The Eastern Hills of Bogotá is a threatened but rich area of biodiversity. Various species have been registered in the Eastern Hills of the Colombian capital.
In the Eastern Hills a total of 443 species of flora have been identified, of which 156 species in 111 genera and 64 families of vascular plants.[1]
| Family | Genera | Species | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orchideae | 33 | 118 | |
| Bromeliaceae | 10 | 47 | |
| Asteraceae | 9 | 38 | |
| Ericaceae | 8 | 19 | |
| Melastomaceae | 9 | 18 | |
| Rosaceae | 6 | 15 | |
| Rubiaceae | 6 | 11 |
A study published in 2013 lists as most important and characteristic species:[2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
| Name | Species | Image |
|---|---|---|
| eagle fern | Pteridium aquilinum | |
| encenillo | Weinmannia tomentosa | |
| Drimys granadensis | ||
| Axinaea macrophylla | ||
| Bejaria resinosa | ||
| Carex jamesonii | ||
| Cavendishia bracteata | ||
| Chaetogastra grossa, syn. Tibouchina grossa | ||
| Chusquea scandens | ||
| Clusia multiflora | ||
| Disterigma alaternoides | ||
| Gaiadendron punctatum | ||
| Holodiscus argenteus | ||
| Lycopodium thyoides | ||
| Macleania rupestris | ||
| Munnozia senecionidis | ||
| Myrcianthes rhopaloides | ||
| Myrsine coriaceae | ||
| Myrsine guianensis | ||
| Odontoglossum lindenii | ||
| Oreopanax floribundum | ||
| Tillandsia pastensis | ||
| Tillandsia turneri | ||
| Ugni myricoides | ||
| Asplenium serra | ||
| Begonia urticae | ||
| Clethra fimbriata | ||
| Diplostephium rosmarinifolium | ||
| Elaphoglossum minutum | ||
| Geissanthus andinus | ||
| Hedyosmun parvifolium | ||
| Hypnum amabile | ||
| Macrocarpaea glabra | ||
| Miconia squamulosa | ||
| Monochaetum myrtoideum | ||
| Morella parvifolia | ||
| Ocotea sericea | ||
| Oreopanax bogotensis | ||
| Oreopanax mutisianus | ||
| Pentacalia vaccinioides | ||
| Peperomia rotundata | ||
| Persea mutissi | ||
| Piper bogotense | ||
| Pleurothallis grandiflora | ||
| Psychotria boqueronensis | ||
| Rhamnus goudotiana | ||
| Solanum oblongifolium | ||
| Weinmannia rollottii | ||
Colombia is the country with the most recorded bird species (1912 as of 2014) in the world.[7] The biodiversity of bird species in the Eastern Hills is higher than in the parks of urban Bogotá. The northern part of the reserve is richer in bird species due to the dense forests and larger space between the urban zones. Birds of 30 families, 92 genera and 119 species have been identified in the Eastern Hills.[1] A study in 2011 provided data on 67 species in an area of 75ha.[8] The observation stations were between 2674m (8,773feet) and 3065m (10,056feet) in elevation.[9]
| Common name | Species | Image | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acestrura mulsant | |||
| Amblycercus holosericeus | |||
| Ampelion rubrocristatus | |||
| Anisognathus igniventris | |||
| Arremon torquatus | |||
| Atlapetes pallidinucha | |||
| Atlapetes schistaceus | |||
| Basileuterus coronatus | |||
| Basileuterus nigrocristatus | |||
| Buteo platypterus | |||
| Caprimulgus longirostris | |||
| Catamenia analis | |||
| Catamenia inornata | |||
| Catharus ustulatus | |||
| Cinnycerthia unirufa | |||
| Coccyzus americanus | |||
| Coeligena bonapartei | |||
| Colinus cristatus | |||
| Conirostrum rufum | |||
| Coragyps atratus | |||
| Dendroica fusca | |||
| Diglossa albilatera | |||
| Diglossa caerulescens | |||
| Diglossa carbonaria | |||
| Diglossa cyanea | |||
| Diglossa humeralis | |||
| Elaenia frantzii | |||
| Elanus leucurus | |||
| Eriocnemis vestita | |||
| Falco sparverius | |||
| Glaucidium jardinii | |||
| Grallaria ruficapilla | |||
| Hemispingus melanotis | |||
| Hemispingus superciliaris | |||
| Henicorhina leucophrys | |||
| Hirundo rustica | |||
| Iridosornis rufivertex | |||
| Lesbia nuna | |||
| Mecocerculus leucophrys | |||
| Metallura thyrianthina | |||
| Myioborus ornatus | |||
| Myiotheretes striaticollis | |||
| Notiochelidon murina | |||
| Patagioenas fasciata | |||
| Penelope montagnii | |||
| Phrygilus unicolor | |||
| Picoides fumigatus | |||
| Pipraeidea melanonota | |||
| Ramphomicron microrhynchum | |||
| Sturnella magna | |||
| Troglodytes aedon | |||
| Turdus fuscater | |||
| Tyrannus tyrannus | |||
| Zenaida auriculata | |||
| Zonotrichia capensis | |||
| Buthraupis eximia | |||
| Coeligena helianthea | |||
| Ochthoeca fumicolor | |||
| Dubusia taeniata | |||
| Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus | |||
| Eriocnemis cupreoventris | |||
| Asthenes flammulata | |||
| Colibri coruscans | |||
| Icterus chrysater | |||
| Scytalopus griseicollis | |||
| Ciccaba albitarsis | |||
| Synallaxis subpudica | |||
| Phyllomyias uropygialis | |||
| Megascops albogularis |
Mammals of 14 families, 17 genera and 18 species have been identified in the Eastern Hills.[1] Until the first half of the twentieth century, the Eastern Hills were populated by larger species as the puma, spectacled bear and white-tailed deer, but these species have been hunted to extinction.[10]
| Common name | Species | Image | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cerdocyon thous | |||
| Cuniculus taczanowskii | |||
| Didelphis albiventris | |||
| Lasiurus borealis | |||
| Leopardus tigrinus | |||
| Mustela frenata | |||
| Nasuella olivacea | |||
| Sciurus granatensis | |||
| Sylvilagus brasiliensis | |||
| Thomasomys laniger | |||
| Thomasomys niveipes | |||
| Cryptotis thomasi | |||
| Cavia anolaimae |
Reptiles of four families, five genera and five species have been identified in the Eastern Hills.[1] [11] Of these species, only the lizards Anadia bogotensis and Proctoporus striatus have been found on the Guadalupe Hill.[12] The striped lightbulb lizard is also present on the terrain of the Universidad de los Andes.[13]
| Common name | Species | Image | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phenacosaurus heterodermus | |||
| Proctoporus striatus | |||
| Stenocercus trachycephalus | |||
| Atractus crassicaudatus | |||
| Anadia bogotensis |
Amphibians of four families, six genera and nine species have been identified in the Eastern Hills.[1] [11] [10]
| Common name | Species | Image | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bolitoglossa adspersa | |||
| Centrolene buckleyi | |||
| Colostethus subpunctatus | |||
| Eleutherodactylus bogotensis | |||
| Eleutherodactylus elegans | |||
| Hyla labialis | |||
| Hyla bogotensis | |||
| Colostethus edwardsi |
Three species of fish have been identified in the waters of the Eastern Hills.[11] [10] Of Trichomycterus venulosus only two specimens have been found, and it is thought the species is extinct in the rivers of the Eastern Hills, which may have to do with the introduction of trout.[14]
| Common name | Species | Image | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rainbow trout | Oncorhynchus mykiss | ||
| Trichomycterus venulosus | |||
| Trichomycterus bogotense |
In the Eastern Hills two species of butterflies have been identified.[15]
| Common name | Species | Image | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dryas iulia | |||
| Leptophobia aripa aripa |