List of ecoregions in Colombia explained

The following is a list of ecoregions in Colombia defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).

Colombia is considered one of the world's 'megadiverse' countries, and is home to one in ten of the world's plant and animal species. It is ranked first in bird and orchid species diversity, and second in plants, butterflies, freshwater fishes and amphibians. Colombia's location in the tropics and its varied topography create a diverse range of habitats, including tropical rain forests, deserts, high mountains, coral reefs, and mangroves.^[1]

Terrestrial

Colombia is in the Neotropical realm. Ecoregions are listed by biome.^[2]

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Caquetá moist forests
• Cauca Valley montane forests
• Cayos Miskitos–San Andrés and Providencia moist forests
• Chocó–Darién moist forests
• Cordillera Oriental montane forests
• Eastern Cordillera Real montane forests
• Eastern Panamanian montane forests
• Guayanan Highlands moist forests
• Japurá–Solimões–Negro moist forests
• Magdalena Valley montane forests
• Magdalena–Urabá moist forests
• Napo moist forests
• Negro–Branco moist forests
• Northwestern Andean montane forests
• Rio Negro campinarana
• Santa Marta montane forests
• Solimões–Japurá moist forests
• Venezuelan Andes montane forests
• Western Ecuador moist forests

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Apure–Villavicencio dry forests
• Cauca Valley dry forests
• Patía Valley dry forests
• Sinú Valley dry forests

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Llanos

Montane grasslands and shrublands

• Northern Andean páramo
• Santa Marta páramo

Deserts and xeric shrublands

• Guajira–Barranquilla xeric scrub
• Malpelo Island xeric scrub

Mangroves

• Esmeraldas–Pacific Colombia mangroves
• Magdalena–Santa Marta mangroves
• Gulf of Panama mangroves

Marine

Tropical Atlantic

Colombia's Atlantic coast marine ecoregions are in the Caribbean Sea marine province.^[3]

• Southern Caribbean
• Southwestern Caribbean

Tropical Eastern Pacific

• Panama Bight

Notes and References

1. "Colombia". Country profile. UN Convention on Biological diversity. Accessed 18 may 2020. https://www.cbd.int/countries/profile/?country=co
2. Dinerstein, Eric; David Olson; Douglas J. Graham; et al. (1995). A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. World Bank, Washington DC.
3. Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573-583.