Catherine Miquel.

• Miss World – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 1996 – First-ever female ascent of a, by Catherine Miquel.

• Mayonnaise de Passion – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 1996 – Second-ever female ascent of a, by Catherine Miquel.

• Le Carnage – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 1989 – First-ever female ascent of a, by Catherine Miquel.

• Trois graines d'éternité – Fontainebleau, (FRA) – 1995 – Second-ever female ascent of a, by Dany Riche.

• Midnight Lightning – Camp 4, Yosemite, (US) – 1998 – Notable female ascent of a famous, by Lynn Hill.

Multi-pitch routes

Given the smaller number of entries for multi-pitch and big wall routes, the sections below combine milestones for overall and female ascents. In some cases (e.g. the Salathé Wall and Dawn Wall), the first free ascent was by a climbing pair alternating leads, and in such instances, the first individual to free climb all the pitches is also recorded.

Redpointed

• Valhalla (405-meters, 14 pitches) – Grand Arch, Getu Valley National Park (CHN) – 4 March 2019 – The world's longest continuous roof climb and the first-ever multi-pitch redpoint at, by .^{[149] [150] [151]}

• The Dawn Wall (3,000-feet, 32-pitches) – El Capitan, Yosemite (USA) – 14 January 2015 – First-ever big wall redpoint at, by Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson in 19 days.^{[151] [152]} First repeat on 21 November 2016 by Adam Ondra in 8 days,^[153] leading all 32-pitches.^[154]

• Wu Wei (180-metres, 5-pitches) – Picco delle Aquile, Dolomites (ITA) – 16 August 2023 – Second-ever multi-pitch redpoint at, by Alessandro Zeni.^{[151] [155]}

• Lurgorri (250-metres, 6-pitches) – Naranjo de Bulnes (ESP) – 13 August 2006 – First-ever multi-pitch redpoint at, by brothers and .^{[151] [156]}

• Nirwana (200-metres, 5-pitches) – Sonnwendwand, (AUT) – 9 September 2012 – Second-ever multi-pitch redpoint at at, by Alexander Huber.^{[151] [157] [158]}

• (500-metres, 10-pitches) – Cima Ovest, Dolomites (ITA) – 18 July 2001 – First-ever big wall redpoint at, by Alexander Huber;^{[151] [159]} repeating the route in 2007 (to create Pan Aroma, also 8c), Huber found some key holds were "treated" from a 2005 attempt, and the crux was heavily lined with pegs, which had softened the grade to 8b/8b+.^{[160] [161]}

• (450-metres, 9-pitches) – Cima Ovest, Dolomites (ITA) – 26 July 2007 – Second-ever big wall redpoint at, by Alexander Huber;^[151] shares the first 5 pitches of Bellavista to the great roof and then follows famous aid climbing route.^{[151] [162] [163]}

• (250-metres, 7-pitches) – Rätikon (SUI) – 26 July 2008 – Third-ever multi-pitch redpoint at, by a 15-year old Adan Ondra;^[151] created by who never fully freed the line, which he named in honour of Wolfgang Gullich.^[164]

• Orbayu (510-metres, 13-pitches) – Naranjo de Bulnes (ESP) – 2009 – Fourth-ever multi-pitch redpoint at, by brothers and .^{[151] [165]}

• Neverending Story (450-metres, 11-pitches) – 7th Kirlichspitze, Rätikon (SUI) – 1991 – First multi-pitch at, by .^[151]

• The Nose (870-metres, 31-pitches) – El Capitan, Yosemite (USA) – 1993 – Second multi-pitch at,^[151] by Lynn Hill (partnered by Brooke Sandahl); the big-wall free climb is considered as one of the most important ascents in rock climbing history, and also a major milestone in female rock climbing; in 1994, Hill repeated it in under 24 hours; took over a decade for the first clean repeat.^[166]

• After The Nose, the were the next graded multi-pitch routes to be fully freed:^[151]

• , (250-metres, 9-pitches) – Fleischbank (AUT) – 1994 – Multi-pitch at, by Stefan Glowacz.^[167]

• (350-metres, 11-pitches) – Berchtesgaden (GER) – 1994 – Multi-pitch at, by Thomas Huber.

• (185-metres, 6-pitches) – Rätikon (SWZ) – 1993/94 – Multi-pitch at, by .

• New Age (150-metres, 5-pitches) – 7th Kirlichspitze, Rätikon (SUI) – 1989 – First multi-pitch at, by .

• Salathé Wall (870-metres, 35-pitches) – El Capitan, Yosemite (USA) – 1988 – First big wall free climb at, by Todd Skinner and Paul Piana (alternating leads).^{[168] [169]} In 1995, Alexander Huber led all 35-pitches to become the first individual to free a big wall route at the grade.^[170]

• Via Acacia (330-metres, 9-pitches) – 5th Kirlichspitze, Rätikon (SUI) – 1988 – First big wall free climb at, by .

• Regular Northwest Face (690-meters, 24 pitches) – Half Dome, Yosemite (USA) – 1976 – First big wall free climb at 7b+ (5.12c) by Art Higbee and Jim Erickson.^{[171] [172]} 20 years later, a variation to the crux pitch was found to keep the entire route at 5.12a.

• Hall of Mirrors (650-meters, 16 pitches) – Glacier Point, Yosemite (USA) –1980 – Second big wall free climb at 7b+ (5.12c) by Chris Cantwell, Scott Burk, Scott Cole.^[173]

• Amarcord (400-metres, 9-pitches) – 7th Kirlichspitze, Rätikon (SUI) – 1984 – Third big wall free climb at, by .^[174]

• Hotline (200-meters, 7-pitches) – Yosemite Valley (US) – 1975 – Multi-pitch free climb at 5.12b by Ron Kauk and John Bachar.^[175]

• Pegasus (360-meters, 14-pitches) Quarter Dome, Yosemite Valley (US) – 1979 – Big Wall free climb at 5.12b by Max Jones and Mark Hudon.

• Macabre Wall (180-meters, 5-pitches) – Ogden, UT (US) – 1967 – Multi-pitch free climb at 5.12a led by Greg Lowe.

• Footless Crow (60-meters, 2-pitches) – Goat Crag, Lake District (UK) – April 1974 – Multi-pitch free climb at E5 6b by Pete Livesey, harder today due to large broken flake.

• Air Voyage (550-meters, 13-pitches) – Black Canyon National Park CO (US) – 1979 – Big Wall free climb at 5.12a by Leonard Coyne and Ken Sims.

• Infinite (91-meters, 3-pitches) – Clamshell Rock, City of Rocks, ID (US) –1967 – Multi-pitch climb at 5.11d led onsight by Greg Lowe.^[176]

• Mittelpfeiler (300-meters, 7-pitches) Sass dla Crusc, Dolomites, (ITA) – July 1968 – Multi-pitch free climb at UIAA Grade VIII led on sight by Reinhold and Günther Messner.

• New Frontier (75-meters, 2-pitches) – Millbrook Shawangunks NY (US) – 1969 – Multi-pitch Free Ascent at 5.11b by Gary Brown and John Stannard.^[177]

• Naked Edge (205-meters, 7-pitches) – Redgarden Wall Eldorado Canyon CO (US) – Oct 1971 – Multi-pitch Free Ascent at 5.11b by Jim Erickson and Duncan Ferguson.^[178]

• Wide Country (120-meters, 4-pitches) – Bastille Eldorado Canyon CO (US) – June 1972 – First Free Ascent at 5.11b by Duncan Ferguson and Don Peterson.^[179]

• Basket Case (255-meters, 7-pitches) – Basket Dome Yosemite CA (US) – June 1972 – Multi-pitch free climb at 5.11b by Mark Klemens, Jim Bridwell and Jim Donini.

• Solleder Route, Direct Finish (700-meters total, 19-pitches total) –Furchetta Dolomites (ITA) – 1932 – New five-pitch variation at UIAA Grade VII added to the route by Giovanni Vinatzer and Vincenzo Perista.

• Rebitsch-Spiegl (300-meters, 8-pitches) – Fleischbank Wilde Kaiser (AUT) – 1946 – Multi-pitch free climb at UIAA Grade VII by Mathias Rebitsch and Sepp Spiegl.

• Nordverschneidung (800-meters, 20-pitches) – Lalidererspitze Karwendel (AUT) – 1947 – Big wall free climb at UIAA Grade VII by Mathias Rebitsch and Franz Lorenz.

• Via Vinatzer (180-meters, 6-pitches) – Stevia, Val Gardena, Dolomites, (ITA) – 1933 – Multi-pitch at UIAA Grade VII- by Giovanni Vinatzer and Vincenzo Peristi.^[180]

• Via Solda (650-meters, 18-pitches) – Marmolada, Dolomites, (ITA) – August 1936 – Big wall free climb at UIAA Grade VII- by Gino Solda and Umberto Conforto.

• Via Vinatzer-Castiglioni (900-meters, 29-pitches) – Marmolada, Dolomites, (ITA) – Sept 1936 – Big wall free climb at UIAA Grade VII- by Giovanni Vinatzer and Ettore Castiglioni.

• Micheluzzi Route (720-meters, 19-pitches) – Marmolada, Dolomites, (ITA) –1929 – Big wall free climb at UIAA Grade VI+ by Luigi Micheluzzi, Roberto Perathoner, Demitrio Christomannos.

• Spigolo Giallo (410-meters, 14-pitches) – Tre Cima, Dolomites, (ITA) – 1933 – Big wall free climb at UIAA Grade VI+ by Emilio Comici, Mary Varale, and Renatto Zanutti.^[181]

• Ha-He Verschneidung (360-meters, 12-pitches) – Dreizinkenspitze, Karwendel (AUT) – August 1921 – Big wall free climb at UIAA Grade VI by Otto Herzog and Gustav Haber.^[182]

• North Face (600-meters, 20-pitches) – Furchetta, Dolomites, (ITA) – August 1, 1925 – Big wall free climb at UIAA Grade VI by Emil Solleder and Fritz Wiessner.

• Solleder Route (1,100-meters, 44-pitches) Monte Civetta, Dolomites, (ITA) – August 4, 1925 – Big wall free climb at UIAA Grade VI by Emil Solleder and Gustl Lettenbauer.

Free-soloed

All of these climbs were rehearsed except as noted below.

• Freerider (915-meters, 30-pitches) – El Capitan, Yosemite (US) – 3 June 2017 – First-ever big wall free solo at,^[183] by Alex Honnold; took 3 hours, 56 minutes.^{[184] [185]}

• (850-meters, 37-pitches) – Marmolada, Dolomites (Italy) – April 2007 – First-ever big wall free solo at, by Hansjorg Auer; took 2 hours, 55 minutes.^{[186] [187]}

• The Moonlight Buttress (364-meters, 10-pitches) – Zion National Park (USA) – 1 April 2008 – Likely the second-ever big wall free solo at, by Alex Honnold; took 83 minutes.^[188]

• Romantic Warrior (305-meters, 9-pitches) – Needles, California (USA) – 2005 – Climbed on sight. First-ever big wall free solo at, by Michael Reardon;^[189] won National Geographic award.^[190]

• Brandler-Hasse Direttissima (580-meters, 17-pitches) – Cima Grande, Dolomites (Italy) – 2002 – First-ever big wall free solo at, by Alexander Huber.^[191]

• Naked Edge (210-meters, 7-pitches) – Eldorado Canyon State Park (USA) – 1978 – First-ever multi-pitch free solo at 5.11b by Jim Collins.^{[192] [193]}

• Nabisco Wall (via Butterballs) (110-meters, 3-pitches) – Yosemite Valley, (USA) – 1979 – First-ever multi-pitch free solo at, by John Bachar.

• Astroman (300-meters, 12-pitches) – Yosemite Valley, (USA) – 1987 – First-ever Big Wall free solo at 5.11c by Peter Croft.

• The Boldest (75-meters, 2-pitches) – Clogwyn (WAL) – 1969 – Multi-pitch free solo at E4 5c by Alan Rouse.

• Pipeline (140-meters, 4-pitches) – Squamish BC (CAN) – 1979 – Onsight First Free Ascent at 5.10d by Greg Cameron.

• Scenic Cruise (600-meters, 14-pitches) – Black Canyon, CO – (US) – 1979 – Big wall free solo at 5.10d, four of the pitches soloed on sight, by Earl Wiggins.

• Vector (90-meters, 4-pitches) – Tremadog (UK) – 1969 – Multi-pitch free solo at E2 5c by Alan McHardy.

• Sooberb (70-meters, 3-pitches) – Eldorado Canyon CO (US) – 1972 – Onsight First Free Ascent at 5.10c by Jim Erickson.

• Solda-Conforto (650-meters, 18-pitches) – Marmolada, Dolomites, (ITA) – 1953 – Big Wall free solo by Cesare Maestri.

• Steck-Salathe (500-meters, 14-pitches) – Yosemite Valley, CA, (USA) – May 1973 – Onsight Big Wall free solo in two and a half hours by Henry Barber.

• Cassin Route (800-meters, 21-pitches) – Piz Badile, Bregaglia, (SUI) – 1952 – Onsight Big Wall free solo, in four and a half hours, by Hermann Buhl.^[194]

• Solleder Route (1,100-meters, 44-pitches) – Civetta, Dolomites, (ITA) – 1952 – Big Wall free solo by Cesare Maestri.

• Dülferriss (250-meters, 6-pitches) – Fleischbank, Wilder Kaiser, (AUT) – 1913 – Onsight multi-pitch first ascent by Hans Dülfer.

• Piaz Route (240-meters, 6-pitches) – Punta Emma, Cima Catinaccio, Dolomites, (ITA) – 1901 – Onsight multi-pitch first ascent by Tita Piaz.

• Via Preuss (110-meters, 5-pitches) – Campanile Basso, Dolomites, (ITA) – 1911 – Onsight multi-pitch first ascent by Paul Preuss.

See also

• History of rock climbing
• Notable ascents and grade milestones in deep-water soloing
• Hardest routes in traditional climbing
• Evolution of grade milestones in dry-tooling
• Evolution of grade milestones in mixed climbing
• Evolution of grade milestones in ice climbing

References

Further reading

• American online climbing website, Planet Mountain, on notable climbs, redpoints, onsight, free sole and male-female (1918–2012): Web site: PlanetMountain.com . The evolution of free climbing . 23 December 2012 . Maurizio . Oviglia . 4 January 2022.
• Czech climbing magazine, eMontana, on men's redpointing milestones from 6a to 9c: eMontana (Czech) . Climbing Milestones. Explore the Revolutionary Routes from 6a to 9c . 2018 . 31 December 2021 . Matej . Pohorsky.

External links

• Web site: The evolution of free climbing. Planet Mountain. Maurizio Oviglia. December 21, 2012.
• Web site: Hardest boulder problems. 99boulders. October 26, 2016. August 1, 2017.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Chris Sharma Turns 40 Today, Happy Birthday! . 23 April 2021 . 22 December 2021 . Gripped.com.
2. Groundbreaking 5.15 Gets Second Ascent . Dougald . McDonald . 15 June 2012 . 22 December 2021 . Outside.
3. Web site: Interview: Adam Ondra climbs world's first 9c at Flatanger in Norway. planetmountain.com. September 4, 2017. September 4, 2017.
4. . Interview: Adam Ondra on What It Took to Climb the World's First 5.15d. 9 September 2017 . Chris . Van Leuven . 28 December 2021.
5. Web site: . Seb Bouin Does Potential 5.15d FA, World's Second of the Grade . 5 May 2022 . Anthony . Walsh . 9 May 2022.
6. Web site: PlanetMountain . Jakob Schubert proposes 9c for B.I.G. at Flatanger. 28 September 2023 . 28 September 2023 .
7. Web site: Second Ascent of Change 9b+ by Stefano Ghisolfi. Natalie Berry. September 28, 2020. October 14, 2020.
8. Web site: . Seb Bouin Gets Third Ascent of the World's First 5.15c . Stephen. Potter. 8 August 2022 . 18 November 2022.
9. La Dura Complete: The Full Story Of The Hardest Rock Climb In The World . 26 March 2014 . . 29 December 2021.
10. Web site: Ondra Completes Third 5.15c First Ascent. www.climbing.com. 5 December 2013.
11. Web site: PlanetMountain . Jakob Schubert claims third ascent of Perfecto Mundo 9b+ at Margalef . 9 November 2019 . 23 June 2022.
12. Web site: Ethan Pringle Repeats Jumbo Love. Climbing.com. 18 May 2015. Climbing Magazine.
13. Web site: Interview: Jonathan Siegrist Goes Big with Third Ascent of Jumbo Love (5.15b). 17 May 2018.
14. Web site: . Seb Bouin Claims 4th Ascent of Jumbo Love (5.15b) . 25 October 2022 . 18 November 2022 . Stephen . Potter.
15. Web site: PlanetMountain . Adam Ondra climbs Golpe de estado at Siurana . 22 March 2010 . 16 June 2022.
16. Web site: . Ondra Puts "Neanderthal" (5.15b) to Rest . 12 February 2019 . 16 June 2022.
17. Open Air: Groundbreaking 5.15 Gets Second Ascent . Dougald . McDonald . 15 June 2012 . 22 December 2021 . Outside.
18. Web site: EveningSends . Andrew . Bisharat . Setting and Revising the Record in Climbing . 4 April 2016 . 21 June 2022 . The other interesting point about Open Air that’s worth mentioning is that the route reportedly contains some rather flaky holds that have broken off over the years. So was the Open Air that Ondra climbed the exact same route that Alex Huber climbed? Maybe, but probably not..
19. Web site: Will Bosi repeats Mutation, 23 years after Steve McClure's first ascent at Raven Tor . 2023-02-23 . PlanetMountain.com . en.
20. Web site: The first 8c+ (8c+/9a) and 9a in history books . 8a.nu . 2021 . 15 January 2022.
21. Web site: UKClimbing . 4th Ascent of Liquid Ambar 8c+ by Kieran Forrest. Nathalie . Berry . 10 July 2020 . 15 July 2023 .
22. Web site: PlanetMountain . Sébastien Bouin repeats Agincourt at Buoux, France's historic first 8c . 20 November 2018 . 23 June 2022.
23. Web site: PlanetMountain . Adam Ondra climbing To Bolt Or Not To Be at Smith Rock / VBlog #8 . 13 December 2018 . 27 June 2022.
24. Web site: PlanetGrimpeur . Seb Bouin's Vintage Rock Tour. 23 June 2022 . 2019 .
25. Web site: PlanetMountain.com . The evolution of free climbing . 23 December 2012 . Maurizio . Oviglia . 4 January 2022.
26. Web site: Cosmic Debris . Mountain Project.
27. Web site: Grimper . [Translated] I'll go climb with you: Eaux Claires & Gémozac]. 29 April 2015 . 27 June 2022 . Bastien . Gerland .
28. Web site: Classic Routes: The Phoenix . James . Lucas . 23 May 2018 . 29 June 2022 . Climbing.
29. Web site: Erickson . Jim . Cleaning Up Climbing History . Climbing.com.
30. Book: Godfrey, Bob . Climb! . Alpine House . 1977 . 0-89158-318-1 . 1st . Boulder CO USA . 210, 230, 224.
31. Web site: The Pirate . Mountain Project.
32. Web site: Iron Cross . Mountain Project.
33. Web site: Genesis . Mountain Project.
34. Web site: Grimper . [Translated] The history of climbing: the evolution of ratings ]. 20 October 2020 . 22 June 2022 . Philippe . Jourdain .
35. Book: Williams, Richard C. . Shawangunk Rock Climbs . American Alpine Club . 1980. 2nd . New York, NY, USA . 46 . 0-930410-11-4 .
36. Web site: Logbooks Constable's Overhang . UKClimbing.
37. Web site: Gripped . Watch Will Mayo Send World's First 5.12b Fish Crack in Yosemite . 18 June 2016 . 29 June 2022.
38. Web site: Macabre Wall . Mountain Project.
39. Web site: Macabre Wall . The Crag.
40. Web site: Ward . Mick . The Stone Children . UKClimbing . 14 January 2021 . 15 July 2023.
41. Book: Swain, Todd . The Gunks Guide . Chockstone Press . 1995 . 0-934641-99-4 . 3rd . Evergreen CO . 129, 196, 172, 241.
42. Web site: PlanetMountain.com . The Messner slab on the Sass dla Crusc, Dolomites . 7 November 2010 . 2 January 2022 . Vinicio . Stefanello.
43. Web site: Interview with Angela Eiter, the first woman to climb 9b. Planet Mountain. 24 October 2017.
44. Web site: Angela Eiter climbs historic first female 9b. Planet Mountain. 23 October 2017.
45. Web site: PlanetMountain . Anak Verhoven sends Planta de Shiva (9b) at Villanueva del Rosario in Spain . 16 May 2024 . 16 May 2024.
46. Web site: PlanetMountain . 17 December 2020 . 30 September 2023 . Angela Eiter frees Madame Ching in Austria .
47. Web site: PlanetMountain.com . Laura Rogora: the 9b/+ Erebor exploit interview . 5 October 2021 . 1 January 2022.
48. Web site: Climbingfr . Climbing Women's Hardest Sends. 28 June 2022 . 2022 .
49. Web site: Anak Verhoeven Becomes First Woman to Establish a 9a+. 18 September 2017. The Outdoor Journal. 7 July 2019.
50. Web site: Anak Verhoeven On Making the First Female 5.15a First Ascent. 20 September 2017. Rock and Ice. 7 July 2019.
51. Web site: Cédric Lachat repeats Sweet Neuf, Anak Verhoeven's 9a+ and confirms grade. planetmountain.com. 7 July 2019.
52. Web site: Margo Hayes Sends Biographie/Realization (5.15a). 25 September 2017. Rock and Ice. 7 July 2019.
53. Web site: PlanetMountain . Margo Hayes climbs Papichulo at Oliana, her third 9a+ . 23 September 2019 . 28 June 2022.
54. Web site: Josune Bereziartu and Bimbaluna 9a/9a+. planetmountain.com. 7 July 2019.
55. Web site: Ashima Shiraishi climbs 9a/9a+ a Santa Linya in Spain. planetmountain.com. 7 July 2019.
56. Web site: Josune Bereziartu climbs first female 9a (interview). planetmountain.com.
57. Web site: . Charlotte Durif Redpoints 5.14d in France . Amanda . Fox . June 2012 . 28 June 2022.
58. Web site: LACrux . Katherine Choong Climbs Jungfrau Marathon (9a): List of women in the 9a club . 18 October 2019 . 28 June 2022.
59. Web site: . Muriel Sarkany Sending Punt X (5.14d) . 2014 . 28 June 2022.
60. Web site: Noia 8c+ for Josune Bereziartu. planetmountain.com. 7 July 2019.
61. . American Woman Reaches a New Milestone in Rock Climbing. https://web.archive.org/web/20220104202217/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/american-woman-reaches-a-new-milestone-in-rock-climbing . dead . January 4, 2022 . Andrew . Bisharat . 1 March 2017 . 4 January 2022 .
62. The formative years of cutting edge rock climbing . February 2006 . 4 . 6 . 28 June 2022 . BOLFA (Climbing Club of South Australia) . 4.
63. Book: Ament, Pat . A History of Free Climbing in America . Wilderness Press . 2002 . 0-89997-320-5 . Berkeley CA . 186, 188, 204, 213. 231, 236, 247, 264 343–352.
64. Book: Waterman, Laura . Yankee Rock and Ice . Stackpole Books . 1993 . 0-8117-1633-3 . Mechanicsburg PA . 285.
65. Web site: Andy Pollitt and Louise Shepherd Interview . UKClimbing.
66. Web site: Louise Shepherd . Chockstone.org.
67. Book: Ament, Pat . A History of Free Climbing in America . Wilderness Press . 2002 . 0-89997-320-5 . Berkeley CA . 213. 231, 236, 247, 264 343–352.
68. Book: Waterman, Laura . Yankee Rock and Ice . Stackpole Books . 1993 . 0-8117-1633-3 . Mechanicsburg PA . 285.
69. Web site: Adam Ondra / Interview after world's first 9a+ flash at St. Léger in France. planetemountain.
70. Web site: PlanetMountain . Red River Gorge: Adam Ondra 9a flash and Ashima Shiraishi 8c+ redpoint . 30 October 2012 . 3 July 2022.
71. Web site: Climbing . Ondra: Flash of Southern Smoke Direct (5.14d) . 15 November 2012 . 3 July 2022.
72. Web site: La cabane au Canada, 9a, onsight by Ondra. ukclimbing.com. Björn Pohl. 9 July 2013. 10 July 2013.
73. Web site: Adam ondra onsights Il domani (9a). Youtube.
74. Web site: PlanetMountain . Adam Ondra 9a onsight, Water World at Osp in Slovenia. 29 November 2022 . 20 March 2023 .
75. Web site: PlanetMountain . Adam Ondra, the 8c+ on-sight interview! . 10 March 2011 . 4 July 2022.
76. Web site: Climbingfr . Historical Performances: Men Onsight . 2022 . 4 July 2022 .
77. Web site: Yuji Hirayama world's first 8c on-sight!. planetmountain.com.
78. Web site: Elie Chevieux. planetmountain.com.
79. Web site: "Dancing about Architecture" – An interview with Antoine le Menestrel. 2017-12-12. Alpinismi. it-IT. 2020-04-29.
80. Web site: UKC Logbook – 'Polpot'. www.ukclimbing.com. 2020-04-29.
81. Web site: PlanetMountain.com . Jerry Moffatt Interview. Nicholas . Hobley . Niall . Grimes . 26 February 2009. 14 January 2022 .
82. Web site: Rock Climb Ekel, Frankenjura. Mountain Project. 2020-04-29.
83. Web site: PlanetMountain . Adieu Patrick Edlinger . 17 November 2012 . Nicholas . Hobley . It was at the famous Luberon crag Buoux that Edlinger first began to leave his indelible mark, climbing numerous routes up to 7a solo (such as the exposed Pilier des Fourmis), succeeding 30 years ago in the world's first 7b on-sight (Captain crochet) and then, in that magic 1982 and still at Buoux, managing to on-sight the world's first 7c, La polka des ringards..
84. Web site: Janja Garnbret flashes second 8c at Santa Linya . 10 April 2022 . PlanetMountain.com . en . 3 December 2016.
85. . Janja Garnbret Becomes First Woman to Onsight 5.14b . Delaney . Millar . 5 November 2021 . 4 January 2022.
86. Web site: PlanetMountain . Janja Garnbret makes climbing history with first female 8c onsight, Fish Eye at Oliana . 3 November 2021 . 3 July 2022.
87. Web site: PlanetMountain . Chaehyun Seo second woman to onsight 8c, L’Antagonista at Montsant in Spain . 27 November 2022 . 25 April 2024.
88. Web site: PlanetMountain . Josune Bereziartu first woman to on-sight 8b+!. 18 April 2006 . 3 July 2022 .
89. Web site: PlanetMountain . Maja Vidmar 8b+ on-sight at Oliana, Spain. 14 April 2010 . 3 July 2022 .
90. Web site: Gripped . Janja Garnbret Makes History with Fish Eye 5.14b Onsight . 3 November 2021 . 3 July 2022.
91. Web site: PlanetMountain . Sasha DiGiulian unstoppable at Red River Gorge . 24 March 2011 . 3 July 2022.
92. Web site: Climbingfr . Historical Performances: Women Onsight . 2022 . 3 July 2022.
93. Web site: British First Ascents and Advances in the 70s and 80s . The Pinnacle Club.
94. News: Briggs . Roger . November 1973 . Reflections on Recent Climbing in Boulder . Climbing Magazine . 10.
95. Web site: Boone . Alastair . Maria Cranor Obituary . Berkeleyside.
96. Web site: Kevin Jorgeson sends Ambrosia and blurs line between highball and free solo. 11 January 2009.
97. . Alfredo Webber, Age 52, Free Solos 5.14b . 12 March 2021 . Bennett. Slavsky. 4 January 2022 .
98. Huber Solos 5.14 . 7 May 2004 . Dougald . McDonald . 4 January 2022 . Climbing.
99. Web site: MacLeod solos 5.14b in Spain. 15 June 2012.
100. Web site: . Being Bachar . March 2008 . 3 January 2023 . [In 1982] 'I was so pissed off', says Bachar, 'That I went to Joshua Tree and soloed Baby Apes,' a 60-foot 5.12b/c he'd previously top roped but never led, thereby making the first "lead" of the now-classic line..
101. Ament, Pat (2002). Wizards of Rock: A History of Free Climbing in America, Wilderness Press
102. Web site: Spider Line . Mountain Project.
103. Web site: Climbers Allan Austin . Climbing History.
104. Web site: Climber Ron Fawcett . Climbing History.
105. Web site: Ward . Mick . The Vector Generation . UKClimbing.
106. Web site: Ivar Berg . Climbing History.
107. Web site: Gripped.com . The World's Hardest Boulder Problems . Noah . Walker . 27 January 2022 . 29 January 2022.
108. Web site: . Will Bosi Sends 'Burden of Dreams' (V17) . Stephen . Potter . 14 April 2023 . 15 April 2023.
109. Web site: Corrigan . Kevin . Daniel Woods Spent a Month Alone in the Desert to Send the First US V17, He Came Back a Different Person . climbing.com . 7 April 2021 . 19 April 2021.
110. Web site: . Will Bosi Gets Second Ascent of ‘Return of the Sleepwalker’—Confirms V17 . Stephen . Potter . 21 February 2024 . 21 February 2024.
111. . Shawn Raboutou Does First Ascent of "Alphane" (V17). Delaney . Miller . 22 August 2022 . 25 August 2022 .
112. Web site: Shawn Raboutou climbs Alphane, 9A boulder problem at Chironico . PlanetMountain. 22 August 2022. 22 August 2022.
113. Web site: GearJunkie . With Send of 'Alphane,' Aidan Roberts Nabs First-Ever V17 Repeat . Andrew . McLemore . 22 October 2022.
114. Web site: . Watch Will Bosi Climb Alphane (V17) and Chat About His Training . Stephen . Potter . 5 June 2023 . 13 September 2023.
115. Web site: Pardy . Aaron . 2022-11-16 . Shawn Raboutou Announces First Ascent of Megatron V17 . 2022-11-18 . Gripped Magazine . en-US.
116. Web site: PlanetMountain.com . Adam Ondra, the pure Gioia interview. 7 December 2011 . 29 January 2022 .
117. Web site: LACrux.com . Niky Ceria in top form: Boulder Gioia (8c +) committed. 23 December 2020 . 29 January 2022 .
118. Web site: PlanetMountain.com . Niccolò Ceria repeats Gioia, Christian Core's masterpiece at Varazze . 16 December 2020 . 29 January 2022.
119. Web site: 8a.nu . Core gives us the Gioia 8C+ history. 19 December 2020 . 29 January 2022 .
120. Web site: Gripped.com . Elias Lagnemma Repeats Christian Core's Gioia V15/16. 23 February 2021 . 29 January 2022 .
121. . Shawn Raboutou Climbs Hukkataival's Highball "Livin' Large" in Rocklands. 8 October 2019 . 28 January 2022 .
122. Web site: LACrux . Shawn Raboutou wins the third ascent of the 8c Boulder Livin 'Large in South Africa . 10 October 2019 . 28 January 2022.
123. Web site: . Daniel Woods, World's Most Accomplished Boulderer . Owen . Clarke . 9 March 2022 . 26 June 2022.
124. Web site: RockandIce.com Dave Graham Sends "Hypnotized Minds" (V16), His Nemesis Boulder. 2020-09-04. www.RockandIce.com. 9 October 2019.
125. Web site: Adam ondra frees Terranova 8C+. 15 November 2011 . 1 August 2017 . PlanetMountain.
126. News: 8a.nu, Monkey Wedding . 8a.nu. 20 August 2002 . 15 April 2020.
127. Web site: . 12 Great Moments in Bouldering History. Matt . Cote . 28 September 2017 . 1 July 2022 .
128. Web site: Climbing . Listening for the Echo: The Klem Loskot Profile. Chris . Schulte . 20 September 2021 . 1 July 2022 .
129. Web site: PlanetMountain . Dreamtime at Cresciano, the boulder problem by Fred Nicole between dream and reality . 6 July 2017 . 30 June 2022.
130. Web site: . The Classics – Dreamtime (8C/V15), with Fred Nicole . 6 July 2017 . 30 June 2022.
131. Web site: Isabelle Faus Climbs the World's First V12 Trice. 17 March 2014 . 21 April 2022. . Sarah . Linville .
132. Web site: Double Clutch . Mountain Project.
133. Web site: Climbingfr . Historical Men's Bouldering . 2022 . 1 July 2022.
134. Web site: PlanetMountain . Midnight Lightning, the legendary boulder problem in Yosemite . 9 June 2017 . 3 February 2022.
135. Web site: Katie Lamb Sends “Box Therapy”—Becoming the First Woman to Climb V16 . Potter . Steven . 5 September 2023 . . 5 September 2023.
136. Web site: 13 October 2023 . Brooke Raboutou climbs Box Therapy . 14 November 2023 . UK Climbing.
137. Web site: PlanetMountain.com . Bereziartu climbs "E la nave va" 8c traverse. 24 May 2003 . 7 January 2022 .
138. Web site: Ashima Shiraishi on Horizon (V15), Sleepy Rave (V15) & "Young Guns". 8 September 2016. Rock and Ice. 7 July 2019.
139. Web site: Ashima Tops Second V15, Sleepy Rave, Grampians, Australia. 4 August 2016. Rock & Ice. 7 July 2019.
140. Web site: Kaddi Lehmann repeats Kryptos 8C. 14 June 2018. onbouldering.com. 7 July 2019.
141. Climbing . Young, Strong, and Pushing Grades: A Deeper Look at 13-Year-Old Mishka Ishi's Ascent of Byaku-dou (V15) . 22 May 2019 . Hannah . Gartner . 20 January 2022.
142. Web site: UKClimbing . 27 July 2023 . 20 August 2023 . Nathaniel . Soon . Is the First Female 8C+ Coming Soon? Article.
143. Web site: 2012-10-21 . First Woman to Boulder V14 (Video) . 2023-11-17 . Climbing . en-US.
144. Web site: 2014-07-11 . Ashima Shiraishi Becomes Second Female To Climb V14 . 2023-11-17 . Climbing . en-US.
145. Web site: . Shuana Coxsey Climbs New Base Line (V14) . 12 July 2014 . 2 June 2022.
146. . Climber Angie Payne Conquers Colorado's Automator. 25 August 2010 . Adam . Roy . 31 January 2022 .
147. Web site: . 10-Year-Old Repeats Crown of Aragorn (V13) . Amanda . Fox . 15 June 2012 . 2 June 2022 .
148. Web site: ClimbingAway.fr . Historical of the performances: Female, top boulder history . 4 February 2022.
149. Web site: Gripped Magazine (Canada) . Edu Marin Sends World’s Biggest Roof Climb at 5.15a . 8 October 2024.
150. Web site: PlanetMountain . Edu Marin makes first free ascent of Valhalla on Getu Grand Arch in China . 21 March 2019 . 8 October 2024.
151. Web site: LACrux . These are the most difficult multi-pitch routes in the world . 20 March 2023 . 8 October 2024 . ((The Editors)) .
152. Web site: Bisharat. Andrew. January 15, 2015. Summiting Yosemite's Dawn Wall, Climbers Make History. news.nationalgeographic.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20150115060711/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150114-climbing-yosemite-caldwell-jorgeson-capitan/. dead. January 15, 2015. 2015-01-15.
153. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/23/czech-free-climber-adam-ondra-scales-yosemite-rock-wall-record/ Czech free-climber Adam Ondra scales Yosemite rock wall in record time
154. Web site: Adam Ondra Completes Dawn Wall. Climbing. 22 November 2016. 22 November 2016.
155. Web site: PlanetMountain . Alessandro Zeni wires 'Wu Wei,' 9a multipitch in Val Nuvola established with Riccardo Scarian. 13 September 2023 . 8 October 2024 .
156. Web site: . MOST DIFFICULT MULTI-PITCH ROUTE IN THE WORLD? . Christian . Beckwith . 15 September 2006 . 8 October 2024.
157. Web site: PlanetMountain . Alexander Huber, Sonnwand Nirwana above the Loferer Alm in Austria . 4 April 2013 . 8 October 2024.
158. Web site: . Fabian Buhl: "Nirwana (200 m, 8c+) is one of the biggest multi-pitch challenges of the world" . 20 November 2014 . 8 October 2024 . Isaac . Fernández . es . es.
159. Web site: PlanetMountain . Bellavista, Alexander Huber climbs 8c on Cima Ovest di Lavaredo . 23 July 2001 . 16 December 2022.
160. Web site: . Huber's Dolomite routes repeated . 21 July 2010 . 17 December 2022.
161. Web site: PlanetMountain . Federica Mingolla and Bellavista on Dolomites Tre Cime di Lavaredo . Federica . Mingolla . 20 June 2022 . 17 December 2022.
162. Web site: Alexander Huber frees Pan Aroma 8c on Cima Ovest di Lavaredo, Dolomites. PlanetMountain. 8 August 2007. 8 October 2024.
163. Web site: . Huber Climbs Dolomites Mega-Roof . Dougald . McDonald . 10 August 2007 . 8 October 2024.
164. Web site: PlanetMountain . Cédric Lachat repeats Wogü in Rätikon, Switzerland . 3 July 2020 . 8 October 2024.
165. Web site: PlanetMountain . MOrbayu 8c+/9a on Naranjo de Bulnes for Iker and Eneko Pou. 9 September 2009 . 8 October 2024.
166. Web site: PlanetMountain . Lynn Hill / 25 years ago the first free ascent of The Nose on El Capitan. 8 June 2018 . 17 December 2022 .
167. Web site: PlanetMountain . End of Silence . 18 December 2022 . April 2012.
168. Web site: PlanetMountain . Salathé Wall . 17 December 2022 . 2018.
169. Book: Sloan, Erik . Yosemite Big Walls . Yosemite Big Walls . 2021 . Mariposa CA . 132, 326, 344, 352, 400.
170. Web site: PlanetMountain . El Capitan Freerider: Alexander Huber Yosemite masterpiece celebrates 20th anniversary . 5 October 2018 . 16 December 2022.
171. Web site: Yosemite rock climbing history timeline . Yosemite rock climbing history timeline.
172. Book: McNamara, Chris . Yosemite Big Walls . Supertopo . 2011 . 978-0-9833225-0-4 . Mill Valley CA . 172, 173.
173. Web site: 100 Years of Big Wall Free Climbing . Gripped.com.
174. Web site: . 2016 . 17 December 2022 . (S)ending the Neverending . Piotr . Drozdz . Monika . Jedrzejewska . 12–21.
175. Web site: Hotline . Mountain Project.
176. Web site: Infinite . Mountain Project.
177. Web site: New Frontier . Mountain Project.
178. Book: Levin, Steve . Eldorado Canyon . Sharp End Publishing . 2020 . 978-0-9657079-1-6 . 3rd . Boulder CO . 48, 170.
179. Web site: Wide Country . Mountain Project.
180. Web site: Giovanni Vinatzer . AngeloElli.
181. Web site: Highlights of Alpinism . Alpenverein.
182. Web site: Middendorf . John . 1999 . The Mechanical Advantage . Big Walls.
183. Web site: . The world gasps in the aftermath of Alex Honnold's free solo of El Capitan's Freerider (5.13a, 3,000ft). Derek . Franz . 9 June 2017 . 1 July 2023 . originally rated 5.12d but now considered harder after a hold broke.
184. Web site: Exclusive: Climber Completes the Most Dangerous Rope-Free Ascent Ever. https://web.archive.org/web/20170603192910/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/features/athletes/alex-honnold/most-dangerous-free-solo-climb-yosemite-national-park-el-capitan/. dead. June 3, 2017. National Geographic Society. 3 June 2017.
185. News: California Today: An 'Incomprehensible' Climb in Yosemite. Mcphate. Mike. 2017-06-06. The New York Times. 2017-06-06. en-US. 0362-4331.
186. Web site: . Free Solo Rock Climbing and the Climbers Who Have Defined the Sport . Alison . Osius . 4 June 2022 . 26 November 2022.
187. Web site: Hansjörg Auer free solo Attraverso il Pesce – Fish route – in Marmolada. PlanetMountain.com.
188. Web site: . Honnold Free Solos Moonlight Buttress . Erik . Lambert . 7 April 2008 . 17 December 2022.
189. Web site: Samet . Matt . About Michael Reardon . . 19 April 2007 . 17 December 2022 . en-us.
190. Web site: . Adventurers of the Year 2005: Michael Reardon, Free Soloist . https://web.archive.org/web/20210308005354/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/michael-reardon-2005 . dead . March 8, 2021 . 26 April 2006 . 17 December 2022.
191. Web site: Gripped Magazine . This is Still a Gripping Free-Solo Video – Alex Huber on a 20-Pitch 5.12a . 2 November 2021 . 16 December 2022.
192. Book: Achey, Jeff . Climb! . The Mountaineers Books . 2002 . 2nd . Seattle WA . 137, 139, 166, 250.
193. Book: Smoot, Jeff . All And Nothing . Mountaineers Books . 2022 . 978-1-68051-332-5 . Seattle WA USA . 2022 . 288, 290.
194. Book: Scott, Doug . Big Wall Climbing . Kaye and Ward Ltd. . 1974 . 0 7182 0967 2 . London UK . 18, 76, 77, 114, 115, 122.