List of female cabinet ministers of the Republic of Ireland explained

The Government of Ireland is the cabinet that exercises executive authority in the Republic of Ireland. Its ministers are collectively responsible for the Departments of State administered by the members of the Government.

, twenty-two women have served as cabinet ministers in governments of the Republic of Ireland and its predecessors the Irish Free State (1922–1937) and the Irish Republic (1919–1922). After a 58-year gap between the first and second women ministers, there has been at least one woman in all cabinets since December 1982. No woman has ever been Taoiseach (prime minister), but four women have served as Tánaiste (deputy prime minister).

Other women have served outside the cabinet as junior ministers, known until 1978 as Parliamentary Secretaries, and since then as Ministers of State. For example, five of the twenty Ministers of State appointed by the government of Micheál Martin in June 2020 were women, with two regularly attending cabinet.

The 32nd Government of Ireland was formed in June 2020 by Taoiseach Micheál Martin. it includes four women as ministers in the cabinet: Norma Foley, Heather Humphreys, Catherine Martin and Helen McEntee. No more than four women have served in cabinet at any one time. Criticism of the imbalance is defended by pointing to male dominance of the Oireachtas (parliament) from which ministers are appointed.

Constitution

The 1937 Constitution of Ireland requires the government to consist of between seven and fifteen members, including the Taoiseach (prime minister). The Taoiseach is elected by Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Oireachtas), and chooses the other ministers including the Tánaiste (deputy prime minister).

Since the formation of the 12th Government of Ireland in 1966, all Irish cabinets have been formed with the constitutional maximum of fifteen ministers. The total sometimes falls below this number for brief periods following the resignation of individual ministers or the withdrawal of a party from a coalition. For example, six ministers resigned in January 2011 from the 28th Government of Ireland, and were not replaced until March, when the 29th Government was formed after the general election in February.

Only three ministerial offices are specifically identified in the constitution: Taoiseach, Tánaiste and Minister for Finance. No woman has ever been appointed as Taoiseach or Minister for Finance. However, four women have served as Tánaiste. The first woman Tánaiste was Mary Harney (1997–2006), who in 1993 had become the first woman to lead a political party in the Dáil. Harney was followed by Mary Coughlan (2008–2011), Joan Burton (2014–2016), and Frances Fitzgerald (2016–2017).

Each minister must be a member of the Oireachtas (the national parliament), whose eligibility criteria for membership are defined as being "without distinction of sex". Up to two members of the Government may be members of Seanad Éireann, the upper house of the Oireachtas, but the only three senators ever appointed as ministers were men. All women in Irish cabinets have been Teachtaí Dála (TDs), i.e. members of Dáil Éireann.

History

The first woman cabinet minister in Ireland was Constance Markievicz, who in April 1919 became Minister for Labour in the Second Ministry of the revolutionary First Dáil. She was only the second woman minister in the national government of any country, after Alexandra Kollontai's appointment in 1917 as People's Commissar in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

When the Second Dáil assembled in August 1921, Markievicz continued as Minister for Labour, but her post was no longer at cabinet level in the Government of the Second Dáil. Markievicz and other ministers opposed to the Anglo-Irish Treaty resigned from the Government on 9 January 1922.

Only two women were returned to the Third Dáil in the general election in June 1922, down from six at the 1921 election, when 4.7% of TDs were women. The 1920s and 1930s were a conservative period in Ireland, in which women's rights were reversed, and no women were members of the Executive Council of the 1922–1937 Irish Free State. From the 1930s to the 1960s most women TDs were widows or other relatives of deceased TDs, and the 4.7% ratio achieved in 1921 was not equalled again until the 1981 general election returned 11 women, who comprised 6.6% of the 22nd Dáil.

More than 58 years elapsed between Markievicz leaving office and the appointment in December 1979 of Máire Geoghegan-Quinn as the second woman in cabinet. In 1977, Geoghegan-Quinn had become the first woman since Markievicz to serve as a junior minister in the Irish government, when Jack Lynch appointed her as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry and Commerce. Two years later, aged 29, she was "flabbergasted" to become Minister for the Gaeltacht in the first cabinet of Taoiseach Charles Haughey.

Since then, the only all-male Irish government was the March–December 1982 second government of Charles Haughey. All cabinets since December 1982 have included at least one woman. The first time two women served as ministers simultaneously was in January 1993, when Taoiseach Albert Reynolds included both Máire Geoghegan-Quinn and Niamh Bhreathnach in his cabinet. Bhreathnach was the first woman to be appointed as minister at the start of her first Dáil term, and the only one until Katherine Zappone became Minister for Children and Youth Affairs in May 2016.

Political scientists Yvonne Galligan and Fiona Buckley note that women have been grossly under-represented in Irish politics, with men making up 91% of all cabinet appointments between 1919 and June 2017. They also found that women in the Irish cabinet are twice as likely to hold a social portfolio (48%) than an economic portfolio (24%). By contrast, only 17% of men held social portfolios, and 52% held an economic or foreign affairs portfolio.

All but two of the women who have served as ministers since 1919 are still alive. The first Irish woman minister, Constance Markievicz, died in 1927, and the third, Eileen Desmond, died in 2005. Ireland's oldest living woman former minister is -year-old Mary O'Rourke.

Calls for gender balance

The highest number of women ever in an Irish cabinet is four, a number first reached in 2004–2007, and again in each cabinet from 2014 to the present. However, this amounts to only 27% of the 15 ministers, and has been criticised by the National Women's Council of Ireland as "way off a gender-balanced Cabinet".

In 2014, then Taoiseach Enda Kenny pledged that if re-elected he would appoint a cabinet "50:50 on merit, of men and women". When Kenny formed the 30th Government in May 2016 with four women ministers out of fifteen, he was criticised by women campaigners for the lack of increase. Minister Regina Doherty defended Kenny, saying he had "probably done the best that he can do". TheJournal.ie noted that the "proportion of senior ministers who are women is 27%, higher than the 22% of TDs". In June 2017, Kenny's successor Leo Varadkar also appointed four women to his cabinet. He too was criticised for not including more women, but replied that "your ministerial team generally reflects the composition of the Dáil". Varadkar promised "to make sure we have many more women in our next parliamentary party so that I can promote many more women".

In February 2018, Minister for Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht Josepha Madigan launched a programme of commemoration of the centenary of women's enfranchisement. The Representation of the People Act 1918 gave limited voting rights for women. The right to stand for election was granted later in 1918, by the Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act. Madigan said the Irish State "failed women for far too long," and that it was time to "redouble our efforts" to provide equal opportunities. Former Tánaiste Joan Burton called for the next government to consist of an equal number of men and women.

List of women ministers

Numerical order represents the order of first appointment to the cabinet.
Age represents age on appointment to that office.

NamePortraitOfficePartyAppointedLeft officeAgeTaoiseachGov't
data-sort-value="01"1data-sort-value="Markievicz, Constance" scope="row"Constance Markievicz
data-sort-value="Labour"Minister for LabourSinn Féin51data-sort-value="de Valera"Éamon de Valera2nd DM
2
data-sort-value="Gaeltacht" Minister for the GaeltachtFianna Fáil29data-sort-value="Haughey"Charles Haughey16th
data-sort-value="Tourism"Minister for Tourism, Transport and Communications42Albert Reynolds22nd
data-sort-value="Justice"Minister for Justice4223rd
data-sort-value="Equality"Minister for Equality and Law Reform44
data-sort-value="03" rowspan=23data-sort-value="Desmond, Eileen" scope="row" rowspan=2
 - <-- Portrait -->data-sort-value="Health"Minister for HealthLabour48data-sort-value="FitzGerald" rowspan=2Garret FitzGerald17th
data-sort-value="Social"Minister for Social Welfare
4
 - <-- Portrait -->data-sort-value="Education" Minister for EducationFine Gael44Garret FitzGerald18th
data-sort-value="Social Welfare" Minister for Social Welfare47
data-sort-value="Labour" Minister for Labour48
5
 - <-- Portrait -->Minister for EducationFianna Fáil49Charles Haughey20th
21st
data-sort-value="Health" Minister for Health54
data-sort-value="Public Enterprise" Minister for Public Enterprise60data-sort-value="Ahern"Bertie Ahern25th
6Niamh Bhreathnach
Minister for EducationLabour47data-sort-value="Reynolds"Albert Reynolds22rd
49John Bruton
data-sort-value="07"7data-sort-value="Owen, Nora" scope="row"Nora Owen
data-sort-value="Justice"Minister for JusticeFine Gael49
8=Mary Harney
TánaisteProgressive Democrats
44Bertie Ahern25th
26th
Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment25th
26th
Minister for Health and Children51
27th
Brian Cowen28th
Independent
data-sort-value="08"8=data-sort-value="de Valera, Síle" scope="row"Síle de Valera
 - <-- Portrait -->data-sort-value="Arts"Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the IslandsFianna Fáil42data-sort-value="Ahern"Bertie Ahern25th
10
data-sort-value="Social"Minister for Social and Family AffairsFianna Fáil37data-sort-value="Ahern" rowspan=3Bertie Ahern26th
Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food39
27th
data-sort-value="2Tánaiste"Tánaiste42Brian Cowen28th
data-sort-value="Enterprise"Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment42
data-sort-value="Education"Minister for Education and Skills44
data-sort-value="Health"Minister for Health and Children51
11
Minister for Education and ScienceFianna Fáil45Bertie Ahern26th
27th
data-sort-value="Social"Minister for Social and Family Affairs48Brian Cowen28th
data-sort-value="Tourism"Minister for Tourism, Culture and Sport50
data-sort-value="Enterprise"Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Innovation51
12=
data-sort-value="Social"Minister for Social ProtectionLabour62Enda Kenny29th
data-sort-value="2Tánaiste"Tánaiste65
12=
data-sort-value="Children"Minister for Children and Youth AffairsFine Gael60Enda Kenny29th
Minister for Justice63
30th
Tánaiste65
Leo Varadkar31st
data-sort-value="Business"Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation66
data-sort-value="14"14=data-sort-value="O'Sullivan, Jan" scope="row"Jan O'Sullivan
data-sort-value="Education"Minister for Education and SkillsLabour53data-sort-value="Kenny"Enda Kenny29th
14=Heather Humphreys
data-sort-value="Arts"Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht51Enda Kenny29th
data-sort-value="Arts"Minister for Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs5230th
data-sort-value="Culture"Minister for Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht54Leo Varadkar31st
data-sort-value="Business"Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation54
data-sort-value="Rural"Minister for Rural and Community Development57data-sort-value="Martin" rowspan=4Micheál Martin32nd
data-sort-value="Social"Minister for Social Protection
data-sort-value="Justice"Minister for Justice58
data-sort-value="Justice"Minister for Justice59
Minister for Rural and Community DevelopmentIncumbent59data-sort-value="Varadkar" rowspan=2Leo Varadkar33rd
Minister for Social Protection
data-sort-value="Harris"Simon Harris34th
data-sort-value="16"16=data-sort-value="Mitchell O'Connor, Mary" scope="row"Mary Mitchell O'Connor
data-sort-value="Jobs"Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and InnovationFine Gael56data-sort-value="Kenny"Enda Kenny30th
16=Katherine Zappone
Minister for Children and Youth AffairsIndependent62data-sort-value="Kenny"Enda Kenny30th
data-sort-value="Varadkar"Leo Varadkar31st
data-sort-value="18"18data-sort-value="Doherty, Regina" scope="row"Regina Doherty
data-sort-value="Employment "Minister for Employment Affairs and Social ProtectionFine Gael46data-sort-value="Varadkar"Leo Varadkar31st
data-sort-value="19"19data-sort-value="Madigan, Josepha" scope="row"Josepha Madigan
[1] [2]
text-align:center"data-sort-value="Culture"Minister for Culture, Heritage and the GaeltachtFine Gael48data-sort-value="Varadkar"Leo Varadkar31st
20=Norma Foley
Minister for Education50data-sort-value="Martin"Micheál Martin32nd
Incumbent53data-sort-value="Varadkar"Leo Varadkar33rd
data-sort-value="Harris"Simon Harris34th
20=Catherine Martin
Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media47data-sort-value="Martin"Micheál Martin32nd
Incumbent50data-sort-value="Varadkar"Leo Varadkar33rd
data-sort-value="Harris"Simon Harris34th
20=Helen McEntee
data-sort-value="Justice"Minister for Justice34Micheál Martin32nd
data-sort-value="without"Minister without portfolio
data-sort-value="Justice"Minister for Justice35
data-sort-value="without"Minister without portfolio36Leo Varadkar33rd
Minister for JusticeIncumbent36data-sort-value="Varadkar"Leo Varadkar33rd
data-sort-value="Harris"Simon Harris34th

Timeline

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Number of women ministers in each Cabinet

StateDáilElection/FormedCabinetNo. of
women in
cabinet
Party
composition
HeadDeputy
Irish Republic1stdata-sort-value="1918"1918 electiondata-sort-value="Ministry.01" scope="row"1st Ministry0data-sort-value="Sinn Fein" rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Brugha"Cathal Brughadata-sort-value="-"N/A
1919data-sort-value="Ministry.02" scope="row"2nd Ministry1data-sort-value="de Valera"Éamon de Valeradata-sort-value="-"N/A
data-sort-value="02" rowspan="3" 2nddata-sort-value="1921"1921 electionsdata-sort-value="Ministry.03" scope="row"3rd Ministry0data-sort-value="Sinn Fein"data-sort-value="de Valera"Éamon de Valeradata-sort-value="-"N/A
data-sort-value="1922.1"1922 (Jan)data-sort-value="Ministry.04" scope="row"4th Ministry0data-sort-value="Sinn Fein (PT)" rowspan="2"data-sort-value="Griffith"Arthur Griffithdata-sort-value="-"N/A
Southern Irelanddata-sort-value="1922.2"1922 electiondata-sort-value="Provisional.01" scope="row"0data-sort-value="Collins, Micha1el"Michael Collinsdata-sort-value="-"N/A
data-sort-value="03" rowspan="2" 3rddata-sort-value="1922.3"1922 (Aug)data-sort-value="Provisional.02" scope="row"2nd Provisional Government0data-sort-value="Sinn Fein (PT)" rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Cosgrave, W. T." rowspan="2"W. T. Cosgravedata-sort-value="-"N/A
Irish Free Statedata-sort-value="1922.4"1922 (Dec) data-sort-value="Executive.01" scope="row"1st Executive Council0data-sort-value="O Higgins, Kevin"Kevin O'Higgins
data-sort-value="04"4thdata-sort-value="1923"1923 electiondata-sort-value="Executive.02" scope="row"2nd Executive Council0data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal"data-sort-value="Cosgrave, W. T."W. T. Cosgravedata-sort-value="O Higgins, Kevin"Kevin O'Higgins
5th1927 (Jun) election3rd Executive Council0data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal" rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Cosgrave, W. T. Cosgrave" rowspan="2"W. T. Cosgravedata-sort-value="O Higgins, Kevin"Kevin O'Higgins
data-sort-value="Blythe, Ernest"Ernest Blythe
data-sort-value="06" rowspan="2" 6thdata-sort-value="1927.09"1927 (Sep) electiondata-sort-value="Executive.04" scope="row"4th Executive Council0data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal" rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Cosgrave, W. T." rowspan="2"W. T. Cosgravedata-sort-value="Blythe, Ernest" rowspan="2"Ernest Blythe
1930data-sort-value="Executive.05" scope="row"5th Executive Council0
data-sort-value="07"7thdata-sort-value="1932"1932 electiondata-sort-value="Executive.06" scope="row"6th Executive Council0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail"data-sort-value="de Valera"Éamon de Valeradata-sort-value="O Kelly, Sean T"Seán T. O'Kelly
data-sort-value="08"8thdata-sort-value="1933"1933 electiondata-sort-value="Executive.07" scope="row"7th Executive Council0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail"data-sort-value="de Valera"Éamon de Valeradata-sort-value="O Kelly, Sean T"Seán T. O'Kelly
data-sort-value="09" rowspan="2"9thdata-sort-value="1937"1937 electiondata-sort-value="Executive.08" scope="row"8th Executive Council0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail" rowspan="2" data-sort-value="de Valera" rowspan="2"Éamon de Valeradata-sort-value="O Kelly, Sean T" rowspan="2" Seán T. O'Kelly
Irelanddata-sort-value="1937.2"1937data-sort-value="Gov.01" scope="row"1st Government0
data-sort-value="10"10thdata-sort-value="1938"1938 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.02" scope="row"2nd Government0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail"data-sort-value="de Valera"Éamon de Valeradata-sort-value="O Kelly, Sean T"Seán T. O'Kelly
data-sort-value="11"11thdata-sort-value="1943"1943 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.03" scope="row"3rd Government0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail minority"data-sort-value="de Valera"Éamon de Valeradata-sort-value="O Kelly, Sean T"Seán T. O'Kelly
data-sort-value="12"12thdata-sort-value="1944"1944 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.04" scope="row"4th Government0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail"data-sort-value="de Valera"Éamon de Valeradata-sort-value="O Kelly, Sean T"Seán T. O'Kelly
data-sort-value="13"13thdata-sort-value="1948"1948 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.05" scope="row"5th Government0data-sort-value="Fine Gael Labour Clann na Poblachta"data-sort-value="Costello, John A"John A. Costellodata-sort-value="Norton, William"William Norton
data-sort-value="14"14thdata-sort-value="1951"1951 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.06" scope="row"6th Government0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail minority"data-sort-value="de Valera"Éamon de Valeradata-sort-value="Lemass, Sean"Seán Lemass
data-sort-value="15"15thdata-sort-value="1954"1954 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.07" scope="row"7th Government0data-sort-value="Fine Gael Labour Clann na Talmhan"data-sort-value="Costello, John A"John A. Costellodata-sort-value="Norton, William"William Norton
data-sort-value="16" rowspan="2" 16thdata-sort-value="1957"1957 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.08" scope="row"8th Government0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail" rowspan="2" data-sort-value="de Valera"Éamon de Valeradata-sort-value="Lemass, Sean"Seán Lemass
1959data-sort-value="Gov.09" scope="row"9th Government0data-sort-value="Lemass, Sean"Seán Lemassdata-sort-value="MacEntee, Sean"Seán MacEntee
data-sort-value="17"17thdata-sort-value="1961"1961 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.10" scope="row"10th Government0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail minority"data-sort-value="Lemass, Sean"Seán Lemassdata-sort-value="MacEntee, Sean"Seán MacEntee
data-sort-value="18" rowspan="2" 18thdata-sort-value="1965"1965 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.11" scope="row"11th Government0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail" rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Lemass, Sean"Seán Lemassdata-sort-value="Aiken, Frank" rowspan="2" Frank Aiken
1966data-sort-value="Gov.12" scope="row"12th Government0data-sort-value="Lynch, Jack"Jack Lynch
data-sort-value="19"19thdata-sort-value="1969"1969 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.13" scope="row"13th Government0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail"data-sort-value="Lynch, Jack"Jack Lynchdata-sort-value="Childers, Erskine" Erskine H. Childers
data-sort-value="20"20thdata-sort-value="1973"1973 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.14" scope="row"14th Government0data-sort-value="Fine Gael Labour"data-sort-value="Cosgrave, Liam"Liam Cosgravedata-sort-value="Corish, Brendan" Brendan Corish
data-sort-value="21.1" rowspan="2" 21stdata-sort-value="1977" 1977 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.15" scope="row"15th Government0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail" rowspan="2"data-sort-value="Lynch, Jack"Jack Lynchdata-sort-value="Colley, George" rowspan="2" George Colley
1979data-sort-value="Gov.16" scope="row"16th Government1data-sort-value="Haughey, Charles"Charles Haughey
data-sort-value="22"22nddata-sort-value="1981"1981 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.17" scope="row"17th Government0data-sort-value="Fine Gael Labour"data-sort-value="FitzGerald, Garret"Garret FitzGeralddata-sort-value="O Leary, Michael"Michael O'Leary
data-sort-value="23"23rddata-sort-value="1982.1"1982 (Feb) electiondata-sort-value="Gov.18" scope="row"18th Government0data-sort-value="Fianna Fail minority"data-sort-value="Haughey, Charles"Charles Haugheydata-sort-value="MacSharry, Ray"Ray MacSharry
data-sort-value="24" rowspan="2" 24thdata-sort-value="1982.2" rowspan="2"1982 (Nov) electiondata-sort-value="Gov.19" rowspan="2" scope="row"19th Government1data-sort-value="Fine Gael Labour" rowspan="2"
data-sort-value="FitzGerald, Garret" rowspan="2" Garret FitzGeralddata-sort-value="Spring, Dick"Dick Spring
data-sort-value="Barry, Peter"Peter Barry
data-sort-value="25"25thdata-sort-value="1987"1987 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.20" scope="row"20th Government1data-sort-value="Fianna Fail minority"data-sort-value="Haughey, Charles"Charles Haugheydata-sort-value="Lenihan, Brian"Brian Lenihan
data-sort-value="26" rowspan="3" 26thdata-sort-value="1989" rowspan="2"1989 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.21" rowspan="2" scope="row"21st Government1data-sort-value="Fianna Fail PD" rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Haughey, Charles" rowspan="2"Charles Haugheydata-sort-value="Lenihan, Brian"Brian Lenihan
data-sort-value="Wilson, John"John Wilson
data-sort-value="1992"1992data-sort-value="Gov.22" scope="row"22nd Government1data-sort-value="Reynolds, Albert"Albert Reynoldsdata-sort-value="Wilson, John"John Wilson
data-sort-value="27" rowspan="3" 27thdata-sort-value="1992" rowspan="2" 1992 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.23" rowspan="2" scope="row"23rd Government2data-sort-value="Fianna Fail Labour" rowspan="2"
data-sort-value="Reynolds, Albert" rowspan="2"Albert Reynoldsdata-sort-value="Spring, Dick"Dick Spring
1data-sort-value="Ahern, Bertie"Bertie Ahern
data-sort-value="1994"1994data-sort-value="Gov.24" scope="row"24th Government2data-sort-value="Fine Gael Labour DL"data-sort-value="Bruton, John"John Brutondata-sort-value="Spring, Dick"Dick Spring
data-sort-value="28"28thdata-sort-value="1997"1997 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.25" scope="row"25th Government3data-sort-value="Fianna Fail PD" (minority)data-sort-value="Ahern, Bertie"Bertie Aherndata-sort-value="Harney, Mary"Mary Harney
data-sort-value="29" rowspan="2"29thdata-sort-value="2002"2002 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.26" rowspan="2" scope="row"26th Government2data-sort-value="Fianna Fail PD" rowspan="2"data-sort-value="Ahern, Bertie" rowspan="2"Bertie Aherndata-sort-value="Harney, Mary" rowspan="2"Mary Harney
data-sort-value="2004"20044
data-sort-value="30" rowspan="2" 30thdata-sort-value="2007"2007 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.27" scope="row"27th Government3data-sort-value="Fianna Fail Green"data-sort-value="Ahern, Bertie"Bertie Aherndata-sort-value="Cowen, Brian"Brian Cowen
data-sort-value="2008"2008data-sort-value="Gov.28" scope="row"28th Governmentdata-sort-value="Fianna Fail Green"

data-sort-value="Cowen, Brian"Brian Cowendata-sort-value="Coughlan, Mary"Mary Coughlan
data-sort-value="31" rowspan="2" 31stdata-sort-value="2011" rowspan="1" 2011 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.29" rowspan="2" scope="row"29th Government2data-sort-value="Fine Gael Labour" rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Kenny, Enda" rowspan="2" Enda Kennydata-sort-value="Gilmore, Eamon"Eamon Gilmore
data-sort-value="2014"20144data-sort-value="Burton, Joan"Joan Burton
data-sort-value="32.1" rowspan="3" 32nddata-sort-value="2016"2016 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.30" scope="row"30th Government4data-sort-value="Fine Gael Independent"data-sort-value="Kenny, Enda"Enda Kennydata-sort-value="Fitzgerald, Frances" rowspan="2"Frances Fitzgerald
data-sort-value="2017.06"2017 (June)31st Government4Leo Varadkar
2017 (November)data-sort-value="Coveney, Simon"Simon Coveney
data-sort-value="32" rowspan=333rddata-sort-value="2020" rowspan=32020 electiondata-sort-value="Gov.32" scope="row"32nd Government4data-sort-value="Fine Gael Labour" rowspan=3data-sort-value="Martin, Micheal"Micheál Martindata-sort-value="Varadkar, Leo"Leo Varadkar
data-sort-value="Gov.33" scope="row"33rd Governmentdata-sort-value="Varadkar, Leo"Leo Varadkardata-sort-value="Martin, Micheal" rowspan=2Micheál Martin
data-sort-value="Gov.34" scope="row"34th Governmentdata-sort-value="Harris, Simon"Simon Harris

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Madigan . Josepha . 21 May 2018 . Great to spend some time on my birthday with these two wonderful authors . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210923001322/https://twitter.com/josephamadigan/status/998620846372671488 . 23 September 2021 . 9 February 2020.
  2. Web site: Profile: Rise from councillor to Cabinet in two years . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190728121052/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/profile-rise-from-councillor-to-cabinet-in-two-years-38350551.html . 28 July 2019 . 28 July 2019 . independent. 27 July 2019 .