List of individual gemstones explained

A number of individual gemstones are famous in their own right, either because of their size and beauty or because of the people who owned or wore them.

Aquamarines

• Dom Pedro, the world's largest cut and polished aquamarine. It is currently housed in the Janet Annenberg Hooker Hall of Geology of the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C..^[1]

Diamonds

See List of diamonds

Emeralds

See main article: List of emeralds by size.

• Bahia Emerald^[2]
• Carolina Emperor,^{[3] [4]} 310 carats uncut, 64.8 carats cut; discovered in the United States in 2009, resides in the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, US
• Chalk Emerald
• Duke of Devonshire Emerald
• Emerald of Saint Louis,^[5] 51.60 carats cut; discovered in Austria, probably Habachtal, resides in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris
• Gachalá Emerald^[6]
• Mogul Mughal Emerald, 217.80 carats cut; mined in Colombia and cut in the Mughal empire in Hijri year 1107 (1695–1696), resides in the Museum of Islamic Art, Doha, Qatar^{[7] [8]}
• Patricia Emerald,^[9] 632 carats uncut, dihexagonal (12 sided); discovered in Colombia in 1920, resides in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, US

Opals

• Andamooka Opal, presented to Queen Elizabeth II, also known as the Queen's Opal
• Flame Queen Opal
• Galaxy Opal
• Halley's Comet Opal, the world's largest uncut black opal
• Olympic Australis Opal, reported to be the largest and most valuable gem opal ever found

Pearls

See main article: List of pearls by size.

• Abernathy Pearl
• Arco Valley Pearl
• La Peregrina
• Pearl of Lao Tzu
• Pearl of Puerto, largest known pearl
• Servilia's pearl, most expensive pearl of all time

Rubies

See main article: List of rubies by size.

• DeLong Star Ruby
• Midnight Star Ruby
• Neelanjali Ruby
• Rajaratna Ruby
• Rosser Reeves Ruby

Sapphires

See main article: List of sapphires by size.

• • Logan Sapphire Star of Bombay, given to Mary Pickford by Douglas Fairbanks, Sr
• Star of India
• Stuart Sapphire
• Black Star of Queensland
• Star of Adam, with a weight of 1404.49carat, it is the largest star sapphire in the world.
• Queen Marie of Romania Sapphire

Spinels

• Black Prince's Ruby, actually a spinel mounted on the Imperial State Crown
• Samarian Spinel, the world's largest spinel
• Timur Ruby, believed to be a ruby until 1851, hence its name

Topazes

• American Golden Topaz, the largest cut yellow topaz, weighing nearly 23,000 carats (4.6 kg).
• Chalmers Topaz, a 5899.5carat cut topaz.

Tsavorite

• Lion of Merelani, a square cushion cut tsavorite that weighs 116.76 carats and has 177 facets. It is on display at the Smithsonian Institution.

See also

• List of gold nuggets by size
• List of minerals

External links

• Gemdat.org – The Gemstone Database
• Gemsociety.org – Gemstone Toxicity Table

Notes and References

1. Web site: Smithsonian ScienceMagnificent Dom Pedro aquamarine to go on view in the Smithsonian's Natural History Museum - Smithsonian Science . https://web.archive.org/web/20140705193815/http://smithsonianscience.org/2012/12/dom-pedro-aquamarine-to-go-on-view-at-the-smithsonians-natural-history-museum/ . 2014-07-05 .
2. Web site: Judge to decide who owns 250 million Bahia emerald.html. The Daily Telegraph, UK. September 24, 2010. December 31, 2010. Nick. Allen.
3. Web site: North Carolina emerald: Big, green and very rare . Gast . Phil . 2013-10-08 . 2010-09-01 . CNN . Cable News Network (Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.).
4. Web site: N.C. gems to shine at museum . Stancill . Jane . 2013-10-08 . 2012-03-16 . . The News & Observer Publishing Co. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120327194244/http://www.newsobserver.com/2012/03/16/1935490/nc-gems-to-shine-at-museum.html . 2012-03-27 .
5. Web site: Emeraude de Saint Louis – St Louis Emerald . CRPG: Le Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques . 8 February 2017.
6. Web site: Gachala Emerald . National Museum of Natural History . Smithsonian Institution . 2017 . February 8, 2017.
7. Web site: A Magnificent Carved Emerald . . September 27, 2010.
8. Web site: The World's Largest Emeralds . International Gem Society.
9. Web site: Patricia Emerald. AMNH. en-US. 2017-12-09.