List of first women lawyers and judges in Europe explained

Albania

• Erifili Bezhani (1952):^{[1] [2]} First Albanian female lawyer. She graduated and practiced law in France before being convicted by Albania's Communist Regime.^[3]
• Natasha Sheshi:^{[4] [5] [6]} First female to serve as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Albania (1992)
• Ina Rama (b. 1972):^{[7] [8]} First female to serve as the Prosecutor General of Albania (2007–2012)
• :^{[9] [10]} First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Albania (2008–2013)
• Vitore Tushë:^{[11] [12]} First female to serve as the Acting President of the Constitutional Court of Albania (2019)

Andorra

• Rosa Ferràndiz:^[13] First (female) notary in Andorra (1998)
• Sonia Artal Conesa (2013):^[14] First female lawyer of Spanish nationality to practice in Andorra
• Maria Teresa Armengol Bonet:^[15] First female to serve as a member of the Superior Council of Justice of Andorra (2005)
• Laurence Burgogue-Larsen:^{[16] [17] [18]} First female appointed as a Judge (2012) and President (2014) of the Constitutional Court of Andorra

Austria

• Marianne Beth (1928):^[19] First female to earn a law degree (1921) and become a lawyer in Austria
• Johanna Kundmann and Gertrude Jaklin (née Sollinger):^{[20] [21] [22]} First female judges in Austria (1947)
• Margarete Haimberger-Tanzer:^[23] First female to serve as a criminal judge in Austria (1950)
• Gerda Meissl:^[24] First female prosecutor in Austria (upon becoming a public prosecutor in Vienna in 1951)
• Ingrid Petrik: First female to serve as a Justice of the Supreme Administrative Court of Austria (1986) and serve as its Vice President (1986) and President (1988)
• Ilse Kellner:^{[25] [26]} First female to serve as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Austria (1987)
• Lisbeth Lass:^[27] First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Austria (1994)
• Birgit Langer: First female to serve as the Vice President of the Supreme Court of Austria (2005)
• Irmgard Griss:^[28] First female to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of Austria (2007–2011)
• Brigitte Bierlein:^{[29] [30] [31]} First female to serve as the Advocate General in the Procurator's Office at the Supreme Court (1990), Vice-President (2002) and President of the Constitutional Court of Austria (2018)
• Margit Kraker: First female to serve as President of the Court of Auditors of Austria (2016)
• Margit Wachberger:^[32] First female to serve as the Head of the General Procuratorate of Austria (2023)

Belarus

• Olga Filippovna Sukhanova:^{[33] [34]} First female to serve as the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the BSSR (1936)
• Isabella Martsinovich:^[35] First female to earn a Doctor of Laws (1969) and become a law professor (1971) in Belarus
• Lilia Vlasova and Natalia Kozyrenko:^{[36] [37] [38]} First female lawyers to establish a private law practice in post-Soviet Belarus (1990)
• Valentina Ivanovna Miroshnik:^[39] First Belarusian female to serve as a Judge of the Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States (1992)
• Rimma Ivanovna Filipchik, Podgrusha Valentina Vasilyevna, and Kenik (Khoma) Ksenia Ivanovna:^[40] First females to serve as Judges of the Constitutional Court of Belarus (1994)
• Natalia Iosifovna Andreichik:^{[41] [42]} First female to serve as the President of the Belarusian Republican Bar Association (1997)
• Olga Gennadyevna Sergeeva:^[43] First female to serve as the Deputy Chairperson of the Constitutional Court of Belarus (2012)

Belgium

• Marie Popelin:^[44] First female to earn a doctorate in law in Belgium in 1888, but denied the right to practice as a lawyer
• Paule Lemy and Marcelle Renson (1922):^{[45] [46] [47] [48]} The first women who took the oath of lawyer in Belgium
• Geneviève Janssen-Pevtschin (1937):^{[49] [50] [51]} First female judge in Belgium (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Brussels Court of First Instance in 1948)
• Odette Virlée-Leclef:^{[52] [53]} First female to serve as the Chairperson of a Bar Association in Belgium (upon becoming the Chairperson of the Dinant Bar in 1968)
• Lucie Deltour:^[54] First female to serve as the president of a Belgian court (1977)
• Cecile Draps:^[55] First female appointed as a lawyer at the Court of Cassation of Belgium (1980)
• Irène Pétry:^{[56] [57]} First female to serve as a Judge (1984) and President (1991) of the Court of Arbitration of Belgium (Francophone Group) [renamed as the [[Constitutional Court (Belgium)|Constitutional Court of Belgium]] in 2007]
• :^{[58] [59]} First female appointed as an Attorney General for a Belgian Court of Appeal (upon her appointment to the Liège Court of Appeal in 1996)
• Beatrijs Deconinck:^[60] First female justice to serve as the First President of the Court of Cassation of Belgium (2019)
• Hilde François:^[61] First female to serve as the Senior President of the Court of Audit of Belgium (2023)
• Ann Fransen:^[62] First female federal prosecutor in Belgium (2024)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Mira Gavrilovich:^{[63] [64] [65]} First female lawyer and judge in Bosnia and Herzegovina when the country was part of Yugoslavia
• Azra Omeragić:^{[66] [67] [68]} First female to serve as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the post-Dayton period (1998)
• Meddžida Kreso:^{[69] [70]} First female to serve as a Judge and President of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2004)
• Amila Kunosic-Ferizovic:^[71] First female to serve as the President of the Bar Association of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2008)
• Gordana Tadic:^[72] First female to serve as the Chief State Prosecutor of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2019)

Bulgaria

• Vera Zlatareva (1945):^[73] First female lawyer in Bulgaria
• Neviana Hristova:^{[74] [75]} First female lawyer to become a prosecutor in Bulgaria (1953)
• Milena Zhabinska:^[76] First female to serve as a Judge of Constitutional Court of the Republic of Bulgaria (1991–1994)
• Yordanka Hadzhineva:^[77] First female to serve as a member of the Supreme Judicial Council of Bulgaria (1991)
• Snezhana Botusharova:^[78] First female elected in respect of Bulgaria to serve as a Judge of the European Court of Human Rights (1998–2008)
• Anya Dimova:^{[79] [80]} First female appointed as the Appellate Prosecutor of the Supreme Judicial Council of Bulgaria (2004)
• Daniela Dokovska:^[81] First female to serve as the President of the Supreme Bar Council of Bulgaria (2008)
• Tsanka Tsankova:^{[82] [83]} First female to serve as the Acting Chair of the Constitutional Court of Bulgaria (2012–2013)
• Pavlina Panova:^[84] First female to serve as the Chair of the Constitutional Court of Bulgaria (2021)
• Galina Zaharova:^[85] First female to serve as the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of Cassation of Bulgaria (2022)

Croatia

• Mara Ilić (1929):^[86] First female lawyer in Croatia
• Miroslava Vekić and Erika Kocijančić:^{[87] [88] [89]} First females to serve as Judges of the Supreme Court of Croatia upon the court's creation in 1990
• Emilija Rajić (1973) and Jasna Omejec (1985):^{[90] [91]} First females to serve as Judges of the Constitutional Court of Croatia (1999)
• Jasna Omejec (1985): First female to serve as the Constitutional Court of Croatia's President (2008–2016)
• Branka Ćiraković:^[92] First female to serve as the Acting President of the High Commercial Court of the Republic of Croatia (2008)
• Tamara Laptoš:^[93] First female to serve as the Director of the Office for the Suppression of Corruption and Organized Crime (a specialized body within the State's Attorney Office of the Republic of Croatia; 2014)
• Zlata Hrvoj-Šipek:^[94] First female to serve as the Attorney General of the State's Attorney Office of the Republic of Croatia (2020)
• Iva Markotić Bagarić:^[95] First female to serve as the President of the Croatian Bar Association (2024)

Cyprus

• Stella Soulioti (1951):^{[96] [97]} First female lawyer in Cyprus. She later became the first female Attorney General of Cyprus.^[98]
• Gönül Başaran Erönen (1975):^[99] First female judge in Cyprus (upon her appointment as a Judge of the District Court of Cyprus in 1980)
• Efi Papadopoulou (1970):^[100] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Cyprus (2004)
• Persephone Panagi:^[101] First female to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of Cyprus (2020)

Northern Cyprus

• Shefika Hassan Hilmi Durduran (c. 1970s):^[102] First Turkish Cypriot woman to have registered to practice law in Northern Cyprus
• Gönül Başaran Erönen (1975): First female appointed as a Justice of the Northern Cyprus Supreme Court (1994)
• Emine Dizdarlı:^[103] First female Ombudsman of Northern Cyprus (2015)
• Narin Ferdi Şefik:^[104] First female to serve as the President of the Northern Cyprus Supreme Court (2015)

Czech Republic

• Anděla Kozáková-Jírová:^{[105] [106]} First female to obtain a legal diploma in the Czech Republic in 1923. She became the country's first female notary in 1928.
• Matylda Mocová-Wíchová (1928):^{[105] [106] [107]} First female lawyer in the Czech Republic^[108]
• Zdeňka Patschová:^[109] First female judge in the 1930s when the country was a part of Czechoslovakia
• Viera Strážnická:^[110] First female to serve as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1991–1992)
• Iva Brozova, Eva Zarembová, and Ivana Janů:^{[111] [112] [113]} First females appointed as Judges of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic respectively (1993)
• Ivana Janů: First female to serve as the Vice President of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic.^[114]
• Kateřina Hornochová:^{[115] [116] [117]} First female to serve as a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic when the court was restructured in 1993
• Bohumíra Kopečná:^[118] First female to serve as the Supreme Public Prosecutor of the Czech Republic (1994)
• Eliška Wagnerová:^[119] First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic (1998-2002)
• Michaela Bejčková, Miluše Došková, Lenka Kaniová, Lenka Matyášová, Milada Tomková, Eliška Cihlářová, Brigita Chrastilová, Dagmar Nygrínová, Marie Souckova, Marie Turkova, Ludmila Valentová and Marie Žišková:^{[120] [121]} First females to serve as Judges of the Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic (2003)
• Monika Novotná:^[122] First female to serve as the Vice-President of the Czech Bar Association (2019)

Denmark

• Nanna Kristensen-Randers:^[123] First female to obtain a legal diploma in Denmark in 1887
• Henny Magnussen (1909):^{[124] [125]} First woman to be permitted to work in the high courts of Denmark. Nanna Kristensen-Randers, who received a legal diploma in 1887, was not authorized to work in the country's high courts but was restricted to the lower courts.
• Elisa Ussing (1909):^[126] First female temporarily appointed as a Judge in the Østre Landsret (One of the high courts of Denmark; 1933). She was officially appointed to the aforementioned court in 1939.
• Ragnhild Fabricius Gjellerup:^{[127] [128]} First female judge in Denmark (1934)
• Ingeborg Hansen:^[129] First female lawyer to practice before the Supreme Court of Denmark (1943)
• Bodil Dybdal:^{[130] [131] [132]} First woman appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Denmark (1953)
• Helga Pedersen (1936):^{[133] [134]} First female appointed as a Judge of the Strasbourg Human Rights Court (1971)
• Sys Rovsing Koch:^[135] First female to serve as the Chairperson of the Danish Bar Association (2003)

Faroe Islands

• Marita Petersen is referred to as the first female lawyer in the Faroe Islands by various sources.^{[136] [137]} She may have actually been a lagman or lawspeaker, which is a Scandinavian legal office.

Estonia

• Ilse Zimmermann: First female to graduate with a law degree in Estonia in 1922^[138]
• Margot Viirmann-Kanemägi: First female member of the Estonian Bar Association (1924), though she was not officially registered as a lawyer until 1932^[139]
• Auguste Susi-Tannebaum and Olli Olesk: First females to apply for judicial positions, but were ultimately rejected (1924–1929)
• Hilda Reimann and Marta Kurfeldt (1930): First female lawyers in Estonia
• Lyubov Hütsi: First female to serve in a judicial capacity in Estonia (1936) [upon being elected as the Chairman of the Tartu Orphans' Court]
• Lea Kivi and Triinu Vernik: First females appointed as Judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Estonia (1993)^[140]
• Imbi Jürgen:^[141] First female to serve as the President of the Estonian Bar Association (2022)

Finland

• Agnes Lundell (1911):^[142] First female to graduate with a law degree (1906) and become a lawyer in Finland
• Elsa Sohlstedt (1917) and Inkeri Harmaja (1917):^[143] First female lawyers to receive the honorary title varatuomari (deputy judge) in Finland [1929-1930]. In 1933, Harmaja became the first female to receive the title of vicehäradshövding (district notary) in Finland. Harmaja became the first female advisor of a Finland Court of Appeal in 1954.^{[144] [145]}
• Inkeri Anttila (1942):^[146] First female doctor of law (1946) and first female professor of law in Finland (upon her appointment as Professor of Criminal Law at the University of Helsinki in 1961)
• Maarit Saarni-Rytkölä (1943):^{[147] [148]} First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Finland (1949)
• Lemmikki Kekomäki (1927):^[149] First female appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Administrative Court of Finland (1958)
• Ritva Hyöky (1944): First female appointed as a President of a Court of Appeal in Finland (upon her appointment to the Vaasa Court of Appeal in 1975)
• Pauliine Koskelo (1979):^[150] First female justice appointed as the President of the Supreme Court of Finland (2005)
• Raija Toiviainen:^[151] First female to serve as the Deputy Prosecutor General (2016–2018) and Prosecutor General (2018–) of Finland
• Tuula Linna:^{[152] [153]} First female to serve as President of the Finnish Bar Association (2019)

France

• Victorie de Villirouët:^{[154] [155] [156]} First female to act as an attorney in court during the French Revolution (1798)
• Sarmiza Bilcescu:^[157] First female to graduate with a law degree in France in 1887
• Olga Petit and Jeanne Chauvin (1900):^{[158] [159] [160]} First female lawyers in France. Chauvin would be the first female lawyer to actually plead a case before the French court.^[161]
• Maria Vérone (1906):^{[162] [163]} First female lawyer to plead before a French assize court (1908)
• Mme. Valat:^[164] First female lawyer to plead a case before a French military court (1913)
• Paule Godinot:^{[165] [166] [167]} First female to serve as a Commissioner-in-waiting in France (1928)
• Paule-René Pignet:^[168] First female to serve as the president of a bar association in France (1933)
• Marguerite Haller and Charlotte Béquignon-Lagarde:^{[169] [170] [171] [172] [173] [174]} First female judges in France (1946). They later became the first females to serve as President of the Conflict Court and preside over a French assize court respectively in France (1962 and 1964).^[172]
• Anne-Marie Gentily:^[175] First female assessor of a judge and judge at the Children's Court
• Jacqueline Bauchet and Louise Cadoux:^[176] First females to serve as members of the Council of State (France) (1953)
• Simone Veil:^[177] First female to serve as the Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Magistracy (1970)
• Marcelle Pipien: First female to serve as the President of an Administrative Court in France (1973)
• Marie-Thérèse Goutmann:^[178] First female to sit on the High Court of Justice of France (1974)
• Martine Luc-Thaler (1976): First female lawyer in the State Council and the Court of Cassation of France
• Suzanne Challe: First female to serve as the President of a Court of Appeal in France (1978)
• Suzanne Bastid:^{[179] [180]} First female to sit among the members of the International Court of Justice for oral proceedings (1982)
• Simone Rozès (1945):^[181] First female justice appointed as the President of the Court of Cassation of France (1984–1988)
• Noëlle Lenoir:^[182] First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Council of France (1992)
• Marie-Pierre Cordier:^[183] First female to serve as the Attorney General of the Court of Auditors of France (2012)
• Sarah Tournier:^[184] First female appointed as a Judge of the Commercial Court of France (2018)
• Christiane Féral-Schuhl:^[185] First female to serve as the President of the National Bar Council (2018–2020)

Germany

• Anita Augsburg:^[186] First woman to earn her Doctor of Law in 1897 in Germany, though she was not allowed to practice law until after the law changed in 1922.
• Maria Otto (1922):^[187] First female lawyer in Germany^[188]
• Maria Hagemeyer (1924):^{[189] [190] [191] [192] [193] [194] [195] [196]} First female judge in Germany (1927-1928) after having served as an Assessor in Prussia
• Erna Scheffler (1925):^[197] First female to serve as a Judge of the German Federal Constitutional Court (1951)
• Gisela Niemeyer (c. 1950s):^{[198] [199]} First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Finances in the German Federal Republic (1973) and Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court (1977)
• Elisabeth Steup:^[200] First female to serve as the President of the Federal Patent Court of Germany (1986)
• Jutta Limbach (c. 1962):^[201] First female appointed as the President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (1994–2002)
• Iris Ebling:^[202] First female to serve as President of the Federal Finance Court of Germany (1999)
• Ninon Colneric:^{[203] [204]} First female judge from Germany to sit on the European Court of Justice (2000)
• Ingrid Schmidt:^[205] First female to serve as President of the Federal Labour Court of Germany (2005)
• Monika Harms (c. 1970s):^[206] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Germany (2006-2011)
• Marion Eckertz-Höfer:^[207] First female to serve as President of the Federal Administrative Court of Germany (2007)
• Bettina Limperg:^[208] First female to serve as the President of the Federal (Supreme) Court of Germany (2014)
• Ulrike Paul:^[209] First female to serve as a member of the BRAK Presidium (2015)
• Edith Kindermann (1992):^[210] First female lawyer to serve as the President of the German Bar Association (2019)

Greece

• Efharis Petridou (1925):^[211] First female lawyer in Greece (upon registering with the Athens Bar Association)^[212]
• Penelope Athanasopoulou:^[213] First female judge in Greece [upon her appointment as a Judge of the [[Council of State (Greece)|Council of State]] (Supreme Administrative Court) of Greece in 1958]
• Anna Athanasiadou:^{[214] [215] [216]} First female areopagite in Greece (upon her appointment to the Supreme Civil and Criminal Court of Greece in 1980)
• Athanasia Tsampasi: First female to serve as Vice-President of the Council of State (Supreme Administrative Court) of Greece (2004)
• Rena Asimakopoulou (1969):^[217] First female to serve as President of the Supreme Civil and Criminal Court of Greece (2011)
• Eleni Diakomanoli:^{[218] [219]} First female to serve as the General State Commissioner of the Administrative Courts of Greece (2011)
• Efterpi Kutzamani: First female appointed as the Prosecutor of the Supreme Civil and Criminal Court of Greece (2013)
• Aikaterini Sakellaropoulou:^{[220] [221]} First female to serve as the President of the Council of State (Supreme Administrative Court) of Greece (2018)

Hungary

• Ilonka Hajnal:^[222] First female to study law in Hungary (1913)
• Irén Svábyné (Priegl):^[223] First female to earn a Juris Doctor and become a lawyer candidate in Hungary (1925). She died before she could achieve her goal.
• Margit Ungár (1928):^{[224] [225] [226] [227]} First female lawyer in Hungary [she practiced law in [[Budapest]], Central Hungary]
• Magda Bernauer (1948):^[228] First female to pass the patent attorney exam and receive a patent attorney license in Hungary
• Istvánné Pomázi:^[229] First female judge in Hungary (c. 1948)
• :^{[230] [231]} First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Hungary (1999)

Iceland

• Auður Auðuns (1935):^[232] First female lawyer in Iceland. She was also the first female to earn a law degree from the University of Iceland.^[233]
• Rannveig Þorsteinsdóttir:^[234] First female to practice law before the Supreme Court of Iceland (1959)
• Auður Þorbergsdóttir:^[235] First female judge in Iceland (1963)
• Guðrún Erlendsdóttir:^{[236] [237] [238]} First female appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Iceland (c. 1986) and its President (c. 1991)
• Þórunn Guðmundsdóttir:^[239] First female to serve as the Chairperson of the Icelandic Bar Association (1995)

Ireland

• Frances Kyle and Averil Deverell (1921):^{[240] [241] [242]} First female barristers admitted to the Irish Bar [<nowiki/>[[Ireland]]]
• Mary Dorothea Heron and Helena Early (1923):^{[243] [244]} First female solicitors in Ireland
• Frances Moran (1924):^{[245] [246] [247]} First female to take silk and become a senior counsel in Ireland (1941)
• Lady Arnott, Lady Redmond, Lady Dockrell, and Miss Palles: First women appointed as Justices of the Peace in Ireland (1920)
• Kathleen Butler Garret (1930):^[248] First American female admitted to the Irish Bar
• Eileen Kennedy (1947):^{[249] [250] [251]} First female judge in Ireland (1964)
• Moya Quinlan (1946):^[252] First female to serve as President of the Law Society of Ireland (1968)
• Susan Denham (1971):^[253] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Ireland (1992) and serve and its Chief Justice (2011–2017)
• Mella Carroll (1976; Northern Ireland Bar):^[254] First female appointed as a Judge of the High Court of Ireland (1980)
• Moya Quinlan:^[255] First female to serve as the President of the Law Society of Ireland (1980)
• Catherine McGuinness (1977):^[256] First female appointed as a Judge of the Circuit Court of Ireland (1994)
• Katherine Delahunt-O'Byrnes (1979):^[257] First female solicitor appointed as a Judge of the Circuit Court of Ireland (2001)
• Claire Loftus:^[258] First female to serve as the Director of Public Prosecutions in Ireland (2011)
• Máire Whelan (1985) First female appointed as Attorney General (2011)
• Síofra O'Leary:^[259] First (Irish) female to serve as the President of the European Court of Human Rights (2022)^[260]

Italy

• Giustina Rocca:^{[261] [262]} First female to act as a lawyer in an Italian court (1500)
• Maria Pellegrina Amoretti:^[263] First Italian female to earn a law degree (1777)
• Lidia Poët (1883) and Teresa Labriola (1919):^{[264] [265] [266] [267] [268]} First female lawyers in Italy respectively^[269]
• Letizia De Martino, Ada Lepore, Maria Gabriella Luccioli, Graziana Calcagno Pini, Raffaella D’Antonio, Annunziata Izzo, Giulia De Marco and Emilia Capelli:^{[270] [271] [272] [273] [274]} First female judges in Italy (1965). Luccioli later became the first female President of the Chamber of Cassation of Italy (2008).
• Brigida Monte:^[275] First female to serve as a magistrate of the Court of Audit of Italy (1971)
• Fernanda Contri:^{[276] [277]} First female to be appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy (1996) and serve as its Vice-President (2005)
• Lucia Serena Rossi:^[278] First Italian female to serve as a Judge of the Court of Justice of the European Union (2017)
• Marta Cartabia:^[279] First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Court of Italy (2019)
• Maria Rosaria San Giorgio:^[280] First female elected by the Court of Cassation as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy (2020)
• Margherita Cassano:^{[281] [282] [283]} First female to serve as the Vice-President and President of the Supreme Court of Cassation of Italy (2020; 2023)
• Maria Masi:^[284] First female to serve as the President of the National Bar Council of Italy [Consiglio Nazionale Forense] (2022)

Kosovo

• Nekibe Kelmendi (1974):^{[285] [286]} First female (of Albanian descent) lawyer in Kosovo
• :^{[287] [288]} First female judge in Kosovo (1974–1979)
• Bademe Siqani Sllamnikut:^[289] First female prosecutor in Kosovo
• Lirije Osmani:^[290] First female to serve as the President of the Kosovo Chamber of Advocates (2001)
• Gjyljeta Mushkolaj, Iliriana Islami, and Snezhana Botusharova:^{[291] [292]} First females elected as Judges of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo (2009)
• Arta Rama-Hajrizi:^[293] First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo (2015)

Latvia

• Otīlija Ķempele:^{[294] [295]} First female admitted as a sworn advocate's assistant (1922) and sworn advocate [lawyer] (1929) in Latvia
• Rozālija Purgale (1932):^[296] First female judge in Latvia (1933)
• Anita Ušacka, Ilmu Cepani, and Ilze Skultans:^[297] First females appointed as Judges of the Constitutional Court of Latvia (1996)
• Aija Branta:^[298] First female to serve as the Chairperson of the Constitutional Court of Latvia (2014)

Liechtenstein

• Gertrud Beck (1956):^{[299] [300]} First female lawyer in Liechtenstein
• Edith Frick, Brigette Feger, and Hilda Korner:^{[301] [302] [303]} First females to serve as Judges of the State (Constitutional) Court of the Principality of Liechtenstein (1979; 1985)

Lithuania

• Liuda Vienožinskaitė-Purėnienė (1917):^[304] First female lawyer in Lithuania
• Elena Jackevičaitė:^[305] First female judge in Lithuania (1924)
• Teodora Staugaitienė:^{[306] [307]} First female to serve as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania (1993)
• Ona Aldona Budienė, Irena Stankevičienė, and Lidija Liucija Žilienė:^[308] First females appointed as Justices of the Supreme Court of Lithuania (1994)
• Janina Januškienė, Laima Garnelienė, Janina Stripeikienė and Violeta Ražinskaitė:^[309] First females appointed as Judges of the Lithuania Court of Appeal (1995)
• Danutė Jočienė:^[310] First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania (2021)
• Nida Grunskienė:^[311] First female to serve as the Prosecutor General of Lithuania (2021)
• Skirgailė Žalimienė:^[312] First female to serve as the President of the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania (2022)
• Dalia Foigt-Norvaišienė:^[313] First female to serve as the Chairperson of the Lithuanian Bar Association's Honorable Court of Advocates (2022)
• Danguolė Bublienė:^[314] First female to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania (2023)

Luxembourg

• Marguerite Welter (1923):^{[315] [316]} First female admitted to the Luxembourg Bar, though she ultimately did not practice law
• Netty Probst (1927):^{[317] [318] [319]} First female lawyer to actually practice law in Luxembourg. She was also the first female to serve as the Bâtonnière of the Luxembourg Bar Association (1954–1956).
• Marthe Glesener:^[320] First female to apply to become a magistrate in Luxembourg, but was denied (1937)
• Anne-Marie Courte, Claire Peters and Jeanne Rouff: First females to serve as magistrates in Luxembourg (1961). Rouff later became the first female to serve as a state prosecutor in Luxembourg, as well as the first female President of the Chamber of the Court of Appeals of Luxembourg.^[321]
• Paulette Lenert:^[322] First female to serve as a judge and the Deputy Chairperson of the Administrative Court of Luxembourg (1997–2010)
• Chantal Arens:^[323] First French (female) magistrate to serve on the Luxembourg Court of Justice
• Martine Solovieff:^{[324] [325]} First female appointed as the State Attorney General of Luxembourg (2015)

Malta

• Joanna Digiorgio (1949):^[326] First female lawyer in Malta
• Lorraine Schembri Orland:^{[327] [328] [329]} First female elected to Chambers of Advocates of Malta (1986) and Judge of the European Court of Human Rights (2019)
• Jacqueline Padovani Grima:^[330] First female magistrate in Malta (1991)
• Ena Cremona (1959):^{[331] [332] [333] [334]} First Maltese judge (and female) to serve on the European Court of First Instance in Luxembourg upon the country's accession to the European Union in 2004
• Abigail Lofaro and Anna Felice:^{[332] [335]} First female judges in Malta (2006)
• Victoria Buttigieg:^[336] First female to serve as the Attorney General of Malta (2020)

Moldova

• Eugenia Crușevan (1918):^[337] First female lawyer in Moldova [when the country was known as [[Bessarabia]]]
• Elena Safaleru:^{[338] [339]} First female to serve as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Moldova (2001)
• Ala Popescu:^[340] First female to serve as the President of the Court of Accounts of Moldova (2005)
• Alina Ianucenco:^[341] First female (a lawyer and former judge) ombudsman for the Moldovan People's Advocate Office
• Domnica Manole:^[342] First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Court of Moldova (2020)

Transnistria

• Ivanova Olga Dmitrievna and Valentina Nikolaevna Chebotar:^{[343] [344]} First females to serve as the Chairperson and Deputy of the Supreme Court of the Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublika (PMR) respectively (1992)

Monaco

• Laurence Aureglia (1959):^[345] First female lawyer in Monaco
• Ariane Picco-Margossian: First female magistrate in Monaco (upon her appointment as a deputy judge in 1970). She was also the first female Attorney General of the Principality of Monaco.^[346]
• Monique François:^{[347] [348]} First Monegasque female magistrate appointed as the First President of the Court of Appeal of the Principality of Monaco

Montenegro

An unknown woman became the first female judge in Montenegro in 1954. She had served in the Basic Court.^[349]

• Julija (Julia) Jovanova Lazović:^[350] First female to earn a university (law) degree in Montenegro (1906)
• Zorka Komnenić:^[351] First Montenegrin female lawyer
  • Ksenija Raičević:^{[352] [353]} First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Montenegro Emilija Durutović:^[354] First female to serve as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Montenegro
• Vesna Medenica:^[355] First female appointed as a state prosecutor in Montenegro, as well as the first female President of the Supreme Court of Montenegro (c. 2016)

Netherlands

• Elisabeth van Dorp: First female to earn a law degree in the Netherlands in 1899, but she did not practice as an attorney
• Adolphine Kok (1903):^[356] First female lawyer in the Netherlands
• Johanna Clementina Hudig (1934):^[357] First female judge in the Netherlands (1947)
• A.A.L. "Guusje" Minkenhof (c. 1940s):^{[358] [359]} First female advocate general (1966) and first female counselor (1967) at the Supreme Court of the Netherlands
• Dien Korvinus (1964):^{[360] [361] [362]} First female appointed as the Attorney General of the Netherlands (1970–1999)
• PMA de Groot-van Dijken:^[363] First female to serve as the Chairperson of a Bar Association in the Netherlands (upon becoming the Chairperson of the Young Bar Association in Utrecht in 1977)
• Winnie Sorgdrager:^[364] First female chief prosecutor of any court in the Netherlands (1994)
• Els Unger:^[365] First female to serve as the Dean of the Dutch Bar Association [Nederlandse orde van advocaten] (2005)
• Dineke de Groot:^[366] First female to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of the Netherlands (2020)

North Macedonia

• Gordana Dimitrovska Hristovska Takesz (1983):^{[367] [368] [369]} First female lawyer in North Macedonia [specifically in [[Bitola]], Pelagonia Region, North Macedonia]
• Alma Mustafovska-Salimovska:^[370] First Roma female lawyer (now registered with the Bar Association of North Macedonia) in the former country of Yugoslavia
• Branka Ciriviri-Antonovska:^[371] First female to serve as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of North Macedonia (1984)
• Margarita Caca Nikolovska:^[372] First Macedonian (female) to serve as a Judge at the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg (1998)
• Liljana Ingilizova-Ristova: First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Court of North Macedonia (2003)
• Besa Ademi:^[373] First Albanian female appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court of North Macedonia (2009) and serve as its President (2021)
• Lidija Nedelkova:^[374] First female appointed as the President of the Supreme Court of North Macedonia (2012)

Norway

• Maren Cathrine Dahl:^{[375] [376]} First female in Norway to earn a law degree in 1890, but did not practice as an attorney
• Elise Sem (1903):^[377] First female lawyer and prosecutor (1904) in Norway. In 1912, she became the first female registered to practice before the Supreme Court of Norway.
• Anne Holmen and Ruth Sörenson Bie:^{[378] [379] [380] [381] [382] [383] [384]} First female judges in Norway (1914)
• Sofie Conradine Schjøtt:^[385] First female district court judge in Norway (1926)
• Lilly Bǿlviken (1942):^[386] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway (1968)
• Astri Sverdrup Rynning:^[387] First female to serve as the Senior Judge President of a Norway Court of Appeal (1980)
• Ellen Holager Andenǽs:^[388] First female lawyer to become a state prosecutor in Norway (1983)
• Bjørg Ven:^[389] First female to serve as the Chairperson of the Norwegian Bar Association (1994)
• Berit Reiss-Andersen:^[390] First female permanent defender in the Supreme Court of Norway (1995)
• Toril Marie Ǿie (1986):^[391] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway (2016)

Svalbard and Jan Mayen

• Monica Hansen Nylund:^[392] First female judge to serve as the Chief Judge of the Hålogaland Court of Appeal (2017) [jurisdiction includes the island territories [[Svalbard]] and Jan Mayen]

Poland

• Janina Podgórska-Jurkiewiczowa: First Polish female admitted as an assistant to a sworn attorney (her admission occurred in the Russian Empire in 1908)
• Blanka Morgenstern, Irena Kaliska, Szaja Frenkel, and Irena Brodzińska:^{[393] [394]} First female law students in Poland (upon their admittance to the University of Warsaw in 1915)
• Helena Kononowicz-Wiewiórska (1925):^[395] First female lawyer in Poland
• Wanda Grabińska-Wójtowicz (1925):^[396] First female judge in Poland (upon her appointment to the Division XXII for juvenile cases in 1929)
• Izabela Chojecka-Boniecka: First female prosecutor in pre-war Poland (1936)
• Zofia Gawrońska-Wasilkowska: First female to serve as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Poland (1948)
• Maria Szabłowska and Irena Śmietanka-Szwaczkowska: First females to serve as Judges of the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland (1980)
• Maria Teresa Budzanowska:^{[397] [398]} First female to serve as the Vice President of the Polish Bar Council (1979). She was also the first female to serve as the President of its Supreme Bar Council (1983).
• Natalia Gajl:^[399] First female elected as a Judge of the Constitutional Tribunal (Poland) (1985)
• Ewa Łętowska:^[400] First (female) appointed as the Ombudsman for Citizen Rights in Poland (1988)
• Hanna Suchocka:^[401] First female to serve as the Public Prosecutor General of Poland (1997)
• Małgorzata Gersdorf^{[402] [403] [404]} First female to serve as the First President of the Supreme Court of Poland (2014)
• Julia Przyłębska:^[405] First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland (2016)

Portugal

• Regina Quintanilha (1913):^{[406] [407]} First female to earn a law degree and become a lawyer in Portugal
• Cândida Almeida:^{[408] [409] [410]} First female magistrate in Portugal (c. 1971)
• Ruth Garcês (1954):^{[411] [412] [413]} First female judge in Portugal (1977)
• Maria da Assunção Esteves (c. 1989):^[414] First female judge to serve on the Portuguese Constitutional Council (1989–1998), as well as become the first female President of the Assembly of the Republic (2011)
• Maria de Jesus Serra Lopes:^[415] First female to serve as the President of the Portuguese Bar Association (1990)
• Isabel Jovita Loureiro dos Santos Macedo:^[416] First female appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Administrative Court of Portugal (c. 1997)
• Isabel Marques da Silva:^[417] First female appointed as a President Judge of the Supreme Administrative Court of Portugal (2009)
• Joana Marques Vidal (c. 1978):^[418] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Portugal (2012)
• Maria Lúcia Amaral:^[419] First female to serve as the Vice-President of the Constitutional Court of Portugal (2012) and Ombudsman for Portugal (2017)
• Maria dos Prazeres Beleza:^{[420] [421]} First female justice to serve as the Vice-President of the Supreme Court of Justice of Portugal (2018)
• Dulce Manuel da Conceição Neto:^[422] First female judge to serve as the President of the Supreme Administrative Court of Portugal (2019)

Romania

• Sarmiza Bilcescu (1891):^[423] First female to register with the Romanian Bar, but did not practice as an attorney
• Ella Negruzzi (1913): First female lawyer in Romania to actually practice
• Veronica Zosin Gorgos:^{[424] [425]} First female prosecutor (1944) and magistrate in Romania (of Jewish descent)
• Yolanda Eminescu (1943), Sanda Rosetti, and Steliana Popescu:^[426] First female judges in Romania (1945)
• Carmen Thea Kahane:^[427] First female military prosecutor of Romania
• Aspazia Cojocaru:^[428] First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Romania (2004)
• Laura Codruța Kövesi:^[429] First female Attorney General of Romania (2006–2012)
• Lidia Bărbulescu:^[430] First female judge to serve as the President of the High Court of Cassation and Justice of Romania (2009)
• Simina Avram:^{[431] [432]} First female military magistrate in Romania (2011)

Russia

• Anna Mikhailovna Evreinova:^[433] First woman in Russia to earn a doctorate in law in 1873 (awarded in Germany by Leipzig University)
• Elizaveta Fedoseevna "E.F." Kozmina:^{[434] [435]} First female to practice law in Russia (c. 1871). Despite passing a required exam by 1875, her legal practice ended when the Minister of Justice forbade women to act as attorneys in 1876.
• Katarina Abramovna Fleyshyts (1909):^[436] First certified female lawyer in the Russian Empire
• Mukhlisa Bubi:^{[437] [438]} First female judge (Muslim qadi) in the Russian Empire (1917)
• :^[439] First female judge in Soviet Russia (1917)
• Faina Efimovna Nyurina and N. A. Gorsheneva:^{[440] [441]} First females to serve as the Acting Prosecutor General of the RSFSR (1936) and Deputy Prosecutor General of the RSFSR respectively
• Tamara Georgievna Morshchakova:^{[442] [443] [444]} First female to serve as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation (1991)
• Tatiana Nikolaevna Molchanova:^[39] First Russian female to serve as a Judge of the Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States (2003)
• Irina Leonidovna Podnosova: First Russian female to serve as Chief Justice of the Russian Federation (2024)

San Marino

• Rita Palazzetti:^[445] First female lawyer who was awarded the notarial seal in San Marino (1974)
• Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini:^[446] First female to serve as a Captain Regent of the Republic of San Marino (1980)^[447]
• Gloria Giardi, Gianna Burgagni, Antonella Annamaria Bonelli, Daniela Della Balda, Anna Maria Lonfemini and Maria Christina Lonfemini (1995):^{[448] [449]} First females to register as members of the Order of Lawyers and Notaries in San Marino (Ordine degli Avvocati e Notai della Repubblica di San Marino)
• Maria Selva:^{[450] [451] [452]} First female to serve as the President of the Order of Lawyers and Notaries in San Marino (2012). She later became the first female Vice President of the Criminal Chamber of San Marino in 2015 (since the Camera Penale di San Marino's establishment in 2014)
• Gianna Burgagni:^[453] First female to serve as the President of the Criminal Chamber of San Marino (2016)

Serbia

• Marija Milutinović Punktatorka (1862):^{[454] [455]} First female lawyer in Serbia
• Katarine Lengold Marinković (1933): First female lawyer registered in the Bar Association of Serbia
• Vida Petrović-Škero:^[456] First female judge in Serbia (1978)
• Leposava Karamarković:^[457] First female to serve as President of the Supreme Court of Cassation of the Republic of Serbia (2001)
• Bosa Nenadić:^[458] First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Court of Serbia (2007)
• Nata Mesarović (1974):^{[459] [460]} First female elected as the President of the Supreme Court of Cassation of the Republic of Serbia (2009)
• Jasmine Milutinović:^[461] First female to serve as the President of the Bar Association of Serbia (2021)

Slovakia

• Louise Pappova:^[462] First female candidate inscribed into the list of advocates in Slovakia^[463] (1925)
• Alžbeta Cziglerová Wildmann (1931):^{[464] [465]} First female lawyer in Slovakia^[466]
• Zdeňka Patschová:^[467] First female judge in 1934 when the country was a part of Czechoslovakia
• Daniela Švecová:^{[468] [469]} First female to serve as the Vice President (2005) and President of the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (2014)
• Ivetta Macejková:^[470] First female to serve as the Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Slovakia (2007)

Slovenia

• Zora Tominšek (1929) and Zdenka Brejc-Perne (1937):^{[471] [472] [473] [474]} First female lawyers in Slovenia respectively
• Jolanka Kuhar–Mevželj and Francka Strmole–Hlastec:^{[475] [476] [477]} First females to serve as Judges of the Supreme Court of Slovenia (1974). Strmole–Hlastec later became the first female to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of Slovenia (1991–1993).^[478]
• Miroslava Geč-Korošec (1966):^[479] First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Slovenia (1998)
• Dragica Wedam Lukić:^[480] First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Court of Slovenia (2001)
• Mirjam Škrk:^[481] First female to serve as the Vice President of the Constitutional Court of Slovenia (2004)
• Zdenka Cerar (c. 1966):^[482] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Slovenia (2004)
• Jana Ahčin:^[483] First female to serve as the President of the Court of Audit of Slovenia (2022)
• Beti Hohler:^[484] First Slovenian (female) to serve as a Judge of the International Criminal Court (2024)

Spain

• María Ascensión Chirivella Marín (1921):^{[485] [486]} First female registered in a bar association and to actually practice law in Spain
• Asunción Luzón y Luzón:^[487] First female to become a civil servant of the Court of Auditors of Spain (1922)
• Victoria Kent:^{[488] [489]} First female lawyer to defend a litigant at a court martial in Spain (1930)
• Maria Luisa Algarra:^{[490] [491] [492] [493]} First female judge in Spain (1936)
• Elvira Fernández Almoguera Casas:^{[494] [495]} First female prosecutor in Spain (1937)^[496]
• Julia Álvarez Resano: First female magistrate in Spain (1938)
• María Luisa Suárez Roldán (1941):^[497] First female labor lawyer in Spain
• María Jóver Carrión:^[498] First female district court judge in Spain (1972)
• Josefina Triguero Agudo:^[499] First female appointed as a Judge of First Instance and Instruction after passing the examination (1977)
• Gloria Begué:^[500] First female appointed as a magistrate (1980) and the Vice-President of the Constitutional Court of Spain (1986–1989)^[501]
• Milagros García Crespo:^[502] First female to serve as the President of the Court of Auditors of Spain (1994)
• Milagros Calvo:^{[503] [504]} First female magistrate of the Supreme Court of Spain (Fourth Chamber; 2002)
• María Emilia Casas:^[505] First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Court of Spain (2004)
• María Eugènia Alegret i Burgués:^[506] First female to become President of a Superior Court of Justice in Spain (upon becoming the President of the Superior Court of Justice of Catalonia in 2004)
• Ángela Murillo:^{[507] [508]} First female to serve as a magistrate of the Criminal Chamber of the National Court of Spain and its President (2008)
• Consuelo Madrigal (1980):^[509] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Spain (2015–2016)
• Clara Martinez de Careaga (1981):^[510] First female appointed as a magistrate of the Military Chamber of the Supreme Court of Spain (2009)
• María Elósegui:^[511] First female from Spain appointed as a Judge of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, France (2018)
• :^[512] First Gypsy female lawyer to represent Spain before the European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) (2018)
• Maria Luisa Segoviano Astaburuaga:^[513] First female to become president of a chamber of the High Court (upon becoming the President of the Fourth Chamber of the Supreme Court of Spain in 2020)

Sweden

• Elsa Eschelsson:^[514] First female in Sweden to earn a doctorate in law in 1897. She committed suicide when she could not find employment.^[515]
• Anna Pettersson:^[516] First female (an autodidact) in Sweden to open her own law agency and practice as a legal agent (1904)
• Eva Andén and Mathilda Staël von Holstein (1918): First two female lawyers in Sweden
• Anna Bugge-Wicksell:^[517] First female (a Norwegian-born lawyer) "member of the League of Nations' permanent mandate commission" (1921)
• Birgit Spångberg (1925):^[518] First female judge in Sweden (1926)
• Hedvig Anna-Lisa Vinberg (1932):^[519] First female to serve as an appellate assessor (1948) and counsel (1953) of a Court of Appeal in Sweden
• Ingrid Gärde Widemar (1948):^[520] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Sweden (1968)
• Anne Ramberg (1981):^[521] First female lawyer to serve as the Secretary General for the Swedish Bar Association (Sveriges advokatsamfund) (2000)
• Marianne Lundius:^[522] First female to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of Sweden (2010)
• Petra Lundh (1987):^{[523] [524]} First female to serve as the Prosecutor-General of Sweden (2018)

Switzerland

• Emilie Kempin-Spyri: First female to graduate with a law degree in Switzerland in 1887, but denied the ability to practice as an attorney
• Anna Mackenroth (1900):^[525] First female lawyer in Switzerland and Zurich, Switzerland
• Dora Labhart-Roeder:^{[526] [527]} First female registered to practice law before the Federal Court of Switzerland (1923)^[528]
• Ita Maria Eisenring and Annemarie Geissbühler:^{[529] [530]} First female prosecutors in Switzerland (1959). Eisenright became the first Swiss female cantonal judge in 1979.
• Margrith Bigler-Eggenberger (1961):^{[531] [532]} First female substitute judge (1972) and Judge of the Federal Court of Switzerland (1974)
• Anne Colliard:^{[533] [534]} First female appointed as the Attorney General of Switzerland (c. 1990–2010)
• Eva Saluz:^[535] First female to serve the President of the Swiss Federation of Lawyers (2003)
• Salome Zimmermann:^[536] First female secret service judge in Switzerland (c. 2017)
• Anne Petrig:^[537] First female from Switzerland to serve as a Judge Ad Hoc at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) (2019)
• Martha Niquille:^[538] First female to serve as the President of the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland (2021)

Ukraine

• Elena Abramovna Halperin-Ginsburg:^{[539] [540]} One of the first female lawyers in Ukraine. She was denied the right to practice law in 1909 despite passing the bar exam in Kharkiv.
• :^[541] First female to serve as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Ukraine (1988)
• Tatiana Viktorivna Varfolomeeva:^[542] First female to serve as the President of the Ukrainian Bar Association (1995)
• Lyudmila Fedorovna Malinnikova and Lyudmila Pantelievna Chubar:^[543] First females appointed as Judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (1996)
• Suzanne Romanovna Stanik:^[544] First female to serve as a Deputy Chairperson of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (2006)
• Anna Yudkovskaya:^[545] First Ukrainian female to serve as a Judge of the European Court of Human Rights (2010)
• Valentyna Danishevska (1983):^{[546] [547]} First female justice to serve as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ukraine (2017)
• Natalia Shaptala:^[548] First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (2019)
• Iryna Venediktova:^[549] First female to serve as the Prosecutor General of Ukraine (2020)

United Kingdom

See Women in law in the United Kingdom

Vatican City (Holy See)

• Silvia Monica Correale:^[550] First female lawyer in Vatican City
• Maria Voce:^[551] First female lawyer in Holy See
• Catia Summaria:^[552] First female Prosecutor at the Vatican Court of Appeals (2021)

See also

• Justice ministry
• List of first women lawyers and judges by nationality
• List of first women lawyers and judges in Africa
• List of first women lawyers and judges in Asia
• List of first women lawyers and judges in North America
• List of first women lawyers and judges in Oceania
• List of first women lawyers and judges in South America
• List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States
• List of the first women holders of political offices in Europe

Notes and References

1. Web site: Avokate Erifili Bezhani (1910–1959). repetitoriumiuris.com. 2017-10-08. 2017-10-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20171008130241/http://repetitoriumiuris.com/avokate-erifili-bezhani-1910-1959/. dead.
2. News: Erifili Bezhani, avokatja e parë femër që u dënua me grupin e deputetëve më 1947 – VOAL – Voice of Albanians. 2016-09-30. Voice of Albanians. 2017-10-08.
3. News: 2020-03-08. Hallakate. 2021-04-25. hallakate. sq-AL.
4. Book: Abrahams, Fred. Human Rights in Post-communist Albania. 1996. Human Rights Watch. 978-1-56432-160-2. en.
5. Web site: Historiku. www.gjk.gov.al. 2019-07-29.
6. Web site: Shkëlqimi dhe rënia e Gjykatës Kushtetuese. top-channel.tv. en-US. 2019-07-29.
7. Web site: ADRIATIK LLALLA. August 21, 2013. Panorama (Albania). 2019-04-18.
8. Web site: Tough Prosecutor Shakes Albania's Establishment. 2012-02-03. Balkan Insight. en-US. 2019-04-18.
9. Web site: The Frustrations of Albania's Top Criminal Judge – Transitions Online. Fezga. Bora. August 27, 2010. www.tol.org. 2018-09-27.
10. News: Shpresa Breçaj largohet nga drejtimi i Gjykatës së Lartë. 2013-03-21. Gazeta Tema. 2018-09-27. sq-AL.
11. Web site: Shkëlqimi dhe rënia e Gjykatës Kushtetuese. 2021-04-03. top-channel.tv. en-US.
12. Web site: Përbërja. 2021-04-03. www.gjk.gov.al.
13. Web site: Entrevista a Rosa Ferrandiz. 2021-09-14. Issuu. 28 December 2017 . en.
14. Web site: El vet a exercir als advocats espanyols arriba a la Batllia. DiariAndorra.ad. ca. 2017-10-22. 2013-06-06.
15. Web site: Casadevall tornarà a presidir el CSJ, el que tindrà més dones de la història. 2021-09-13. BonDia Diari digital d'Andorra.. ca.
16. Web site: Evenements – Les infos. Despretz. Patrice. www.credho.org. 2018-04-30.
17. Web site: Faculty. American University Washington College of Law. en-US. 2018-04-30. 2018-05-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20180501160814/https://www.wcl.american.edu/community/faculty/profile/burgorgue-larsen/bio/. dead.
18. Web site: ANA . Arxiu . 2022-01-10 . La primera dona magistrada del Tribunal Constitucional jura el càrrec . 2024-08-08 . Ara Andorra . ca.
19. Web site: advokaten1938.com. advokaten1938.com. 2016-09-27.
20. Web site: Die Frau in der Rechtsanwaltschaft. 2018-05-15. 2017-12-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091324/http://www.freygner.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Anwaltsblatt_03_2013_ersten_Frauen_Anwaltschaft.pdf. dead.
21. Book: Tagung, Austria Bundesministerium für Justiz Arbeitsgruppe für die Gleichbehandlung der Weiblichen Bediensteten im Justizressort. Die Juristin im österreichischen Rechtsleben: 40 Jahre Richterinnen in Österreich : Tagung der ministeriellen Arbeitsgruppe für die Gleichbehandlung der Weiblichen Bediensteten im Justizressort : 10. und 11. Dezember 1987. 1990. Bundesministerium für Justiz. de.
22. Book: Profil. 2005. Wirtschafts-trend Zeitschriftenverlag. de.
23. Book: Korotin, Ilse. biografiA: Lexikon österreichischer Frauen. 2016-05-19. Böhlau Verlag Wien. 978-3-205-79590-2. de.
24. Web site: 100 Jahre Jus-Studium für Frauen. 2021-03-30. medienportal.univie.ac.at. de.
25. Book: Die Juristin im österreichischen Rechtsleben - 40 Jahre Richterinnen in Österreich: Tagung der Ministeriellen Arbeitsgruppe für die Gleichbehandlung der Weiblichen Bediensteten im Justizressort; 10. und 11. Dezember 1987, Bundesministerium für Justiz . 1990 . Bundesministerium für Justiz . de.
26. Web site: 2023 . Höchstgerichte Paket - Zusammenfassung vom Wahlfach Frauen im Recht . Universität Wien.
27. Web site: FPÖ-Anwalt dürfte in Verfassungsgerichtshof einziehen. 2018-02-19. Die Presse. de. 2019-05-18.
28. Web site: Potential candidate for President of Austria Dr. Irmgard Griss giving us some personal insights University of St. Gallen – Executive M.B.L.-HSG. www.mbl.unisg.ch. 2019-05-18. 2019-05-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20190518000702/http://www.mbl.unisg.ch/blog/potential-candidate-president-austria-dr-irmgard-griss-giving-us-some-personal-insights. dead.
29. Web site: Brigitte Bierlein the new President of the Constitutional Court – Der Österreichische Verfassungsgerichtshof. www.vfgh.gv.at. 2019-05-18.
30. Web site: Die ewige Pionierin: Österreichs neue und erste Kanzlerin Brigitte Bierlein. 2019-05-31. stern.de. de. 2019-06-11.
31. Web site: Österreichs Bundeskanzlerin a.D. - Brigitte Bierlein: "Irgendwann muss ja mal die erste Frau her" . 2024-03-28 . Deutschlandfunk . 30 September 2021 . de.
32. Web site: Margit Wachberger wird erste Frau an der Spitze der höchsten Staatsanwaltschaft . 2024-03-28 . DER STANDARD . de-AT.
33. Web site: История – Верховный Суд Республики Беларусь. court.gov.by. 2019-05-18. 2020-06-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20200629033527/http://court.gov.by/ru/justice_rb/history. dead.
34. Web site: - Верховный Суд Республики Беларусь. court.gov.by. 2019-05-18. 2019-05-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20190518001346/http://court.gov.by/ru/justice_rb/history/predsed/f7de2b48fd046710.html. dead.
35. Web site: http://www.law.bsu.by/content/?5330 . be:Юрыдычны факультэт БДУ Кафедры » Кафедра крымінальнага працэсу і пракурорскага нагляду – Isabella Martsinovich, LLD. law.bsu.by . be . 2016-10-05.
36. Web site: History of Vlasova Mikhel & Partners law firm Legal services in Belarus law firm in Minsk. en.vmp.by. en. 2018-09-28.
37. Web site: The Legal 500 > VMP Vlasova Mikhel & Partners > Minsk, BELARUS > What the firm says. www.legal500.com. en-us. 2018-09-28.
38. Web site: CEE Legal Matters – Guest Editorial: Belarusian Legal Market Overview. Stuckey. David. ceelegalmatters.com. 6 November 2017 . en-gb. 2018-09-28.
39. Web site: Экономический Суд Содружества Независимых Государств – Судьи Экономического Суда СНГ -. 2021-04-18. www.sudsng.org. 2012-03-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20120306192652/http://sudsng.org/about/judge/. dead.
40. Web site: Они были первыми…. Свободные новости. Снплюс. 2019-05-18.
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44. Book: Smith, Bonnie G.. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History: 4 Volume Set. 2008-01-01. Oxford University Press, USA. 978-0-19-514890-9.
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49. Web site: Geneviève Janssen-Pevtschin . jwa.org. 2017-12-15.
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55. Web site: Vandecasteele. Tom. Vrouwelijke advocaten-vennoten: No Way, Mary?. 2021-03-23. Legal News. 4 August 2018. nl-NL.
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57. Web site: Jeunesse & Droit – JDJ. www.jeunesseetdroit.be. 2019-07-30.
58. Web site: Julie et Mélissa, 20 ans après: "Il n'y a jamais eu de protections ou de réseaux pédophiles" raconte Anne Thily. www.dhnet.be. 23 June 2015. fr. 2019-04-17.
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60. Web site: Alumna Beatrijs Deconinck eerste voorzitter van Hof van Cassatie. Universiteit Gent. nl. 2019-05-10. 2019-05-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20190510000713/https://www.ugent.be/nl/actueel/beatrijs-deconinck-voorzitter-hof-van-cassatie.htm. dead.
61. Web site: 2023-06-15 . Mme Hilde François prête serment en tant que nouveau Premier président de la Cour des comptes de Belgique . 2024-08-13 . INTOSAI Journal . fr-FR.
62. Web site: Steffens . Eric . 2024-04-02 . Ann Fransen succède à Frédéric Van Leeuw et devient la première femme procureure fédérale . 2024-06-11 . vrtnws.be . fr.
63. Web site: Santa Cruz Sentinel from Santa Cruz, California &middot; Page 3. Newspapers.com. 5 February 1951 . 2016-09-27.
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68. Book: Trnka, Kasim. Konstitutivnost naroda: povodom odluke Ustavnog suda Bosne i Hercegovine o konstitutivnosti Bošnjaka, Hrvata i Srba i na nivou entiteta. 2000. Vijeće Kongresa bošnjačkih intelektualaca. 978-9958-47-072-1. sr.
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83. Web site: Народно събрание на Република България – Архив Народно събрание. www.parliament.bg. 2019-05-18.
84. Web site: Pavlina Panova Is Elected Chair of Bulgaria's Constitutional Court . 2024-03-28 . www.bta.bg . en.
85. Web site: Galina Zaharova Elected Unanimously as First Woman to Head Supreme Court of Cassation . 2022-05-06 . bta.bg . en.
86. Mohorovičić-Gjanković. Ingrid. September 10, 2016. Poštovane kolegice i kolege, uvaženi čitatelji!. Odvjetnik.
87. Web site: Miroslava Vekić – Vrhovni Sud Republike Hrvatske. www.vsrh.hr. 2019-05-19.
88. Web site: Erika Kocijančić – Vrhovni Sud Republike Hrvatske. www.vsrh.hr. 2019-05-19.
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92. Web site: 50 godina trgovačkih sudova u RH. Visoki Trgovacki Sud-Republike Hrvatske.
93. Web site: Čakovčanka Tamara Laptoš bit će prva žena na čelu USKOK-a?. 2021-04-16. eMedjimurje.hr. 28 February 2014 . hr.
94. Web site: 2020-05-18. Croatia gets first female Attorney-General Croatia Week. 2021-04-16. Croatia Week Croatian news portal in English. en.
95. Web site: Na čelo Hrvatske odvjetničke komore prvi put izabrana žena . 2024-08-08 . Dnevnik.hr . hr.
96. Web site: A woman who led the way for other women. 2012-11-03. Poly Pantelides. 2016-09-29.
97. News: Stella Soulioti. 2012-11-15. The Times. 2017-09-27. 0140-0460.
98. Web site: Από την πρώτη Κύπρια πολιτικό στην πρώτη σοφερίνα!. 2021-09-15. Ρεπορτερ.
99. Web site: Turkish Cypriot Rule of Law: 'legality in illegality' – T-VINE. t-vine.com. 2017-12-16.
100. Web site: http://www.supremecourt.gov.cy/judicial/sc.nsf/all/2034B0AF83C5078FC22572FD005BE325?opendocument . el:Ανώτατο Δικαστήριο της Κύπρου – Δικαστές Ανώτατου Δικαστηρίου – Έφη Παπαδοπούλου, Δ. (Παραιτήθηκε 13/1/2014) . Supreme Court of Cyprus . el-cy . 2018-06-12 . 2018-06-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612185449/http://www.supremecourt.gov.cy/judicial/sc.nsf/all/2034B0AF83C5078FC22572FD005BE325?opendocument . dead .
101. Web site: 2020-11-10. Κύπρος: Ανέλαβε καθήκοντα η πρώτη γυναίκα Πρόεδρος του Ανωτάτου Δικαστηρίου. 2021-09-16. euronews. el.
102. News: 2016-02-21 . Cypriot women leading the way in law – Cyprus Mail . 2017-10-01 . Cyprus Mail.
103. Web site: 2020 . KUZEY KIBRIS TÜRK CUMHURİYETİ / YÜKSEK YÖNETİM DENETÇİSİ (OMBUDSMAN) .
104. Web site: 2024-05-24 . Narin Ferdi Şefik, Yüksek Mahkeme Başkanı oluyor! . https://web.archive.org/web/20240524015938/https://www.kibrispostasi.com/c35-KIBRIS_HABERLERI/n171048-narin-ferdi-efik-yuksek-mahkeme-baskani-oluyor . dead . 2024-05-24 . 2024-08-08 .
105. Book: Jan, Kuklík. Czech law in historical contexts. 2015. Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press. 978-80-246-2860-8.
106. News: Historie advokacie v ČR. 2017-08-04. cs. 2017-08-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20170804173020/http://www.akpzl.cz/historie-advokacie-v-cr/. dead.
107. News: Anny Maass; Devoted 45 Years to Holocaust Refugees. Oliver. Myrna. 1998-08-11. Los Angeles Times. 2016-09-27. 0458-3035.
108. Some sources identify Anny Maass as becoming the first woman lawyer in the Czech Republic in 1938. Maass was stripped of her right to practice law due to her Jewish background.
109. Web site: První notářce v Evropě blahopřál k promoci Masaryk. 2014.
110. Web site: Historie ústavního soudnictví – Ústavní soud. www.usoud.cz. 2019-07-30.
111. Web site: Ústavní soud pod vedením Zdeňka Kesslera – Ústavní soud. www.usoud.cz. 2019-07-30. 2019-07-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20190730040957/https://www.usoud.cz/de/ustavni-soud-pod-vedenim-zdenka-kesslera/. dead.
112. Web site: Ústavní soud – Emeritní funkcionáři a soudci. 2012-07-27. 2019-07-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20120727105933/http://www.usoud.cz/clanek/688. 2012-07-27.
113. Web site: Ústavní soud – Současní funkcionáři a soudci. 2012-05-27. 2019-07-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20120527061600/http://www.usoud.cz/clanek/soucasni_soudci. 2012-05-27.
114. Web site: 2012-07-27 . Ústavní soud – JUDr. Ivana Janů . https://web.archive.org/web/20120727105853/http://www.usoud.cz/clanek/1217 . 2012-07-27 . 2019-07-30.
115. Web site: Nejvyšší soud / The Supreme Court/General Information. www.nsoud.cz. 2019-05-19. 2021-01-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20210124114249/https://nsoud.cz/Judikatura/ns_web.nsf/Edit/TheSupremeCourt~GeneralInformation?Open&area=The%20Supreme%20Court&grp=General%20Information&lng=EN. dead.
116. Web site: Nejvyšší soud / Titulní stránka. www.nsoud.cz. 2019-05-19.
117. Web site: Nejvyšší soud / Judges of the Civil and Commercial Division. www.nsoud.cz. 2019-05-19.
118. Web site: Galerie nejvyšších státních zástupců. Soustava Státního Zastupitelství.
119. Book: Kučera, Pavel. Nejvyšší soud České republiky v Brně = The Supreme Court of the Czech Republic in Brno. 2003. 80-86199-71-1.
120. Web site: Nejvyšší správní soud Bývalí soudci. www.nssoud.cz. 2019-07-31. 2019-07-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20190731183034/http://www.nssoud.cz/Byvali-soudci/art/487?menu=202. dead.
121. Web site: Nejvyšší správní soud. www.nssoud.cz. 2019-07-31. 2019-07-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20190731182731/http://www.nssoud.cz/soudci. dead.
122. Web site: Paseková . Eva . 2023-04-05 . Advokáti chtějí na Ústavním soudu kolegy Schejbalovou, Novotnou a Břízu . 2024-03-30 . Česká justice . cs.
123. Web site: Nanna – jurist og højskolemor. fynhistorie.dis-danmark.dk. da. 2018-06-11.
124. Web site: Henny Magnussen (1878–1937). Hilden, Adda. Kvinfo. 11 September 2018 . Danish.
125. Web site: Magnussen, Henny Sophie in Danske Sagførere 1869 – 1919. Hjorth-Nielsen, H.. Det Danske Sagførersamfund. 1941. 11 September 2018 .
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127. Book: Holm, Gretelise. Håndbog for feminister (og deres modstandere). 2015-06-11. Lindhardt og Ringhof. 978-87-11-46572-1. da.
128. Book: Holm, Gretelise. Hvorfor er feminister så snerpede?. 2009-05-22. Lindhardt og Ringhof. 978-87-11-43723-0. da.
129. Book: Danmarkshistoriens årstal. 2002. Aschehoug. 978-87-11-11597-8. da.
130. Book: Stevnsborg, Lars. Kongeriget Danmarks ordener, medaljer og haederstegn: Kongeriget Islands ordener og medaljer. 2005. Syddansk Universitetsforlag. 978-87-7838-911-4. da.
131. Book: Hammerich, Paul. Danmarkskrønike 1945-72. 1984. Gyldendal. 978-87-00-15531-2. da.
132. Book: Holm, Gretelise. Håndbog for feminister (og deres modstandere). 2015-06-11. Lindhardt og Ringhof. 978-87-11-46572-1. da.
133. Book: Laneth, Pia Fris. Lillys Danmarkshistorie. 2009. Gyldendal A/S. 978-87-02-06790-3. da.
134. Web site: Helga Pedersen Gyldendal - Den Store Danske. denstoredanske.dk. da. 2018-06-07.
135. Web site: 2003-06-14 . Første kvindelige formand for Advokatrådet . 2024-03-30 . Jyllands-Posten . da.
136. Web site: 22 April 2023 . Marita Petersen (1940–2001) / Petersen, Marita . Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon.
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139. "Kohtuniku ameton liiga raske neile": Eesti naisjuristide pürgimisestkohtunikuks kahe maailmasõjavahelisel perioodil. Ristikivi. Merike. Luts-Sootak. Marju. 2017. Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal. Räis. Heli-Triin. 2/3 . 309–340 . 10.12697/AA.2017.2-3.05 . free.
140. Web site: Endised Riigikohtu liikmed. Eesti Vabariigi Riigikohtu.
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142. Book: New Perspectives on European Women's Legal History. Kimble. Sara L.. Röwekamp. Marion. 2016-07-01. Routledge. 978-1-317-57716-4. en.
143. Web site: lakimies.admin . 2014-01-07 . Syksyn uusi hittikirjaJari Tervo ja vahvan naisjuristin muotokuva . 2024-03-29 . Juristiuutiset.
144. Blomstedt, Yrjö: What Where When 1955, pp. 52–53. Helsinki: Kustannussakeyhtiö Otava, 1954.
145. Certain sources state that Katri Hakkila (née Caselius; lawyer as of 1919) was Finland's first female judge. Although she was identified as a judge during the 1930s, it is uncertain when and if she started in the same timeframe as Sohlstedt and Harmaja.
146. Web site: Inkeri Anttila . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180516103625/http://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/governments/minister/-/m/inkeri-anttila . 2018-05-16 . 2018-05-15 . Valtioneuvosto . en-US.
147. Book: Lakimies. 1970. Osakeyhtiö Kauppakirjapaino. fi.
148. Web site: Oikeusministeri Anna-Maja Henrikssonin juhlapuhe Naisjuristit ry:n 70-vuotisjuhlassa 6.2.2015. Oikeusministeriö. 6 February 2015. fi-FI. 2018-06-04.
149. Web site: KHO's "ensimmäinen nainen"-Korkein hallinto-oikeus . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230030331/https://www.kho.fi/fi/index/korkeinhallinto-oikeus/kho100/khonquotensimmainennainenquot.html . 2018-12-30 . 2018-06-04 . www.kho.fi.
150. Web site: Korkeimman oikeuden jättävä presidentti Pauliine Koskelo: Joululahjarahat eivät kuulu tuomioistuimiin. Yle Uutiset. 8 December 2015. fi. 2018-06-04.
151. Web site: Potkut saaneelle valtakunnansyyttäjälle nimitettiin seuraaja – ensimmäinen nainen virassa. Keski-Uusimaa. 13 July 2018. fi. 2019-08-04.
152. Web site: Tuula Linna Lakimiesliiton puheenjohtajaksi. 2018-12-05. Lakimiesuutiset. 2019-08-02.
153. Web site: Professori Tuula Linna Lakimiesliiton puheenjohtajaksi – Lakimiesliitto. www.lakimiesliitto.fi. 2019-08-02.
154. Book: Bellevue, Xavier Cte de. Une femme avocat. 1902. J. Poisson. fr.
155. Book: Revue morbihannaise. 1902. fr.
156. Book: Études. 1902. fr.
157. Book: Zirin, Mary Fleming. Women & Gender in Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Eurasia: A Comprehensive Bibliography. 2007-01-01. M.E. Sharpe. 978-0-7656-2444-4.
158. Web site: Did you know?. fr. 2016-09-27. 2017-09-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20170910125147/http://www.gruiadufaut.com/en/inedites/. dead.
159. Web site: Women in French Legal History First 100 Years. first100years.org.uk. 2018-06-04. 2017-06-15.
160. Book: Figaro : journal non politique. 1901-01-22. Figaro. Paris.
161. Chauvin was the second female lawyer in France.
162. Book: Clark, Linda L.. Women and Achievement in Nineteenth-Century Europe. 2008-04-17. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-65098-4.
163. Rennes. Juliette. J. Rennes, Annexes de Le mérite et la nature. (Thèse de doctorat. 2005).. en.
164. Book: La longue marche des femmes: 1789–1920, des citoyennes aux suffragistes. Carbonnier. Annelise. Toulet. Michel. Lecat. Jean-Michel. 2008. Phébus. 978-2-7529-0361-7. fr.
165. Quemin. Alain. 1998. Modalités féminines d'entrée et d'insertion dans une profession d'élites : le cas des femmes commissaires-priseurs. Sociétés Contemporaines. 29. 1. 87–106. 10.3406/socco.1998.1843. 143952315 .
166. Book: Quemin, Alain. Les commissaires-priseurs: la mutation d'une profession. 1997. Anthropos. 978-2-7178-3427-7. fr.
167. Web site: Commissaires prisés. 2019-02-01. Femmes en Bourgogne. fr-FR. 2019-08-12. 2019-08-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20190812181840/https://femmesenbourgogne.fr/2019/02/01/commissaires-prises/. dead.
168. Book: Fette, Julie . Exclusions: Practicing Prejudice in French Law and Medicine, 1920–1945 . 2012-03-27 . Cornell University Press . 978-0-8014-6399-0 . en.
169. Book: Martyn, Anne Marie. Ils ont bonne mémoire. 1965. Istra. fr.
170. Book: Journal de la marine marchande. January 1980. fr.
171. Kimble. Sara L.. 2003. "For the Family, France, and Humanity": Authority and Maternity in the Tribunaux pour Enfants. Proceedings of the Western Society for French History. 31. 2573-5012. 2027/spo.0642292.0031.013.
172. Book: Section of International and Comparative Law Bulletin. 1964. International and Comparative Law Section of the American Bar Association. en.
173. Boigeol. Anne. 1996. Les femmes et les Cours. La difficile mise en œuvre de l'égalité des sexes dans l'accès à la magistrature. Genèses. Sciences Sociales et Histoire. 22. 1. 107–129. 10.3406/genes.1996.1372.
174. Web site: 2020-08-21. " L'institution judiciaire a effacé les traces des premières femmes magistrats ". 2021-03-20. Actu-Juridique. fr.
175. News: Collectif GLFF . 2017 . la Grande Loge Féminine de France . 19.
176. L'accès des femmes aux postes dirigeants de l'état. Revue Française d'Administration Publique. 145 . 1 . Rouban . Luc . 2013 . 89–108 . 10.3917/rfap.145.0089 .
177. Web site: Simone Veil, défenseuse de l'avortement. 2014-02-14. L'Histoire par les femmes. fr-FR. 2019-08-12.
178. Web site: Goutmann Marie-Thérèse [née MILHAU Marie-Thérèse, Louise] – Maitron]. maitron-en-ligne.univ-paris1.fr. 2019-08-12.
179. Web site: June 19, 1985. Application for Revision and Interpretation of the Judgment of 24 February 1982 in the case concerning the Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)(Tunisia v. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)-Progress and Closure of Public Hearings. Communique.
180. Web site: Arlen. Sigrid. 2017. L A Notion de Functionnaire International. International Labour Organization.
181. Book: Boigeol, Anne. Femmes et justice pénale : XIXe-XXe siècles. 2015-07-09. Presses universitaires de Rennes. 978-2-7535-2488-0. Bard. Christine. Histoire. Rennes. 363–371. Chauvaud. Frédéric. Perrot. Michelle. Petit. Jacques-Guy.
182. Web site: Noëlle lenoir, en campagne à la campagne. March 3, 2008. Le Parisian.
183. Web site: 2012-12-28 . Première femme avocat général de la Cour des comptes . 2024-08-13 . DECIDEURS MAGAZINE - Accédez à toute l’actualité de la vie des affaires : stratégie, finance, RH, innovation . fr-fr.
184. News: Bar-le-Duc: Sarah Tournier, première femme juge, depuis quatre siècles, au tribunal de commerce. 2018-06-04. fr.
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396. Book: The Polish Biographical Dictionary: Profiles of Nearly 900 Poles who Have Made Lasting Contributions to World Civilization. registration. 135. Sokol. Stanley S.. Kissane. Sharon F. Mrotek. Abramowicz. Alfred L.. 1992. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. 978-0-86516-245-7.
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399. Dębska. Hanna. Płeć i władza. Kobiety w Trybunale Konstytucyjnym. Studia Podlaskie. 2014. en. 22. 91–111. 10.15290/sp.2014.22.06. 0867-1370. free.
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401. Web site: Hanna Suchocka . 2024-08-08 . www.smolec.pl.
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403. Web site: Is Poland still a democracy?. Petriczko. Ada. News Mavens. en. 2019-04-15.
404. News: EU steps up Poland row over judges' jobs. 2018-07-02. 2019-04-15. en-GB.
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412. News: Ruth Garcez tinha 72 anos. Morreu a primeira juíza portuguesa. Público. 2017-12-15. pt.
413. Book: Galhardo, Anabela. Novos olhares: passado e presente nos estudos sobre as mulheres em Portugal. 2003. Celta. 978-972-774-160-1. pt.
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418. News: 2017-10-06. Mulheres Mais Influentes de Portugal: Joana Marques Vidal Executiva. pt-PT. Executiva. 2018-03-17.
419. Web site: Mara Lúcia Amaral – Diario de Noticias. www.dn.pt. pt. 2019-02-14.
420. Web site: O Supremo Tribunal tem pela primeira vez uma mulher a assumir a vice-presidência. ionline. pt. 2019-04-23.
421. Web site: Maria dos Prazeres Beleza eleita Vice-Presidente do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça. 2018-10-25. Supremo Tribunal de Justiça. pt-PT. 2019-04-23.
422. Web site: Coimbra. Notícias de. Conimbricense Dulce Neto torna-se hoje na primeira mulher a presidir a um supremo tribunal português. 16 October 2019 . 2021-03-11. pt-PT.
423. Book: New Perspectives on European Women's Legal History. Kimble. Sara L.. Röwekamp. Marion. 2016-07-01. Routledge. 978-1-317-57716-4.
424. News: Amintiri despre Veronica Zosin Gorgos. Pandoras.realitatea.net. 2022-07-24. ro-RO.
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427. Nicolescu. Friedmann. April 2015. History of the Legal Profession in Romania moments, people and personalities. Journal of Law and Administrative Sciences.
428. Web site: Exclusiv. Declarație Zguduitoare. Judecătoarea CCR Aspazia Cojocaru: "Eu nu vreau să fac pușcărie, să încalc legea nu pot! Transmiteți-i domnului Predescu să lupte în continuare singur!". Fotache. Violeta. January 12, 2014. Evenimentul zilei.
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432. News: Prima femeie magistrat militar este soția pilotului decedat de la Baza Aeriană din Câmpia Turzii. 2018-02-27. ro-ro.
433. Book: Koblitz. Science, Women and Revolution in Russia. 2014-01-02. Routledge. 978-1-134-41806-0.
434. Web site: Знай наших!. herzenlib.ru. 2020-03-15.
435. Web site: Они были первыми: женщины-юристы как вызов обществу. Федоровна. Остроумова Людмила. ilex. ru-RU. 2020-03-15.
436. Book: Tvory: u 50 tomakh. Hrushevsʹkyĭ. Mykhaĭlo. Paton. Boris Evgenʹevich. Sokhanʹ. Pavel Stepanovich. 2005. Svit. 978-966-603-223-5. uk.
437. Web site: http://anticapitalist.ru/2018/05/08/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8F-%D0%B2-%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8/ . ru:Первая женщина-судья в истории России: эмансипация и ислам — Российское Социалистическое Движение. anticapitalist.ru. ru-RU. 2018-05-21.
438. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=rdesCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA119 . ru:Ислам и советское государство (По материалам Восточного отдела ОГПУ. 1926 г.). Выпуск 1. 2017-09-05. Litres. 978-5-04-001381-4. ru.
439. Web site: ДАНИЛОВА-ПЛОТНИКОВА П.Л. — ПЕРВАЯ ЖЕНЩИНА-СУДЬЯ.
440. Web site: Career staircase prosecutor. The most famous lawyers of Russia. Search for work . 2023-01-20 . vitrina96.ru.
441. Web site: Право.ru: законодательство, судебная система, новости и аналитика. Все о юридическом рынке. . 2023-01-20 . ПРАВО.Ru . ru.
442. Web site: История Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации. www.ksrf.ru. 2019-07-30. 2021-09-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20210927205911/http://www.ksrf.ru/ru/Info/History/Pages/default.aspx. dead.
443. Book: Из истории создания Конституции Российской Федерации: 1991 год. 2007. Wolters Kluwer Russia. 978-5-466-00323-9. ru.
444. Web site: Морщакова Тамара Георгиевна. The History of Contemporary Russia. prohistory.info. 2019-07-30. 2019-07-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20190730043539/http://prohistory.info/en/people/34. dead.
445. Web site: Donne, Lavoro, Impresa a San Marino. Soroptimist International.
446. Web site: Women Captains Regent – Repubblica di San Marino, portale ufficiale. 2019-06-01. www.sanmarino.sm.
447. The duties of the Captain Regent include presiding over the republic's judiciary body Council of XII (Consiglio dei XII).
448. Web site: Albo avvocati San Marino, consulta l'albo completo dei notai di San Marino Ordine degli Avvocati e Notai della Repubblica di San Marino. 2021-09-12. www.avvocati-notai.sm.
449. Web site: San Marino, avvocati e notai. Chi al posto di M. Micheloni? Patrizia Cupo, Corriere Romagna San Marino. 2021-09-12. Libertas. 20 February 2012 . it.
450. News: Maria Selva è il presidente dell'ordine degli avvocati. 2012-02-29. SMTV San Marino. 2018-02-19. it-IT.
451. News: Rotary Day: il Club del Titano presenta progetti e scopi sociali. 2015-02-21. SMTV San Marino. 2018-02-19. it-IT.
452. Web site: 2016-01-15. L'Avvocato Maria Selva è il nuovo Vice Presidente della Camera Penale di San Marino. 2021-09-12. San Marino Rtv. it.
453. Web site: Venturini. Angela. 2017-02-02. Camera Penale, Gianna Burgagni nuovo presidente. 2021-09-12. Tribuna Politica Web.sm. it-IT.
454. Web site: Прва жена адвокат бесплатно бранила сиромашне. novosti.rs. 2016-09-30.
455. Web site: January 2019. Istorija Žena U Advokaturi Srbije1Esej u čast Katarine Lengold Marinković. Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine.
456. Book: НИН. недељне информативне новине . March 2006 . Politika. . sr.
457. Web site: Uspešne žene o "Blicovoj" listi najmoćnijih. B. E.. Blic.rs. 27 November 2007 . sr. 2019-02-14.
458. Web site: Sudija dr Bosa Nenadić. www.ustavni.sud.rs. 2019-02-14.
459. Web site: sr:Покренута смена Нате Месаровић. http://91.222.7.182/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0/%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE.395.html:411391-Pokrenuta-smena-Nate-Mesarovic. 2018-05-21. 91.222.7.182. sr-Latn. 2018-12-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20181215223105/http://91.222.7.182/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0/%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE.395.html:411391-Pokrenuta-smena-Nate-Mesarovic. dead.
460. Web site: Сеча у врху судства. 2021-09-08. Novosti. sr.
461. Web site: Podneta krivična prijava protiv advokata Cvejića Hronika . 2024-03-30 . Direktno . sr.
462. Web site: The First Women in the Slovakian Legal Profession: A Cultural Analysis. Gajdoshova. M.. March 17, 2016.
463. Pappova was registered in the Bar Association of the Bar of Turcianski of St. Martin in Slovakia.
464. Web site: Naša advokácia, JUDr. Peter Kerecman, PhD.. nasaadvokacia.sk. 2016-10-06.
465. Web site: slovenskej advokácie bulletin Pozvánka Slovenské dni práva 13. a Neprehliadnite! Súťaž o najlepšiu esej – PDF. docplayer.net. 2019-08-14.
466. Zieglerov was the first female student in the Faculty of Law and the first female lawyer registered to practice in Kosice, Slovakia.
467. Book: Feinberg, Melissa. Elusive Equality: Gender, Citizenship, and the Limits of Democracy in Czechoslovokia, 1918–1950. April 2006. University of Pittsburgh Press. 978-0-8229-7103-0. en.
468. Web site: Prvá žena podpredsedníčkou Najvyššieho súdu SR. www.etrend.sk. sk. 2019-08-14. 2019-08-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20190814202826/https://www.etrend.sk/ekonomika/prva-zena-podpredsednickou-najvyssieho-sudu-sr.html. dead.
469. Web site: Verejné vypočutie absolvovala šéfka najvyššieho súdu Daniela Švecová. 2019-01-25. Topky.sk. en. 2019-08-14.
470. Web site: Ústavný súd povedie Ivetta Macejková. domov.sme.sk. sk. 2019-02-14.
471. Web site: Biti Ali Ne Biti Ženska V Znanosti. Mladenić. Dunja. November 2007.
472. Web site: Ženske v slovenski literaturi in družbi. Golčman. Metka. February 2009. 2018-05-15. 2018-02-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20180227213758/https://share.upr.si/fhs/PUBLIC/diplomske/Fabjancic-Masa.pdf. dead.
473. Book: Šelih . Alenka . Antić . Milica G. . Puhar . Alenka . Rener . Tanja . Šuklje . Rapa . Verginella . Marta . Verginella . Marta . Tavčar . Lidija . Pozabljena polovica : portreti žensk 19. in 20. stoletja na Slovenskem . Tuma . Ljubljana . 2007 . 978-961-6682-01-5 . 449282634 . sl.
474. Irena . Selišnik . Review of Pozabljena polovica. Portreti žensk 19. in 20. stoletja na Slovenskem . Social Science Forum (Družboslovne razprave) . 0352-3608 . XXIV . 58 . 2008 . 136 . sl .
475. Web site: Zgodovina Vrhovnega sodišča. www.sodisce.si. 2019-08-15.
476. Web site: Oblastni vakuum. Žerdin. Ali. 2016-09-23. www.delo.si. sl-si. 2019-08-15.
477. Web site: 2016 . VRHOVNO SODIŠČE na Slovenskem skozi čas . VRHOVNO SODIŠČE REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE.
478. Hlastec was an ongoing president, as she began heading the Supreme Court of Slovenia beginning in 1981.
479. News: Na mestu ustavne sodnice danes uradno nastopi Miroslava Geč-Korošec. 24ur.com. 2018-02-24. sl.
480. Web site: Sedanja sestava » us-rs.si. www.us-rs.si. 2019-08-14.
481. Web site: Nov predsednik in podpredsednica Ustavnega sodišča RS » us-rs.si. www.us-rs.si. 2019-08-14.
482. Web site: Urmla je Zdenka Cerar. www.24ur.com. sl. 2018-05-31.
483. Web site: Jana Ahčin nova predsednica računskega sodišča . 2024-08-14 . Megafon . sl-SI.
484. Web site: 2024-03-08 . Slovenija tudi uradno s prvo sodnico na sodišču v Haagu . 2024-03-26 . N1 . sl-SI.
485. Book: L'advocacia: una qüestió de gènere? : l'exercici professional de les advocades de Barcelona. Gutiérrez. Carmen. Lope. Andreu. Torns. Teresa. 2002. Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona. 978-84-490-2295-1. ca.
486. Web site: Empar Bria guardonada amb el VI Premi d'Ajuda a la Igualtat "Ascensión Chirivella" riberaexpress.es. riberaexpress.es. es-ES. 2017-10-12. 2017-02-28.
487. Web site: EFE . Agencia . 2022-03-14 . Las "pioneras" del Tribunal de Cuentas, reconocidas por vez primera en libro . 2024-08-14 . COPE . es.
488. Web site: September 1, 2018. Las abogadas pioneras del Derecho. Legis.
489. Web site: Una feminista contra el sufragio femenino, Victoria Kent (1889–1987). 8 January 2014 . 2021-09-10.
490. Book: Historical Dictionary of the Catalans. Buffery. Helena. Marcer. Elisenda. 2010-12-18. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-7514-2.
491. Herrera. Alejandra. Valero. Vida. 2005. El Fenómeno Teatral y María Luisa ALgarra: Analisis de Sombra de Alas. Tema y Variaciones de Literatura. 23. 2018-05-15. 2018-05-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20180508053942/http://uam.dspace.escire.net/bitstream/handle/11191/2047/El_fenomeno_teatral_no_23.pdf?sequence=1. dead.
492. Book: Tema y variaciones de literatura. 2003. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Azcapotzalco, División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades. es.
493. Book: Bonamusa, Francesc. Andreu Nin y el movimiento comunista en España: 1930–1937. 1977. Editorial Anagrama. 978-84-339-1105-6. es.
494. Web site: La Historia no Contada UP Albacete. www.upalbacete.es. Spanish. 2018-05-07. 2018-05-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20180508054713/https://www.upalbacete.es/noticias.asp?id=1213. dead.
495. Osuna. Federico Vázquez. 2009. Las primeras mujeres juezas y fiscales españolas(1931–1939): Las juristas pioneras. ARENAL. 16. 1 . 133–150.
496. Casas was also the first female called to the Bar Association of Albacete.
497. Web site: Ha fallecido Maria Luisa Suarez, Fundadora de despachos laboralistas en la etapa franquista y militante comunista.. www.profesionalespcm.org. 2019-01-10.
498. Web site: 2018-07-28. Mujeres pioneras en la Justicia: Con ellas comenzó la batalla por la igualdad. 2021-03-20. Confilegal. es.
499. Web site: Jubilación de una jueza pionera. November 21, 2013. www.poderjudicial.es. es. 2018-05-07.
500. News: TC celebra Día de la Mujer recordando a Gloria Begué, su primera magistrada. La Vanguardia. 2018-03-19.
501. Begue was also the first female law professor (1964) and Dean of the Faculty of Law (1969) at the University of Salamanca in Salamanca, Spain.
502. News: Martínez . Isabel C. . 2002-04-11 . Una mujer vuelve a presidir el Tribunal de Cuentas . 2024-08-14 . El País . es . 1134-6582.
503. News: La normalidad de las juezas pioneras. 2018-05-07. es-ES.
504. News: Jura su cargo Milagros Calvo, la primera mujer que accede al Tribunal Supremo. 2002-02-18. El País. 2018-05-07. es. 1134-6582.
505. Web site: María Emilia Casas Baamonde: de la docencia al máximo poder judicial. www.elmundo.es. 2019-05-18.
506. Web site: C.G.P.J – En Portada. 2021-03-20. www.poderjudicial.es.
507. Web site: Ángela Murillo, la juez que no puede permanecer callada. www.elmundo.es. 2018-05-07.
508. Book: Tiempo de hoy. 2008. Ediciones Tiempo, S.A.. es.
509. News: La primera mujer fiscal general del Estado, Consuelo Madrigal, promete su cargo ante el Rey. eldiario.es. 2018-03-16. es.
510. News: Toma posesión la primera mujer en la Sala Militar del Supremo. 2009-09-08. El País. 2018-04-27. es. 1134-6582.
511. News: María Elósegui, la primera jueza española en el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. 2018-03-19. es-ES.
512. News: Por primera vez una abogada gitana representará a España contra el racismo en el Consejo de Europa. Rodella. Francesco. 2018-01-14. El País. 2018-10-01. es. 1134-6582.
513. Web site: 2020-09-30. María Luisa Segoviano, primera mujer en ocupar una presidencia de Sala en el Tribunal Supremo. 2021-02-11. La Vanguardia. es.
514. Book: The Irish Jurist and Local Government Review: A Journal Devoted to the Interests of the Law and Local Government in Ireland. 1904. Dollard Limited.
515. Journal of Social History. 33. 4. 825–857. 3789167. Albisetti. James C.. 153728481. Portia Ante Portas: Women and the Legal Profession in Europe, ca. 1870–1925. 2000. 10.1353/jsh.2000.0051.
516. Web site: skbl.se - Anna Maria Pettersson. skbl.se. 2019-08-04.
517. Book: Streeten, Paul. Value in Social Theory. 2013-11-05. Routledge. 978-1-136-22693-9.
518. Book: Riksdagens protokoll vid lagtima riksmötet. 1929. Isaac Marcus.. sv.
519. Web site: skbl.se – Hedvig Anna-Lisa Vinberg . 2019-08-04 . skbl.se.
520. Web site: Historia – Högsta domstolen. 2012-12-19. www.hogstadomstolen.se. sv. 2018-05-25.
521. Web site: Radio . Sveriges . 2016-09-15 . Anne Ramberg – en sluten asfaltsblomma men ingen blyg viol - Söndagsintervjun . 2024-03-30 . sverigesradio.se . sv.
522. Web site: InfoTorg Juridik - HD söker ny ordförande . 2024-03-30 . www.infotorgjuridik.se.
523. Web site: Advokaten – Petra Lundh blir första kvinnan som RÅ. www.advokaten.se. 2019-08-04.
524. Web site: Ny riksåklagare och chef för Åklagarmyndigheten. Regeringskansliet. Regeringen och. 2018-07-12. Regeringskansliet. sv. 2019-08-04.
525. Web site: Anna Mackenroth. Ludi. regula. Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse. 17 November 2017.
526. Web site: Dora Labhart-Roeder. 2021-08-22. Hommage 2021. en.
527. News: 2021-06-13. Le droit de plaider, première victoire des femmes de Suisse, grâce à l'avocate Dora Roeder. fr. Le Temps. 2021-08-22. 1423-3967.
528. Labhart-Roeder was also the first female lawyer in the Canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.
529. Book: Blütenweiss bis rabenschwarz: St. Galler Frauen—200 Porträts. Witzig. Heidi. Heidi Witzig. Bräuniger. Renate. 2003. Limmat. 978-3-85791-444-7. de.
530. Web site: 2021-03-10 . Annemarie Geissbühler - Die erste Staatsanwältin der Schweiz . 2024-08-08 . Hommage 2021 . en.
531. Web site: Schutzfaktor M – Margrith Bigler-Eggenberger. meine-geschichte.schutzfaktor-m.ch. de. 2018-06-04. 2018-10-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20181004230107/https://meine-geschichte.schutzfaktor-m.ch/de/margrith-bigler-eggenberger. dead.
532. Web site: Universität St.Gallen IRP-Homepage Dr.iur. Margrith Bigler-Eggenberger-Fonds. IRP-Homepage. de. 2018-06-04. 2018-10-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20181004230107/https://irp.unisg.ch/de/forschen/kompetenzzentrum-rechtspsychologie/margrith-bigler-eggenberger-fonds. dead.
533. Web site: Départ à la retraite de Mme Anne Colliard, procureure générale. Freiburg. Etat de Fribourg / Staat. www.fr.ch. fr. 2018-05-31. 2011-10-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20111007085433/http://www.fr.ch/pj/fr/pub/actualites.cfm?fuseaction_pre=Detail&NewsID=35812. dead.
534. News: Les magistrates s'imposent, pas les avocates ("The magistrates are needed, not the lawyers"). Duvillard. Laureline. May 19, 2011. SWI swissinfo.ch. 2018-05-31. fr.
535. Web site: 2021-06-11 . Birgit Sambeth Glasner est la nouvelle présidente de la Fédération Suisse des Avocats . 2024-03-30 . www.allnews.ch . en.
536. Web site: "Die Verantwortung war riesig": Die erste Geheimdienstrichterin der Schweiz zieht Bilanz. az Aargauer Zeitung. de-ch. 2019-04-12. 2019-04-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20190412233153/https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/schweiz/die-verantwortung-war-riesig-die-erste-geheimdienstrichterin-der-schweiz-zieht-bilanz-134270761. dead.
537. Web site: 2019-08-28. Professora Suíça torna-se a Primeira Mulher Juíza Ad Hoc do Tribunal Internacional do Direito do Mar. 2021-02-14. IBDMAR. pt-BR.
538. Web site: 2020-12-29. Tribunal fédéral suisse : nouvelle présidence. 2021-03-20. Association des Cours Constitutionnelles Francophones. fr-FR.
539. http://book.uraic.ru/elib/authors/gorbunov/sl-4.htm ПИСАТЕЛЬНИЦЫ РОССИИ (материалы для биобиблиографического словаря) Составитель Ю. А. Горбунов
540. Web site: 2018-10-26. Дещо про юридичні видання 1912–1913 років. 2021-09-19. Альфа-Омега. uk.
541. Web site: Офіційний портал Верховної Ради України. March 19, 1997. iportal.rada.gov.ua.
542. Web site: IX З'їзд Спілки адвокатів України обрав нового Президента, ним став Ламах Тарас. 2021-09-17. Інтерфакс-Україна. uk.
543. Web site: Судді у відставці Конституційний Суд України. www.ccu.gov.ua. 2019-07-30.
544. Web site: Валерія Пшеничного і Сюзанну Станік обрано заступниками голови Конституційного Суду України. September 27, 2006. July 30, 2019. July 31, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190731001332/http://kreschatic.kiev.ua/ua/2936/art/34544.html. dead.
545. Web site: Анна Юдковская. ФОКУС. 27 October 2011. ru. 2019-08-13.
546. Web site: Новим головою Верховного суду України обрали Валентину Данішевську. 24 Канал. 30 November 2017 . 2019-04-16.
547. Web site: Хто така нова голова Верховного Суду України Валентина Данішевська. hromadske.ua. 30 November 2017 . uk. 2019-04-16.
548. Web site: Наталя Шаптала: що відомо про першу жінку – голову Конституційного суду України. nv.ua. 2019-07-30.
549. News: Ukrainian Investigative Director Who Clashed With Activists Approved As Prosecutor-General. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 17 March 2020 . en. 2020-04-24.
550. Web site: Dr. Silvia Monica Correale, Postulator. 2013-06-28. 2016-09-29.
551. Web site: Focolare President. 2011-02-15. Focolare Movement. 2016-09-29.
552. Web site: February 2021. Papa Francisco nomeia primeira mulher com direito a voto no Sínodo dos Bispos. PSDB Mulher.