Timeline of Christianity explained

See also: Chronology of Jesus.

The purpose of this timeline is to give a detailed account of Christianity from the beginning of the current era (AD) to the present. Question marks ('?') on dates indicate approximate dates.

The year one is the first year in the Christian calendar (there is no year zero), which is the calendar presently used (in unison with the Gregorian calendar) almost everywhere in the world. Traditionally, this was held to be the year Jesus was born; however, most modern scholars argue for an earlier or later date, the most agreed upon being between 6 BC and 4 BC.

Jesus begins his ministry after his baptism by John and during the rule of Pilate, preaching: "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near" (4:12-17 9). While the historicity of the gospel accounts is questioned to some extent by some critical scholars and non-Christians, the traditional view states the following chronology for his ministry: Temptation, Sermon on the Mount, Appointment of the Twelve, Miracles, Temple Money Changers, Last Supper, Arrest, Trial, Passion, Crucifixion on Nisan 14th (John 19:14, Mark 14:2, Gospel of Peter) or Nisan 15th (Synoptic Gospels), entombment by Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, Resurrection by God and Resurrection appearances of Jesus to Mary Magdalene and other women (Mark 16:9, 20:10-18 9), Simon Peter (Luke 24:34), and others, (15:3-9 9), Great Commission, Ascension, Second Coming Prophecy to fulfill the rest of Messianic prophecy such as the Resurrection of the dead, the Last Judgment, and establishment of the Kingdom of God and the Messianic Age.

Apostolic Age

Shortly after the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ (Nisan 14 or 15), the Jerusalem church is founded as the first Christian church with about 120 Jews and Jewish Proselytes (Acts 1:15), followed by Pentecost (Sivan 6), the Ananias and Sapphira incident, Pharisee Gamaliel's defense of the Apostles (5:34-39), the stoning of Saint Stephen (see also Persecution of Christians) and the subsequent dispersion of the Apostles (7:54-8:8, also Mark 16:20) which leads to the baptism of Simon Magus in Samaria (8:9-24), and also an Ethiopian eunuch (8:26-40). Paul's "Road to Damascus" conversion to "Apostle to the Gentiles" is first recorded in 9:13-16, cf. Gal 1:11-24. Peter baptizes the Roman Centurion Cornelius, who is traditionally considered the first Gentile convert to Christianity (10). The Antioch church is founded, where the term Christian was first used (11:26).

Ante-Nicene period

See main article: Christianity in the ante-Nicene period.

First Seven Ecumenical Councils

See main article: First seven ecumenical councils. Constantine called the First Council of Nicaea in 325 to unify Christology, also called the first great Christian council by Jerome, the first ecumenical, decreed the Original Nicene Creed, but rejected by Nontrinitarians such as Arius, Theonas, Secundus of Ptolemais, Eusebius of Nicomedia, and Theognis of Nicaea who were excommunicated, also addressed Easter controversy and passed 20 Canon laws such as Canon VII which granted special recognition to Jerusalem.

Middle Ages

See main article: Christianity in the Middle Ages.

Renaissance

See also: Renaissance.

Reformation

17th century

18th century

See also: Age of Enlightenment.

19th century

20th century

See main article: Christianity in the 20th century.

21st century

See main article: Christianity in the 21st century.

See also

Sources

External links

Notes and References

  1. H. H. Ben-Sasson, A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, 1976,, page 246: "When Archelaus was deposed from the ethnarchy in 6 CE, Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea were converted into a Roman province under the name Iudaea."
  2. [John P. Meier]
  3. Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Tiberius 36;

    "The Jewish deputation which petitioned for the deposition of the royal house of the Idumeans was joined by 8,000 Jewish residents of Rome. Several Romans adopted Jewish customs, and some, as the rhetor Cilicius of Kalakte, a friend of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, even embraced Judaism (Müller, "Fragmenta Historicorum Græcorum", iii. 331). The reign of Tiberius (until the removal of his minister Sejanus) was fraught with misfortune for the Jews. When the cult of Isis was driven out of Rome (19 CE.) the Jews also were expelled, because a Roman lady who inclined toward Judaism had been deceived by Jewish swindlers. The synagogues were closed, the vessels burned, and 4,000 Jewish youths were sent upon military service to Sardinia. After the death of Sejanus (31) the emperor allowed the Jews to return.";

    • Haim Hillel Ben-Sasson (and Abraham Malamat contributor) A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, 1976,, page 288 quote: "Explicit evidence of a systematic attempt to propagate the Jewish faith in the city of Rome is found as early as 139 BCE. With the increase of the Jewish population of Rome, the Jews intensified their efforts to make converts among the Romans. Although the activity of Jewish missionaries in Roman society caused Tiberius to expel them from that city in 19 CE, they soon returned, and Jewish religious propaganda was resumed and maintained even after the destruction of the Temple. Tacitus mentions it regretfully (Histories 5.5), and Juvenal, in his Fourteenth Satire (11. 96ff.), describes how Roman families 'degenerated' into Judaism: the fathers permitted themselves to adopt some of its customs and the sons became Jews in every respect." ... [last sentence of next paragraph:] "In addition, the Bible provided the apostles of Judaism with a literature unparalleled in any other religion."
  4. Web site: John the Baptist and Josephus. 2006-08-16 . G. J. Goldberg.
  5. H.H. Ben-Sasson, A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, 1976,, The Crisis Under Gaius Caligula, pages 254-256: "The reign of Gaius Caligula (37-41) witnessed the first open break between the Jews and the Julio-Claudian empire. Until then - if one accepts Sejanus' heyday and the trouble caused by the census after Archelaus' banishment - there was usually an atmosphere of understanding between the Jews and the empire ... These relations deteriorated seriously during Caligula's reign, and, though after his death the peace was outwardly re-established, considerable bitterness remained on both sides. ... Caligula ordered that a golden statue of himself be set up in the Temple in Jerusalem. ... Only Caligula's death, at the hands of Roman conspirators (41), prevented the outbreak of a Jewish-Roman war that might well have spread to the entire East."
  6. A. J. MAAS (2003). Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ. Retrieved January 23, 2006. Walter Bauer's et al. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, 1979, under Christos notes: "as a personal name; the Gentiles must have understood Christos in this way to them it seemed very much like Chrestos [even in pronunciation ...], a name that is found in lit."
  7. Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Claudius XXV.4; Jewish Encyclopedia: Rome: Expelled Under Tiberius: "... in 49–50, in consequence of dissensions among them regarding the advent of the Messiah, they were forbidden to hold religious services. The leaders in the controversy, and many others of the Jewish citizens, left the city."
  8. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08537a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Judaizers
  9. Cumming, John (1998). Butler's Lives of the Saints. Collgeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press. p. 24
  10. http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/Pauline_Chronology.htm Pauline Chronology: His Life and Missionary Work
  11. Web site: Thomas The Apostole. stthoma.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20110208073816/http://stthoma.com/. 8 February 2011. 2020-05-14.
  12. News: More studies needed at Pattanam. Staff Reporter. The Hindu. 23 May 2013 . 14 March 2015.
  13. Web site: stthoma.com. 14 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20110208073816/http://stthoma.com/. 8 February 2011.
  14. In the earliest extant manuscript containing Annales 15:44, the second Medicean, the e in "Chrestianos", Chrestians, has been changed into an i; cf. Gerd Theißen, Annette Merz, Der historische Jesus: ein Lehrbuch, 2001, p. 89. The reading Christianos, Christians, is therefore doubtful.
  15. http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=183&letter=F&search=Fiscus%20Iudaicus Jewish Encyclopedia: Fiscus Iudaicus
  16. Wylen, Stephen M., The Jews in the Time of Jesus: An Introduction, Paulist Press (1995),, pp. 190–192.; Dunn, James D.G., Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways, A.D. 70 to 135, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (1999),, Pp 33-34.; Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro & Gargola, Daniel J & Talbert, Richard John Alexander, The Romans: From Village to Empire, Oxford University Press (2004),, p. 426.;
  17. Neill, p. 28
  18. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=66&letter=T Jewish Encyclopedia: Tarfon
  19. Web site: ANTITHESIS. 14 March 2015.
  20. Neill, p. 30
  21. Ingram, James. The Saxon chronicle with an English translation and notes, critical and explanatory, 1823, p. 10
  22. Web site: CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Dionysius. 14 March 2015.
  23. Barrett, p. 23
  24. Glover, 20
  25. Web site: Church of the East Timeline. Dickens. Mark. www.oxuscom. https://web.archive.org/web/20140426201817/http://www.oxuscom.com/timeline.htm. April 26, 2014. May 14, 2020.
  26. Herbermann, p. 385
  27. Web site: CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Caius (3rd Century). 14 March 2015.
  28. Web site: ANF05. Fathers of the Third Century: Hippolytus, Cyprian, Caius, Novatian, Appendix. 14 March 2015.
  29. Web site: CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Monarchians. 14 March 2015.
  30. Latourette, 1941, vol. I, 145
  31. Herbermann, p. 282
  32. Neill, p. 31
  33. Herbermann, p. 481
  34. Richard McBrien The Church (New York: HarperOne, 2008) 390
  35. Latourette, 1941, vol. I, p. 89
  36. Walsh, Martin de Porres. The Ancient Black Christians, Julian Richardson Associates, 1969, p. 5
  37. Barrett, p. 24
  38. Web site: CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lapsi. 14 March 2015.
  39. Web site: CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Eusebius. 14 March 2015.
  40. Web site: CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Synods of Arles. 14 March 2015.
  41. Web site: NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine. 14 March 2015.
  42. The Canon Debate, McDonald & Sanders editors, 2002, pages 414-415
  43. Book: Rapp, Stephen H. Jr. The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity. https://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&pg=PA137. 11 May 2012. 2007. John Wiley & Sons. 978-1-4443-3361-9. 138. 7 – Georgian Christianity.
  44. Web site: The Seventh Arian Confession. 14 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150701130744/http://ecole.evansville.edu/arians/7arcon.htm. 1 July 2015.
  45. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/theodcodeXVI.html Theodosian Code XVI.1.2
  46. Web site: Evagrius Scholasticus, Ecclesiastical History (AD431-594), translated by E. Walford (1846). Introduction. 14 March 2015.
  47. Paul Moses, "Mission Improbable: St. Francis and the Sultan" Commonweal 25 September 2009, 16.
  48. Web site: NOMBRE DE DIOS Mission in Spanish La Florida. 14 March 2015.
  49. "What think you, loving people, and how seem you affected, seeing that you now understand and know, that we acknowledge ourselves truly and sincerely to profess Christ, condemn the Pope, addict ourselves to the true Philosophy, lead a Christian life (...)".
  50. Web site: CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Evangelical Church. 14 March 2015.
  51. Web site: KOREA: FACING ANOTHER THREAT…. 30 August 2007.
  52. Web site: Beauraing 1932. 14 March 2015.
  53. Web site: The Lady of All Nations – Family of Mary. 14 March 2015.
  54. Web site: Messages of Our Lady at Akita Japan. 14 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20141108022926/http://www.newjerusalem.com/akita1.htm. 8 November 2014.
  55. http://faithofthefathersapparitions.blogspot.com/2006/03/our-lady-of-kibeho.html APPROVED APPARITIONS: Our Lady of Kibeho
  56. Web site: Evangelicals and Catholics Together. 14 March 2015.
  57. Web site: Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals, Inc. 14 March 2015.
  58. Independent Online – South Africa, Virgin Mary 'appears over Egyptian church', August 31, 2000
  59. http://www.zeitun-eg.org/assiut2006.htm Holy Lights in Assiut: Apparition in Assiut: Eyewitness Account
  60. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11666557 "Eyewitness: Baghdad church siege"

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