List of electric aircraft explained

This is a list of electric aircraft, whose primary flight power is electrical.

! Type !! Country !! Class !! Power !! Role !! Date !! Status !! Notes|-| ACS-Itaipu Sora-E || Brazil || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2015 || Prototype || |-| AgustaWestland Project Zero || Italy || UAV || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype || First large-scale all-electric tilt-rotor.[1] |-| Air Energy AE-1 Silent || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || || 1998 || Production |||-| Airbus A³ Vahana || United States || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2018 || Prototype || Retired December 2019 to focus on CityAirbus development.|-| Airbus E-Fan || France || Propeller || Battery || Trainer || 2014 || Cancelled || Co-developed with Aero Composite Saintonge.[2] |-| Alisport Silent Club || Italy || Motor glider || Battery || || || Production || First production electric aircraft.[3] |-| Ampaire Electric EEL || United States || Propeller || Hybrid || || 2019 || Testing || |-| APEV Demoichelle || France || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2010 || Prototype || [4] [5] |-| APEV Pouchelec || France || Propeller || Battery || || 2009 || Prototype || Development of the Pouchel Light.[6] [7] |-| AstroFlight Sunrise || United States || UAV || Solar || Experimental || 1975 || Prototype || First solar-powered flight. Sunrise II flew in 1975.[8] [9] [10] |-| AutoGyro eCavalon || Germany || Rotorcraft || Battery || Experimental || 2013 || Prototype |||-| Baykar Cezeri || Turkey || eVTOL || Battery || Transport || 2020 || Project || Flown unmanned.|-| Beta AVA || United States || Propeller || Battery || Transport || 2019 || Prototype || Testing and preparing serial production.[11] |-| Boeing Fuel Cell Demonstrator (FCD) || United States || Motor glider || Fuel cell || Experimental || 2008 || Prototype || Modified Diamond HK-36 Super Dimona.[12] [13] |-| Bye Aerospace eFlyer 2 || United States || Propeller || Battery || || 2016 || Project || |-| Bye Aerospace eFlyer 4 || United States || Propeller || Battery || || 2018 || Project || |-| Cessna 172 electric || United States || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2010 || Demonstrator only || [14] [15] On 19 October 2012 Beyond Aviation announced that it had flown an electric Cessna 172 Skyhawk.[16] |-| Cessna 208 eCaravan || United States || Propeller || Battery || Utility || 2020 || Prototype || Currently undergoing testing prior to certification.[17] |-| CityAirbus || Multinational || eVTOL || Battery || Transport || 2019 || Prototype |||-| DigiSky SkySpark || || || Fuel cell || || || || Converted Alpi Pioneer 300.[18] [19] |-| Viking Dragonfly (electric conversion) || Netherlands || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2019 || Project || Converted Viking Dragonfly.[20] |-| Hamilton aEro 1 || Switzerland || Propeller || Battery || Private || 2016 || Prototype || Converted Silence Twister.[21] |-| e-Genius || Germany || || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype || |-| e-Sling || Switzerland || || Battery || Experimental || 2022 || Prototype || Based on the Sling TSi[22] |-| EADS Green Cri-Cri || || || Battery || Experimental || 2010 || Prototype || Converted Colomban Cri-cri.[23] [24] |-| Electric Aircraft Corporation ElectraFlyer Trike || United States || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2007 || Production || Ultralight. First commercial offering of an electric aircraft.[25] [26] |-| Electric Aircraft Corporation ElectraFlyer-C || United States || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2008 || Production || Converted Monnett Moni motor glider.[27] |-| Electravia E-Fenix || France || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2001 || Prototype || [28] |-| Electravia ElectroLight2 || France || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2001 || Production || [29] [30] |-| Electravia BL1E Electra || France || Propeller || Battery || || 2007 || || [31] [32] First registered aircraft in the world powered by electric engine and with batteries.|-| Electravia Electro Trike || France || Motor glider || Battery || || 2008 || || [33] |-| ENFICA-FC || || Propeller || Fuel cell || Experimental || || Prototype || Converted Rapid 200FC.[34] |-| eUP Aviation Green1 || Canada || Motor glider || Battery || || 2012 || Production || [35] |-| Eviation Alice || Israel || Propeller || Battery || Transport || 2022 || Testing || 2 pilot + 9 passenger, 444 km/h cruise and 1,367 km range [36] |-| Flightstar e-Spyder || || Propeller || Battery || || 2009 || || Converted Flightstar Sportstar Spyder. Also offered as the Greenwing GW280 and Yuneec eSpyder.[37] |-| Icaro 2000 Trike || || Motor glider || Battery || Private || || Production || [38] |-| Joby Aviation S4 || United States || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2017 || Prototype || [39] |-| La France || France || Airship || Battery || Experimental || 1884 || Prototype || |-| LAK-17B FES Self-Launch (mini) || Lithuania || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2020 || Production || |-| Lange Antares 20E || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || Experimental || 2003 || Production || [40] [41] First electric aircraft to obtain a certificate of airworthiness.|-| Lange Antares 23E || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || Experimental || 2012 || Production |||-| Lange LF 20 || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || Experimental || 1999 || Prototype || Modified DG800.[42] |-| Lilium Jet || Germany || Ducted fan || Battery || Private || 2017 || Prototype || two-seater (5 planned from 2025) vertical take-off and landing air taxi prototype[43] [44] |-| Luxembourg Special Aerotechnics MC30E || || || Battery || Experimental || 2012 || Prototype || [45] [46] |-| MacCready Gossamer Penguin || United States || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1980 || Prototype || |-| MacCready Solar Challenger || United States || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1981 || Prototype || Flew 262km (163miles) from Paris to England.[47] |-| Matsushita / Tokyo Institute of Technology aircraft || Japan || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2006 || Prototype || Powered by 160 AA battery cells.[48] |-| Mauro Solar Riser || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1979 || Prototype || First manned, solar-powered airplane. Based on the UFM Easy Riser. Solar cells charged battery for flight.[49] |-| MC15E Cri-Cri || || Propeller || Battery || || 2010 || || [50] |-| Militky MB-E1 || West Germany || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 1973 || Prototype || First manned airplane to fly solely on electric power.[51] |-| MIT Monarch || United States || Propeller || Hybrid || Experimental || || Prototype || Batteries charged by human power.[52] Followed by the MIT Monarch 2.|-| NASA Centurion || United States || UAV || Solar || Experimental || || Prototype |||-| NASA Helios || United States || UAV || Battery || Experimental || 1999 || Prototype |||-| NASA Pathfinder || United States || UAV || Solar || Experimental || 1993 || Prototype || Developed by AeroVironment, Inc from the HALSOL prototype.[53] [54] Pathfinder Plus had increased span.|-| NASA Puffin || United States || || Battery || Experimental || 2010 || Project || |-| NASA X-57 Maxwell || United States || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2016 || Project || Modified Tecnam P2006T.[55] [56] |-| New Concept Aircraft (Zhuhai) Green Pioneer Ι || China || || Solar || Experimental || 2002 || Prototype || [57] [58] |-| Opener BlackFly || United States || Propeller || Battery || Utility || 2011 || Prototype || |-| PC-Aero Elektra One || Germany || Propeller || Solar || || 2011 || Project || |-| Petróczy-Kármán-Žurovec PKZ-1 || Hungary || Rotorcraft || Cable || Patrol || 1917 || Prototype || Tethered to the ground.|-| Phoenix Air Phoenix || Czech republic || Propeller || Battery || || 2018 || Project || Testing and preparing serial production.[59] [60] |-| Pipistrel Alpha Electro || Slovenia || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Production || Electric version of the Pipistrel Alpha Trainer.|-| Pipistrel Taurus Electro G2 || Slovenia || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2011 || Production |||-| Pipistrel Taurus G4 || Slovenia || Motor glider || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype || Twin fuselage. The G4 won the NASA Green Flight Challenge in 2011.[61] [62] [63] |-| Pipistrel Velis Electro || Slovenia || Propeller || Battery || Trainer || 2020 || Production || Type certified. Based on the Pipistrel Virus|-| Pipistrel WATTsUP || Slovenia || || Battery || Experimental || 2014 || Prototype || Led to the Pipistrel Alpha Electro.|-| QinetiQ Zephyr || United Kingdom || UAV || Solar || Patrol || 2008 || Prototype || The 2010 redesign holds the UAV endurance record of over 2 weeks (336 hours).[64] [65] |-| Rolls-Royce ACCEL || United Kingdom || Propeller || Battery || Private || 2021 || Prototype |||-| Schempp-Hirth Discus-2c FES || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || || 2015 || Production |||-| Schempp-Hirth Ventus-2cxa FES || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || || 2014 || Production |||-| Schempp-Hirth Arcus-E || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || || 2010 || Production || [66] |-| Siemens-FlyEco Magnus eFusion || Germany-Hungary || Propeller || Hybrid diesel-electric || || 2018 || Under development for production || [67] |-| Solair 1 || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1983 || || Developed from a Farner canard design.[68] [69] The Solair II flew 1998.[69] |-| Solar Impulse || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 2009 || Prototype || |-| Solar Impulse 2 || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 2015 || Prototype || First round-the-world flight by an electric aircraft.|-| Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One || United Kingdom || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1979 || Prototype || Solar cells charged battery for flight.[70] [71] [72] |-| SolarStratos || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 2017 || Prototype || |-| Solution F/Chretien Helicopter || || Rotorcraft || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype || First free-flying manned electric helicopter.[73] [74] |-| Sonex Electric Sport Aircraft || || Propeller || Battery || || 2010 || Project || |-| Stuttgart University Icaré II || Germany || || Solar || || 1996 || || [75] |-| Sunseeker I || United States || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1990 || Prototype || [76] The Sunseeker II was built in 2002.|-| Sunseeker Duo || United States || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 2013 || Prototype || |-| Tier1 electric Robinson R44 || United States || Rotorcraft || Battery || Experimental || 2016 || Prototype || [77] [78] [79] |-| Tissandier || France || Airship || Battery || Experimental || 1883 || Prototype || First electric powered aircraft.[80] |-| Ultraflight Lazair Electric || || || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype || [81] |-| Volocopter || Germany || Rotorcraft || || || || |||-| Volta Volare GT4 || || || Hybrid || || 2012 || Project || Diesel-electric hybrid.[82] |-| Yuneec International E430 || China || Propeller || Battery || Private || 2009 || Production || Homebuilt aircraft.|-| smartflyer SFX1 || Switzerland || Propeller || Serial Hybrid || Prototype || 2017 || Production || bulit by smartflyer AG Switzerland [83] |}

Notes and References

  1. Web site: AHS - Sample Vertiflite article: Project Zero . Vtol.org . 2013-03-04 . 2013-04-28.
  2. Web site: Bertorelli . Paul . Airbus Announces Electric Aircraft . Avweb . 2014-04-24 . 2014-04-28.
  3. Web site: Silent Club > Electric Self-launch Sailplane. 2009-11-04. AliSport. n.d.. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090420110802/http://www.alisport.com/eu/eng/silent_b.htm. 2009-04-20.
  4. Web site: The Demoichellec, the electric Demoichelle. 19 September 2012. APEV. n.d..
  5. Web site: Le vol de la Demoichelle au Bourget. Aerobuzz. July 2010.
  6. Bayerl, Robby; Martin Berkemeier; et al.: World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12, page 93. WDLA UK, Lancaster UK, 2011. ISSN 1368-485X
  7. Web site: The Pouchelec, the electric Pouchel. 19 September 2012. APEV. n.d..
  8. Book: Newcome, Laurence R.. Unmanned aviation: a brief history of unmanned aerial vehicles. 2009-09-23. 2004.
  9. Web site: Solar-Power Research and Dryden. 2009-09-15. Curry . Marty. March 2008.
  10. Web site: Project Sunrise. 2009-09-23. Boucher. Roland. n.d.. 2015-03-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20150313145542/http://www.projectsunrise.info/First_Solar_Powered_Aircraft.html. dead.
  11. News: Behind the controls of an eVTOL aircraft: A test pilot's perspective. Vertical Mag. Elan Head. 2019-02-07 . Vermont.
  12. News: Boeing tests first hydrogen powered plane. The Times. David Robertson. 2008-04-03 . London.
  13. Web site: Boeing Flies Fuel Cell Aircraft . 2008-05-13. Niles. Russ. April 2008.
  14. News: Electric 172 May Fly Early Next Year. 20 October 2010. Grady. Mary. October 2010. AvWeb.
  15. Web site: Bye Energy - The Green Flight Project. byeenergy.com. 17 July 2018.
  16. Web site: Electric Cessna Makes Multiple Flights on Lithium Batteries . Evworld.Com . 2012-10-19 . 2013-03-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161120075857/http://evworld.com/news.cfm?newsid=28964 . 2016-11-20 . dead .
  17. News: All-electric Grand Caravan makes maiden flight . Jon Hemmerdinger . 29 May 2020 . Flightglobal.
  18. Web site: Italian Electric Airplane Reaches 155 MPH. 2009-06-18. Grady. Mary. June 2009.
  19. Web site: 250 km/h: 100% eco-friendly aircraft sets world record. 2009-06-18. DigiSky Srl. June 2009.
  20. Web site: Official website of Project Dragonfly . ProjectDragonfly.nl . 2019-03-20 . 2023-05-05.
  21. Web site: Hamilton aEro 1. October 15, 2016. January 16, 2019. July 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200711084401/https://dufour.aero/hamilton-aero-1/. dead.
  22. News: ETH-Studenten gehen mit eigenem Elektroflugzeug in die Erprobung . November 5, 2022. Schelling. Jürgen. October 3, 2022. Neue Zürcher Zeitung.
  23. Web site: EADS Unveils Electric, Aerobatic, Four-Engine Airplane. 1 July 2010. Grady. Mary. June 2010.
  24. Web site: First Flight For Four-Engine Electric Airplane. 9 September 2010. Grady. Mary. September 2010.
  25. Web site: Electraflyer Flies Trike, Motorglider On Battery Power. 2008-04-13. Grady. Mary. April 2008.
  26. Web site: ElectraFlyer Technical details . 2008-04-13 . Electric Aircraft Corporation . 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071016052647/http://www.electraflyer.com/tech.html . 2007-10-16 . dead .
  27. Web site: Electric Power For Experimentals, Perhaps LSA's. 2008-06-27. Pew. Glenn. June 2008.
  28. News: E-Fenix, the Two-Seater Trike.
  29. Web site: ELECTRAVIA : ElectroLight2 electric motorglider. ELECTRAVIA. electravia.fr. 8 December 2015.
  30. Web site: January 12, 2012 . EAA . ElectroLight2 Helps Vintage Gliders Motor Aloft . 2012-03-16 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120301001053/http://www.eaa.org/news/2012/2012-01-12_electrolight2.asp . 2012-03-01 .
  31. Web site: APAME Announces Electric Flight. 2008-01-20. Pew. Pew. December 2007.
  32. Web site: Worldwide premiere: first aircraft flight with electrical engine . 2008-01-20 . APAME . December 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080110092518/http://www.apame.eu/AA%20Projects.html . 2008-01-10 .
  33. News: Test Flug mit dem ElectroTrike.
  34. Web site: ENFICA-FC - ENvironmentally Friendly Inter City Aircraft powered by Fuel Cells. Politecnico di Torino. polito.it. 8 December 2015.
  35. eUP Aviation (9 December 2012), Canada's First Electric Aircraft Flight, retrieved 10 December 2012
  36. Web site: 'World's first' fully-electric plane unveiled by Israeli company. Israel National News. 21 June 2019 . en. 2019-06-21.
  37. Web site: Citel. Axelles. Nantes. www.evhangar.com.
  38. Web site: Icaro 200 Trike. 8 December 2011. Icaro 2000 srl. n.d..
  39. Web site: eVTOL News Joby Aviation . n.d..
  40. http://www.lange-flugzeugbau.com/htm/english/news/news.html 06.09.2011: SWR.de The Research Aircraft Antares DLR H2 and Antares H3
  41. Web site: Lange Aviation News. 18 April 2010. Lange Aviation GmBH. 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20100411070603/http://www.lange-aviation.com/htm/english/news/news.html. 11 April 2010. dead. dmy-all.
  42. Web site: Propulsion. 22 October 2011. Lange Flugzeugbau. n.d.. https://web.archive.org/web/20111019183928/http://www.lange-aviation.com/htm/english/products/antares_20e/propulsion.html. 19 October 2011. dead. dmy-all.
  43. https://www.dezeen.com/2017/04/21/electric-flying-taxi-aeroplane-lilium-completes-first-voyage/ Electric flying taxi by Lilium successfully completes its first voyage (dezeen.com)
  44. https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/20/15369850/lilium-jet-flying-car-first-flight-vtol-aviation-munich Watch this all-electric ‘flying car’ take its first test flight in Germany (theverge.com)
  45. Web site: ELECTRAVIA : avion à moteur électrique Luciole MC30E. ELECTRAVIA. electravia.fr. 8 December 2015.
  46. Web site: Microlights . Fai.org . 2012-05-31 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120529151915/http://www.fai.org/record-microlights . 2012-05-29 .
  47. Web site: SOLAR-POWERED UAVS: HALSOL & SOLAR HAPP . 2009-02-08 . Goebel . Greg . January 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090211170130/http://www.vectorsite.net/twuav_12.html . 2009-02-11 .
  48. http://web-japan.org/trends/science/sci060929.html Battery-Powered Plane
  49. Web site: UFM/MAURO SOLAR RISER. 2008-06-27. Experimental Aircraft Association, Inc.. 2008.
  50. Web site: Electric Cri-Cri Breaks Own World Electric Speed Record . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130226092438/http://eaa.org/news/2011/2011-06-27_cri-cri.asp . 2013-02-26 .
  51. Book: Taylor, John W R . Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1974-75. 1974. Jane's Yearbooks . London. 0-354-00502-2. 573 .
  52. John Langford, A human powered speed aircraft using electrical energy storage . Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, 1984
  53. Web site: NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: Helios Prototype. NASA. 13 August 2015. 8 December 2015.
  54. Web site: None. https://web.archive.org/web/20130730032004/http://www.vectorsite.net/twuav_12.html. dead . July 30, 2013.
  55. Web site: Mary . Grady . NASA's Electric Airplane Project Moves Forward . avweb.com. Aviation Publishing Group . 18 March 2015 . 19 March 2015 .
  56. Web site: NASA Electric Research Plane Gets X Number, New Name. Beutel. Allard. 2016-06-17. NASA. 2016-06-19.
  57. China People Website, "Green Pioneer" fills in the gaps in China, http://www.people.com.cn/GB/kejiao/42/153/20021107/860761.html
  58. China Science and Technology Daily, Question: how far does the solar-powered aircraft fly in the end?, http://www.stdaily.com/oldweb/gb/dengxiaoping/2005-12/06/content_463353.htm
  59. Web site: Official website of PureFlight . PureFlight.eu . 2018-11-11 . 2019-03-18.
  60. Web site: Czech aircraft: 100 years at the forefront of history . ctk.cz . 2018-06-22 . 2019-03-18.
  61. News: Taurus G4 Aims For 400 Passenger Miles Per Gallon. 14 July 2011. Pew. Glenn. July 2011. AVweb.
  62. News: Four-Place Electric Airplane Flies. 15 August 2011. Niles. Russ. August 2011. AVweb.
  63. News: NASA Awards $1.35 Million For Efficient Flight. 5 October 2011. Grady. Mary. September 2011 . AVweb.
  64. News: Amos . Jonathan . 'Eternal plane' returns to Earth . BBC News . 2010-07-23 . touched down at 1504 BST ... on Friday ... took off ... at 1440 BST (0640 local time) on Friday, 9 July . 2010-07-23.
  65. Web site: Zephyr - QinetiQ High-Altitude Long-Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). 2008-09-14. QinetiQ Group PLC. n.d.. https://web.archive.org/web/20080826234154/http://www.qinetiq.com/home/products/zephyr.html. 2008-08-26. dead.
  66. Web site: World premiere! The ARCUS-E - the worlds first serial built two seat sailplane with Electric engine takes off with clean, CO2 free, energy. . SHK . schempp-hirth.com . 8 December 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150706124145/http://www.schempp-hirth.com/index.php?id=126&L=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=373&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=87&cHash=8a5d51d766 . 6 July 2015 .
  67. Web site: Aero: Siemens And FlyEco Show Off Hybrid. 25 April 2018. Baker . Jason. AVweb. 2 April 2018.
  68. Web site: History of Solar Flight. Noth. André. July 2008. Autonomous Systems Lab. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. 3. 8 July 2010. Zürich. Günter Rochelt was the designer and builder of Solair I, a 16 m wingspan solar airplane ... 21st of August 1983 he flew in Solair I, mostly on solar energy and also thermals, during 5 hours 41 minutes.. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120201032732/http://www.asl.ethz.ch/research/asl/skysailor/History_of_Solar_Flight.pdf. 1 February 2012.
  69. Web site: Elektro- und Solarflugzeuge (1960 - 1996). Khammas. Achmed A. W.. 2007. Buch der Synergie. de. exakt 2.499 Solarzellen ausgestattet, die eine Leistung von 2,2 kW. 8 July 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100726163226/http://www.buch-der-synergie.de/c_neu_html/c_11_15_mobile_anwendungen_elektroflugzeuge_1.htm. 26 July 2010.
  70. Web site: AIAA paper 84-1429. 2011-03-04. AIAA/SAE/ASME 20th Joint Propulsion Conference. 1984. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110707180738/http://www.astroflight.com/pdfs/SolarHistory.pdf. 2011-07-07.
  71. Web site: Solar Challenger. 2011-03-04. Solar Challenger. 1980. https://web.archive.org/web/20110820012018/http://library.propdesigner.co.uk/solar_challenger.pdf. 2011-08-20. dead.
  72. Web site: UK's first solar aircraft takes off. 2011-03-04. Flightglobal Archive. 1979.
  73. Web site: Challenges of Aircraft Hybridization . IDTechEx . 2013-04-29.
  74. Web site: Vertiflite, March/April 2012 - AHS Online Store . Vtol.org . 2013-04-28.
  75. Web site: Icaré this year was in top form.. 13 June 2011. Institut für Flugzeugbau. November 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110727162444/http://www.ifb.uni-stuttgart.de/en/forschung/flugzeugentwurf/icare. 27 July 2011.
  76. Web site: Sunseeker Seeks New Records . 2008-02-08 . Moore . Bill . June 2004 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080208120356/http://www.evworld.com/article.cfm?storyid=709 . 2008-02-08 .
  77. Web site: Grady . Mary . AVweb.com . First Flight For Battery-Powered Helicopter . October 17, 2016 . October 21, 2016.
  78. News: Bradley Zint . Costa Mesa firm tests first manned battery-powered chopper . . October 7, 2016 . October 21, 2016.
  79. Web site: Watch the World's First Manned Battery-Powered Helicopter Fly . October 31, 2016 . Fortune . November 4, 2016.
  80. Web site: Charles . Renard . Charles Renard . Arthur Constantin Krebs . Hervé Mangon . Académie des Sciences / séance du 18 août 1884 / Navigation Aérienne – Sur un aérostat dirigeable . 1884-08-18 . fr . . 1884 ... l'année dernière par M. Tissandier, qui le premier a appliqué l'électricité à la propulsion des ballons. Arthur Constantin Krebs .
  81. Sigler, Dean: Dale Kramer and his electric Lazair, Kitplanes, Volume 28, Number 12, December 2011, pages 31-35. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851
  82. News: Fletcher . Seth . Inside The First Production-Ready Electric Airplane . 2012-05-07 . Popular Science . 2012-04-30 .
  83. Web site: DUBAI: Switzerland's Smartflyer seeks funding for hybrid-electric SFX1. 19 November 2019.

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