List of genocides committed by the United States explained

Throughout its history, the United States has been accused of either directly committing or being complicit in acts of genocide and ethnic cleansing, both within the modern borders of its territory and abroad. The detailed list at the international level mainly includes killings of members of a specific group of people, which is one of the elements of the definition given by the UN^[1], however this definition is including acts with mental or other physical elements not widely covered by this list. The list at the national level attempts to include all those cases described in the 1948 UN convention on genocide.

Domestic

This section provides a list of Wikipedia entries that mention acts of genocide in the territory of the United States after its independence from the United Kingdom. It includes both massacres of native Indian populations, as well as other aspects of cultural genocide as defined by the United Nations.^{[2] [3]}

• • • Native American genocide in the United States California genocide
  • Sullivan Expedition
  • Trail of Tears
  • Potawatomi Trail of Death
  • Sand Creek massacre
  • Rogue River Wars
  • Snake War
  • Long Walk of the Navajo
  • Comanche campaign
  • Yavapai Wars
  • Wounded Knee Massacre
  • Dakota War of 1862
  • Gnadenhutten massacre
• Cultural genocide in the United States^[4]
• Black genocide in the United States^[5] (including this link is currently under discussion, as it is still debated whether the term ‘black genocide’ has a place in this list).

International

This section lists those pages that meet the UN definition of genocide where the United States has been involved. It does not include massacres subject to dispute on Wikipedia, or acts of war such as the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings. In the case of Vietnam War the International War Crimes Tribunal supported the qualification as genocide, although their conclusions have been disputed^{[6] [7]}, therefore the Sơn Thắng massacre and My Lai massacre are considered war crimes but not unanimously genocide. In the case of Korean War is also controversial that the United States committed a genocide^[8] or just war crimes, therefore the list is not including: No Gun Ri massacre.^{[9] [10] [11]} During the Vietnam War it has been considered that part of the war strategy of the United States in Vietnam was an ecocide^{[12] [13]} .

• Bangladesh genocide (complicity)^{[14] [15] [16]}
• Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66 (complicity)^[17]
• Gaza genocide (alleged complicity)^{[18] [19]}

See also

• List of genocides
• List of genocides committed by the Soviet Union
• Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples^[20]
• List of Indian massacres in North America

Notes and References

1. Web site: Nations . United . Definitions of Genocide and Related Crimes . 2024-11-29 . United Nations . en.
2. Web site: 2023-08-02 . Genocide Of Indigenous Peoples - Holocaust Museum Houston . 2024-11-29 . hmh.org . en-US.
3. Book: Genocide of indigenous peoples . 2011 . Transaction Publishers . 978-1-4128-1495-9 . Totten . Samuel . Genocide : a critical bibliographic review . New Brunswick . Hitchcock . Robert K..
4. Web site: United States of America . 2024-11-30 . genocidewatch . en.
5. Flauzina . Pinheiro . Nonnegotiable lives: international criminal justice and the denial of black genocide in Brazil and the United States . 2012-11-07 . thesis . ProQuest . en.
6. Web site: Foster . Cody J. . 2017 . Did America Commit War Crimes in Vietnam . The New York Times.
7. Fein . Helen . 1993 . Discriminating Genocide from War Crimes: Vietnam and Afghanistan Reexamined. . Denver Journal of International Law & Policy . 22 . 1.
8. KIM . DONG CHOON . 2004-12-01 . Forgotten war, forgotten massacres—the Korean War (1950–1953) as licensed mass killings . Journal of Genocide Research . 6 . 4 . 523–544 . 10.1080/1462352042000320592 . 1462-3528.
9. Baik . Tae-Ung . 2012-01-01 . A War Crime against an Ally's Civilians: The No Gun Ri Massacre . Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy . 15 . 2 . 455 . 0883-3648.
10. Book: Truth and reconciliation in South Korea: between the present and future of the Korean wars . 2013 . Routledge . 978-0-415-62241-7 . Sŏ . Chae-jŏng . Sŏ, Chae-jŏng . London.
11. Hanley . Charles J. . 2010-12-01 . : Official Narrative and Inconvenient Truths . Critical Asian Studies . 10.1080/14672715.2010.515389 . 1467-2715.
12. Web site: Ecocide Sciences Po Violence de masse et Résistance - Réseau de recherche . 2024-11-30 . www.sciencespo.fr . fr.
13. Book: Weisberg, Barry . Ecocide in Indochina : the ecology of war. . San Francisco : Canfield Press . 1970.
14. News: 2023-12-04 . Henry Kissinger’s role in Bengali massacre . 2024-11-30 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077.
15. Web site: Magazine . Smithsonian . Boissoneault . Lorraine . The Genocide the U.S. Can't Remember, But Bangladesh Can't Forget . 2024-11-30 . Smithsonian Magazine . en.
16. Web site: Rep. Chabot . Steve [R-OH-1 |date=2022-10-14 |title=Text - H.Res.1430 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Recognizing the Bangladesh Genocide of 1971. |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-resolution/1430/text |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=www.congress.gov].
17. Web site: Perry . Juliet . 2016-07-21 . Tribunal: Indonesia guilty of 1965 genocide . 2024-11-28 . CNN . en.
18. Web site: Amnesty International Warns of U.S. Complicity in War Crimes in Gaza . 2024-11-30 . Amnesty International USA . en-US.
19. Web site: Bhabha . Faisal A. . Matthews . Heidi . Fadel . Mohammad . 2024-01-28 . Ruling by UN’s top court means Canada and the U.S. could be complicit in Gaza genocide . 2024-11-30 . The Conversation . en-US.
20. Web site: Confronting genocide in Canada CMHR . 2024-11-29 . humanrights.ca . en.