List of ecoregions in Europe explained

The continent of Europe comprise a large part of the Palearctic ecozone, with many unique biomes and ecoregions. Biogeographically, Europe is tied closely to Siberia, commonly known as the Euro-Siberian region.

The European Environmental Agency (EEA) divides Europe into a total of eleven terrestrial biogeographical regions and seven regional seas.^[1] The agency has issued the Digital Map of European Ecological Regions (DMEER), and operates with a total of 70 ecoregions, of which 58 are within the European continent. Some of these ecoregions are congruent with the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) ecoregions, and some are not.^{[2] [3]}

List of ecoregions in Europe

Below is an exhaustive list of the ecoregions of Europe as defined by the WWF.

Designation	Name (WWF)	Country	Biome	Map
PA0401	Apennine deciduous montane forests	Italy	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
PA0402	Atlantic mixed forests	France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark
PA0403	Azores temperate mixed forests	Portugal
PA0404		Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Greece
PA0405		Denmark, Sweden, Germany, and Poland	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest Natural beech wood
PA0406	Cantabrian mixed forests	Portugal, Spain, and France
PA0408		Russia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Caucasus-Anatolian-Hyrcanian temperate forests
PA0409	Celtic broadleaf forests	Ireland and United Kingdom	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
PA0412	Central European mixed forests	Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest
PA0416	Crimean Submediterranean forest complex	Russia, Ukraine	European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest
PA0418		Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo, and Albania	European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest
PA0419		Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, and Russia
PA0421	English Lowlands beech forests	United Kingdom	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest
PA0422	Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests	Bulgaria and Turkey	Caucasus-Anatolian-Hyrcanian temperate forests
PA0429	North Atlantic moist mixed forests	Ireland, United Kingdom, and Norway	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
PA0431	Pannonian mixed forests	Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Romania, and Ukraine
PA0432		Italy and Switzerland
PA0433	Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests	Spain, Andorra, and France	European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest
PA0435		Bulgaria, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Greece
PA0436	Sarmatic mixed forests	Norway, Sweden, Åland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, and Russia	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest
PA0445	Western European broadleaf forests	Poland, Czech Republic, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France, Luxembourg, and Belgium	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest
PA0501	Alps conifer and mixed forests	Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and Slovenia
PA0503	Caledonian conifer forests	United Kingdom	Temperate coniferous forest
PA0504	Carpathian montane conifer forests	Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, and Ukraine	European-Mediterranean montane mixed forests
PA0520	Scandinavian coastal conifer forests	Norway	Temperate coniferous forests
PA0602	Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra	Iceland
PA0608	Scandinavian and Russian taiga	Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia	Taiga and Boreal forests
PA0610	Ural montane forests and tundra	Russia
PA0807	Faroe Islands boreal grasslands	Faroe Islands
PA0814	Pontic steppe	Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, and Russia	Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
PA1101	Arctic desert	Norway and Russia	Tundra
PA1106	Kola Peninsula tundra	Norway and Russia	Tundra
PA1108	Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra	Russia	Tundra
PA1110	Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands	Norway, Sweden, and Finland
PA1201		Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey	Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
PA1204	Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests	France	Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
PA1205	Crete Mediterranean forests	Greece	Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
PA1208	Iberian conifer forests	Spain	Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
PA1209	Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests	Spain and Portugal	Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
PA1210	Illyrian deciduous forests	Greece, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy	Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
PA1211	Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests	Italy
PA1215	Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests	Spain and France
PA1216	Northwest Iberian montane forests	Spain and Portugal
PA1217	Pindus Mountains mixed forests	Greece, North Macedonia, and Albania
PA1218		Italy	Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
PA1219	Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands	Spain
PA1221	Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests	Portugal and Spain	Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
PA1222		Italy and France	Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
PA1308		Russia	Deserts and Xeric Shrublands

Global 200 ecoregions in Europe

See main article: Global 200.

Terrestrial

Terrestrial Global 200 ecoregions in Europe comprise three regions of Scandia alpine tundra and taiga, which is present in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden:

• PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga
• PA1106 Kola Peninsula tundra
• PA1110 Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands

Other Global 200 ecoregions:

• PA1214 Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub

Freshwater

Global 200 Large river delta ecoregions in Europe:

• Volga River Delta (Kazakhstan, Russia)
• Danube delta (Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Yugoslavia)

Small river ecoregions:

• Balkan rivers and streams (Albania, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Turkey, Yugoslavia)

Marine

There are no marine Global 200 ecoregions in Europe.

Sources

• Web site: World Wildlife Fund.
• Web site: Global 200. WWF.

External links

• Web site: Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World. Data Basin. Conservation Biology Institute. 5 August 2019.
  Maps and basic data.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Europe's biodiversity - biogeographical regions and seas. EEA. 30 May 2002. 4 August 2019.
2. Web site: [https:/ Environmental Agency (EEA)]. 23 January 2015. 6 August 2019.
3. Web site: [LATEST VERSION] Digital map of European ecological regions]. European Environmental Agency (EEA). 12 January 2019. 6 August 2019.