List of exercises of the Indian Air Force explained

The Indian Air Force engages in multiple military exercises with foreign nations and their air forces to increase interoperability between themselves. Some are also multinational exercise. Some of the regular exercises were IAF participates include:

1. Exercise Garuda (India, France)
2. Cope India (India, USA)
3. SINDEX (India, Singapore)
4. Gaganshakti (only India)
5. Indradhanush (India, UK)
6. Exercise Red Flag (Multinational, Host: USA)
7. Exercise Desert Eagle (India, UAE)
8. Exercise Eastern Bridge (India, Oman)
9. Exercise Iron Fist (only India)
10. Red Flag – Alaska (Multinational, Host: USA)
11. Siam Bharat (India, Thailand)
12. Pralay Shayam (Disaster response exercise)
13. Exercise INDRA – trilateral (India, Russia)
14. Exercise Blue Flag (Multinational, Host: Israel)
15. Exercise DANX (only India)
16. Exercise Pitch Black (Multinational, Host: Australia)
17. Shinyuu Maitri (India, Japan)
18. Vayushakti (only India)
19. Exercise Desert Knight (India, France, UAE)
20. Exercise Desert Warrior (India, Egypt)
21. Exercise Cobra Warrior (Multinational, Host: United Kingdom)
22. Exercise Udara Shakti (India, Malaysia)
23. Bharat Shakti (Tri-service)
24. Exercise Tarang Shakti (Multinational, Host: India)

List

The following is a list of exercises of the Indian Air Force.

Name	Participating Country	Units	Date	Location	References
1963
Exercise Shiksha	Australia, India, United Kingdom, United States			Palam AFS, India	^[1]
2003
Garuda I	France			Maharajpur AFS, India
2004
Cope India	United States	Sukhoi Su-30 MKI Dassault Mirage 2000 Mikoyan MiG-27 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21	16 - 27 February	Gwalior AFS, India	^[2] ^[3]
Sindex I	Singapore			Gwalior AFS, India
2005
Garuda II	France			Istres Air Base, France	^[4]
2006
Sindex II	Singapore	Mikoyan MiG-27	3 - 20 January	Kalaikunda AFS, India	^[5]
Gagan Shakti	-		4 - 27 September	Western Air Command South Western Air Command	^[6]
Indradhanush I	United Kingdom		2 - 13 October	Gwalior AFS, India
Sindex III	Singapore	Mikoyan MiG-27	8 November	Kalaikunda AFS, India	^[7]
Sindex IV	Singapore		8 - 22 December	Paya Lebar Air Base, Singapore
2007
Garuda III	France	Sukhoi Su-30 MKI Dassault Mirage 2000 Mikoyan MiG-27	13 - 25 February	Kalaikunda AFS, India	^[8]
Indradhanush II	United Kingdom	Sukhoi Su-30 MKI 1 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI		RAF Waddington, United Kingdom	^[9]
Sindex V	Singapore	Mikoyan MiG-27, No. 18 Squadron	26 November - 13 December	Kalaikunda AFS, India	^[10] ^[11]
2008
Red Flag	United States France South Korea	8 Sukhoi Su-30 MKI 2 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI 2 Ilyushin Il-76 247 Garud Commandos	9 - 23 August	Nellis AFB, United States	^[12] ^[13] ^[14] ^[15]
Exercise Desert Eagle I	UAE		September	Al-Dhafra airbase, UAE	^[16]
2009
Cope India	United States	Ilyushin Il-76 Antonov An-32 Mil Mi-17 Garud Commandos	19 - 23 October	Agra AFS, India	^[17] ^[18]
Eastern Bridge I	Oman	6 SEPECAT Jaguar 1 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI 1 Ilyushin Il-76	31 October	Jamnagar AFS, India	^[19]
2010
Garuda IV	France Singapore	6 Sukhoi Su-30 MKI 3 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI 1 Ilyushin Il-76	14 - 25 June	Istres Air Base, France	^[20]
Indradhanush III	United Kingdom	Sukhoi Su-30 MKI Dassault Mirage 2000 Mikoyan MiG-27 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI Beriev A-50	18 October - 3 November	Kalaikunda AFS, West Bengal	^[21]
2011
Eastern Bridge II	Oman	SEPECAT Jaguar (6 Squadron) Mikoyan MiG-29 (28 Squadron)	22 October	Jamnagar AFS, India	^[22] ^[23]
2013
Iron Fist	-	Sukhoi Su-30 MKI SEPECAT Jaguar Mikoyan MiG-29 HAL Tejas Mikoyan MiG-27 Dassault Mirage 2000 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules Antonov An-32 Ilyushin Il-76 Beriev A-50 Mil Mi-8 Mil Mi-17 Mil Mi-35	February 2013	Pokhran, India	^[24] ^[25] ^[26]
2014
Garuda V	France	4 Sukhoi Su-30 MKI 4 Mikoyan MiG-27 4 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 1 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI 1 Beriev A-50	2 - 13 June	Jodhpur AFS, India	^[27] ^[28] ^[29]
2015
Indradhanush IV	United Kingdom	4 Sukhoi Su-30 MKI, No. 2 Squadron 1 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI 1 Boeing C-17 Globemaster III	30 July	RAF Coningsby and RAF Brize Norton, United Kingdom	^[30]
2016
Iron Fist	-	Sukhoi Su-30 MKI HAL Tejas Suryakiran Aerobatic Team Garud Commando Force	18 March	Pokhran, India	^[31] ^[32]
Red Flag – Alaska 16-1	United States	4 Sukhoi Su-30 MKI 4 SEPECAT Jaguar 2 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI 1 Boeing C-17 Globemaster III	28 April - May 13	Eielson AFB, United States	^[33] ^[34] ^[35]
Desert Eagle II	UAE	4 Sukhoi Su-30 MKI	May 24 - June 3	Al-Dhafra airbase, UAE	^[36] ^[37]
Siam Bharat I	Thailand				^[38]
2017
Eastern Bridge IV	Oman	Sukhoi Su-30 MKI Mikoyan Mig-29 SEPECAT Jaguar Mikoyan MiG-27	16 - 20 January	Jamnagar AFS, India	^[39] ^[40] ^[41]
Siam Bharat II	Thailand		22 - 26 May	Chiang Mai, Thailand	^[42] ^[43] ^[44]
	Sri Lanka	Air warrior drill team	9 - 14 July	Colombo, Sri Lanka	^[45] ^[46] ^[47]
Pralay Shayam (Disaster response exercise)	-	Mil Mi-17 HAL Dhruv HAL Chetak	23 September	Hyderabad, India	^[48]
Indra (tri-service)	Russia	2 Ilyushin Il-76	19 - 29 October	Sergeyvsky Training Ranges, Russia	^[49]
Blue Flag	Israel United States Greece Poland France Germany Italy	1 Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules 45 Garud Commandos	2 - 6 November	Uvda Air Force Base, Israel	^[50] ^[51] ^[52] ^[53]
DANX (Defence of Andaman & Nicobar Exercise)	—	SEPECAT Jaguar Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules	20 - 24 November	Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India	^[54]
2018
Gaganshakti	—	Sukhoi Su-30 MKI Mikoyan Mig-29 SEPECAT Jaguar HAL Tejas Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Mikoyan MiG-27 Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules Ilyushin IL-78 MKI	8 - 22 April	India	^[55] ^[56] ^[57]
Pitch Black	Australia United States Netherlands France Germany Canada Indonesia New Zealand Singapore Thailand Malaysia	4 Sukhoi Su-30 MKI 1 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI 1 Boeing C-17 Globemaster III 1 Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules 145 Garud Commandos	27 July - 18 August	Darwin Air Force Base, Australia	^[58] ^[59] ^[60]
Bi-lateral exercise	Indonesia		20 - 22 August	Subang Air Base, Malaysia	^[61]
Aviaindra	Russia	Sukhoi Su-30 MKI Mikoyan Mig-29 Mil Mi-8	17 - 28 September	Lipetsk, Russia	^[62] ^[63]
			10 - 22 December	Jodhpur, India
Cope India	United States		3 - 14 December	Kalaikunda and Panagarh Air Force Stations, India	^[64]
Shinyuu Maitri - Bi-Lateral Exercise	Japan	C-17 Globemaster Antonov An-32	03-7 December	AFS Agra	^[65]
2019
Vayushakti 19	—		16 February	Pokhran, India	^[66] ^[67]
Garud VI	France	Sukhoi Su-30 MKI Dassault Rafale Ilyushin IL-78 C-17 Globemaster	1 - 12 July	Mont-de-Marsan, France	^[68]
2021
Exercise Desert Knight 21	India & France	India- Su-30 MKI, Mirage 2000, Beriev A-50, C-130-J and Il-78MKI France- Rafale, A330 MRTT, A400M	23 January	Jodhpur AFS, India	^[69]
Desert Warrior- Joint Tactical Air Exercise	Egypt		30-31 October	El Berigat Air Base, Egypt	^[70]
2022
Pitch Black	Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States	4 Sukhoi Su-30 MKI 1 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI 1 Boeing C-17 Globemaster III	27 July - 18 August	Darwin Air Force Base, Australia	^[71]
Garuda VII	France	Sukhoi Su-30 MKI Dassault Rafale HAL Tejas SEPECAT Jaguar HAL Prachand Mil Mi-17 1 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI other unspecified AEW&C	26 October to 12 November	Jodhpur AFS, India	^[72] ^[73]
2023
Exercise Cobra Warrior 23-1	United Kingdom, Belgium, Finland, India, Saudi Arabia, United States	145 personnel 5 Dassault Mirage 2000 1 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI 2 Boeing C-17 Globemaster III	6 March to 24 March	RAF Waddington RAF Coningsby	^[74] ^[75]
2024
Exercise Desert Knight 24	India, France, United Arab Emirates	India- Su-30 MKI, MiG-29, Jaguar, Beriev A-50, C-130-J and Il-78MKI France- Rafale, A330 MRTT UAE- F-16	23 January	Arabian Sea, Indian FIS	^[76] ^[77]
Vayushakti 24	—	>121 aircraft Fighter jets – Tejas, Rafale, Mirage 2000, MiG-29, Su-30 MKI, Jaguar, Hawk Transport aircraft – C-130J Helicopter – Prachand, Dhruv, Chinook, Apache, Mi-17 Surface to Air Missiles – Akash, SAMAR	17 February	Pokhran, India	^[78]
Bharat Shakti (Tri-service)	—	HAL Tejas HAL Dhruv HAL Rudra HAL Prachand	12 March	Pokhran, India	^[79] ^[80] ^[81] ^[82]
Gaganshakti	—	All units of IAF	1 - 10 April	India	^[83] ^[84] ^[85]
Red Flag – Alaska 24-2	Germany, India, Netherlands, Singapore, United Kingdom United States	8 Dassault Rafale 1 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI 1 Boeing C-17 Globemaster III	4 - 14 June	Eielson Air Force Base, United States	^[86] ^[87]
Pitch Black	Australia, Canada, France, India, Indonesia, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, United Kingdom United States Brunei, Fiji, Italy, Spain, Papua New Guinea Philippines	4 Sukhoi Su-30 MKI 1 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI 1 Boeing C-17 Globemaster III	27 July - 18 August	Darwin Air Force Base, Australia	^[88]
Exercise Udara Shakti	Malaysia	4 Sukhoi Su-30 MKI 1 Ilyushin IL-78 MKI 1 Boeing C-17 Globemaster III	5 - 9 August	Kuantan, Malaysia	^[89] ^[90]
Exercise Tarang Shakti	Phase I India, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom. Phase II India, Australia Bangladesh, Greek, Singapore, United Arab Emirates United States		Phase I– 6 - 14 August Phase II– 29 August to 14 September	Sulur AFS Jodhpur AFS	^[91] ^[92]

See also

• List of exercises of the Indian Army
• Exercise TROPEX

Notes and References

1. Web site: Exercise Shiksha . 2024-08-03 . Bharat Rakshak . en-US.
2. Web site: Exercise Cope India 04. indianairforce.nic.in. 2017-11-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20090619073549/http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_page.php?pg_id=144. 2009-06-19. dead.
3. News: Cope India: when India's Russian jets achieved a surprising 9:1 kill ratio against U.S. F-15s. 2014-05-02. The Aviationist. 2017-11-02. en-US.
4. Web site: Exercise Garuda V – Strengthening strategic partnership . 2024-08-03 . www.spsmai.com . en.
5. Web site: Press Information Bureau. 2017-11-02.
6. Web site: Press Information Bureau. 2017-11-02.
7. Web site: Press Information Bureau. 2017-11-02.
8. Web site: 2007-02-13 . Indo-French joint air exercise Garuda-III begins . 2024-08-03 . Press Information Bureau.
9. Web site: RAF - News by Date. here. RAF Details. www.raf.mod.uk. en. 2017-11-01.
10. Web site: Singapore and India in Bilateral Air Exercise - SINDEX 07. www.mindef.gov.sg. 2017-11-02.
11. Web site: EXERCISE SINDEX 2007. indianairforce.nic.in. 2017-11-02.
12. Web site: Press Information Bureau. 2017-11-01.
13. Web site: Press Information Bureau. 2017-11-01.
14. Web site: Press Information Bureau. 2017-11-01.
15. Web site: Exercises - Red Flag Aug 08. indianairforce.nic.in. 2017-11-02.
16. News: India holds air combat exercise with UAE - Times of India. The Times of India. 2017-11-01.
17. Web site: Indo-US Exercise - Cope India 2009 - SP's Aviation. www.sps-aviation.com. en. 2017-11-02.
18. Web site: EXERCISE COPE INDIA 09. indianairforce.nic.in. 2017-11-02.
19. News: India, Oman conduct first joint air exercise. Dikshit. Sandeep. 2009-10-31. The Hindu. 2017-11-01. en-IN. 0971-751X.
20. Web site: 2010-07-14 . Exercise 'GARUDA' begins . 2024-08-03 . Press Information Bureau.
21. Web site: Press Information Bureau . 2017-11-02.
22. News: Second India-Oman joint air exercises end. 2011-10-22. The Hindu. 2017-11-01. en-IN. 0971-751X.
23. Web site: Indian Air Force exercises . 2024-08-03 . indianairforce.nic.in.
24. Web site: Iron Fist 2013: IAF displays precision fire power capabilities in Pokhran range - Photo1 India Today . indiatoday.intoday.in. 23 February 2013 . 2017-11-02.
25. Web site: PICS: IAFs supremacy at IRON FIST along Pak border - Rediff.com News. www.rediff.com. 2017-11-02.
26. News: Indian Air Force displays prowess at Pokhran air show. NDTV.com. 2017-11-02.
27. Web site: Exercise Garuda V – Strengthening strategic partnership . 2024-08-03 . www.spsmai.com . en.
28. Web site: Indo-French Air Exercise "Garuda V". La France en Inde / France in India. en. 2017-11-01.
29. Web site: Air Exercise Between Indian Air Force and French Air Force (Exercise Garuda V) Commences at Jodhpur . dead . 2017-11-01 . pib.nic.in.
30. Web site: Exercise Indradhanush: Flankers And Typhoons Battle In British Skies. aviationweek.com. en. 2017-11-01.
31. News: Indian Air Force to showcase combat capability at Iron Fist-2016. 2016-03-10. The Economic Times. 2017-11-02.
32. News: Iron Fist 2016: IAF showcases combat capabilities in Pokhran Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis. 2016-03-18. dna. 2017-11-02. en-US.
33. News: India and U.S. fly 'Red Flag' high. 2016-05-15. The Hindu. 2017-11-01. en-IN. 0971-751X.
34. Web site: Press Information Bureau. 2017-11-01.
35. Web site: Press Information Bureau. 2017-11-01.
36. Web site: IAF Participation in Ex Desert Eagle – II at UAE. pib.nic.in. 2017-11-01.
37. Web site: Exercise Desert Eagle-II Concludes Today. pib.nic.in. 2017-11-01.
38. Web site: 2018-07-18 . Joint Military Exercises . 2024-08-03 . Press Information Bureau.
39. News: Indian Air Force and Royal Air Force of Oman to hold joint exercise - Times of India. The Times of India. 2017-11-01.
40. Web site: Indian AIR Force and Royal AIR Force of OMAN Chiefs review exercise eastern BRIDGE-IV at Jamnagar. pib.nic.in. 2017-11-01.
41. Web site: Arabian Aerospace - Oman continues to build bridges with India. www.arabianaerospace.aero. 2017-11-02.
42. Web site: Press Information Bureau. 2017-11-01.
43. News: IAF participates in joint exercise with Thai air force. Press Trust of India. 2017-05-26. Business Standard India. 2017-11-02.
44. News: IAF participates in joint exercise with Thai air force Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis. 2017-05-26. dna. 2017-11-02. en-US.
45. Web site: Press Information Bureau. 2017-11-01.
46. News: IAF conducts five-day exercise with Lankan air force. www.outlookindia.com. 2017-11-02.
47. Web site: Indian Air Force conducts exercises with Sri Lankan troops in Amparai Tamil Guardian. www.tamilguardian.com. en. 2017-11-02.
48. Web site: 2017-09-23 . Multi-Agency Exercise 'Pralay Sahayam' Held . 2024-08-03 . Press Information Bureau.
49. Web site: 2017-11-01 . Joint Indo-Russia Tri-Services Exercise Indra-2017 successfully conducted . 2024-08-02 . Press Information Bureau.
50. Web site: Press Information Bureau. 2017-11-01.
51. News: India Air Force heads to Israel to begin military air exercises. The Jerusalem Post JPost.com. 2017-11-02.
52. News: IAF to participate in multilateral air exercise in Israel. 2017-10-31. The Economic Times. 2017-11-02.
53. News: Israeli Air Force to host 7 nations in its largest-ever air drill. Opall-Rome. Barbara. 2017-08-08. Defense News. 2017-11-02. en-US.
54. News: 2017-11-24 . As China becomes more aggressive, in a first Indian Military conducts exercise to Liberate Andaman . 2017-11-27 . India Today.
55. News: IAF kicks off its biggest combat drill Gagan Shakti in Jaisalmer - Times of India. The Times of India. 2018-04-12.
56. Web site: Indian Air Force shows its might at war exercise 'Gagan Shakti' - Show of strength. The Economic Times. 2018-04-16.
57. News: Air Force Sukhoi Fighter Jet Refuel Mid-Air In Big Wargames Exercise. NDTV.com. 2018-04-16.
58. Web site: Indian Air Force Participates for the First Time in Exercise Pitch Black – 18 with Royal Australian Air Force. pib.nic.in. 2018-08-01.
59. News: India's Air Force to Participate in Australia's 'Pitch Black' Air Combat Exercise. Diplomat. Franz-Stefan Gady, The. The Diplomat. 2018-08-01. en-US.
60. Web site: Conclusion: Exercise Pitch Black 2018, RAAF Base Darwin, Australia (24 Jul 18 – 18 Aug 18). pib.nic.in. 2018-08-23.
61. Web site: IAF Contingent Returns to India on Completion of Ex Pitch Black 2018. pib.nic.in. 2018-08-23.
62. Web site: Exercise Aviaindra-18 Commences at Lipetsk (Russia). pib.nic.in. 2018-10-02.
63. Web site: Exercise Aviaindra-18. pib.nic.in. 2018-10-02.
64. News: Air forces of the US and India to hold joint exercise 'Cope India 2019'. 2018-11-29. The Economic Times. 2018-11-30.
65. Web site: 2018-12-08 . EX SHINYUU Maitri-2018 With JASDF Commences . 2024-08-02 . Press Information Bureau.
66. Web site: 2024-02-02 . EXERCISE VAYUSHAKTI-2024 . 2024-08-03 . Press Information Bureau.
67. Web site: 2024-02-18 . Exercise Vayu Shakti-24: IAF showcases its offensive capabilities at Pokhran . 2024-08-03 . Hindustan Times.
68. Web site: 2019-07-19 . Culmination of Exercise Garuda-VI . 2024-08-03 . Press Information Bureau.
69. Web site: IAF and FASF Conclude Ex Desert Knight 2021 . 2024-08-03 . indianairforce.nic.in.
70. Web site: Nov 2, 2021 . Air forces of India and Egypt conduct two-day joint exercise India News - Times of India . 2022-12-09 . The Times of India . en . PTI.
71. Web site: 2022-09-13 . Exercise Pitch Black 2022 Concludes . 2024-08-02 . Press Information Bureau.
72. Web site: 2022-10-28 . EXERCISE GARUDA - VII AT AIR FORCE STATION JODHPUR . 2024-08-03 . Press Information Bureau.
73. Web site: Garuda VII . 2024-08-02 . Drishti IAS . en.
74. Web site: 2023-03-16 . Exercise COBRA WARRIOR . 2024-08-07 . raf.mod.uk.
75. Web site: 2023-02-26 . INDIAN AIR FORCE TO PARTICIPATE IN EXERCISE COBRA WARRIOR AT WADDINGTON IN UK . 2024-08-07 . Press Information Bureau.
76. News: 2024-01-24 . Indian Air Force (IAF) conducts 'Exercise Desert Knight' with France and UAE counterparts. Check visuals here . 2024-08-03 . The Economic Times . 0013-0389.
77. Web site: 2024-01-24 . PRESS RELEASE: EX- DESERT KNIGHT . 2024-08-03 . Press Information Bureau.
78. News: 2024-02-14 . Big "Supersonic" Bang: IAF's Exercise Vayu Shakti 2024 set to impress . 2024-08-03 . The Economic Times . 0013-0389.
79. News: Bureau . The Hindu . 2024-03-12 . Bharat Shakti exercise tests tri-service fire power, showcases indigenous defence equipment . 2024-08-03 . The Hindu . en-IN . 0971-751X.
80. Web site: Exercise Bharat Shakti . 2024-08-03 . Drishti IAS . en.
81. Web site: Deshpande . Smruti . 2024-03-14 . Here are all 'Made in India' weapons systems showcased during tri-service 'Bharat Shakti' exercise . 2024-08-03 . ThePrint . en-US.
82. News: 2024-03-09 . Tri-service exercise 'Bharat Shakti' to demonstrate prowess of indigenously manufactured equipment . 2024-08-03 . The Economic Times . 0013-0389.
83. Web site: Gagan Shakti-2024 . 2024-08-03 . Drishti IAS . en.
84. News: 2024-03-26 . Indian Army provides logistic support to Indian Air Force for upcoming Exercise Gagan Shakti . 2024-08-03 . The Economic Times . 0013-0389.
85. Web site: Arora . Sumit . 2024-04-02 . IAF's 10-day mega exercise 'Gagan Shakti' begins from April 1-10 . 2024-08-03 . adda247 . en-IN.
86. News: 2024-06-16 . IAF's Rafale aircraft participate in Red Flag exercise in Alaska . 2024-08-02 . The Economic Times . 0013-0389.
87. Web site: 2024-06-17 . Indian Air Force participates in Red Flag Alaska 24-2 . 2024-08-02 . Eielson Air Force Base . en-US.
88. Web site: 2024-07-11 . INDIAN AIR FORCE EX PITCH BLACK 2024 AT DARWIN, AUSTRALIA . 2024-08-02 . Press Information Bureau.
89. 1820661813203128669 . DDNewsLive . The Indian Air Force contingent arrived at Kuantan, Malaysia to participate in bilateral Air Exercise Udara Shakti- 2024 with the Royal Malaysian Air Force... . 2024-08-06 . 2024-08-07.
90. Web site: PTI . ThePrint . 2024-07-09 . IAF's Su-30 MKIs to be part of 20-nation mega 'Exercise Pitch Black' in Australia . 2024-07-11 . ThePrint . en-US.
91. Web site: 2024-07-31 . What is Tarang Shakti, the largest military exercise that India will host? . 2024-08-02 . Hindustan Times.
92. Web site: Ray . Kalyan . Exercise Tarang Shakti: India's Largest multinational air exercise to begin on August 6 . 2024-08-02 . Deccan Herald . en.