List of golf courses designed by Old Tom Morris explained

Old Tom Morris (16 June 1821 – 24 May 1908) designed or remodelled about 75 golf courses throughout his life in the British Isles,^[1] including The Open Championship courses of Prestwick, the Old Course at St Andrews, Muirfield, Royal Portrush, and Carnoustie.^[2] GolfPass has said that "You could make an argument that Old Tom Morris is the greatest golf course architect who ever lived".^{[3] [4]}

Career

Morris started designing golf courses whilst working at Carnoustie, when he was employed as an apprentice to Allan Robertson.^[5] Many of the courses that he subsequently designed have since been remodelled, but not all of them. In 1850, Allan Robertson initially designed the Carnoustie Golf Links, Old Tom Morris remodelled and extended it to a full 18 holes in the early 1870s.^[6] Carnoustie's only surviving Morris hole is the par 5 6th hole, previously known as "Long", it was officially renamed on 24 September 2003 as "Hogan’s Alley" by the 1999 Open Championship winner at Carnoustie Paul Lawrie in honour of Ben Hogan's victory at the same course in The Open in 1953.^[6]

He also laid out The Himalayas, 9-hole putting course in St Andrews in 1867 for the St Andrews Ladies Golf Club. It lies next to the Old Course, north of the Swilcan Burn. It is thought that it was the first minigolf or 'miniature links' course in the world, and it's now both a 9-hole and 18-hole putting course.

Morris introduced many of the greenskeeping techniques that are still used today, including:

• He standardised the length of a golf course to 18 holes.^[7]
• The first to use a lawn mower to cut putting greens.^[7]
• He is said to have accidentally discovered the benefits of routinely dressing the tops of greens with sand to improve the density and uniformity of the putting turf, when he accidentally spilled a wheelbarrow full of sand onto a green.^[8]
• Using fertilisers, lime, sulfates, and compost to improve the growth of the turf.^[8]
• Using drainage and irrigation to improve linksland golf courses, by digging shallow wells at each green for irrigation and with making minor drainage improvements to bunkers.
• The first strategic design of hazards such that hazards could work as markers so that players could plan their play around them. Before his time, hazards, such as bunkers, were left alone. Morris began managing the state of these hazards.^[8]
• Yardage markers, which tell golfers how far they are from the green. The markers can indicate that they are for example 200 yards, 150 yards, or 100 yards from the green.^[8]
• The first tee boxes, also known as the teeing area. Before his time, golfers would tee off for the next hole from the green they had just played.^[8]

Golf courses designed by Old Tom Morris

Denotes that there is no corroborating evidence to suggest that any other architect was involved in designing the golf course

Country	Golf Club (golf course)	Location	Other architects
Scotland	Alyth Golf Club	Alyth	James Braid	^[9] ^[10]
	Anstruther Golf Club	Anstruther		^[11] ^[12]
	Arbroath Golf Links	Elliot	Willie Fernie, James Braid	^[13] ^[14]
	Askernish Golf Club	Askernish	Martin Ebert	^[15] ^[16]
	Bridge of Allan Golf Club	Bridge of Allan		^[17]
	Callander Golf Club	Callander	Willie Fernie	^[18] ^[19]
	Carnoustie Golf Links (Championship)		Allan Robertson, James Braid, James Wright	^[20] ^[21]
	Crail Golfing Society (Balcomie Links)	Crail		^[22] ^[23]
	Crieff Golf Club (Ferntower)	Crieff	Robert Simpson, James Braid, John Stark	^[24] ^[25]
	Cruden Bay Golf Club (Championship Course)	Cruden Bay	Archie Simpson, Tom Simpson, Herbert Fowler
	Cruden Bay Golf Club (St Olaf Course)	Cruden Bay	Archie Simpson, Tom Simpson, Herbert Fowler	^[26]
	Cullen Links Golf Club	Cullen	Charlie Neaves	^[27] ^[28]
	Dunbar Golf Club	Dunbar	Ben Sayers, James Braid	^[29] ^[30]
	Dunkeld and Birnam Golf Club	Dunkeld		^[31]
	Forfar Golf Club	Forfar	James Braid	^[32] ^[33]
	Glasgow Golf Club	Bearsden	James Braid, Dave Thomas	^[34] ^[35]
	The Golf House Club	Elie		^[36] ^[37]
	Helensburgh Golf Club	Helensburgh	Tom Turnbull, James Braid	^[38] ^[39]
	Kinghorn Golf Club	Kinghorn	Willie Fernie	^[40]
	King James VI Golf Club	Perth		^[41]
	Kingussie Golf Club	Kingussie	Harry Vardon	^[42] ^[43]
	Kirkcaldy Golf Club	Kirkcaldy		^[44]
	Ladybank Golf Club	Ladybank		^[45] ^[46]
	Lanark Golf Club	Lanark	George Sayers, James Braid	^[47] ^[48]
	Leslie Golf Club	Leslie		^[49]
	Leven Links Golf Course	Leven		^[50] ^[51]
	Luffness New Golf Club	Aberlady		^[52] ^[53]
	Lundin Golf Club	Lundin Links	James Braid	^[54] ^[55]
	Machrihanish Golf Club (Championship)	Machrihanish	Charles Hunter, John Henry Taylor, Guy Campbell	^[56] ^[57]
	Montrose Golf Links	Montrose	Willie Park Jr., Harry Colt	^[58] ^[59]
	Moray Golf Club (old course)	Lossiemouth		^[60] ^[61]
	Muirfield	Gullane	Harry Colt, Tom Simpson	^[62] ^[63]
	Nairn Dunbar Golf Club	Nairn	James Braid	^[64]
		Nairn	Archie Simpson, James Braid, Ben Sayers, Mackenzie & Ebert	^[65]
	Newtonmore Golf Club	Newtonmore	Tom Watson, Tom Turnbull	^[66]
	North Berwick Golf Club (The West Links)	North Berwick	Unknown, David Strath, Ben Sayers, C. K. (Cecil Key) Hutchison	^[67] ^[68]
	North Inch Golf Course	Perth		^[69]
	Panmure Golf Club	Barry	James Braid	^[70] ^[71]
	Prestwick Golf Club	Prestwick	—	^[72] ^[73]
	The Royal Burgess Golfing Society of Edinburgh	Barnton, Edinburgh	Willie Park Jr., James Braid, Mackenzie Ross	^[74]
	Royal Dornoch Golf Club		John Henry Taylor, George Duncan	^[75] ^[76]
	Scotscraig Golf Club	Tayport	James Braid	^[77] ^[78]
	St Andrews Ladies’ Putting Club (The Himalayas)	St Andrews		^[79] ^[80]
	St Andrews Links (Jubilee Course)	St Andrews	John Angus, Willie Auchterlonie, Donald Steel	^[81]
	St Andrews Links (New Course)	St Andrews	William Hall Blyth	^[82] ^[83]
	St Andrews Links (Old Course)	St Andrews		^[84] ^[85]
	Stirling Golf Club	Stirling	Henry Cotton, Howard Swan, Willie Fernie, James Braid	^[86] ^[87]
	Strathpeffer Spa Golf Club	Strathpeffer	Willie Park Jr., Tom Vardon	^[88] ^[89]
	Tain Golf Club	Tain		^[90] ^[91]
	Tarland Golf Club	Tarland		^[92]
	Thornhill Golf Club	Thornhill		^[93] ^[94]
	The West Kilbride Golf Club	West Kilbride	James Braid	^[95] ^[96]
England	Cleeve Hill Golf Course	Cheltenham	Alister MacKenzie	^[97] ^[98]
	Cleveland Golf Club	Redcar	Harry Colt, Donald Steel	^[99]
	Dewsbury District Golf Club	Mirfield		^[100]
	Kendal Golf Club	Kendal	Harry Vardon, Tom Vardon, John Henry Taylor	^[101]
	Kettering Golf Club		Mackenzie & Ebert	^[102] ^[103]
	Kirby Muxloe Golf Club	Kirby Muxloe	Simon Gidman	^[104] ^[105]
	Lindrick Golf Club	Anston	Tom Dunn, Willie Park Jr., Alister MacKenzie	^[106] ^[107]
	Mitcham Golf Club	Mitcham	Tom Dunn	^[108]
	Newcastle United Golf Club	Newcastle upon Tyne		^[109]
	Northampton Golf Club	Harlestone	Cameron Sinclair, Donald Steel, Willie Park, Jr., James Braid	^[110]
	Royal Cromer Golf Club	Cromer	James Braid, John Henry Taylor	^[111] ^[112]
	Royal North Devon Golf Club	Westward Ho!		^[113] ^[114]
	Wallasey Golf Club	Wallasey	James Braid, John Henry Taylor, Sandy Herd, Harold Hilton, Fred Hawtree	^[115] ^[116]
	Warkworth Golf Club	Warkworth		^[117]
	West Herts Golf Club	Croxley Green	John Henry Taylor, Alister MacKenzie, Harry Colt	^[118] ^[119]
Northern Ireland
	Royal County Down Golf Club (Annesley Links)	Newcastle	Donald Steel, Mackenzie & Ebert	^[120] ^[121]
	Royal County Down Golf Club (Championship Links)		George L. Baillie, Harry Vardon, Harry Colt, Donald Steel	^[122] ^[123]
	Royal Portrush Golf Club	Portrush	Harry Colt, Mackenzie & Ebert	^[124] ^[125]
Republic of Ireland	Lahinch Golf Club	Lahinch	Charles Gibson, Alister MacKenzie, Martin Hawtree	^[126] ^[127]
	Rosapenna Golf Links (Old Tom Morris Links)	Downings	James Braid, Harry Vardon, Harry Colt, Pat Ruddy	^[128] ^[129]
Isle of Man	Castletown Golf Links	Derbyhaven	Mackenzie Ross	^[130]
	King Edward Bay Golf Club	Douglas		^[131]
	Ramsey Golf Club	Ramsey	George Lowe, James Braid, Steve Marnoch	^[132]
Wales	Pwllheli Golf Club	Pwllheli	James Braid	^[133]

Open Championship courses designed by Old Tom Morris

See also

• List of golf course architects
• Tom Morris Golf Shop

Further reading

• Book: David Malcolm. Tom Morris of St Andrews: The Colossus of Golf 1821 - 1908. 1 July 2011. Birlinn. 978-0-85790-107-1.
• Book: William Tulloch. The Soul of St. Andrews: The Life of Old Tom Morris. 7 November 2010. Fireship Press. 978-1-61179-056-6.
• Book: Tulloch William Weir. The Life of Tom Morris. 14 October 2018. Creative Media Partners, LLC. 978-0-343-11940-9.
• Book: Roger McStravick. St Andrews in the Footsteps of Old Tom Morris. 2015. Saint Andrews Golf Press. 978-0-9571643-6-9.

External links

• Web site: A Sporting Nation: Old Tom Morris. BBC.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Golfers mark legend's anniversary. BBC Scotland. 2020-11-08.
2. Web site: The Grandfather of Golf: Old Tom Morris. Professional Golfers Career College. 2020-11-07.
3. Web site: Celebrating a legend: The 10 best links golf courses influenced by Old Tom Morris. Golf Advisor. 2020-11-09.
4. Web site: What courses did Old Tom Morris design. C&C Investment Syndicate. 31 October 2020. 31 May 2022 . 10 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201110130611/https://cncassetworld.com/journal/what-courses-did-old-tom-morris-design-ff3ee7. dead.
5. Web site: Allan Robertson. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-09.
6. Web site: Championship. Carnoustie Golf Club. 2020-11-09.
7. Web site: History & Heritage. Dornoch Firth Golf . 2020-12-26.
8. Web site: Evolution of the Golf Green. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2020-12-26.
9. Web site: Alyth Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
10. Web site: Alyth. Carnoustie Country. 2020-11-07.
11. Web site: Old Tom Morris-Old Tom Morris Designed Courses. Golf Advisor. 2020-11-08.
12. Web site: Anstruther Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-08.
13. Web site: Arbroath Golf Links. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
14. Web site: Arbroath. Carnoustie Country. 2020-11-07.
15. Web site: Askernish Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
16. Web site: Askernish. Fine Golf. 2020-11-07.
17. Web site: Bridge of Allan Golf Club. Golfshake.com Ltd. 2020-11-08.
18. Web site: Callander Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
19. Web site: Callander Golf Club given approval to build new clubhouse. Daily Record (Scotland). 2020-11-07.
20. Web site: Carnoustie Golf Links (Championship). Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
21. Web site: Carnoustie. The Consummate Pro. 2020-11-07.
22. Web site: Crail (Balcomie). Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
23. Web site: Crail Golfing Society (Balcomie Links) . Golf Travel Scotland. 2020-11-07.
24. Web site: Crieff (Ferntower). Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
25. Web site: Crieff Golf Club - Ferntower Course . golfboo.com. 2020-11-07.
26. Web site: Cruden Bay Golf Club. Golf Europe. 2020-11-07.
27. Web site: Cullen Links. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
28. Web site: Cullen Links Golf Course . Visit Moray Speyside. 2020-11-07.
29. Web site: Dunbar Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
30. Web site: Played by NCG: Dunbar. National Club Golfer . 2020-11-07.
31. Web site: Dunkeld and Birnam Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-08.
32. Web site: Forfar Golf Club . Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
33. Web site: Forfar Golf Club turbine plan 'would have Old Tom Morris turning in his grave'. The Courier (Dundee). 2020-11-07.
34. Web site: Glasgow Golf Club (Killermont) . Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-08.
35. Web site: Glasgow Golf Club. Golfshake.com Ltd. 2020-11-08.
36. Web site: Elie . Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
37. Web site: Elie Golf Club. The Consummate Pro . 2020-11-07.
38. Web site: Helensburgh Golf Club . Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-08.
39. Web site: Helensburgh Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-08.
40. Web site: 1812 Kinghorn. Scottish Golf History. 2020-11-08.
41. Web site: King James VI Golf Club. PSP Media Group . 2020-11-08.
42. Web site: Kingussie Golf Club . Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-08.
43. Web site: Kingussie Golf Club. Fairways of the World.com. 2020-11-08.
44. Web site: Kirkcaldy Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-08.
45. Web site: Ladybank Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-08.
46. Web site: History. Ladybank Golf Club. 2020-11-08.
47. Web site: Lanark Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-08.
48. Web site: Lanark. Fine Golf. 2020-11-08.
49. Web site: Leslie Golf Club. Golfshake.com Ltd. 2020-11-08.
50. Web site: Leven Links. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-08.
51. Web site: Leven Links Golf Course. VisitScotland. 2020-11-08.
52. Web site: Luffness New Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-08.
53. Web site: 1872 Old Luffness - Luffness New and Gullane 2. Scottish Golf History. 2020-11-08.
54. Web site: Lundin Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-08.
55. Web site: Lundin Golf Club. Visit Fife Golf. 2020-11-08.
56. Web site: Machrihanish Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-08.
57. Web site: Machrihanish Golf Club. Plant Golf. 2020-11-08.
58. Web site: Montrose (1562). Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-09.
59. Web site: Montrose Golf Links Limited . Montrose Golf Links . 2020-11-08.
60. Web site: Moray (Old) . Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-09.
61. Web site: Moray Golf Club. The Consummate Pro . 2020-11-08.
62. Web site: Muirfied - Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-10.
63. Web site: Muirfield Links. northberwick.org.uk. 2020-11-08.
64. Web site: Nairn Dunbar Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-10.
65. Web site: Mackenzie & Ebert in progress with changes at Nairn. Tudor Rose (Golf Course Architecture) . 2020-11-10.
66. Web site: Club History. Newtonmore Golf Club. 2020-11-10.
67. Web site: North Berwick Golf Club (West). Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-10.
68. Web site: Ben Sayers Golf Clubs Awarded First Prize at 1920 Trade Exhibition. northberwick.org.uk. 2020-11-10.
69. Web site: North Inch Golf Course. Golf Now. 2020-11-10.
70. Web site: Panmure Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-10.
71. Web site: Panmure Golf Club. leadingcourses.com. 2020-11-10.
72. Web site: Famous Golf Course Designers-Old Tom Morris (1821 – 1908). Professional Golfers Career College. 2020-11-07.
73. Web site: Prestwick Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-10.
74. Web site: Royal Burgess Golfing Society. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-10.
75. Web site: Royal Dornoch Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-10.
76. Web site: Royal Dornoch Golf Club. Bauer Consumer Media. 2020-11-10.
77. Web site: Tom Morris Golf Courses In Scotland. All Square . 2020-11-07.
78. Web site: Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland. Golf Advisor. 2020-11-07.
79. Web site: St Andrews Ladies' Putting Club. National Club Golfer. 2021-05-15.
80. Web site: Club History. St Andrews Ladies’ Putting Club. 2021-05-15.
81. Web site: Tom Morris Golf Courses In Scotland. Ru Macdoanld – Scottish Golf Podcast. 2020-11-07.
82. Web site: St Andrews (New). Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
83. Web site: New Course . standrewsopen.com/. 2020-11-07.
84. Web site: St Andrews (Old) . Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
85. Web site: The Old Course. The Consummate Pro. 2020-11-11.
86. Web site: Stirling Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
87. Web site: Stirling Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-11.
88. Web site: Strathpeffer Spa Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
89. Web site: Strathpeffer Spa Golf Club. Golf Advisor. 2020-11-11.
90. Web site: Tain Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
91. Web site: Tain Golf Club. VisitScotland. 2020-11-11.
92. Web site: Tarland Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-11.
93. Web site: Thornhill Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
94. . There is nothing quite like a trip 'Home' to Scotland . Yorkshire Golfer . Batley . League Weekly. 20 . September 2019. 2020-11-11.
95. Web site: The West Kilbride Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
96. Web site: The West Kilbride Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-11.
97. Web site: Cleeve Hill Golf Course. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
98. Web site: The Need to Save Cleeve Hill Golf Club. Golfshake.com Ltd. 2020-11-11.
99. Web site: The best links course you've never thought of playing. National Club Golfer. 2020-11-11.
100. Web site: Dewsbury District Golf Club. PSP Media Group. 2020-11-11.
101. Web site: Kendal Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-11.
102. Web site: Kettering Golf Club . Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
103. Web site: Kettering Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-11.
104. Web site: Kirby Muxloe Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
105. Web site: Kirby Muxloe Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-11.
106. Web site: Lindrick Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
107. Web site: Lindrick. National Club Golfer. 2020-11-11.
108. Web site: Mitcham Golf Club. London Golf Guide . 2020-11-11.
109. Web site: Newcastle United Golf Club. England Golf. 2020-11-11.
110. Web site: Northampton Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-11.
111. Web site: Royal Cromer Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
112. Web site: Royal Cromer. National Club Golfer. 2020-11-11.
113. Web site: Royal North Devon Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
114. Web site: Royal North Devon. National Club Golfer. 2020-11-11.
115. Web site: Wallasey. National Club Golfer. 2020-11-11.
116. Web site: Wallasey Golf Club. where2golf.com. 2020-11-11.
117. Web site: Warkworth Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-10.
118. Web site: West Herts Golf Club. Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
119. Web site: West Herts Golf Club. Golf Now. 2020-11-11.
120. Web site: Annesley Links. Golf Now. 2020-11-10.
121. Web site: Royal County Down Golf Club - Annesley Links. Golf Advisor. 2020-11-07.
122. Web site: Royal County Down (Championship) . Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-10.
123. Web site: Royal County Down Golf Club - Annesley Links. Golf Advisor. 2020-11-07.
124. Web site: Royal Portrush (Dunluce) . Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
125. Web site: Royal Portrush. The New York Times. 2020-11-10.
126. Web site: Lahinch Golf Club . Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-11.
127. Web site: Lahinch. The Consummate Pro. 2020-11-10.
128. Web site: Rosapenna Golf Links (Old Tom Morris). Top 100 Golf Courses. 2020-11-07.
129. Web site: Rosapenna, Old Tom Morris Links. The Consummate Pro. 2020-11-07.
130. Web site: Castletown Golf Links in Isle of Man. Digital Sports Rights Ltd. 2020-11-08.
131. Web site: Pwllheli Golf Club. Isle of Man Government. 2020-11-08.
132. Web site: Ramsey Golf Club . 2020-11-11 . Bauer Media Group.
133. Web site: Pwllheli Golf Club. PSP Media Group . 2020-11-08.