List of enacting clauses explained

An enacting clause is a short phrase that introduces the main provisions of a law enacted by a legislature. It is also called enacting formula or enacting words.^[1] It usually declares the source from which the law claims to derive its authority.

In many countries, an enacting formula is not considered necessary and is simply omitted. When it is required, a common tactic by a bill's opponent is a motion to "strike the enacting clause", which would make the law unenforceable.

The simplest enacting clauses merely cite the legislature by which the law has been adopted; for example the enacting clause used in Australia since 1990 is "The Parliament of Australia enacts".

National legislatures

Antigua and Barbuda

Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda

^[2]

Argentina

Congress of Argentina

Australia

Parliament of Australia

^[3]

For constitutional amendments passed at a referendum:

1973 - October 1990:

1901–1972:

Austria

National Council

^[4]

Bangladesh

Jatiya Sangsad

^[5]

Barbados

Parliament of Barbados

1969: ^[6] 2020:^[7] For bills amending the constitution:^[8]

The Bahamas

Parliament of The Bahamas

^[9]

Belgium

In Belgium the enacting formula appears in the Belgian official journal (Belgisch Staatsblad/Moniteur belge) when the law is promulgated and published, but is usually thereafter not included when the law is printed in compilations, or stored in internet databases, even official ones. The enacting clause is as follows.

Belize

Parliament of Belize

Botswana

Parliament of Botswana

Brazil

National Congress of Brazil

In Brazil the presidential assent to a bill is called "sanction". After passing both Houses of Congress (the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate), the final version of the bill, duly signed by the presiding officers of both Houses, is sent to the President of the Republic. The document is still called a "proposed law", with a bill number, and with the header "The National Congress decrees:" (In Portuguese: "O Congresso Nacional decreta:"). If the President approves the bill, a different copy of the act is prepared by the Presidency of the Republic, with the official number of the Law and the date of enactment of the law, and also with the replacement of the clause "The National Congress decrees:" with the above mentioned formula "THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC: I make it known that the National Congress decrees and I sanction the following Law:". The signatures of the presiding officers of Congress are therefore not present in this version of the act. This is the version of the statute that is published in the Official Journal and that is included in the statute books. When granting his approval to a bill, the President signs both the bill sent to him by Congress and the final version of the statute with the presidential enacting formula. The signed Bill is returned to Congress by means of a presidential message; the signed statute with the presidential enacting formula is printed in the Official Journal, and the original is thereafter sent to the National Archive. Thus, in Brazil, the President is always seen signing two different documents at bill signing ceremony (the two documents are called the "autographs"): one is the text of the proposed law, the other is the final text of the statute. Technically, the first signature (on the autograph of the Bill sent by Congress) is the "sanction to the proposed law", that is, the approval of the bill, that transforms it in a Law, and the second signature (on the final version of the statute with the presidential enacting formula and a law number) is the promulgation, the announcement to the people that the Law has been adopted. While the signature of the President on the bill includes the addition of the formula "I sanction it" (in Portuguese: "Sanciono") above the signature, this is not seen in the final "promulgation" autograph of the statute. On the other hand, the promulgated statute contains not only the signature of the president, but also the countersignatures of his ministers principally charged with applying the law.

When the president vetoes a bill, and the veto is overridden, the Bill is returned by Congress to the President not for sanction (approval), but merely for promulgation. In that case, the president is expected to promulgate the bill in 48 hours. In that situation, the enacting formula that appears in the final text of the adopted statute is as follows:

Tacit sanction (i.e. implicit approval) is deemed to take place if the president fails to sign or veto a bill within the constitutionally mandated timeframe of fifteen working days from receiving the bill. Once the bill is considered implicitly sanctioned, the president is expected to promulgate the new law and the same 48-hour timeframe applies. The formula in this case is:

Should the president refuse to promulgate, or fail to promulgate in the period of 48 hours, a bill, after his veto has been overridden by Congress, then the authority to promulgate the bill passes to the President of the Senate. In that case, the formula of promulgation is:

Should the president of the Republic refuse to promulgate, or fail to promulgate in the period of 48 hours, a bill, after the bill has been implicitly sanctioned due to his failure to sign or veto it within the constitutionally mandated timeframe, then the authority to promulgate the bill passes to the President of the Senate. In that case, the formula of promulgation is:

Whenever the president adopts a provisional measure and the provisional measure is approved by Congress with changes, a normal bill is sent to the president for approval or veto, and the same formulas used for other bills are employed; once enacted, the new statute replaces the provisional measure. However, if the provisional measure adopted by the president is approved by Congress without changes, the bill does not need to be presented for approval or veto; in that case, the law that both corresponds fully to the provisional measure and replaces it is promulgated directly by the President of the Senate, with the following words:

Historical: General Assembly of the Empire of Brazil (1822-1889)

Whenever the General Assembly of the Empire (made up of a Senate and of a Chamber of Deputies) passed a bill, a decree of the General Assembly containing the articles of the approved bill was sent to the Emperor for sanction or veto. The Decree of the General Assembly began with the following formula (that did not appear in the final version of the statute, after the imperial sanction): "The General Assembly decrees:" (in Portuguese: "A Assembleia Geral decreta:"). The decree was still only a proposed law, that would become an actual law if sanctioned by the Emperor. The General Assembly sent its decree to the Emperor for sanction or veto by means of a message with the words following: "The General Assembly sends to the Emperor the enclosed decree, that it considers advantageous, and useful to the Empire, and it asks that His Imperial Majesty may be pleased to grant it His sanction" (in Portuguese: "A Assembleia Geral dirige ao Imperador o decreto incluso, que julga vantajoso e útil ao Império, e pede a Sua Majestade Imperial, se digne dar a Sua sanção"). If the Emperor decided to sanction the decree, then he sent the message of the General Assembly back to the Legislature, adding after the text of the Decree of the General Assembly the following words, together with the date and his signature: ""The Emperor consents" (in Portuguese: "O Imperador consente"). Then, the Executive branch prepared a formal document to promulgate the new law, and this document was known in the imperial period as a Charter of Law (in Portuguese: Carta de Lei). It was the chartered version of the law that was included in the statute books and that was printed and published for the knowledge of the people. Thus, the Charter of Law was the final version of the statute as adopted. It was signed by the Emperor and countersigned by his responsible Ministers, and contained an enacting formula as follows:

When the powers of the Emperor were discharged by Regents on behalf of the monarch the formula was as follows:

Canada

Parliament of Canada

^[10]

The enacting clause for money bills differs. For example, in the Appropriation Act No. 4, 2015–16, it reads as follows:

^[11]

^[12]

Chile

National Congress of Chile

Colombia

Congress of Colombia

Croatia

Hrvatski sabor

Words "Hrvatski sabor" (Croatian Parliament) are printed in uppercase as a header on all laws, thereby starting the enacting clause and symbolizing that there is no authority higher than the Parliament. This might be rooted in a popular quote from Ante Starčević in a parliamentary discussion in June 1861, as he stated that there is no-one above the parliamentary sovereignty (other than God and the people of Croatia).^[13] A brief statement follows, signed by the President of Croatia, promulgating the law, referring to his constitutional right to do so and the session of the parliament where the legislation has been passed.

Denmark

The Danish Folketing

Dominica

Parliament of Dominica

Finland

Parliament of Finland (from 1917 onwards):

• Ordinary Acts (enacted in accordance with § 72 of the Constitution):

• Acts containing a limited derogation from the Constitution (enacted in accordance with § 73 of the Constitution):

• Acts concerning the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland:

Before 1917 (examples):

Fiji

Parliament of Fiji

France

Parliament of France

Germany

Bundestag of Germany

^[14]

For acts which do not need the consent of the Bundesrat:

For acts which need the consent of the Bundesrat:

For acts which need an absolute majority and the consent of the Bundesrat:

For acts that change the Basic Law:

All laws conclude with the following formula before the place and date of signature, the signature of the Federal President and the countersignatures of the Federal Chancellor and of the Federal Ministers responsible for the subject-matter of the law:

Ghana

Parliament of Ghana

^[15]

Greece

Hellenic Parliament

Normal Lawmaking

According to the current Constitution of Greece (since March, 1986) each law is approved by the Parliament and promulgated by the President of the Republic.

Before the first amendment of the current Constitution of Greece^[16] (until March, 1986) each law had to be approved by the Parliament and then to be ratified and promulgated by the President of the Republic.

Under the presidential parliamentary Constitution of 1927 and since the Senate's formation in June, 1929, each law had to be approved by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate and then to be promulgated by the President of Republic.

• While, until Senate's formation:

• And during the Fourth National Assembly at Athens held between January, 1924 and September, 1925:

Also, during constitutional monarchy regime, under the Constitutions of 1864 (as amended in 1911 and re-enacted in 1935) and 1952, each law had to be approved by both the Parliament and the King and then promulgated by the later.

• Especially, under the Constitution of 1844, each law had to be approved by the Chamber of Deputies, the Senate and the King and then promulgated by the last.

Lawmaking under the state of emergency

In case of extremely urgent unforeseen situations, the Constitution grants the Greek government along with the President of the Republic to issue legislative acts bypassing the parliamentary approval, in order to deal with urgent issues, provided that act to be later submitted for sanction in Parliament within forty days after either its promulgation or the parliamentary session convocation, in order to acquire legal power.

Under the previous presidential parliamentary Constitutions, Emergency laws and legislative decrees were enacted by the following clause:

• Especially, during Second Hellenic Republic period, emergency laws and legislative decrees were enacted by the following clause:

During the Kingdom of Greece period, emergency laws and legislative decrees were enacted by the following clause:

• Especially, under 1952 Constitution, the legislative decrees were promulgated only during the absence of Parliament-in-session with consent of a special parliamentary committee, consisted of a fixed by law number of MPs appointed in advance at the start of each session.

Constitutional and Parliament Regulation amendments

Currently, any amendment of the Constitution Law must be published in the official government gazette of the Hellenic Republic, directly ordered by the Speaker of the Parliament.

Likewise, any amendment of the Work Regulation Law of the Hellenic Parliament must be published in the official government gazette of the Hellenic Republic, directly ordered by the Speaker of the Parliament.

Presidential and Royal decrees

The President of Hellenic Republic is the sole authorized state official to promulgate decrees, according to the current Constitution. In case of President's absence/incapacity/retirement, the decrees are legally promulgated by the President of the Parliament, performing as Acting President of the Republic.

• Especially, during Second Hellenic Republic period:

During the Kingdom of Greece period, the clause of the equivalent Royal decrees, issued only by the King or the authorized regent, was:

Other Acts

Acts issued by the Cabinet, being inferior than decrees, enact secondary legislation. Distinctively, various Constituent Acts (i.e. constitutional amendentments without parliamentary approval), occasionally issued for politically transitional periods (and sometimes be submitted for sanction by the next National Assembly, in order to be formal constitutional amendements), are also enacted like:

Grenada

Parliament of Grenada

1967−1979, 1985−present:

Governor-General and the Advisory Council of Grenada:

1983−1984:^[17]

People's Revolutionary Government

1979−1983:^[18]

Guyana

Parliament of Guyana

India

Parliament of India

^[19]

Indonesia

Indonesian laws have a preamble stating the aims of the law and the clauses of the Constitution relevant to the law. The enacting clause is both before and after the preamble.

People's Representative Council

^[20]

Before constitutional amendments in year 2000, the phrase after the preamble was as follows:

^[21]

Ireland

The Oireachtas (parliament of the Republic of Ireland):

Standard:

Since 1937:^[22]

1922-1937:^[23]

For an act with a preamble:

Since 1937:

1922-1937:

Israel

Currently, Israel does not use enacting clauses in its final laws, but a pseudo-enacting clause is usually printed at the beginning of bills:

However, the Law and Administration Ordinance did have an enacting clause:

Italy

Italian laws are published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale (the official gazette) with the following enacting clauses:

Standard:

Constitutional amendments passed by a two-thirds majority in each House:

Constitutional amendments passed by a majority of the entire membership in each House of Parliament and approved by referendum:

.

Constitutional amendments passed by a majority of the entire membership in each House of Parliament and on which a referendum has not been requested:

After the text of the law itself, the enacting clause continues:

After this concluding clause, the place and date of signature follow. Then the signature of the President of the Republic (printed in capital letters when the law is published in the Gazette) and the counter-signatures of the President of the Council of Ministers (the Prime Minister) and of the keeper of the State Seal (an office held by the Minister of Justice). Those counter-signatures are printed in normal letters when the law is published in the Gazette. The keeper of the State seal counter-signs the law when sealing it.

Thereafter, this enacting clause is usually omitted when the law is reprinted in internet compilations or legal books.

Jamaica

Parliament of Jamaica

^[24]

Kiribati

Maneaba ni Maungatabu

Lebanon

Parliament of Lebanon

Malaysia

Parliament of Malaysia

Since 1998:

Before 1998:

Special laws invoking Article 149 of the Constitution of Malaysia:

Special laws invoking Article 149 of the Constitution of Malaysia (Before 1998):

Malta

Parliament of Malta

Since 1974:

Mexico

After approving laws, Congress issues them as a decree in the manner stablished by Article 70 of the Constitution. Congress then sends the decree to the President for him to assent or veto the law. If the President grants assent to the law, he then issues a decree formally enacting it. Decrees are published in the Official Journal of the Federation (Diario Oficial de la Federación).

Congress of the Union

Moldova

Parliament of the Republic of Moldova

Namibia

Parliament of the Republic of Namibia

Nauru

Parliament of Nauru

Netherlands

Estates-General of the Netherlands

The text in Dutch is:

New Zealand

Parliament of New Zealand

^[25]

1986–1999:^[26]

Before 1986:^[27]

Nigeria

Nigerian National Assembly

^[28]

Pakistan

Parliament of Pakistan

Papua New Guinea

National Parliament of Papua New Guinea

Paraguay

Congress of Paraguay

Philippines

Congress of the Philippines

1987 Constitution

Bills:

Joint Resolutions:

Peru

Congress of Peru

Portugal

The enacting clauses used in Portuguese legislation are determined by the Lei formulária (Formulary Law, Law no. 74/98).

President of the Republic

• General presidential decrees

• Ratification of an international treaty

Assembly of the Republic

• Laws

• Resolutions

Government

• Executive laws

OROR

All laws conclude with the date of approval by the respective legislative body and the signature of its presiding member (either the President of the Assembly of the Republic or the Prime Minister), followed by the formula of promulgation by the President of the Republic. This formula of promulgation is very simple, consisting only of the clause "Let it be published" (in Portuguese: Publique-se), followed by the date of promulgation by the President of the Republic and the presidential signature (the name of the Head of State is printed in capital letters when the law is published). After the signature of the President, the counter-signature of the Prime Minister follows (preceded by the date of the counter-signature), and the name of the Prime Minister is printed in normal letters when the law is published. No law can enter into force before being officially published in the Diário da República (Diary of the Republic).

Romania

Parliament of Romania

1965–1989:

1948–1965:

1881–1947:

South Africa

Parliament of South Africa

Since 27 April 1994: or ^[29]

The Constitution of South Africa, not being a conventional Act of Parliament, does not contain an enacting formula per se. Its preamble does, however, contain the words In the context, "we" refers to the people of South Africa.

3 September 1984 to 27 April 1994:

For "general affairs" acts:

For "own affairs" acts:

1 January 1981 to 3 September 1984:

31 May 1961 to 1 January 1981:

For acts amending the entrenched clauses of the Constitution of 1961:

31 May 1910 to 31 May 1961:

For acts amending the entrenched clauses of the South Africa Act 1909:

Spain

Cortes Generales of Spain

For Constitutions:

For organic acts:

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Parliament of Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia

Parliament of Saint Lucia

1979−1988:^[30]

Since 1988:^[31]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

^[32]

Singapore

Parliament of Singapore

^[33]

Solomon Islands

National Parliament of the Solomon Islands

^[34]

Swaziland

Parliament of Swaziland

Sweden

Riksdag

Switzerland

Swiss Federal Assembly

^[35]

Trinidad and Tobago

Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago

Since 1976:

1962−1976:

Thailand

National Assembly of Thailand

^[36]

Constitution:

Act:

Royal Degree & Emergency Decree:

Royal Command:

Tuvalu

Parliament of Tuvalu

Uganda

Parliament of Uganda

^[37]

United Kingdom

Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

^[38]

For money bills:

^[39]

Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949:

^[40]

An enacting clause may be preceded by an explanatory preamble of "whereas" clauses, e.g. for the Chequers Estate Act 1917.^[41]

Until the 19th century each later section of an act repeated an abbreviated version of the formula used in the first section, typically "and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid". The first revised edition of the statutes omitted these formulae to save space, while printing the primary enacting clause. The Statute Law Revision Act 1888 deleted these formulae from many unrepealed acts.

United States

Congress of the United States

Bills:

Joint Resolutions (have the same effect as bills):

Vanuatu

Parliament of Vanuatu

Venezuela

National Assembly of Venezuela

Zambia

Parliament of Zambia

^[42]

Zimbabwe

Parliament of Zimbabwe

^[43]

Former legislatures

• Allied Control Council

• Congress of the Confederate States

• Acts of the Governor General of India in Council:

• Parliament of Rhodesia

• Legislature of the Government of the Ryukyu Islands

Territorial legislatures

Hong Kong

• Legislative Council of Hong Kong
  • Before 1997:
    • "BE it enacted by the Governor of Hongkong, with the advice of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows:-"^[44]
    • "BE it enacted by the Governor of Hong Kong, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows:-
    • "Enacted by the Governor of Hong Kong, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof."^[45]
  • 1997–1998: "Enacted by the Provisional Legislative Council."
  • After 1998: "Enacted by the Legislative Council." ^[46]
  • After 1998 (with preamble): "NOW, THEREFORE, it is enacted by the Legislative Council as follows—" ^[47]

Macau

• Legislative Assembly of Macau:
  • Before 1999:^[48]
    • "The Legislative Assembly decrees, pursuant to the terms of article X of the Organic Statute of Macau, that the following shall be enforced as law:-"
    • Chinese: "立法會根據澳門憲章，第X條之規定，命令制訂在澳門地區具有法律效力條文如下："
    • Portuguese: "A Assembleia Legislativa decreta, nos termos do artigo X do Estatuto Orgânico de Macau, para valer como lei no território de Macau, o seguinte:"
  • After 1999:^[49]
    • "The Legislative Assembly decrees, pursuant to the terms of article 71, paragraph 1) of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region, that the following shall be enforced as law:-"
    • Chinese: "立法會根據《澳門特別行政區基本法》第七十一條(一)項，制定本法律。"
    • Portuguese: "A Assembleia Legislativa decreta, nos termos da alínea 1) do artigo 71.º da Lei Básica da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau, para valer como lei, o seguinte: -"
• Chief Executive of Macau (Administrative regulations):
  • "The Chief Executive, after consulting the Executive Council, decrees, pursuant to the terms of article 50, paragraph 5) of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region, enacts this independent/supplementary administrative regulation:-"
  • Chinese: "行政長官根據《澳門特別行政區基本法》第五十條（五）項，經徵詢行政會的意見，制定本獨立行政法規（或補充性行政法規）。"
  • Portuguese: "O Chefe do Executivo, depois de ouvido o Conselho Executivo, decreta, nos termos da alínea 5) do artigo 50.º da Lei Básica da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau, para valer como regulamento administrativo independente (ou regulamento administrativo complementar, conforme o caso), o seguinte:"
• Governor of Macau (Decree-laws):
  • "The Governor - decrees, under the terms of article X of the Organic Statute of Macau, to be valid as law in the territory of Macau, the following:"
  • Chinese: "總督根據澳門憲章，第X條之規定，命令制訂在澳門地區具有法律效力條文如下："
  • Portuguese: "O Governador - decreta, nos termos do artigo X do Estatuto Orgânico de Macau, para valer como lei no território de Macau, o seguinte:"

British crown dependencies

• Tynwald of the Isle of Man: "BE IT ENACTED by the King's [Queen's] Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Council and Keys in Tynwald assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows: - "^[50]
• States of Jersey: "THE STATES, subject to the sanction of His [Her] Most Excellent Majesty in Council, have adopted the following Law  - " (French: "LES ETATS, moyennant la sanction de Sa Très Excellente Majesté en Conseil, ont adopté la Loi suivante –")^[51]
• Bailiwick-wide laws: "THE STATES, in pursuance of their Resolution[s] of DATE, have approved the following provisions which, subject to the Sanction of His [Her] Most Excellent Majesty in Council, shall have force of law in the Bailiwick of Guernsey."^[52]
• States of Guernsey: "THE STATES, in pursuance of their Resolution[s] of DATE, have approved the following provisions which, subject to the Sanction of His [Her] Most Excellent Majesty in Council, shall have force of law in the Island[s] of Guernsey,[Alderney],[Herm and Jethou]."^[53]
• States of Alderney: "THE STATES OF ALDERNEY, in pursuance of their Resolution[s] of DATE, have approved the following provisions which, subject to the Sanction of His [Her] Most Excellent Majesty in Council, shall have force of law in the Island of Alderney."^[54]
• Chief Pleas of Sark: "THE CHIEF PLEAS OF SARK, in pursuance of their Resolution[s] of DATE, have approved the following provisions which, subject to the Sanction of His [Her] Most Excellent Majesty in Council, shall have force of law in Sark."^[55]

British overseas territories

• Anguilla House of Assembly: "ENACTED by the Legislature of Anguilla"
• Ascension Island Council: "Enacted by the Governor of Ascension after consultation with the Island Council of Ascension."
• Parliament of Bermuda: "Be it enacted by The King's [Queen's] Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and the House of Assembly of Bermuda, and by the authority of the same, as follows:-"
• House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands: "ENACTED by the Legislature of the Virgin Islands as follows:-"
• Legislative Assembly of the Cayman Islands: "ENACTED by the Legislature of the Cayman Islands."
• Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands: "ENACTED by the Legislature of the Falkland Islands ⎯"
• Gibraltar Parliament: "ENACTED by the Legislature of Gibraltar:-"
• Legislative Assembly of Montserrat: "Be it enacted by The King's [Queen's] Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of Montserrat, and by the authority of the same as follows:–".^[56]
• Pitcairn Island Council: "Enacted by the Governor of the Islands of Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno"
• Legislative Council of Saint Helena:"Enacted by the Governor of St Helena with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council of St Helena."^[57]
• Administrator of the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia: "BE it enacted by the Administrator of the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia as follows:-"
• Turks and Caicos Islands House of Assembly: "ENACTED by the Legislature of the Turks and Caicos Islands"

Subnational legislatures

Australia

• Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly

"The Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory enacts as follows:"

• Parliament of New South Wales

"The Legislature of New South Wales enacts:"

• Northern Territory Legislative Assembly

"The Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory enacts as follows:"

• Parliament of Queensland

"The Parliament of Queensland enacts–"

• • Before 1922: "BE it enacted by the King's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly of Queensland in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows."
  • Before 1993: "BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's [King's] Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Queensland Legislative Assembly in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows."
• Parliament of South Australia

"The Parliament of South Australia enacts as follows:"

• Parliament of Tasmania

"Be it enacted by His [Her] Excellency the Governor of Tasmania, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and House of Assembly, in Parliament assembled, as follows:"

• Parliament of Victoria

"The Parliament of Victoria enacts:"

• Parliament of Western Australia

"The Parliament of Western Australia enacts as follows:"

Canada

• Legislative Assembly of Alberta: "HIS [HER] MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, enacts as follows:"^[58]
• Legislative Assembly of British Columbia: "HIS [HER] MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of British Columbia, enacts as follows:"^[59]
• Legislative Assembly of Manitoba: "HIS [HER] MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, enacts as follows:"^[60]
• Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick: "HIS [HER] Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, enacts as follows:" (French: "Sa Majesté, sur l'avis et du consentement de l'Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick, décrète:")^[61]
• Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly: "Be it enacted by the Lieutenant-Governor and House of Assembly in Legislative Session convened, as follows:"^[62]
• Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories: "The Commissioner of the Northwest Territories, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly, enacts as follows:"^[63]
• Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia: "Be it enacted by the Governor and Assembly as follows:"^[64]
• Legislative Assembly of Nunavut: "The Commissioner of Nunavut, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly, enacts as follows:"^[65]
• Legislative Assembly of Ontario: "HIS [HER] Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows:"^[66]
• Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island: "BE IT ENACTED by the Lieutenant Governor and the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Prince Edward Island as follows:"^[67]
• National Assembly of Quebec: "The Parliament of Québec enacts as follows:" (French: "Le Parlement du Québec décrète ce qui suit:")^[68]
• Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan: "HIS [HER] MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, enacts as follows:"^[69]
• Yukon Legislative Assembly: "The Commissioner of Yukon, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly, enacts as follows:"^[70]

New Zealand

Provincial councils (abolished in 1876)

• Canterbury Provincial Council: "Be it enacted by the Superintendent of the Province of Canterbury, by and with the advice and consent of the Provincial Council thereof, as follows:—"

Philippines

Sangguniang Panlalawigan

• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Aklan: "BE IT ENACTED by the Honorable Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Aklan that:"^[71]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Bataan: "BE IT ENACTED by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Bataan;"^[72]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Bohol: "Be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of the Province of Bohol in session duly assembled –"^[73]
  • Resolutions: "BE IT RESOLVED, as it is hereby resolved by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of the Province of Bohol in session duly assembled –"^[74]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Bukidnon: "BE IT ORDAINED by the Honorable Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Province of Bukidnon, this [day] of [month], in the Year of Our Lord, [year]:"^[75]
  • Alternative: "BE IT ORDAINED, by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Bukidnon, this [day] of [month], in the Year of Our Lord, [year], that:"^[76]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Bulacan: "Be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled:"^[77]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Cagayan: "NOW THEREFORE, be it resolved by this Body in session assembled to enact:"^[78]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Camarines Norte: "BE IT ORDAINED by the Honorable Sangguniang Panlalawigan that:"^[79]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Cavite: "Now therefore, be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled that:"^[80]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Cebu: "The Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Cebu, hereby ORDAINS, that:"^[81]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Compostela Valley: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Compostela Valley Province, in Session Assembled that:"^[82]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Cotabato: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Cotabato in a regular session assembled, THAT:"^[83]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Eastern Samar: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in its regular session duly assembled at the SP Session Hall, Legislative Building, Borongan, Eastern Samar on [date]."^[84]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Ilocos Norte: "NOW, THEREFORE, Be it Ordained, that:"^[85]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Iloilo: "BE IT RESOLVED, as it is hereby Resolved, by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan ng Iloilo to enact the following provincial ordinance:"^[86]
  • Alternative: "BE IT ORDAINED, as it is hereby Ordained, by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled, that:"^[87]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Isabela: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Isabela in its regular session duly assembled:"^[88]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Leyte: "BE IT ORDAINED by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled,"^[89]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Misamis Occidental: "Be it ordained, by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Misamis Occidental in Session that:"^[90]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Northern Samar: "BE IT ORDAINED by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled:"^[91]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Nueva Vizcaya: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled that:"^[92]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Pampanga: "BE IT ORDAINED BY THE SANGGUNIANG PANLALAWIGAN OF PAMPANGA, in session assembled:"^[93]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Pangasinan: "Be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Pangasinan in session assembled:"^[94]
  • Resolutions: "RESOLVED, by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled"^[95]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Rizal: "Be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan ng Rizal in a session duly assembled that:"^[96]
  • Alternative: "Be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Rizal in Session Assembled:"^[97]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Samar: "RESOLVED, as it is hereby resolved, to enact the following:"^[98]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of South Cotabato: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of South Cotabato that:"^[99]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Southern Leyte: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled."^[100]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Zambales: "Now therefore, be it enacted, as it is hereby enacted, by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Zambales in a session herein assembled, by virtue of the powers vested in it by law, that:"^[101]
  • Alternative: "BE IT ORDAINED by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Zambales in session assembled that –"^[102]
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Zamboanga del Norte: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Zamboanga del Norte in session assembled"^[103]

Other legislatures

• Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao Regional Legislative Assembly: "Be it enacted by the Regional Assembly in session assembled."^[104]
• Metro Manila Council: "NOW, THEREFORE, pursuant to Section 6(d) of RA 7924, this Regulation is hereby adopted and promulgated by the Metro Manila Council, that:"^[105]
  • Alternative: "NOW, THEREFORE, be it enacted by the Metro Manila Council, that:"^[106]
  • Ordinances: "NOW THEREFORE, be it ordained by the Metro Manila Council pursuant to Section 4 of Executive Order No. 392 that:"^[107]

Saint Kitts and Nevis

• Nevis Island Assembly

"BE IT ENACTED by the King's [Queen's] Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Nevis Island Assembly and by the authority of the same, as follows:–"^[108]

United Kingdom

Devolved institutions

• Northern Ireland Assembly: "BE IT ENACTED by being passed by the Northern Ireland Assembly and assented to by His [Her] Majesty as follows:"^[109]
• Scottish Parliament: Acts of the Scottish Parliament do not begin with a conventional enacting clause. Instead they begin with a phrase that reads: "The Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament was passed by the Parliament on [Date] and received Royal Assent on [Date]"^[110]
• Senedd (since 2020):

Acts in the English language: "Having been passed by Senedd Cymru and having received the assent of His [Her] Majesty, it is enacted as follows:-"^[111]

Acts in the Welsh language: "Gan ei fod wedi ei basio gan Senedd Cymru ac wedi derbyn cydsyniad Ei Fawrhydi [Ei Mawrhydi], deddfir fel a ganlyn:-"

• National Assembly for Wales (2006–2020):

Acts in the English language: "Having been passed by the National Assembly for Wales and having received the assent of Her Majesty, it is enacted as follows:—"^[112]

Acts in the Welsh language: "Gan ei fod wedi ei basio gan Gynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru a chael cysyniad Ei Mawrhydi, deddfir fel a ganlyn:—"

Measures in the English language: "This Measure, passed by the National Assembly for Wales on [''Date''] and approved by Her Majesty in Council on [''Date''], enacts the following provisions:—"^[113]

Measures in the Welsh language: "Mae'r Mesur hwn, a basiwyd gan Gynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru ar [''Dyddiad''] ac a gymeradwywyd gan Ei Mawrhydi yn Ei Chyngor ar [''Dyddiad''], yn deddfu'r darpariaethau a ganlyn:—"

Former legislatures

• Parliament of Northern Ireland (1921–1972): "BE it enacted by the Queen's [King's] most Excellent Majesty, and the Senate and the House of Commons of Northern Ireland in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:-"

United States

State legislatures

• Alabama Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of Alabama"
• Alaska Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Alaska"
• Arizona State Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Arizona,"
• Arkansas General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas."
• California State Legislature: "The People of the State of California do enact as follows:"
• Colorado General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado:"
  • For bills adopted by referendum, "Be it enacted by the People of the State of Colorado:"
• Connecticut General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Assembly convened:"
• Delaware General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Delaware"
• Florida Legislature: "Be It enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida:"
• Georgia General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia"
• Hawaii State Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Hawaii:"
• Idaho Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Idaho"
• Illinois General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly"
• Indiana General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Indiana"
• Iowa General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Iowa"
• Kansas Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas"
• Kentucky General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky"
• Louisiana Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of Louisiana."
• Maine Legislature: "Be it enacted by the People of the State of Maine as follows:"
• Maryland General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland"
• Massachusetts General Court: "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:"
• Michigan Legislature: "The People of the State of Michigan enact:"
• Minnesota Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota"
• Mississippi Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Mississippi"
• Missouri General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, as follows"
• Montana Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Montana"
• Nebraska Legislature: "Be it enacted by the people of the State of Nebraska"
• Nevada Legislature: "The People of the State of Nevada, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows"
  • For acts passed by popular initiative, "The People of the State of Nevada do enact as follows"
• New Hampshire General Court: "Be it Enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened:"
• New Jersey Legislature: "Be It Enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey:"
• New Mexico Legislature: "Be it enacted by the legislature of the state of New Mexico"
• New York Legislature: "The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows,"
• North Carolina General Assembly: "The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts:"
• North Dakota Legislative Assembly: "Be it enacted by the Legislative Assembly of North Dakota"
• Ohio General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the general assembly of the state of Ohio" (sic)
• Oklahoma Legislature: "Be it enacted By the People of the State of Oklahoma"
• Oregon Legislative Assembly: "Be It Enacted by the People of the State of Oregon:"
• Pennsylvania General Assembly: "The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania hereby enacts as follows:"
• Rhode Island General Assembly: "It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows:"
• South Carolina General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina:"
• South Dakota Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of South Dakota"
• Tennessee General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee"
• Texas Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Texas:"
• Utah State Legislature:"Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Utah,"
• Vermont General Assembly: "It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont:"
• Virginia General Assembly: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia"
• Washington State Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Washington:"
• West Virginia Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:"
• Wisconsin Legislature: "The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows:"
• Wyoming Legislature: "Be it Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:"

D.C. council and territorial legislatures

• District of Columbia Council: "Be it enacted by the Council of the District of Columbia,"
• Virgin Islands Legislature: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the Virgin Islands,"
• Legislature of Guam: "Be it enacted by the people of Guam"

References

• Web site: 1917 Constitution of Mexico . December 3, 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014932/http://www.ilstu.edu/class/hist263/docs/1917const.html . March 3, 2007 .
• For example: (1994) or many others under ; for an older example with a male sovereign, see (1829)
• Web site: An Act to Prohibit the Importation of Luxuries, or Articles not Necessary or of Common Use. December 3, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20071127073908/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/JK9708x1864/1f/act_to_prohibit_import_of_luxuries.pdf. November 27, 2007. dead.
• Web site: Public Law No. 26-26 . December 3, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20061101164751/http://www.guamlegislature.com/26th_Guam_Legislature/Public_Laws_26th/Public%20Law%2026-026.htm . November 1, 2006 . dead .
• Web site: Alabama Constitution. July 22, 2012.
• Web site: Alaska Constitution, Article II . July 22, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101222032055/http://ltgov.alaska.gov/treadwell/services/alaska-constitution/article-ii-96A0the-legislature.html . December 22, 2010.
• Web site: Arizona State Constitution, Article 4, Section 24. March 23, 2007.
• Web site: Arkansas State Constitution, Article 5, Section 19 . April 29, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080424034512/http://www.sos.arkansas.gov/ar-constitution/arcart5/arcart5-19.htm . April 24, 2008 . dead .
  • Web site: Colorado State Constitution . March 24, 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070803205616/http://198.187.128.12/colorado/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=fs-main.htm&2.0 . August 3, 2007 .
• Web site: Connecticut State Constitution . March 25, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070306072536/http://www.sots.ct.gov/RegisterManual/SectionI/ctconstit.htm . March 6, 2007 . dead .
• Web site: AN ACT TO AMEND CHAPTER 9, TITLE 29, DELAWARE CODE RELATING TO THE PUNISHMENT FOR ALTERING, DEFACING OR CONCEALING BILLS OR ACTS. July 21, 2012.
• Web site: Florida State Constitution, Article III, Section 6. July 21, 2012.
• Web site: HB 24. July 21, 2012. Georgia General Assembly.
• Web site: Hawai'i State Constitution - Article 3 . April 13, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060710185747/http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessioncurrent/bills/hb1982_.htm . July 10, 2006 . dead .
• Web site: Idaho Constitution, Article III, Section 1. July 21, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120507174110/http://legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/IC/ArtIIISect1.htm. May 7, 2012. dead.
• Web site: Illinois Legislative Glossary. Illinois General Assembly. October 10, 2007.
• Web site: Article Four of the Indiana State Constitution. September 5, 2007.
• Web site: Constitution of Iowa, Article III, Section 1. July 21, 2012.
• Web site: Kansas Constitution, Article Two, Section 20 . July 21, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120728184459/http://www.kslib.info/government-information/kansas-information/kansas-constitution/article-two-legislative.html . 2012-07-28 . dead.
• Web site: Section 62 of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission. February 20, 2010.
• Web site: Louisiana Constitution of 1974, Article III, Section 14 . July 21, 2012.
• Web site: Maine State Constitution . March 25, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103003/http://janus.state.me.us/legis/const/Constitution2005-04.htm . 2007-09-29 . dead.
• Web site: Maryland Constitution, Article III, Section 19. July 21, 2012.
• Web site: Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Part the Second, Chapter VI, Article VIII. January 6, 2011.
• Web site: Constitution of the State of Michigan of 1963, as amended.. September 1, 2007.
• Web site: Minnesota State Constitution, Article IV. July 22, 2012.
• Web site: Constitution of the State of Mississippi. July 22, 2012.
• Web site: Missouri Constitution, Article III, Section 21. July 22, 2012.
• Web site: Montana Code Annotated Section 5-4-101 . July 22, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120725002634/http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/mca/5/4/5-4-101.htm . 2012-07-25 . dead.
• Web site: Nebraska Constitution Article III-13. July 22, 2012.
• Web site: Nevada Constitution, Article 4, Section 23. July 22, 2012.
• Web site: New Hampshire State Constitution. March 25, 2007.
• Web site: New Jersey State Constitution . December 29, 2005 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090630013226/http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/lawsconstitution/constitution.asp . June 30, 2009 .
• Web site: New Mexico Constitution, Article IV, Section 15 . July 22, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120712045511/http://conwaygreene.com/nmsu/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=main-h.htm&2.0 . July 12, 2012.
• Web site: New York State Constitution, Article III §13 . The Constitution of the State of New York . January 25, 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060206163216/http://www.dos.state.ny.us/info/pdfs/cons2004.pdf . February 6, 2006 .
• Web site: North Carolina State Constitution, Article II. December 19, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20120521170318/http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Legislation/constitution/article2.html. May 21, 2012. dead.
• Web site: North Dakota 2011 Special Session Laws, Chapter 582. PDF. July 22, 2012.
• Web site: Constitution Online. Ohio Constitution of 1851. December 29, 2005.
• Web site: Oklahoma Constitution, Article 5 . DOC . July 22, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130411213914/http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/OKStatutes/CompleteTitles/oc5.doc . 2013-04-11 . dead.
• Web site: Oregon Laws 2011, Chapter 4 . July 22, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120724193231/http://www.leg.state.or.us/11orlaws/sess0001.dir/0004.html . 2012-07-24 . dead.
• Web site: Pennsylvania Laws 2008, Act 3. July 22, 2012.
• Web site: ARTICLE VI - OF THE LEGISLATIVE POWER . The Rhode Island State Constitution . December 29, 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20051219145731/http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/gen_assembly/RiConstitution/C06.htm . December 19, 2005 . dead .
• Web site: SC Constitution Article III Legislative Department (Section 16) . The South Carolina State Constitution . Jun 6, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090331184049/http://www.scstatehouse.gov/scconstitution/a03.htm . 2009-03-31 . dead.
• Web site: South Dakota Constitution, Article 3, § 18. July 22, 2012.
• Web site: Tennessee Constitution. July 22, 2012.
• Web site: The Texas Constitution - Art 3 - Sec 29 . The Texas Constitution . December 29, 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060116125142/http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/txconst/sections/cn000300-002900.html . January 16, 2006 . dead .
• Web site: Constitution of the State of Utah . February 23, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060208050159/http://www.archives.state.ut.us/exhibits/Statehood/1896text.htm . February 8, 2006 . dead .
• Web site: The Vermont Constitution. March 25, 2007.
• M. T. S. . Effect of Omission of Enacting Clause in a Statute in Virginia . Virginia Law Review . 7 . 6 . 485–486 . 10.2307/1063223 . 1921 . 1063223 .
• Web site: Washington State Constitution . December 29, 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20051224013928/http://www1.leg.wa.gov/LawsAndAgencyRules/Constitution.htm . December 24, 2005 . dead .
• Web site: West Virginia Constitution . December 29, 2005 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151005191819/http://www.legis.state.wv.us/wvcode/wv_con.cfm . October 5, 2015 .
• Web site: Wisconsin State Constitution, Article 4, Section 17 . May 17, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20061116003121/http://my.execpc.com/~fedsoc/wi-con04.html . 2006-11-16 . dead.
• Web site: Wyoming Constitution, Section 3, Article 21. September 29, 2007.
• Web site: Careless Driving Amendment Act of 2012. July 22, 2012. Council of the District of Columbia. https://web.archive.org/web/20130731074224/http://www.dccouncil.us/files/user_uploads/related_materials/june26_cheh_carelessdriving.pdf. July 31, 2013. dead.
• Web site: An Act amendment title 12 Virgin Islands Code sections 1143 (c) (2) and 1152 (a). October 28, 2015. Legislature of the Virgin Islands.

Notes and References

1. Web site: enacting words. Oxford Reference.
2. Web site: The Procurement and Contract Administration Act, 2011. Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda. 2011. 2012-07-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20130731074147/http://laws.gov.ag/acts/2011/a2011-1.pdf. 2013-07-31. dead.
3. Web site: 2012-05-26. PDF. Parliament of Australia. Family Assistance and Other Legislation Amendment (Schoolkids Bonus Budget Measures) Bill 2012.
4. 24 April 2018. Zahlungsdienstegesetz 2018. Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich.
5. http://www.dpp.gov.bd/upload_file/gazettes/34781_50993.pdf Meteorological Act, 2018
6. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00076861/00076/16j 1969 Companies Act.
7. Web site: Appropriation Bill - 2020.
8. Web site: Anti-Terrorism (Amendment) Act - 2019.
9. Web site: INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2012. PDF. 2012. Parliament of the Bahamas.
10. Fair and Efficient Criminal Trials Act. S.C.. 2011. 16. http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Docid=5117639&file=4.
11. Appropriation Act No. 4, 2015–16. S.C.. 2015. 42. http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/hoc/Bills/421/Government/C-3/C-3_3/C-3_3.PDF.
12. Loi de crédits no 4 pour 2015-2016. S.C.. 2015. 42. http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/hoc/Bills/421/Government/C-3/C-3_3/C-3_3.PDF.
13. Gross. Mirjana. 1972-07-12. O nacionalnoj ideologiji Ante Starčevića i Eugena Kvaternika. Časopis za suvremenu povijest. hr. 4. 1. 25–46. 0590-9597.
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15. Web site: 2023-03-22. PDF. Parliament of Ghana]. Revenue Administration (Amendment) Act, 2022.
16. enacted in June, 1975
17. Book: Grenada Laws 1984 . 4 June 2022. Grenada . 1985 .
18. Web site: PEOPLE'S LAW NO. 24 OF 1981 . icrc.org . 4 June 2022.
19. Web site: THE APPROPRIATION (RAILWAYS) No. 3 BILL, 2012. Parliament of India. 2012.
20. Web site: UU 7/2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum. People's Consultative Assembly. 2017.
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22. 2018. 3. Technological Universities Act. 19 March 2018.
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33. Web site: Supplementary Supply (FY-2017) Bill.
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36. ปวีณ ณ นคร. (2543). เทคนิคการร่างกฎหมาย. กรุงเทพฯ : สวัสดิการสำนักงาน ก.พ.
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50. Web site: Debt Recovery and Enforcement Act 2011 . 2011 . July 21, 2012 . .
51. Web site: Gambling (Jersey) Law 2012 . June 15, 2012 . 4 June 2020 . .
52. Web site: The International Trade Agreements (Implementation) (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law, 2018 . 8 Nov 2017. 4 June 2020 . States of Guernsey.
53. Web site: Severe Disability Benefit and Carer's Allowance (Guernsey) (Amendment) Law, 2019. . 4 September 2020 . States of Guernsey.
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55. Web site: The Reform (Sark) (Amendment) Law, 2017. 4 June 2020.
56. The Montserrat Constitution Order 2010 (Statutory Instrument 2010/2474)
57. http://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/data/files/consultation_document.pdf
58. Alberta Health Act. S.A.. 2010. A-19.5. http://www.qp.alberta.ca/574.cfm?page=A19P5.cfm&leg_type=Acts&isbncln=9780779754809.
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71. Province of Aklan. (Promulgated: September 17, 2009). GENERAL ORDINANCE NO. 2009-005: "AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE ENVIRONMENT CODE OF AKLAN". Retrieved June 19, 2016.
72. Province of Bataan. (Promulgated: November 8, 2004). RESOLUTION NO. 151: APPROVING ORDINANCE NO. 23 – "AN ORDINANCE TO IMPLEMENT AND ENFORCE THE PROVISIONS OF R.A. 9208, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE ANTI-TRAFFICKING ACT OF 2003 AND ITS IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.". Retrieved June 19, 2016.
73. Province of Bohol. (Promulgated: August 1, 2014). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 2014-015: ENACTING THE REVISED BOHOL INVESTMENT CODE. Retrieved June 19, 2016
74. Province of Bohol. (Promulgated: October 18, 2013). RESOLUTION NO. 2013-454: REITERATING AND CONFIRMING THE DECLARATION OF A STATE OF CALAMITY IN THE ENTIRE PROVINCE OF BOHOL. Retrieved June 19, 2016
75. Province of Bukidnon. (Promulgated: January 20, 2014). Ordinance no 2012-005R (12th SP). Retrieved June 19, 2016.
76. Province of Bukidnon. (Promulgated: July 27, 2011). Ordinance No. 2011-029R(11thSP) - An ordinance mandating certain establishment in the province to install CCTV cameras or other video monitoring devices and providing penalties for the violation thereof-. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
77. Province of Bulacan. (Promulgated: February 19, 2007). ORDINANCE NO. C-004: AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE NEW PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF BULACAN. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
78. Province of Cagayan. (Promulgated: June 9, 2003). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 08-2003: AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING AND APPROVING THE PROPOSED REVISED SCHEDULE OF FAIR MARKET VALUES OF LAND AND SCHEDULE OF BASE UNIT CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES LOCATED WITHIN THE PROVINCE . Retrieved June 19, 2016.
79. Province of Camarines Norte. (Promulgated: December 15, 2011). RESOLUTION NO. 459-2011: A RESOLUTION ADOPTING APPROPRIATION ORDINANCE NO. 55-2011, AUTHORIZING THE ANNUAL BUDGET FOR CALENDAR YEAR 2012 . Retrieved June 19, 2016.
80. Province of Cavite. (Promulgated: April 10, 2012). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 007-2012: AN ORDINANCE PROHIBITING, REGULATING AND PRESCRIBING CERTAIN USES OF PLASTICS FOR GOODS AND COMMODITIES THAT END UP AS RESIDUAL WASTES AND PROMOTING THE USE OF ECO BAGS AND OTHER ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY PRACTICES AS AN ALTERNATIVE, AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION THEREOF. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
81. Province of Cebu. (Promulgated: March 16, 2015). ORDINANCE NO. 2015-04: A PROVINCE CODE PURSUING A PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) APPROACH TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT, PROVIDING FOR THE PROCEDURE FOR SELECTING THE PRIVATE SECTOR PROPONENT, ADOPTING A CONTRACT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK, AND PROVIDING APPROPRIATIONS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
82. Province of Compostela Valley. (Promulgated: January 30, 2008). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 1: "AN ORDINANCE INSTITUTIONALIZING AND STRENGTHENING PUROK ORGANIZATIONS IN ALL BARANGAYS IN THE PROVINCE OF COMPOSTELA VALLEY, DEFINING POWERS, AND FUNCTIONS THEREOF, AS WELL AS PROVIDING GUIDELINES IN THE MANNER OF CREATION AND ELECTION OF OFFICIALS THEREFOR" . Retrieved June 19, 2016.
83. Province of Cotabato. (Promulgated: October 19, 2010). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 480: AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE 2010 SCHEDULE OF FAIR MARKET VALUES OF REAL PROPERTIES AS THE BASIS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION, APPRAISAL AND ASSESSMENT OF REAL PROPERTIES LOCATED IN THE SEVENTEEN (17) MUNICIPALITIES OF THE PROVINCE OF COTABATO. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
84. Province of Eastern Samar. (Promulgated: October 19, 2009). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 02, SERIES OF 2009: AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE SCHEDULE OF FAIR MARKET VALUES FOR THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF REAL PROPERTIES IN THE PROVINCE OF EASTERN SAMAR FOR CY 2010 GENERAL REVISION OF ASSESSMENT AND PROPERTY CLASSIFICATION . Retrieved June 19, 2016.
85. Province of Ilocos Norte. (Promulgated: February 18, 2008.) PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 016-2008: AN ORDINANCE AMENDING PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 82-97, ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE GOVERNING RABIES CONTROL IN THE PROVINCE OF ILOCOS NORTE". Retrieved June 19, 2016.
86. Province of Iloilo. (Promulgated: April 21, 2015). RESOLUTION NO. 2015-146: RESOLUTION EMBODYING PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 2015-120, "SANITATION CODE OF THE PROVINCE OF ILOILO". Retrieved June 19, 2016.
87. Province of Iloilo. (Promulgated: May 22, 2007). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 2007-068: AN ORDINANCE PROTECTING AND PROMOTING ANIMAL WELFARE PURSUANT TO AND IN LINE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT 8485 OR THE ANIMAL WELFARE ACT OF 1998 . Retrieved June 19, 2016.
88. Province of Isabela. (Promulgated: March 25, 2008). ORDINANCE NO. 03, Series of 2008: AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE NEW REVISION OF THE 1999 REVISED SCHEDULE OF FAIR MARKET VALUE OF REAL PROPERTIES FOR THE THIRTY FIVE (35) MUNICIPALITIES AND THE CITY OF CAUAYAN, PROVINCE OF ISABELA . Retrieved June 19, 2016.
89. Province of Leyte. (Promulgated: August 14, 2007). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 07-04: An Ordinance Approving the General Revision No. 13 – Consisting of the Schedule of Base Market Values For Agricultural, Residential, Commercial and Industrial Lands, Buildings and Improvements Thereon, in the Province of Leyte . Retrieved June 19, 2016.
90. Province of Misamis Occidental. (Promulgated: May 16, 2003). Ordinance No. 04-03: AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL AGRICULTURE CODE. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
91. Province of Northern Samar. (Promulgated: August 1, 2008). ORDINANCE NO. 09, Series of 2008: AN ORDINANCE PRESCRIBING GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS ON THE OPERATION AND SERVICES OF INTERNET CAFÉ AND OTHER SIMILAR ESTABLISHMENTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
92. Province of Nueva Vizcaya. (Promulgated: March 19, 2012). PROVINCIAL APPROPRIATION ACT NO. 2012-01: AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE LOCAL EXPENDITURE PROGRAM OF THE PROVINCE OF NUEVA VIZCAYA FOR FISCAL YEAR 2012 AND APPROPRIATING THE AMOUNT OF SEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY SIX MILLION EIGHT HUNDRED NINETY FOUR THOUSAND FORTY NINE PESOS AND 32/100 (P786,894,089.32) . Retrieved June 20, 2016.
93. Province of Pampanga. (Promulgated: February 7, 2005). ORDINANCE NO. 2: AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE PAMPANGA INVESTMENT CODE OF 2005. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
94. Province of Pangasinan. (Promulgated: May 19, 2014). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 178-2014: AN ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING A PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OF SENIOR CITIZENS AND PERSONS WITH DISABILITY IN PANGASINAN, FURTHER AMENDING PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 74-98, "ESTABLISHING A PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OF THE ELDERLY IN PANGASINAN". Retrieved June 19, 2016.
95. Province of Pangasinan. (Promulgated: September 20, 2014). PROVINCIAL RESOLUTION NO. 450-2014: URGING THE LEAGUE OF PROVINCES TO ENCOURAGE ALL PROVINCES TO ESTABLISH THEIR RESPECTIVE PROVINCIAL OVERSEAS FOREIGN WORKERS' DESK. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
96. Province of Rizal. (Promulgated: March 24, 2014). ORDINANCE NO. 005, s. 2014: AN ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING THE YNARES AWARD FOR RESILIENT AND SELF-RELIANT YOUTH ("YNARES YOUTH"), DEFINING ITS FRAMEWORK, MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION AND APPROPRIATING THE NECESSARY FUNDS THEREFORE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
97. Province of Rizal. (Promulgated: December 12, 2011). APPROPRIATION ORDINANCE NO. 018, S. 2011: AN ORDINANCE APPROPRIATING FUNDS FOR THE OPERATION OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF RIZAL FROM JANUARY ONE TO DECEMBER 31 TWO THOUSAND AND ELEVEN AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
98. Province of Samar. (Promulgated: September 25, 2003). ORDINANCE NO. 541: AN ORDINANCE IMPOSING A FIFTY (50) - YEAR MORATORIUM ON THE CONDUCT OF LARGE SCALE MINING OPERATIONS IN THE PROVINCE OF SAMAR AND PROVIDING EXEMPTIONS, PENALTIES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES THEREOF. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
99. Province of South Cotabato. (Promulgated: June 9, 2010). ORDINANCE NO. 04, Series of 2010: AN ORDINANCE PROVIDING FOR THE ENVIRONMENT CODE OF THE PROVINCE OF SOUTH COTABATO. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
100. Province of Southern Leyte. (Promulgated: February 23, 2009). ORDINANCE NO. 2009-01: AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE PROVINCIAL TAX CODE, TO INCORPORATE THEREIN THE NEW SCHEDULE OF MARKET VALUES FOR THE PROVINCE OF SOUTHERN LEYTE . Retrieved June 20, 2016.
101. Province of Zambales. (Promulgated: June 8, 2015). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 28, Series of 2015: AN ORDINANCE FOR THE PROVINCIAL COAST WATCH SURVEILLANCE AND ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SYSTEM IN THE PROVINCE OF ZAMBALES. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
102. Province of Zambales. (Promulgated: January 13, 2014). ORDINANCE NO. 2014-02: AN ORDINANCE CREATING THE ZAMBALES TOURISM CODE, ESTABLISHING THE ZAMBALES TOURISM COUNCIL, REORGANIZING THE PROVINCIAL TOURISM AND INVESTMENT PROMOTIONS OFFICE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES . Retrieved June 19, 2016.
103. Province of Zamboanga del Norte. (Promulgated: August 15, 2011). ORDINANCE NO. ZN-11-128: AN ORDINANCE PROTECTING AND CONSERVING THE INTEGRITY OF THE LAND AND WATER RESOURCES IN ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
104. Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. (Promulgated: June 18, 2013). Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No. 304: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A REGIONAL CIVIL SERVICE LAW IN THE AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
105. Metro Manila Council. (Promulgated: January 21, 2010). MMDA Regulation No. 10-001, Series of 2010: FURTHER AMENDING MMDA REGULATION NO. 96-005 BY INCREASING THE FILING AND PROCESSING FEES FOR THE ISSUANCE OF UNIFIED VEHICULAR VOLUME REDUCTION PROGRAM (UVVRP) EXEMPTION CERTIFICATE. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
106. Metro Manila Council. (Promulgated: March 4, 2004). MMDA Regulation No. 04-002, Series of 2004: BANNING HORN TOOTING ALONG EDSA AND OTHER MAJOR THOROUGHFARES OF METRO MANILA. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
107. Metro Manila Council. (Promulgated: January 1, 1995). MMA Ordinance No. 1, Series of 1995: AN ORDINANCE APPROPRIATING THE SUM OF ONE BILLION, ONE HUNDRED SEVENTY THREE MILLION, SIX HUNDRED SEVENTY SEVEN THOUSAND, SEVEN HUNDRED SIX PESOS (₱1,173,677,706.00) FOR THE OPERATION OF THE METROPOLITAN MANILA AUTHORITY DURING THE PERIOD FROM JANUARY ONE TO DECEMBER THIRTY ONE, NINETEEN HUNDRED AND NINETY FIVE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
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