List of equipment of the Vietnam People's Ground Forces explained

During the First Indochina War (1946–1954), Vietnam War (1955–1975), Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1977–1989), Sino-Vietnamese War (1979) and the Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979– 1991 (1979–1991), the Vietnam People's Ground Force relied almost entirely on Soviet-derived weapons and equipment systems. With the end of the Cold War in 1992 Soviet military equipment subsidies ended and Vietnam began the use of hard currency and barter to buy weapons and equipment.Vietnam prioritizes economic development and growth while maintaining defense spending. The government does not conduct procurement phases or major upgrades of weapons. From the end of the 1990s the Government of Vietnam has announced the acquisition of a number of strategic systems equipped with modern weapons. Accordingly, Vietnam has been slow to develop naval and air forces to control shallow waters and its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Currently most defense procurement programs focus on remedying this priority. For example, Vietnam has purchased a number of combat aircraft and warships with the capability to operate in high seas. Vietnam also plans to develop its defense industry, with priority placed on the Navy, combined with assistance from its former communist allies, India, and Japan.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Since 2015, Vietnam has begun exploring purchases of U.S. and European weapons while facing numerous political, historical, and financial barriers, as they cannot continue to rely on Soviet and Chinese weapons especially due to the increasing tensions in the South China Sea dispute.^[4]

Personal Equipment

Combat Helmet / Helmet Accessories

Image	Name	Type	Variant	Origin	Notes
	Modular Integrated Communications Helmet	Combat Helmet			Vietnamese copy. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, police, and infantry soldiers. Manufactured locally at Factory Z176.^[5]
	Type High Cut Helmet	Combat Helmet			Vietnamese copy. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, police, and future infantry soldiers. Manufactured locally at Factory Z176.^[6]
	PASGT Helmet	Combat Helmet			Limited use with Special Forces, Border Guards, and the Navy. They are gradually replacing older helmets in all branches of the Army. Most helmets are a Vietnamese-made version of the PASGT Helmet. Earlier models were imported from Israel.^[7] ^[8]
	Type A2 Helmet	Combat helmet			The PAVN's standard issue bump shell is a hard plastic replica of the PASGT helmets. It is used for training exercises and combat drill.
	Vietnamese Pith Helmet	Helmet			Traditional standard issue hard hat, used as the army's utility and barracks cover. Commonly worn by enlisted members with their dress uniforms and during light training.
	Utility Cover	Kepi			Standard issue soft cover, consisting of a four-point front panel and an elastic backstrap. The cap's camouflage print is worn matching with field fatigues during patrols.
	SSh-68	Combat Helmet			Limited use.
	SSh-40	Combat Helmet			Limited use.
	M1 Helmet	Combat Helmet			Limited use.
	Night vision	Night-vision device		Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.^[9]
	MV5	Gas Mask		Vietnam

Image	Name	Type	Variant	Origin	Notes
	AG K51T Body Armour	Body armor		Vietnam	Been introduced in International Army Game's exhibition.
	AG K53T Body Armour	Body armor		Vietnam	Been introduced in International Army Game's exhibition.^[10]
	7.62 K56 Body Armour	Body armor		Vietnam	Been introduced in International Army Game's exhibition.
	AG17	Body armor		Vietnam
	Body Armour	Body armor		Vietnam	Limited use. NIJ level III.^[11]
	Body Armour	Body armor		Vietnam	Modern battle uniform for standard Vietnamese infantry. It will be standard issue in the future. Manufactured at the Z176 factory.^[12]
	Combat Leather Pads	Knee Pads & Elbow Pads		Vietnam	Standard Issued along with the new K20 military uniform.^[13]
	Marom Dolphin Fusion System	Body armor		Israel	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.^[14]
	Flak jacket	Body armor		United States	Limited use by some infantry and anti-riot units

Image	Name	Type	Variant	Origin	Notes
	K-07 Woodland	Camouflage pattern			Replaced as the standard camo for ground forces by the K-17 Woodland. There are multiple variants of this Woodland camo in terms of slight differences in colors. Commonly used on training fatigues.^[15] ^[16]
	K-17 Woodland	Camouflage pattern			Former standard-issue camouflage for ground forces. Similar coloration to the K-07, there are also multiple variants for the other branches of the military.^[17] ^[18] Replaced by the K-20 and observed limited usage since 2020s.
	K-17 Multi-Terrain	Camouflage pattern			Used by Vietnamese forces deployed in arid and desert environment. Based on Multicam color schemes. Seen with Vietnamese troops undergoing peacekeeping missions in South Sudan with the United Nations.
	K20 Pattern K21 Field Uniform	Camouflage pattern			Standard issue as of 2021, the PAVN's K20 camouflage pattern was developed with more subdued coloration. The new uniform will consist of 5 different variants for each branches of service: Ground Forces, Border Guard, Air Defence - Air Force, Navy and Coast Guard.
	Modified Duck Hunter Pattern	Camouflage pattern			Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Replaced by the Ground Forces-colored K20 camouflage.
	Thermal imaging anti-reconnaissance clothing	Camouflage pattern			Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.
	U.S. Woodland	Camouflage pattern			Limited use. Most commonly seen on old vests mix-matched with K07 uniform or K20
	Ghillie suit	Ghillie suit			Used by the snipers and People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, manufactured locally. Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.

Infantry Weapons

Weapons Attachment

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Origin	Notes
	ITL MARS	Red dot sight			Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor.
	Meprolight M21	Red dot sight			Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor, STV Rifles and IWI ACE
	Aimpoint PRO	Red dot sight		United States	Mounted on STV Rifles.^[19]
	Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight	Telescopic sight		United States	Mounted on Special Operations Assault Rifle, Tara TM4 rifle. Limited uses within Military Marksman Demonstration Team.^[20]
	Aimpoint CompM4	Red dot sight		United States	Mounted on AKM-1, limited use.^[21]
	NL-91	Night vision sight	NL-92	Vietnam	Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor, STV Rifles and IWI ACE.^[22]
	OPL40M	Grenade launcher	SPL40		40 mm Grenade Launcher. Standard issue grenade launcher accompanying the STV-380 rifles.
	M203	Grenade launcher			40 mm Grenade Launcher. Replaces the trigger for a lever. Mounts on the Galil ACE 32, STL-1A, M18, M16A2 and TAR-21.^[23] Manufactured locally as the T-40 at the Z111 Factory.
		Weapon accessory			Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force.^[24] ^[25]

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
			Semi-automatic pistol				Limited use in the army and police, they are being manufactured to slowly replace the K54 and K14VN pistols. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.^[26] ^[27]
		Semi-automatic pistol	9x19 Parabellum			Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Forces.^[28]
		Semi-automatic pistol		Glock 19 Glock 34 SN-VN	Austria	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Forces.The SN-VN is a domestic copy.
	Makarov pistol	Semi-automatic pistol	9×18mm Makarov	Type 59 K59 (SN9)		Used by police officers. Limited use in the army. Manufactured locally as the K59.^[29]
		Semi-automatic pistol				Used by police officers. Limited use in the army.
	K14VN	Semi-automatic pistol	7.62×25mm Tokarev	TT-33 Type 54/K54		Standard issue service pistol (K14NV) used alongside the K54. This model is equipped with a longer barrel, and a double-stack magazine that holds an increased capacity of 13 rounds.^[30] ^[31] Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. Standard issue service pistol. Manufactured locally as the K54 (from the Type 54 Chinese TT-33 copy), now being phased out by the new domestic K14VN.
		Semi-automatic pistol	7.62×25mm Tokarev .45 ACP			Captured US M1911A1s in .45 ACP used by the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army during Vietnam War. Locally manufactured copies chambered in 7.62×25mm Tokarev.

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
	STV	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	STV-215 STV-380		Standard issue rifle. The STV-215 is the carbine version of the STV-380, it has a barrel length of 215 mm.^[32] ^[33] Developed and manufactured at the Z111 Factory.
	Galil ACE	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm			The domestically made version has the charging handles located on the right side similar to traditional AK-47s. They have been replaced as the standard-issue rifle by the domestically manufactured STV-215/STV-380. The majority of them may have been transferred to Laos and since then rarely spotted in Vietnamese service.^[34] ^[35] ^[36] Manufactured at the Z111 Factory.
	AKM	Assault rifle		AKMS AKM-1 AKn		Old models are being converted to domestic AKM-1/AKn plasticized refurbishment. Succeeded and replaced as the standard-issue rifle by the STV-215/STV-380.^[37] ^[38] Manufactured locally with some new detail.^[39]
	Type 56	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm			Limited use. Refurbished to become AKn-equivalent and replaced as the standard-issue rifle by the STV-215/STV-380.
	AK-47	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm			Limited use.
	IWI Tavor TAR-21	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO			Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Naval Infantry. Manufactured locally.
	M16A1	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	M16A2 CAR-15		M16A1 and XM16E1 is used by Militia Forces in southern provinces. Upgraded and manufactured locally as the M16A2VN base on M16A1 and M18 with new stock and Picatinny rail.^[40] M16A2 used by Coast Guard in small numbers. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, Naval Infantry, and Coast Guard. Converted locally as the M18 at the Z111 Factory.
	Special Operations Assault Rifle	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO			Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
	CZ 805 BREN	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO			Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
	FN FNC	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO			Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
	Tara TM4 Assault rifle	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO			Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
	PP-19 Bizon	Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum			Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. The locally produced version comes with a Galil-style stock, and is chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum.^[41] Manufactured locally as the SN9P at the Z111 Factory.
	MP5	Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum	MP5A3 MP5K-A4		Used by Mobile Police Command. A domestic copy has picatinny rails.
	Uzi Pro	Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum			Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Naval Special Operation Force. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.^[42]
			9×19mm Parabellum			Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.
	CZ Scorpion Evo 3	Submachine gun				Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
	STV-022	Submachine gun	7.62×39mm			Derivative of the STV rifle. Used by bodyguard unit under the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army and other units.

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
	Remington Model 870	Shotgun	12 Gauge
	Armsel Striker	Combat shotgun	12 Gauge			Limited use.^[43]

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
	IWI Galatz	Sniper rifle	7.62×51mm NATO			Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Naval Infantry. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.There is a domestic copy of the SR-99.
						Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force.
						Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force.
						Used by Naval Special Operation Force and Naval Infantry. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.^[44]
	OSV-96	Anti-materiel rifle	12.7×108mm			Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.^[45] There is a domestic copy.
	KSVK	Anti-materiel rifle	12.7×108mm	SBT12M1^[46]		Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory as the SBT12M1.
		Sniper rifle				Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.There is a domestic copy.
	WKW Wilk	Anti-materiel rifle	.50 BMG			+50 examples were bought.^[47]

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
	IWI Negev	Light machine gun	5.56×45mm NATO			Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.
	FN Minimi Mk3	Light machine gun	5.56×45mm NATO			Limited use in People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, Vietnam People's Navy, and Military Marksman Demonstration Team.^[48]
	FN MAG	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×51mm NATO			Limited use by Military Marksman and Demonstration Team.^[49]
	M60	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×51mm NATO			Used by PAVN. Limited use.
	Mk 21 Mod 0	Medium machine gun	7.62×51mm NATO			Limited use.
	RPD	Light machine gun	7.62×39mm			Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally.
	RPK	Light machine gun	7.62×39mm			Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally.
	PKM	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×54mmR			Standard issue machine gun, Manufactured locally as ĐL7N.
	NSV	Heavy machine gun	12.7×108mm			Standard issue tank-mounted machine gun. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.^[50] ^[51] Replacing the DShK.
	KPV	Heavy machine gun	14.5×114mm

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
	STA-50	Light mortar	50 mm Mortar		Vietnam	Silenced Mortar. Manufactured locally at the Z117 Factory.^[52]
	M2 mortar	Infantry mortar	60 mm Mortar
	M1 mortar	Infantry mortar	81 mm Mortar
	M29 mortar	Infantry mortar	81 mm Mortar
	82-PM-41	Mortar	82 mm Mortar
	M1938	Mortar	107 mm Mortar
	PM-43	Mortar	120 mm Mortar
	M1943	Mortar	160 mm Mortar

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
	AGS-17	Automatic grenade launcher	30×29mm Grenade	SPL-17		Standard issue. Manufactured locally at the Z125 Factory as the SPL-17.
	Milkor MGL	Grenade launcher	40×46mm Grenade	MGL-VN1		Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally as the MGL-VN1.^[53]
	M79	Grenade launcher	40×46mm Grenade	SPL40		Standard issue. Manufactured locally at the Z125 Factory as the SPL40.^[54]

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG)
	RPG-7V	Rocket-propelled grenade	40 mm HEAT	RPG7V-VN		Internally codenamed B-41. Manufactured locally as RPG7V-VN or SCT-7.
	M72 LAW	Anti-tank weapon	66 mm HEAT
	MATADOR	Anti-armour	90 mm anti-armour			Used by Naval Infantry Force.
						Only for chemical forces.
	RPG-29	Rocket-propelled grenade	105 mm HEAT	SCT-29		Manufactured locally under the name of SCT-29.^[55] ^[56]
		Wire-guided SACLOS missile	120 mm HEAT			Locally manufactures an upgraded 9P135 launcher.^[57] The launcher includes a day/night sight, laser rangefinder, remote control abilities, etc.
	9M14 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger)	Wire-guided SACLOS missile	125 mm HEAT	9M14P1-2F 9M14P1-2T CTVN-18		Manufactured locally under license from Serbia version with improved semi-automatic command to line of sight guidance.The domestic copy is known as the CTVN-18.CTVN-18 able to pierce up to 750-800 mm of RHA. Not as powerful as 9M14P1-2T, which can pierce 1,000 mm of RHA.
	9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandre)	Wire-guided SACLOS missile	135 mm HEAT			The upgraded 9P135M launcher also used for the 9M133 Konkurs.The Center for Precision Mechanical Technology hints at being capable of developing critical parts of the new generation of anti-tank missile.
Recoilless Rifle
	SPG-9		73 mm HEAT			Manufactured locally as SPG-9T2.
	B-10	Anti-tank recoilless rifle	82 mm HEAT			Manufactured locally as the DKZ82-B10 VN or B10VN for short. It's more similar to a Type 65 recoilless rifle.

Ground Vehicles

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Notes
	T-90S	Main battle tank	T-90SK	64^[59]		The T-90SK is the commander's version.
	T-54/55	Main battle tank	Type-59 T-54M/55M^[60]	850 (-410)^[61] 350 410		Currently around 310 T-54/55 tanks undergo refits and upgrades to Vietnamese/Israeli T-54M3/55M3 modernized program at Z153 factory. As of January 2024, 100 tanks have been upgraded to the T-54M3/55M3 standard in stage 1. The T-54M3/55M3 is an upgraded variant of the T-54/55 that's equipped with a Fire Control System, new 1000 hp engine, and locally manufactured Explosive Reactive Armor. Armed with a 100 mm D-10T2S rifled cannon, 7.62 mm PKT, and 12.7 mm DShKM / NSV. Vietnam is now capable of domestically producing its own FCS. The domestic FCS bares a striking resemblance to the TIFCS-3BU FCS from Indra that's produced in Spain.
	T-62	Main battle tank	T-62	70^[62]
	PT-76	Amphibious Light tank	PT-76	300		76.2 mm D-56T series rifled tank gun.
	Type-63	Amphibious Light tank	Type-63	150^[63]		Called PT-85 in local service because of its 85 mm gun, similar to the PT-76.
	T-34	Medium tank	T-34	45^[64]		Used only for training and coastal defense. 76.2 mm tank gun.

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Notes
	BMP-1	Infantry fighting vehicle	BMP-1	300^[65]
	BMP-2	Infantry fighting vehicle	BMP-2
	BMP-1VN (XCB-01)	Infantry fighting vehicle		(+18)		The XCB-01 is a Vietnamese domestic copy and modification of the BMP-1 and BMP-2. It features domestically a produced 2A28 Grom gun with upgraded gun sights and a magazine system, FCS system, laser rangefinder, thermal sight, dual channel day/night sight, IR warning receivers, and auto deploying smoke grenades. The hull is 6.97 meters in length, 2.68 meters in height and weighs 14.78 tons. Info about armor composition and thickness is unknown but it may be as thick or thicker than what is equipped on the BMP-1/2. The hull is noticeably more angular compared to the BMP-1/2 and that choice may be due to ease of manufacturing. The engine will be replaced by DOOSAN DL-08 from South Korea which is heavier, longer in width, and more powerful (321 hp). Also amphibious. Armament is the same as everything on the BMP-1, but could include up to 4 CTVN-18 (domestic Malyutka). Prototype being built at Z189 shipyard and Z125 factory.

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Notes
Armored Personnel Carriers (Wheeled)
	GAZ-59037A	Wheeled armoured personnel carrier				Used in natural disaster rescue and response missions.^[66]
	BTR-40	Wheeled armoured personnel carrier		1,100^[67]
	BTR-60	Wheeled armoured personnel carrier				Used by both Army and Naval Marines.
	BTR-152	Wheeled armoured personnel carrier				Being upgraded with new diesel engine.^[68] One is converted to an armored ambulance to support the field hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan, as a part of the UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan.
	XTC-02	Wheeled armoured personnel carrier				4x4 APC that can carry a driver, commander, and 10 other people; 12 people in total. Seems to be amphibious and might include a remote controlled weapons station.^[69]
		Wheeled armoured personnel carrier				Leaked photo showed a document of a proposed 8x8 APC. The APC somewhat resembles the BTR-60.
Armored Personnel Carriers (Tracked)
	MT-LB	Armoured personnel carrier				Was seen used by artillery troops preparing for the 2020 International Army Games.^[70]
	BTR-50PK	Armoured personnel carrier		280^[71]
	M113	Armoured personnel carrier		200		Equipped with DShK or NSVT 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and sometimes with the SPG-9. 1970s photos show M40 recoilless rifles from capture.
	M106 mortar carrier	Mortar carrier				Self-propelled 107 mm mortars сaptured in the Vietnam War.
	Type 63	Armoured personnel carrier		80

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Notes
	Dongfeng EQ2050	Military light utility vehicle				Used by Engineers at United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei.
	Cadillac V-100	Armoured scout car				Upgraded by the Military Mechanical Engineering Institute with assistance from Z751 factory to replace old and worn out parts after Vietnam was reunified with American-made weapons replaced with Russian-based weapons.^[72] ^[73] Acquired through capturing them in the Vietnam War.^[74]
	BRDM-2	Armoured scout car		50^[75]

Artillery

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Notes
	D-44	85 mm field gun	PTH85D44-VN18			The D-44 may be put into reserves soon as the ammunition it uses is unconventional and not standardized. The production of this ammo type will cease in the future and so will the service of the D-44.The PTH85D44-VN18 is a mobile artillery unit that contains a D-44 artillery gun mounted on a Ural-375 6x6 truck. This may just be a prototype that never went into full production.
	D-30	122 mm towed howitzer	PTH122			While the current number in service is unclear, the Soviet Union provided 50 pieces of the D-30 in 1974.^[76] Some may have been taken out of service over the years.The PTH122 is domestic self-propelled artillery prototype.
	M-46	130 mm field gun	Type 59 PTH130-K225B			While the current number in service is unclear, the Soviet Union provided 519 pieces of the M-46 from 1968 - 1973. Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years.The PTH130-K225B is domestic self-propelled artillery prototype.
	D-20	152 mm towed gun-howitzer				While the current number in service is unclear, the Soviet Union provided 500 pieces of the D-20 from 1966 - 1970. Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years.

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Notes
	2S1 Gvozdika	122 mm self-propelled artillery
	2S3 Akatsiya	152 mm self-propelled artillery		30^[77]
	K9 Thunder	155 mm self-propelled artillery		(+108)		Vietnam is in talks with South Korea to acquire the K9 Thunder Self-propelled Howitzer to replace its aging mobile artillery fleet.^[78]

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Notes
	BM-21	122 mm multiple rocket launcher		350		Received modernization. Launcher can be aimed digitally along with other digitalization upgrades. Monitor displays type of ammunition selected.Can maintenance the rockets of the BM-21.
	BM-14	140 mm multiple rocket launcher	BM-14MM----BM-14-17M	<100^[79]		100 launchers exported from the USSR in 1965-1966 period.^[80] ^[81]
	ACCULAR	122–160 mm rocket artillery				40 km range, used for coastal defence.^[82]
	EXTRA	306 mm rocket artillery		20 launchers		150 km range, used for coastal defence.^[83]
	K-300P Bastion-P	P-800 Oniks		10 launchers		Two systems were acquired in 2011; a single system consists of 4 TEL along with radars, command, and support vehicles.120-300 km range, mainly used for coastal defense.^[84]
		Tactical ballistic missile	(All Missiles) Scud B Scud C Scud D Hwasong-5 Hwasong-6	24^[85]		24 TEL in total. 100 Hwasong-6 missiles and many more Scud missiles.

Air Defense System

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Notes
Surface-to-Air Defense System
	S-300PMU1	Long range air defense and anti-ballistic missile system.	S-300PMU1	12 launchers^[86]		Two systems were acquired.^[87] Received upgrade to the command center and range of the missile. Said to be upgraded to S-300PMU2 standards. Factory A31 capable of domestically manufacturing spare and critical parts for SAM missile.
	SPYDER-MR	Medium to long range air defense system.		30 launchers		Five systems (including 6 launchers each) and 750 missiles ordered.^[88] The SPYDER-MR variant has a nonrotatable, vertical launcher. Used more as stationary air defense.Can domestically maintenance Derby and Python SAM missiles. 80 km range.
	SPYDER-SR	Short to medium range air defense system.				The SPYDER-SR variant has a rotatable, slanted launcher. Can possibly be used as mobile AA due to quick deployment.40 km range.
	S-75 Dvina	Short to medium range air defense system in modern standards.	S-75M3	~25 launchers		Factory A31 capable of domestically manufacturing spare and critical parts for SAM missile. Old missiles had certain analog parts replaced with digital systems.45 km range.
	S-125 Neva/Pechora	Short to medium range air defense system.	S-125TM Pechora-2TM----S-125M Pechora-M----S-125-VT	51 launchers		30 S-125TM Pechora-2TM and 21 S-125M Pechora-M batteries as of 2024.^[89] The S-125-VT modernized variant was reported to be in service in July 2024.^[90] Factory A31 capable of domestically manufacturing spare and critical parts for SAM missile. Old missiles had certain analog parts replaced with digital systems. ~35 km range.
	9K35 Strela-10	Short range air defense system.		20 launchers		Tracked air defense system.
Anti-air Artillery
	ZSU-23-4 Shilka	Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun	ZSU-23-4M			Modernization upgrade includes 4 Igla SAM launchers, digital fire-control system, thermal camera, day-night camera, laser range finder, electro-optic vision, improved weapon radar, replaced mechanical transmission with hydrostatic transmission, added hydraulic boosters, and significant speed improvement to turret traversal.There are more additions.
	ZU-23-2	Twin Autocannon	23mm-2M----23mm-2ML			The 23mm-2M variant upgrade included cabin for gunner, electromechanic turn system, modern control systems, and potentially a ballistic computer and fire-control system. This project was jointly carried out by Israel and Vietnam.----Similar to the 23mm-2M, the 23mm-2ML additionally includes optronics sensor, laser rangefinder, and potentially a digital fire-control systemFurther modernization projects includes installing the platform on logistic trucks and adding an automatic control system that's being developed.
	AZP S-60	Autocannon				57 mm automatic anti-air autocannon. The Vietnamese heavily upgraded the AZP S-60 by equipping it with a fire-control system with radar, optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment, an electromechanical gun control complex, and a digital firing element identification system connected to a computer.The upgraded AZP S-60 can operate without a gunner, is fully automatic, and no longer needs to be manually reloaded.^[91]
	61-K	Autocannon				37 mm automatic anti-air autocannon.Modernized with a fire-control system and radar.

Radar System

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Notes
	VRS-3TL-1	3D L-Band Tactical Surveillance Radar				Surveillance, detection, tracking, narrow pencil-beam (ability to emit high precision & reduce interference concentrated radar beam), electronic scanning in elevation,^[92] and other capabilities.Detect targets flying at low altitude and short range. Produced and developed by Viettel.
	VRS-MRS	3D S-Band Medium-Range Surveillance Radar				This radar has AESA tech, narrow pencil-beam, electronic scanning in elevation, Look-down, Burn-through function (detect targets through interference/clutter), ECM, IFF identification, and open architecture for CS5SIR system.^[93] Can also do Surveillance, detection and tracking.Detect targets flying at medium altitude and medium range. Produced and developed by Viettel.
	VRS-SRS	3D S-Band Tactical Surveillance Radar				Easy assemble, dissemble, transport, and cheaper. Has all the advantages of the VRS-MRS except weather monitoring abilities.^[94] Produced and developed by Viettel.
	VRS-M2D-1	2D Medium-Altitude Surveillance Radar				2D radars are much cheaper and easier to build than 3D radars, but are less capable. Compared to 3D radars, the VRS-M2D-1 and its similar counterparts have lacking ECM abilities but still possess ECM.^[95] Air Traffic Control, provides info for command/control and air defense system. Detect targets flying at low altitude and medium range. Produced and developed by Viettel.
	VRS-2DM-1	2D Low-Altitude Surveillance Radar				Seamlessly integration with SAM systems along with other radar abilities^[96] and provides info for command/control and air defense system.Detect targets flying at low altitude and medium range. Produced and developed by Viettel.
	GBR-EAS	Ground Based Radar - Electronic Attack System				Passive Surveillance and Analysis.Electronic Defence: Area Protection High Value Asset Protection Self-Protection Electronic Attack: Jamming, coherent and noise based Deception Generation of false targets Collaborative techniques^[97] Brought from Indra Sistemas.
Coastal Radar
	VRS-CSX-1	X-Band Medium-Range Coastal Surveillance Radar				Detect targets at sea and those flying at a low altitude. Produced and developed by Viettel.^[98]
	VRS-SRX	X-Band Short-Range High Resolution Coastal Surveillance Radar				Detect targets at sea and those flying at a low altitude. Produced and developed by Viettel.^[99]

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Notes
	HS-6L	MALE UVA				Jointly developed by Vietnam's Academy of Science and Technology with Belarus; completed in 2015 around November.^[100] ^[101] Specification: Wingspan: 22m Endurance: 35 hours Range: 4,000 km (claimed)
	IAI Heron	MALE UVA		3
	Orbiter 2	Reconnaissance				Acquired from Israel.^[102]
	Insitu ScanEagle	Reconnaissance		6^[103]
	VT-Patrol	Reconnaissance	VT-Pigeon VT-Swift			The VT-Swift is a license produced variant of the Orbiter 3 from Israel.
	UAV Shikra	Reconnaissance				May be in active service. Produced and developed by Viettel.

Engineering / Logistic / Utility Vehicles

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Notes
Engineering Vehicles
	BREM-1M	Armoured recovery vehicle				Based on T-90 chassis.^[104]
	TMM-3M	Armoured vehicle-launched bridge
	MS-20 Daglezja	Armoured vehicle-launched bridge		4^[105]
	Schweres Rüstfahrzeug (SRF)	Rescue vehicle
	MT-LB	Artillery reconnaissance
	BTS-4	Armoured recovery vehicle
	PTS-M	Tracked amphibious transport
		Self-propelled amphibious ferry		3		Operated by 575th Engineer Brigade.^[106]
	PMP Floating Bridge	Pontoon bridge		>1		At least one equipped for 414th Engineer Brigade^[107]
	VSN-1500	Motor canoe				Equipped for engineer units as a light troop transport canoe.^[108]
	BMK-150	Motor canoe				Equipped for pontoon bridge units.
	AT-L	Artillery tractor
	ATS-59G	Artillery tractor
	IMR-2	Armoured engineering vehicle		2		Based on T-72 chassis.
	KrAZ-255	Military Excavator
	PZM-2
	M548	Artillery tractor
	M578	Armored recovery vehicle
Logistic Vehicles
	KamAZ 43118	Military Truck				Replacing older Ural trucks.^[109]
	KamAZ 65224	Military Truck				Replacing older Ural trucks.
	KamaZ-43253	Military Truck				Replacing older Ural trucks.
	KZKT-74281-012-chassis	Artillery tractor
	Isuzu F-Series	Military Truck
	Hyundai HD170	Military Truck
	MAN HX58	Military Truck
	Renault ME160	Military Truck				Used by 410th Battalion, 683rd Transportation Brigade.^[110]
	Zil-130	Military truck	Zil-131 Zil-157
	Gaz-66	Military Truck
	Ural-375	Military Truck
	Kraz-255B	Military Truck
	MAZ-537	Artillery tractor
Utility Vehicles
	Ford Transit	Van			(design) Thailand (Manufacturing place)	Used by Army's communication force.^[111]
	Toyota Hilux	Pickup truck			Japan (design) Thailand (Manufacturing place)	Used by Military control force.
	Toyota Innova	Light utility vehicles			Japan (design) Indonesia Thailand (Manufacturing place)	Used by Army officers.
	Mitsubishi Pajero	Utility Vehicle			Thailand Austria (Manufacturing place)	Used by Army's communication force.^[112]
	UAZ-469	Military light utility vehicle

Former

Infantry Weapon

Assault Rifle

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
	AMD-65	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm			Limited use.
	vz. 58	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm			Limited use.^[113]
	Type 63	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm			Used by Militia and Self-defense Forces.
	Type 58	Assault rifle	7.62x39mm			Sent as military aid by North Korea during the Vietnam War. Limited use.
	SKS	Semi-automatic rifle	7.62×39mm			Used by Honor Guards, Militia Forces, and Ceremonial Purposes.
	M14	Battle rifle	7.62×51mm NATO			Stored in reserves.
	4MK4	Bolt-action rifle	.303 British			Limited used by Militia Forces.^[114]

Submachine Gun

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
	PM-63	Machine pistol/Submachine gun	9×18mm Makarov			Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Guard Police. Retired.
	Škorpion	Submachine gun	.32 ACP			Formerly used by the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong.

Machine Gun

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
	Uk vz. 59	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×54mmR			Used by PAVN and Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.
	Type 67	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×54mmR			Used by PAVN and Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.
	TUL-1	Light machine gun	7.62×39mm			Vietnamese TUL-1 light machine gun used the frame of Chinese Type 56 assault rifle but with stock of an RPK, barrel sights from an RPD and 30-round magazine used on the AK-47/Type 56, there are rare 40-round magazines. The TUL-1 body was thin, only 1 mm compared to the 1.5 mm of an RPK. It was also heavier and had an inferior rate of fire compared to the RPK. However, the firing rate and effective range of the weapon was successfully better than that of an AK-47/Type 56. The TUL-1 LMGs were manufactured between 1970–1974 and ended after Vietnam obtained production rights to the RPK itself.
	DShK	Heavy machine gun	12.7×108mm			Mounted on T-55 tanks. Currently being phased out by the NSV.

Anti-Tank Weapon / Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG)

Recoilless Rifle
Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Notes
	B-11	Anti-tank recoilless rifle	82 mm HEAT			Stored in reserves.
	M-40	Anti-tank recoilless rifle	105 mm HEAT			Stored in reserves.

Artillery

Towed Artillery

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Notes
	M101	105 mm towed howitzer	M2A1 PTH-105			Received modernization.The PTH-105 is a truck mounted artillery gun prototype. The M101 artillery gun is mounted on a Ural truck. Stored in reserves and used for ceremonial purposes.
	M-30^[115]	122 mm field gun				While the current number is, the Soviet Union provided 450 pieces of the M-30 from 1964 - 1969. Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years.Stored in reserves.
	D-74^[116]	122 mm field gun				While the current number is, the Soviet Union provided 200 pieces of the D-74 from 1970 - 1971 and China provided 100 pieces of the Type-60 (Chinese made version of D-74) in 1974. Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years.Stored in reserves.
	M114	155 mm towed howitzer				Stored in reserves.

Self-propelled Artillery / Mobile Artillery

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

Procurement

In 2006, Israel reported to the United Nations Register Organization of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) that two of its light armoured vehicles had been sold to Vietnam.^[119] A number of Israeli companies won a bid to modernize and upgrade T-54/55 tanks as well as establishing factories in the country. Israel's program includes upgrading armor, night vision system and a fire control system upgrade (produced in Poland). In May 2002, Vietnam and Ukraine reached an agreement of military technical co-operation which extended to 2005. Accordingly, Ukraine will support Vietnam primarily to upgrade its armor and artillery, and improve weapons co-production and repair facilities.^[119] In February 2005, the Ministry of Defence of Finland ceded to Vietnam about 70 T-54 and T-55 tanks from the Soviet era. In early March 2005, Poland signed a contract to sell to Vietnam 150 T-72 tanks which would have been used to support training, ammunition, equipment maintenance, and repair, but this contract was cancelled in 2006 because Vietnam wanted to focus more on its Navy and Air Force.^[119] In addition to upgrading tanks, the Ministry of Defence of Vietnam signed a military co-operation agreement with Russia. The Vietnamese have also developed the capacity to produce their own equipment and repair existing equipment.

See Also

• People's Army of Vietnam
• List of equipment of the Vietnam People's Navy
• List of equipment of the Vietnam People's Air Force
• Vietnam Coast Guard
• Vietnam People's Public Security

Notes and References

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2. Web site: Russian missiles to guard skies over Vietnam. https://web.archive.org/web/20030907073049/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/EI05Ag02.html. unfit. 7 September 2003. Sergei Blagov. Asia Times. 5 September 2003. 27 June 2015.
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4. Web site: Vietnam Pushes Modernization as China Challenge Grows. Wendell Minnick. Defense News. 31 August 2015. 25 April 2016.
5. https://web.archive.org/web/20210910142724/https://netnews.vn/Nua-the-ky-gay-dung-thuong-hieu-cua-Z176-quan-su-150-1757-2600997.html Half a century of branding of Z176
6. https://web.archive.org/web/20221209173841/https://ttxh.org/an-ninh/quoc-phong/dac-nhiem-viet-nam-bat-kip-xu-the-mu-chong-dan-hang-dau-the-gioi-1112202040038.html Vietnamese special forces catch up with the world's leading bulletproof helmet trend
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