Eponymous medical signs are those that are named after a person or persons, usually the physicians who first described them, but occasionally named after a famous patient. This list includes other eponymous entities of diagnostic significance; i.e. tests, reflexes, etc.
| Sign | Name | Specialty | Associated conditions | External link (if no internal link) | Descriptor | - | surgery | epigastric pain with pressure on McBurney's point | - | endocrinology | levator palpebrae superioris spasm | - | neurology | absence of pain on Achilles tendon pressure | - | obstetrics | pregnancy | serum reaction;obsolete | - | infectious disease | presence of arsenical anti-syphilitic;obsolete | - | nephrology | quantitative cells and casts in 24hr. urine | - | neurology | ciliary nerve damage | dilated pupil, poorly reactive but with normal near accommodation | - | vascular surgery | obliteration of radial pulse with manoeuvres | - | neurology, neurosurgery, ENT | vestibular lesions | describes nystagmus in vestibular lesions | - | vascular surgery, critical care[1] | arterial supply of the hand | tests for presence of palmar ulnar-radial anastomosis (palmar arch) | - | obstetrics, pediatrics | assess health of newborn | - | orthopaedic surgery | meniscal lesions | manoeuvres to elicit knee pain | - | Argyll Robertson pupils | neurology | neurosyphilis[2] | light-near dissociation | - | haematology, nutrition | folate deficiency | lobulation of neutrophil nuclei | - | Gustav Asboe-Hansen | extension of a blister to adjacent unblistered skin when pressed | - | obstetrics | normal pregnancy | oestral reaction in mouse injected with pregnant urine | - | rheumatology, pathology | foci of interstitial inflammation in the myocardium and elsewhere | - | haematology, pathology | haemolysis | agglutination test for erythrocyte survival | -A | Dr. Heather Ashton | Auberger (patient) | haematology | normal physiology | Aua antigen | - | cardiology | bulging epigastrium | - | hematology | cytoplasmic inclusions in myeloblasts | - | dermatology | pinpoint bleeding when scales are removed from psoriasis or warts | - | cardiology | mid-diastolic rumble heard at apex | - | neurology | Kumar SP, Ramasubramanian D . The Babinski sign—a reappraisal . Neurol India . 48 . 4 . 314–8 . December 2000 . 11146592 . 13 April 2009. | dorsiflexion of the hallux with fanning of the remaining phalanges upon soft stimulation of the lateral plantar surface of the foot | - | cardiology | normal physiology | increase in heart rate with increase in circulating blood volume | - | genetics | RNA transcription | large chromosome puff indicating site of RNA transcription | - | general surgery | abdominal/splenic trauma | percussive dullness left flank, LUQ, percussive resonance right flank | - | vascular medicine | pain on anterior, but not lateral, compression of calf | - | ENT, neurology | vertigo, vestibular dysfunction | nystagmus elicited by hot or cold irrigation of ear canal | - | Thomas Geoffrey Barlow, English Pediatric Orthopedist, (1915 - 1975) | paediatrics, orthopaedic surgery | dislocation on adduction of hip | - | Obstetrics, pathology | indicates a specific cause of death in some stillborns | Loss of all four alpha-globin genes (total alpha-thalassemia) leads to severely anemic stillborn babies with small amounts of an abnormal hemoglobin composed of four gamma sub-units (Bart's Hemoglobin) | - | neurology | spinal cord transection | loss of muscle tone and reflexes below lesion level | - | neurosurgery/traumatology | mastoid ecchymosis | - | dermatology, internal medicine | multiple, including trauma | transverse ridges on nails | - | cardiology | hypotension, increased central venous pressure (JVP), distant heart sounds | - | ophthalmology, endocrinology | visible pulsation of retinal arteries | - | neurology, neurosurgery | spinal trauma at T10 | cephalad movement of navel on cervical flexion | - | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions | stroking dorsal radial skin, with forearm in supination, elicits wrist and finger flexion | - | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions | toe flexion on percussion of dorsum of foot | - | hematology | - | endocrinology | reagent for presence of monosaccharides | - | neurology | normal physiology | electroencephalographic alpha wave | - | pharmacology, toxicology | effect of certain alkaloids | apnea, bradycardia, hypotension | - | neurology, ophthalmology | - | neurology | extension of the great toe on pricking the dorsum of the foot with a pin | - | neurology | brain stem herniation | quick shallow respirations followed by period of apnea | - | ophthalmology | vitamin A deficiency | spots of keratin deposition in the conjunctiva | - | ophthalmology | comet shaped visual field defect, extending temporally from the physiological blind spot | - | surgery | peritonitis | rebound tenderness | - | gastroenterology | gastric ulcer | dermal hyperaesthesia just left of T12 | - | gastroenterology | acute cholecystitis | dermal hyperaesthesia at inferior angle of R scapula | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| clinical chemistry | unit of alkaline phosphatase concentration in blood | - | ophthalmology, endocrinology | spasmodic ptosis on downward gaze | - | rheumatology | bony outgrowths on dorsa of proximal interphalangeal joints | - | cardiology | infective endocarditis | yellow-white spots in the myocardium | - | vascular surgery, nephrology | chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis | pressing on proximal portion of AV fistula results in bradycardia | - | obstetrics | normal pregnancy | "false labour". sporadic contractions beginning as early as mid 1st trimester | - | nephrology, pathology | pyelonephritis | dark red wedge shaped areas on kidney section resembling infarcts | - | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions | plantar stimulation elicits contraction of tensor fasciae latae | - | cardiology | L atrial hypertrophy | systole palpable in posterior chest wall | - | cardiology | adhesive pericarditis | recession of L inferior intercostal spaces | - | neurology, neuropsychology | developmental or other pathology of various frontal cortical areas | - | general medicine, surgery | superficial vein is percussed proximally; if impulse is felt over vein distally, valvular incompetence is present | - | surgery, obstetrics | if breast milk flown into a sterile pad is mixed with pus (brown, yellow or bloody traces), mastitis may be present | - | general medicine, surgery | identifies level of valvular incompetence | - | neurology | neck flexion elicits hip and knee flexion | - | neurology | pressure beneath zygoma elicits flexion of forearm | - | neurology | pressure over symphisis pubis elicits knee, hip flexion and leg abduction | - | neurology | passive flexion of knee to abdomen elicits flexion of contralateral hip and knee | - | paediatric cardiology | ventricular septal defect | loud pansystolic murmur | - | neurology | frontal lobe lesions | difficulty moving feet in contact with floor, tendency to fall backwards | - | neurology | cerebellopontine angle tumor, vestibular schwannoma | nystagmus that coarsens in amplitude on lateral gaze | - | ophthalmology, genetics | Downs' syndrome or non-pathological | greyish-white spots at periphery of iris | - | general medicine, surgery | pallor of the leg upon elevation | - | toxicology | NEJM 354:e21 5/18/06 | blue discolouration of the gingival border | - | hematology | lead poisoning, anaemias | threadlike strands in erythrocytes | - | gastroenterology, surgery | portal hypertension | distended veins radiating from umbilicus | - | cardiology, thoracic surgery | aortic arch dilatation or aneurysm, mediastinal tumour | left displacement of trachea elicits palpable pulsation of same | - | cardiology, rheumatology | rheumatic fever | mid-diastolic rumble | - | primary care, surgery | abdominal mass and/or pain | Am J Med Sci 174 (1927): 579–599 | supine patient lifts head from bed;↑ pain – abdominal wall ;↓ pain – intraperitoneal | - | cardiology | increase in volume of murmur on inspiration | - | nutrition | pellagra (niacin deficiency) | Casal collar at Medscape | widely variable collar of dermatitis characteristically in c3,c4 dermatomes | - | infectious disease, tropical medicine | intradermal injection of hydatid fluid causing wheal | - | various | inflammation | 1. Rubor (redness) 2. Tumor (swelling)3. Calor (heat) 4. Dolor (pain) | - | neurology | pyramidal lesions, corticospinal tract lesions | extension of big toe with stimulation of skin over lateral malleolus | - | obstetrics | pregnancy | cyanosis of vulva, vagina and cervix | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chagas disease | Carlos Chagas | infectious disease, tropical medicine | heart failure | Heart failure, enlarged esophagus, enlarged colon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| surgery | jaundice, fever and chills, RUQ pain | - | neurology | nystagmus, intention tremor, staccato speech | - | pathology | lysophospholipase crystals in various tissues | - | palliative care | respiratory center damage | - | heart failure | - | endocrinology | tapping over facial nerve elicits abnormal muscle contraction(s) | - | emergency medicine, surgery | blunt abdominal trauma | heart and/or breath sounds heard through abdominal wall indicate rupture of viscus | - | paediatrics | painless symmetrical hydrarthroses, particularly of the knees | - | oncology, orthopaedic surgery, radiology | osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma | triangular subperiosteal growth | - | paediatrics | rubeola | whitish patches on gingiva and buccal mucosa | - | Comolli's sign | Antonio Comolli | Orthopaedic surgery | Web site: Comolli's sign . The Free Dictionary. 29 May 2013. | triangular swelling corresponding to the outline of the scapula | - | hematology | - | Albert Coons at National Academies Press | - | Ethel L. Cornell, American Neuropsychologist and Psychiatrist, Columbia University NY (1882–1972) | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. | scratching alongside big toe extensor tendon elicits an extensor plantar response | - | cardiology | carotid pulsations with abrupt ascending and descending phases | - | infectious disease | yellow fever, viral haemorrhagic fevers | eosinophilic globules in liver | - | gastroenterology | obstructive jaundice | palpable gall bladder w/ painless jaundice unlikely to be cholelithiasis | - | neuropsychiatry | 'general paresis' | tremor at corners of mouth and of outer canthus | - | dermatology | neurofibromatosis type I | axillary freckling | - | - | surgery, obstetrics | intra-abdominal haemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy | ecchymosis around umbilicus predicts onset of acute pancreatitis | - | spiral mucus plugs found in sputum | - | neurology | elevated systolic bp, bradycardia, irregular respiration | - | trauma surgery | penetrating pelvic trauma | bimanual palpation of foreign object lodged in pelvis with one digit in an incision lateral to the anus and the other digit inserted in the rectum | - | Johan Dahlén, Ernst Fuchs | ophthalmology | sympathetic ophthalmia | granulocytic infiltrate of the uvea | - | K.V. Dahl | pigmented calluses on anterior surface of thighs (from leaning on elbows) | - | ophthalmology, endocrinology | thyrotoxicosis | widened palpebral opening | - | (paediatric)surgery | empty RLQ (retracted right iliac fossa) | - | allergy, dermatology | urticaria pigmentosa | - | neurology | multiple sclerosis | http://www.ms-info.net/evo/msmanu/984.3F74149980602 http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/NeuroWeb/Text/br-845.htm | characteristic fingerlike appearance of lateral ventricle on mri, ct, or at autopsy | - | cardiology | head nodding in time with heartbeat | - | Charles Clayton Dennie DB Morgan | dermatology | Dennie's line at TheFreeDictionary.com | accentuated fold below the lower eyelid | - | orthopaedic surgery | pelvic fracture | http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/inspection_of_patients_w_pelvic_frx | ecchymosis superior to inguinal ligament, in scrotum or of thigh | - | Elicitation of extreme vertigo upon lateral movement of a patient's head when lying in a supine position | - | pathology | various including trauma and neoplasm | basophilic inclusions in peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils | - | Hitoka Doi | reappearance of absent deep tendon reflexes after short period of maximal muscle contraction | - | surgery | appendicitis | http://www.aipge.com/article-704-nested-0-0.html | increase in abdominal pain on coughing | - | cardiology | double bruit heard over femoral artery when it is compressed distally (see Traube's sign) | - | ophthalmology | hypertensive retinopathy | - | paediatrics | normal newborn | cystic papules on palate | - | cardiology | percussive dullness, aegophony and bronchial breath sounds at L scapular tip | - | Jean-Charles Faget | infectious disease | yellow fever Typhoid Fever tularaemia brucellosis others | - | Harry Finkelstein | rheumatology | - | paediatrics | small red spots on the soft palate | - | surgery | anterior abdominal mass which does not cross the midline and is still palpable when abdominal wall muscles are tensed | - | gastroenterology | haemorrhagic pancreatitis | ecchymosis of inguinal ligament (blood tracks retroperitoneally) | - | ear crease indicating risk of heart disease (disputed) | - | cardiology | constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid insufficiency | collapse of distended neck veins in diastole | - | neurology | ulnar nerve palsy | patient required to hold paper between thumb and palm (against attempt to withdraw);ability to do so is assessed | - | -G | - | cardiology | aortic stenosis | dissociation of musical and noisy elements in ejection murmur | - | histology | basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies | - | histology | small yellow-brown foci in the spleen | - | dermatology | repeated extreme tension of extensor tendon in interphalangeal joint | thickening of skin and tissue over interphalangeal joint | - | http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?Biermer's+sign | controversial: see references | - | A neurological scale which aims to give a reliable and objective way of recording the conscious state of a person for initial as well as subsequent assessment. | The sum of Eye, Motor and Verbal responses. | - | Seen during right ventriculography in the setting of a patent ductus arteriosus, the Goetz sign refers to the negative contrast effect seen in the pulmonary artery from non-contrast enhanced blood shunting left to right from the aorta | - | Viktor Gonda, Ukrainian Neuropsychiatrist, (1889–1959) | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. | flexing then suddenly releasing the 4th toe elicits an extensor plantar response | - | obstetrics | pregnancy | softening of the vaginal part of the cervix during the first trimester | - | gastroenterology, general surgery | anatomical relationships, differentiation of fistula types | - | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. | squeezing the calf muscle elicits an extensor plantar response | - | rheumatology | Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th Ed), Robbins & Cotran | Scaling, erythematous eruption or dusky red patches over the knuckles, elbows and knees | - | Gowers' sign[3] | neurology | - | pulmonary regurgitation murmur in patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to mitral stenosis | - | surgery | retroperitoneal hemorrhage | flank ecchymosis | - | Alexander Hill Griffith, Scottish Ophthalmologist, Manchester (1858–1937) | (needed) | lid lag of the lower eyelid on upward eye movement | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grisel's syndrome | Pierre Grisel | rheumatology | non-traumatic subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint caused by inflammation of the adjacent tissues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | thoracic surgery | oesophageal perforation w/ pneumomediastinum | crepitus in sync w/ heartbeat but not respiration | - | pulmonology, radiology | pulmonary embolus with infarct | wedge shaped consolidation at periphery with base on the pleura | - | radiology, gastroenterology | line on barium meal indicating mucosal oedema associated with ulcer | - | John G. Hannington-Kiff | absent thigh adductor reflex with positive patellar reflex | - | rib deformity at the lower thorax | - | ? | paediatrics, infectious disease | mumps | (needed) | tenderness behind angle of jaw (typically before swelling is evident) | - | rheumatology | same as bouchard's nodes, but over dip joints | - | obstetrics | normal pregnancy | softening of cervical isthmus appearing between 4th and 6th weeks (usually) | - | capillary fragility | appearance of petechiae after compression of arm by bandage or blood pressure cuff | - | DH Hildreth | dermatology | Relief of pain at tumor site upon vascular occlusion of limb, with acute return of pain on reperfusion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| palliative care | impending death | - | pulmonary medicine | chronic hypoxia | clubbing of distal phalanges | - | ophthalmology | corneal reflection centred (-) or not centred (+) on pupil | - | neurology | corticospinal tract lesions | tapping distal phalanx of 3rd or 4th finger elicits flexion of same in thumb | - | hypertension, coronary artery disease, and/or diabetes | cholesterol embolus(i) of retinal artery(ies) | - | knee bent, ankle abruptly dorsiflexed, popliteal pain | - | neurology, psychiatry | lower extremity paresis | differentiates organic from non-organic etiology | - | inward movement of lower ribs during inspiration | - | surgery | pain from an obturator hernia radiating to knee | - | dermatology | precancerous facial pigmentation | - | oculomotor nerve lesion | dilated pupil on the side of an intracranial lesion due to IIIrd nerve compression | - | lesion on tip of the nose which can presage ocular herpes zoster | - | Hutchinson's teeth[4] | small, widely spaced incisors with notched biting surfaces | - | interstitial keratitis, nerve deafness, Hutchinson's teeth | - | cardiology | palmar or plantar erythematous or haemorrhagic papules | - | neurology | hyporeflexia | compares patellar reflex w/ and w/o distraction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jobe's relocation test | Christopher Jobe | orthopedics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| lack of forehead wrinkling when patient looks up with head bowed | - | electromyography test using repeated stimuli to show fatiguability in myasthenia | - | T. Duckett Jones | criteria used to diagnose rheumatic fever | - | orthopedics, rheumatology | tenosynovitis of flexor digitorum tendon | http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/TOPIC97.HTM | (1) finger held in slight flexion, (2) fusiform swelling, (3) tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath, and (4) pain with passive extension of the digit. | - | neurology, gastroenterology | Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) | ring of brownish copper deposit at corneo-scleral junction | - | trauma surgery | referred pain to L shoulder | - | surgery, urology | visible response of ureter when touched (means of identifying same) | - | radiology | - | neurology | hip and knee fully flexed, extension of knee elicits pain and/or opisthotonus | - | ophthalmology, endocrinology | Hyperthyroidism, Basedow's disease, | In fixation on a fast upwards movement there occurs a convulsive retraction of the eyelid | - | dermatology | various conditions | - | ophthalmology | granulomatous nodules at pupillary margin | - | pediatrics | - | cardiology | Korotkov described 5 sounds. Only the first (the onset of audible sound, and corresponding to systolic pressure) and the fifth (sound becomes inaudible, corresponding to diastolic pressure) are of practical clinical significance (however, see:Auscultatory gap) | - | Kussmaul breathing[5] | endocrinology | laboured deep breathing with normal or reduced frequency | - | various, including right side failure | increased jugular distension on inspiration | - | pulmonary medicine | intradermal injection of lymphatic extract from known sufferer; obsolete | - | John Lachman | orthopedic surgery | anterior cruciate ligament injury | modified anterior drawer test with knee in less flexion | - | Louis Julius Ladin, Lithuanian-American Gynecologist, (1862–1951) | obstetrics | normal pregnancy | (needed) | - | giant v-wave in seen in jugular vein | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Landau–Kleffner syndrome | William Landau, Frank Kleffner | neurology, psychiatry | aphasia | aphasia and an abnormal EEG | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| pain in sacroiliac area on sitting down on hard chair | - | neurosurgery, orthopaedic surgery | lumbar disc lesions, sciatica | better known as straight leg raise test | - | obstetrics | determination of fetal lie | - | - | patient clenches fist over chest when asked to describe pain | - | neurology | electrical sensation down the back and into limbs with neck flexion or extension | - | Carl von Liebermeister | internal medicine | For each fever degree Celsius an increase of 8 beats per minute in cardiac frequency | - | ophthalmology | type I neurofibromatosis | yellow brown hamartomata on iris | - | ? | internal medicine | (needed) | tenderness on percussion of antero-medial tibia | - | cardiology | eMedicine | cotton-wool exudate in the retina | - | psychiatry | malingering due to simulated deafness | automatic rise in the loudness of a person's voice when they speak in noise | - | ? | internal medicine | deep venous thrombosis | (needed) | increased pain along vein with Valsalva; proximal pressure prevents this | - | vascular medicine | (needed) | immediate pain on inflating blood pressure cuff around calf | - | John M. MacDonald | psychiatry | enuresis, firesetting and animal torture predictive of future criminal behaviour | - | neurology, neurosurgery | hydrocephalus, brain abscess | resonance on percussion of fronto-temporo-parietal suture | - | feeling of moving foreign body under the skin | - | infectious disease | intradermal protein derivative – diameter of wheal evaluated | - | ophthalmology, neurology | severe retinal disease, lesion of optic nerve anterior to chiasm | Relative pupil dilatation when light swings to the affected side | - | George Bushar Markle IV | surgery | (needed) | RLQ pain on dropping from standing on toes to heels | - | surgery | appendicitis | (needed) | grimace of the patient upon a right sided (and not left) sweep. | - | ? | (needed) | diastolic blood pressure drop of >15mmHg on raising arm | - | surgery | 2/3 of the way lateral on a line from umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine (corresponds to junction of vermiform appendix and cecum) | - | M.V. McConnell | echocardiography finding of akinesia of the mid-free wall of the right ventricle but normal motion of the apex | - | orthopaedics | meniscal tear | knee extended, valgus stress applied, leg rotated produces palpable or audible click | - | J. Lerman, J.H. Means | systolic heart murmur similar to pericardial rub | - | R.A. Mees | arsenic or heavy metal poisoning | transverse white lines across the nails | - | Joe Vincent Meigs | Meigs' syndrome: the history of the eponym | Triad of ascites, hydrothorax and benign ovarian tumor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Karl Hermann Mellinghoff, German Endocrinologist, (1908–1967) | cutaneous decompression sickness | coughing or Valsalve accentuates the venous markings of an erysipeloid rash | - | William C. Mentzer Jr. | hematology | differentiates iron deficiency anaemia from beta thalassaemia | - | neurology | Improvement in cognitive function after withdrawal of CSF during lumbar puncture used to confirm diagnosis | - | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. | forceful plantar flexion of the ankle elicits an extensor plantar response | - | inability to maintain convergence of eyes | - | paired transverse white lines on nail bed | - | Jacob D. Mulder | transverse compression of the forefoot elicits pain in the distribution of the affected nerve | - | patient attempts to breathe in with nose and mouth closed (opposite of Valsalva maneuver) | - | - | perinephric abscess | punch tenderness at the costovertebral angle | - | surgery | hesitation on inspiration while gall bladder is palpated | - | neurology | inability to resist blinking when glabella is percussed | - | - | administration of morphine and neostigmine reproduces sharp LUQ pain; not in general use | - | dermatology | shearing of epidermis under pressure | - | ? | https://mskmedicine.com/clinical_skills/obriens-test/ | Assesses the integrity of the glenoid labrum and AC joint | - | D. O'Donoghue | orthopaedics, sports medicine | knee injury | coincidence of anterior cruciate injury, medial collateral injury and meniscal tear | - | aortic arch aneurysm | caudal movement of trachea with systole | - | pyramidal tract lesions | irritation downward of the medial tibia causes dorsiflexion of big toe | - | palpable clunk on moving hip | - | positive deflection at QRS-ST junction | - | various, including SBE and SLE | painful red lesions on the pads of the fingers and plantar surfaces | - | falsely elevated bp reading due to incompressibility of calcified vessels | - | Antonio Palla | Pulmonary embolism at Merck Manual online | enlarged right descending pulmonary artery on chest x-ray | - | lines of confluent petechiae in skin creases (associated with Scarlatiniform rash and strep pyogenes) | - | external rotation of the hip causes pain | - | C.N. Peabody | calf muscle spasm when raising the affected leg with the foot extended | - | thoracic surgery | arms elevated over head elicits facial plethora, distended neck veins and inspiratory stridor | - | rheumatology, hand surgery | 30–60 seconds of full forced flexion of wrist elicits symptoms | - | normal pregnancy | palpable lateral bulge at tubal-uterine junction; present at 7–8 weeks | - | onycholysis especially of ring and little fingers | - | Gerald H. Pratt | pain elicited by compression of posterior calf | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prehn's sign | Douglas T. Prehn | urology | testicular torsion | no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle suggests testicular torsion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| bilateral jugular vein pressure during lumbar puncture causes sudden rise in CSF pressure | - | visible pulsation in ungual capillary bed | - | B.M. Reynolds | Charcot's triad + hypotension and altered mental state | - | bruit over globe of the eye | - | Rigler's sign[6] | radiology, abdominal surgery | gas outlines both mucosal and serosal surfaces of bowel | - | ENT, neurology, audiometry | comparison of air conduction to bone conduction differentiates sensorineural from conductive deafness | - | painless unilateral periorbital swelling | - | inability to maintain posture with eyes closed | - | ? | vascular medicine | (needed) | Warm, stiff feeling of skin when affected leg is pinched | - | clinical chemistry | - | Advances in Pediatrics. JP Medical Ltd. p. 1432. . | tenderness in the right lower quadrant increases when the patient moves from the supine position to a recumbent posture on the left side | - | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. | percussion of the tips of the toes causes exaggerated flexion of the toes | - id="Rotch sign" | Rotch sign | cardiology | Rotch sign. (n.d.) Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing. (2012). Retrieved September 6, 2023 from https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rotch+sign | percussion dullness in the fifth intercostal space on the right | - | various, including SBE and systemic vasculitides | retinal haemorrhages with pale centres seen at fundoscopy | - | palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ | - | capillary fragility | petechiae seen after compression by tourniquet | - | scarring of the dorsum of one hand (contact with incisors when purging) | - | deflection of retinal veins at right angle junctions due to elongation or shortening of connected arterioles | - | Max Schaeffer | pyramidal tract lesions | squeezing the Achilles tendon elicits an extensor plantar response | - | identifies clubbing of distal phalanges | - | Walter Schiller | affected areas of cervix fail to stain brown with iodine solution | - | pernicious anaemia, coeliac disease, other malabsorption disorders | B12 radioassay; rare | - | quantifies lacrimal secretion | - | physiatry, rheumatology, orthopaedics | various disorders of lumbar vertebrae | quantifies lumbar flexion | - | surgery | appendicitis | area of hyperaesthesia over the right lower abdomen | - | John D. Shone | supravalvular mitral ring, parachute deformity of mitral valve, subaortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta | - | malignant hypertension | hyperpigmented streaks parallel to choroidal vessels | - | squeezing of calf fails to produce plantar flexion | - | Harry M. Sims, Max Huhner | - | Sister Mary Joseph nodule[7] | Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey (born Julia Dempsey) | various abdominal malignancies | palpable lymph node in the umbilicus | - | axial compression and rotation of cervical spine to the side of symptoms causes pain | - | - | paediatric cardiology | systolic ejection sound ; vibratory/musical; best heard at left lower sternal border | - | ? | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–18. | sudden abduction and release of little toe causes extensor plantar response | - | neuropsychology | various, including ADHD and schizophrenia | reaction times for incongruent stimuli (e.g., word red printed in blue) | - | neurology | spastic pareses of the lower extremity | failure of abrupt passive flexion of the hip and/or knee to elicit dorsiflexion and adduction of foot | - | Carel Hendrik Leo Herman ten Horn | surgery | pain in the right iliac fossa after traction of spermatic cord | - | R. Terry | white 'ground glass' nails;absence of lunula | - | Orthopaedics | Atlas of Signs in Musculoskeletal Radiology | Gap between the scaphoid and lunate bones on AP wrist radiograph | - | Orthopaedics | Supine patient flexes one hip whilst keeping other leg flat; back arches if flexion deformity is present | - | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. | pressure over dorsal big toe MTP joint elicits an extensor plantar response | - | neuritis, compression disorders | 'DTP' – distal tingling on percussion | - | focal weakness for as much as 48 hours after seizure | - | various | - | inferior gluteal palsy, other causes of hip abductors weakness | pelvic tilt contralateral to 'stance leg' | - | Various abdominal malignancies, especially stomach cancer | Enlargement of the left supraclavicular lymph node (=Virchow's node) | - | various malignancies, including pancreatic | spontaneous thrombosis of multiple veins, including portal circulation | - | in hypocalcaemia, occlusion of brachial artery induces carpal spasm | - | ↑ in neurological symptoms with exercise or other increase in body temperature | - | Siegfried Unterberger | neurology, ENT | vestibular lesions | patient walks in place with eyes closed;direction of rotation indicates vestibular lesion on that side | - | Various abdominal malignancies, especially stomach cancer | Enlargement of the left supraclavicular lymph node (=Troisier's sign) | - | Hypercoagulability, Hemodynamic changes (stasis, turbulence) and Endothelial injury/dysfunction | - | softening of the uterine fundus at the site of implantation at 4–5 weeks gestation | - | ' lid lag'; immobility of upper lid on downward gaze | - | epilepsy, anatomical lesions of cerebrum | short acting barbiturate injected in internal carotid; lateralizes language function | - | G. Waddell | primary care, psychiatry | chronic pain | identify non-organic sources of low back pain | - | J.P. Waddell | paediatric trauma | child pedestrian struck by motor vehicle | Head trauma, thoracic and/or abdominal trauma, femoral fracture | - | J. Suvarna Watson's water hammer pulse Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2008-04-01 | bounding forceful pulse elicited with postural manoeuvres | - | Hein Wellens | severe stenosis of LAD | characteristic ekg changes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wernicke encephalopathy | Carl Wernicke | neurology, psychiatry | thiamine deficiency | neurological symptoms caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of B-vitamin reserves, in particular thiamine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome | Carl Wernicke, Sergei Korsakoff | neurology, psychiatry | Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff syndrome | combined presence of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff syndrome | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Area of oligaemia on chest x-ray | - | 1.symptoms associated with hypoglycaemia 2. measured low serum glucose 3. relief of symptoms with administration of glucose p.o. or iv | - | dermatology | white or greyish lines on the lichen planus lesions | - | serum agglutination; obsolete(?) | - | posterior cervical chain adenopathy | - | pre-excitation on ECG | - | ? | (needed) | - | ? | (needed) | sacroiliac pain on rotation of ilium and extension of hip | - | Yergason's test | ? | orthopedic surgery | bicipital tendinitis | anterior shoulder pain with resisted supination of the forearm |
Numerous additional signs can be found for Graves disease under Graves' ophthalmopathy.