List of extremely severe cyclonic storms explained

Behind super cyclonic storms, extremely severe cyclonic storms are the second-highest classification on the India Meteorological Department (IMD)'s intensity scale. There have been 32 of them since reliable records began in 1960. The most recent extremely severe cyclonic storm was Cyclone Biparjoy of the 2023 North Indian Ocean cyclone season.

Background

The North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin is located to the north of the Equator, and encompasses the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula.[1] The basin is officially monitored by the India Meteorological Department's Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in New Delhi.[1] Within the basin, an extremely severe cyclonic storm is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds between NaNkn.[1]

Systems

NameDates as a
tropical cyclone		Sustained
wind speeds		PressureAreas affectedDeathsDamage
(USD)		Refs
May 18 – 29, 1963 105kn 947hPa No land areas0None[2] [3]
110kn 961hPa [4]
105kn 964hPa [5]
Unnamed 90kn 975hPa Andrah Pradesh [6]
100kn 966hPa India, Bangladesh 300000[7]
100kn 967hPa [8]
110kn 957hPa [9]
100kn 963hPa
100kn 967hPa [10]
90kn 964hPa [11]
90kn 974hPa
110kn 940hPa [12]
110kn 936hPa [13]
115kn Myanmar 5 Moderate
90kn 952hPa
90kn 962hPa India 341 Unknown
90kn
115kn India ≥430Moderate [14]
115kn 973hPa India, Somalia 0 Unknown
110kn
115kn 955hPa Bangladesh, India
November 15 – 22, 1992 100kn 952hPa Bangladesh, Myanmar2Unknown[15] [16] [17]
December 1 – 4, 1993 90kn 968hPa India 70 [18] [19]
April 26 – May 2, 1994 115kn 940hPa Bangladesh, Myanmar 350 [20] [21] [22]
November 21 – 25, 1995 102kn 956hPa Sumatra, Myanmar, Bangladesh172Unknown[23] [24] [25]
May 14 – 20, 1997 90kn 964hPa Bangladesh 1,146–1296 Significant[26] [27]
June 13 – 15, 1998 90kn 958hPa India4,000–10,000[28] [29] [30]
May 16 – 22, 1999 105kn 946hPa Pakistan 700 [31]
October 15 – 19, 1999 90kn 968hPa India >80 Unknown [32]
November 26 – 30, 2000 102kn 958hPa West India, Somalia 12 > [33] [34]
December 23 – 28, 2000 90kn 970hPa Sri Lanka, India 9 Minimal [35] [36]
May 21 – 28, 2001 115kn 932hPa Western India, Myanmar, Andaman Islands 900 Minimal [37]
May 16 – 19, 2004 90kn 952hPa Myanmar 236 [38] [39] [40]
April 24 – 30, 2006 100kn 954hPa Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand 37 [41] [42]
SidrNovember 11 – 16, 2007 115kn 944hPa Bangladesh, West Bengal, Northeast India15,000[43] [44]
April 27 – May 3, 2008 90kn 962hPa Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Yunnan [45] [46]
GiriOctober 20 – 23, 2010 105kn 950hPa Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Yunnan 157
PhailinOctober 8 – 14, 2013 115kn 940hPa Malay Peninsula, Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, India, Myanmar, Nepal 45
October 7 – 14, 2014 100kn 950hPa Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, India, Nepal
110kn 950hPa India, Pakistan 0 Minor
115kn 940hPa Oman, Somalia, Yemen 9
Megh95kn 964hPa Oman, Somalia, Yemen 18 Unknown
95kn 960hPa Yemen, Oman, Saudi Arabia [47]
April 30 – May 3, 2019 115kn 932hPa Sumatra, Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Bhutan [48]

Notes and References

  1. RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee . World Meteorological Organization . Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea 2019. May 8, 2020.
  2. David Membery. Monsoon tropical cyclones: Part 2. Weather. 57. 7. July 2002. 10.1256/004316502760195911. 246–255. 2002Wthr...57..246M. free.
  3. India Weather Review. India Meteorological Department. 1963. May 13, 2013. Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea. 2–5.
  4. [ftp://ftp.library.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED278.pdf India Weather Review Annual Summary — Part-C: Storms and Depressions 1966]. India Meteorological Department. 1967. May 26, 2020.
  5. [ftp://ftp.library.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED27E.pdf India Weather Review Annual Summary — Part-C: Storms and Depressions 1968]. India Meteorological Department. 1969. May 26, 2020.
  6. [ftp://ftp.library.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED280.pdf India Weather Review Annual Summary — Part-C: Storms and Depressions 1969]. India Meteorological Department. 1970. May 26, 2020.
  7. India Weather Review Annual Summary — Part-C: Storms and Depressions 1970. India Meteorological Department. 1971. May 26, 2020.
  8. Das, P K. George, C A. Jambunathan, R. Cyclones and Depressions of 1971 - Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. Mausam. 1972 . 23. 4. 453–466. 10.54302/mausam.v23i4.5305 . 247037040 .
  9. Das, P K. George, C A. Jambunathan, R. Cyclones and Depressions of 1972 - Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. Mausam. 1973 . 24. 4. 327–344. 10.54302/mausam.v24i4.5165 . 247045331 .
  10. Alexander, George. George, C A. Jambunathan, R. Cyclones and Depressions of 1975 - Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. Mausam. 1977 . 28. 1. 3–20. 10.54302/mausam.v28i1.2655 . 246968196 .
  11. Pant, P S. Ramakrishnan, A R. Jamdunathan, R. Cyclones and Depressions over the Indian Seas in 1977 . Mausam. 1980 . 31. 3. 337–356. 10.54302/mausam.v31i3.3533 . 246784388 .
  12. Srinivasan, V. Ramakrishnan, A R. Jamdunathan, R. Cyclones and Depressions over the Indian Seas in 1978 . Mausam. 31. 4. 495–506. 10.54302/mausam.v31i4.3444 . 246781079 .
  13. Mukherjee, A K. Ramakrishnan, A R. Jamdunathan, R. Cyclones and Depressions over the Indian Seas in 1979 . Mausam. 1981 . 32. 2. 115–126. 10.54302/mausam.v32i2.3398 . 246848511 .
  14. United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 135, 145. 1984 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report. December 6, 2018.
  15. Gregory Salvato. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United states Navy. 1993. May 25, 2014. Annual Tropical Cyclone Report. Typhoon Forrest (30W). http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1992atcr.pdf. 141–144.
  16. News: Sabir Mustafa. United Press International. November 20, 1992. Huge cyclone threatens Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  17. News: Farid Hossain. Associated Press. November 21, 1992. Cyclone Weakens as it Hits Bangladesh, No Casualties or Damage. Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  18. News: United Press International. Sam Rajappa. December 5, 1993. February 20, 2017. Officials say Indian typhoon killed 70, wrecked 44,000 homes.
  19. News: Indian Express. December 6, 1993. February 20, 2017. Heavy damage to samba patty in Thanjavur, Nagapattinam. Annex II.
  20. India Meteorological Department . Report on Cyclonic Disturbances (Depressions and Tropical Cyclones) over North Indian Ocean in 1994 . February 24, 2015 . 22–25 . 2. Detailed description of cyclonic disturbances: 2.1 Pre-monsoon season (March–May) . February 23, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150224004829/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/archive/rsmc/1994.pdf . January 1995 . dead .
  21. 1994 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report. 3.2 North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones . United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. January 19, 2015. February 21, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130221092023/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1994atcr.pdf. dead.
  22. Bangladesh - Cyclone May 1994 UN DHA Information Reports 1-4. ReliefWeb. May 20, 2019. May 1994. United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs.
  23. 2. Darwin Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre. Bureau of Meteorology. 14. 11. November 1995. Darwin Tropical Diagnostic Statement. 2015-12-04.
  24. 1995-11-25. United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs. ReliefWeb. Bangladesh - Cyclone Information Report No.3. 2015-12-04.
  25. Human Rights Watch. September 1996. 8. 8. The Rohingya Muslims: Ending a Cycle of Exodus?. Burma Library. 2015-12-04.
  26. Web site: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . World Meteorological Organization . 1998 . April 15, 2009 . Tropical Cyclone 01B Preliminary Report . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110607045123/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1997atcr/pdf/nio/01b.pdf . June 7, 2011 .
  27. Web site: Bangladesh: Cyclone [ACT: 21-May-97] ]. 2009-03-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20050317044324/http://www.cidi.org/disaster/97a/0050.html . 2005-03-17 . dead .
  28. Web site: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. World Meteorological Organization. 1999. February 9, 2009. Tropical Cyclone 03A Preliminary Report. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110607044854/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1998atcr/pdf/03a.pdf. June 7, 2011.
  29. Web site: Gary Padgett. Typhoon 2000. July 14, 1998. February 9, 2009. Monthly Tropical Cyclone Summary for June 1998.
  30. Web site: 1998 Natural Catastrophes: Top 10. Staff Writer. December 29, 1998. Munich Re. https://web.archive.org/web/20080210160122/http://www.munichre.com/en/press/press_releases/1998/1998_12_29_press_release.aspx. February 10, 2008. dead. December 8, 2015.
  31. 1999 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report . 2020-05-02 . 2016-12-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161224234637/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr.pdf . dead .
  32. Web site: Staff Writer. The Birmingham Post. October 20, 1999. July 30, 2009. Cyclone kills 79.
  33. Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2000. India Meteorological Department. February 2001. 2015-05-22.
  34. Web site: Gary Padgett. 2000. 2015-05-22. Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for November 2000.
  35. Web site: Gary Padgett. 2001. 2015-05-24. Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for December 2000.
  36. Web site: Vijitha Silva. 2001. Cyclone wreaks havoc across northern Sri Lanka. World Socialist Web Site. January 4, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20061215083625/http://www.wsws.org/articles/2001/jan2001/sri-j04.shtml. 15 December 2006 . live.
  37. Web site: Gary Padgett. Typhoon2000. 2001-07-01. 2015-05-16. Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for May 2001.
  38. Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2004. India Meteorological Department. January 2005. 2015-05-24.
  39. Web site: Gary Padgett. 2000. 2015-05-24. Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for May 2004.
  40. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 2004-05-27. Myanmar: Storm OCHA Situation Report No. 1. ReliefWeb. 2015-05-25.
  41. India Meteorological Department. January 2007. May 19, 2014. Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2006. Very severe cyclonic storm "Mala" over the Bay of Bengal 25–29 April 2006. 22–26. http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%20-2006.pdf. https://web.archive.org/web/20130412041004/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%20-2006.pdf. 12 April 2013. dead. dmy-all.
  42. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. ReliefWeb. February 15, 2007. May 6, 2014. Myanmar: Cyclone Mala Final Report for DREF Bulletin no. MDRMM01.
  43. Web site: Tropical Storm "SIDR" Advisory No. Four . . 2007-11-12 . 2007-11-12 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071116133724/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm . November 16, 2007 . mdy .
  44. Web site: Tropical Storm "SIDR" Advisory No. Seven . India Meteorological Department via Webcitation.org . 2007-11-13 . 2007-11-12 . dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20071116133724/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm . November 16, 2007. mdy .
  45. Web site: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 2009. May 19, 2013. Cyclone 01B (Nargis) Best Track.
  46. Web site: India Meteorological Department . 2009 . May 19, 2013 . Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2008: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm "NARGIS" over Bay of Bengal during 27 April to 3 May 2008 . 24–33 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130412041050/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf . April 12, 2013 .
  47. Report on Cyclonic Disturbances (Depressions and Tropical Cyclones) over North Indian Ocean in 2018. 56–79. July 2019. India Meteorological Department . May 17, 2020 .
  48. http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/preliminary-report/fani.pdf

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