List of endemic plants of Crete explained

Crete and adjacent islands (Karpathos, Kasos, Saria, and smaller islets) are home to several dozen endemic species and subspecies of plants, together with two endemic genera, Horstrissea and Petromarula.^[1]

The World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions treats Crete and associated islands as a separate botanical country from Greece and the East Aegean Islands, although all three are politically part of the same country.

Plants are listed alphabetically by plant family.

Amaryllidaceae

- Allium bourgeaui subsp. creticum Allium circinnatum subsp. circinnatum
Allium dilatatum
Allium platakisii
Allium tardans

Apiaceae

Bupleurum gaudianum
Bupleurum kakiskalae
Chaerophyllum creticum
Chrysophae cretica
Eryngium ternatum
Ferula thyrsiflora
Ferulago thyrsiflora
Geocaryum creticum
Horstrissea – endemic genus
- Horstrissea dolinicola

Apocynaceae

Vincetoxicum creticum

Araceae

Arum idaeum
Arum purpureospathum
Biarum davisii

Aristolochiaceae

Aristolochia cretica
Bellevalia brevipedicellata
Bellevalia juliana
Bellevalia sitiaca

Asparagaceae

Muscari spreitzenhoferi
Ornithogalum creticum
Ornithogalum insulare
Prospero battagliae
Prospero depressum
Prospero hierapytnense
Prospero idaeum
Prospero minimum
Prospero rhadamanthi
Prospero talosii
Scilla cretica
Scilla cydonia
Scilla nana

Aspleniaceae

Asplenium creticum
Asplenium × khaniense (A. creticum × A. trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens)

Asteraceae

Anthemis abrotanifolia
- Anthemis abrotanifolia f. abrotanifolia
  - Anthemis abrotanifolia f. ligulata Anthemis ammanthus subsp. paleacea – Kárpathos (incl. Saria I.)
- Anthemis chia f. inornata Anthemis filicaulis
Anthemis glaberrima
Anthemis pasiphaes
- Anthemis rigida subsp. antri-neptuni Anthemis samariensis
Anthemis tomentella
Bellis longifolia
Carlina barnebiana
Carlina curetum subsp. curetum
Carlina diae
Carlina sitiensis
Carthamus rechingeri – Kárpathos
- - Centaurea argentea subsp. chionantha Centaurea argentea subsp. macrothysana Centaurea baldaccii
Centaurea idaea
Centaurea lancifolia
Centaurea poculatoris
Centaurea redempta subsp. redempta
Crepis auriculifolia
Crepis bellidifolia
- - Crepis fraasii subsp. mungieri Crepis neglecta subsp. cretica Crepis sibthorpiana
Crepis tybakiensis
- - - Crepis tybakiensis var. flexiscapa Crepis tybakiensis var. tybakiensis
Filago wagenitziana
Helichrysum doerfleri
Helichrysum heldreichii
- Hieracium schmidtii subsp. creticum Hypochaeris tenuiflora
Lactuca alpestris
Lophiolepis morinifolia
- Onopordum bracteatum subsp. creticum Phagnalon pygmaeum
Pseudopodospermum idaeum
- Ptilostemon chamaepeuce var. elegans Senecio fruticulosus
Staehelina petiolata
Tragopogon lassithicus

Boraginaceae

Alkanna sieberi
Cynoglossum sphacioticum
Myosotis solange

Brassicaceae

Alyssum idaeum
Alyssum lassiticum
Alyssum sphacioticum
Arabis cretica
Draba cretica
Erysimum candicum
- Erysimum candicum subsp. candicum
  - Erysimum candicum subsp. carpathum Erysimum creticum
Erysimum mutabile
Erysimum raulinii
Noccaea cretica
Noccaea zaffranii
Odontarrhena baldaccii
Odontarrhena fragillima
Ricotia cretica
Ricotia isatoides

Campanulaceae

Campanula aizoides
Campanula carpatha – Kárpathos, Kasos, Saria.
Campanula cretica
Campanula creutzburgii
Campanula dimitrii – Kárpathos
Campanula hierapetrae
Campanula jacquinii
Campanula pelviformis
Campanula pinatzii
Campanula saxatilis subsp. saxatilis
- Campanula spatulata subsp. filicaulis Campanula tubulosa
Petromarula
- Petromarula pinnata

Caprifoliaceae

Lomelosia albocincta
Lomelosia minoana
- - - Lomelosia minoana subsp. asterusica Lomelosia minoana subsp. minoana
Lomelosia sphaciotica
- - - Lomelosia sphaciotica subsp. decalvans Lomelosia sphaciotica subsp. sphaciotica
Valeriana sieberi

Caryophyllaceae

Bolanthus creutzburgii
- - Bufonia stricta subsp. cecconiana Cerastium brachypetalum subsp. doerfleri Cerastium deschatresii
Cerastium scaposum
- - - Cerastium scaposum subsp. peninsularum Cerastium scaposum subsp. scaposum
Cherleria wettsteinii
Dianthus candicus
- - - - Dianthus fruticosus subsp. carpathus Dianthus fruticosus subsp. creticus Dianthus fruticosus subsp. sitiacus Dianthus juniperinus subsp. aciphyllus Dianthus juniperinus subsp. bauhinorum Dianthus juniperinus subsp. heldreichii Dianthus juniperinus subsp. idaeus Dianthus juniperinus subsp. kavusicus Dianthus juniperinus subsp. pulviniformis Dianthus sphacioticus
Dianthus xylorrhizus
Petrorhagia dianthoides
Silene ammophila
- Silene ammophila subsp. ammophila
- Silene ammophila subsp. carpathae – Kárpathos
Silene antri-jovis
- Silene flavescens subsp. dictaea Silene insularis – Kárpathos
- Silene integripetala subsp. greuteri Silene pinetorum
- Silene pinetorum subsp. pinetorum
  - Silene pinetorum subsp. sphaciotica Silene sieberi
Silene variegata

Colchicaceae

Colchicum cretense

Convolvulaceae

Convolvulus argyrothamnos
Cuscuta atrans

Crassulaceae

Sedum creticum subsp. creticum – Crete and Kárpathos
- - Sedum eriocarpum subsp. spathulifolium Sedum litoreum var. creticum Sedum praesidis

Cyperaceae

Carex idaea

Euphorbiaceae

- Euphorbia myrsinites subsp. rechingeri Euphorbia sultan-hassei

Fabaceae

- Astragalus angustifolius subsp. echinoides Astragalus creticus
- Astragalus creticus subsp. creticus
  - Astragalus creticus subsp. minoicus Astragalus dolinicola
Astragalus idaeus
Astragalus nummularius subsp. nummularius
Coronilla globosa
Ebenus cretica
Lathyrus neurolobus
- Medicago arborea subsp. strasseri Onobrychis sphaciotica
Ononis verae
Trifolium phitosianum

Hypericaceae

Hypericum aciferum
Hypericum amblycalyx
- - Hypericum empetrifolium subsp. oliganthum Hypericum empetrifolium subsp. tortuosum Hypericum jovis
Hypericum kelleri
Hypericum trichocaulon

Iridaceae

Crocus oreocreticus
Crocus pumilus
Crocus ruksansii
Crocus sieberi

Lamiaceae

Clinopodium creticum
Micromeria carpatha – Kárpathos
Micromeria hispida
Micromeria sphaciotica – Kárpathos
Nepeta sphaciotica
Origanum dictamnus
Origanum × karpathicum (O. onites × O. vetteri) – Kárpathos
Origanum microphyllum
Origanum × minoanum (O. microphyllum × O. vulgare subsp. hirtum)
Origanum vetteri
Phlomis × commixta
Phlomis lanata
Phlomis pichleri
Phlomis × sieberi
Phlomis × vierhapperi
Prunella cretensis
Scutellaria hirta
Scutellaria sieberi
Sideritis syriaca subsp. syriaca
Stachys mucronata
Teucrium alpestre
Teucrium cuneifolium
Teucrium gracile
- Teucrium montbretii subsp. heliotropiifolium Thymbra calostachya

Liliaceae

- Fritillaria messanensis subsp. sphaciotica Gagea omalensis
Tulipa cretica

Linaceae

Linum caespitosum
Linum doerfleri

Orchidaceae

× Anacamptorchis salkowskiana
Cephalanthera cucullata
Ophrys × antiskariensis (O. bombyliflora × O. cretica)
Ophrys × baumanniana (O. cretica × O. sphegodes)
Ophrys × plorae (O. cretica × O. spruneri)
Ophrys × regis-minois (O. cretica × O. scolopax subsp. heldreichii)
Ophrys × vamvakiae (O. cretica × O. lutea)
Ophrys × varvarae (O. cretica × O. fusca)
× Orchinea hermaniana (Neotinea tridentata × Orchis anatolica)
Orchis sitiaca
- Orchis spitzelii subsp. nitidifolia Orchis × thriftiensis (O. anatolica × O. pauciflora)
Serapias × sitiae nothosubsp. sitiae (S. lingua × S. orientalis subsp. orientalis)
Serapias × wettsteinii nothosubsp. wettsteinii (S. bergonii × S. orientalis subsp. orientalis)