List of earthquakes in 1988 explained

Year:1988
Location Map:Earth
Largest:7.8 United States, Gulf of Alaska
Deadliest:6.8, 1988 Armenian earthquake 25,000 dead
Fatalities:26,759
9.0+:0
8.0−8.9:0
7.0−7.9:11
6.0−6.9:115

This is a list of earthquakes in 1988. Only magnitude 6.0 or greater earthquakes appear on the list. Lower magnitude events are included if they have caused death, injury, or damage. All dates are listed according to UTC time. Maximum intensities are indicated on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale and are sourced from United States Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeMap or the National Geophysical Data Center. Earthquake activity in 1988 was relatively low, with only 11 major events and none of magnitude 8.0+ occurring. Nevertheless, extremely destructive events took place in Burma, Nepal, China and Armenia. Burma saw two deadly earthquakes just a few months apart with the latter (on the Chinese border) claiming the lives of nearly a thousand. The Armenia earthquake in December was the deadliest earthquake in this year, with more than 25,000 deaths recorded. Early this year, Australia was also struck by an unusual series of strong earthquakes.

Overall

By death toll

RankDeath tollMagnitudeLocationMMIDepth (km)Date
1, Soviet Armenia
2 China,, Myanmar–China border region
3 Nepal, Province No. 1
4 (explosion) Papua New Guinea
5 Myanmar, Sagaing Region

By magnitude

RankMagnitudeDeath tollLocationMMIDepth (km)Date
= 1 United States, Gulf of Alaska
= 2 China,, Myanmar–China border region
= 3 Solomon Islands, offshore
= 4, Sagaing Region
= 4 Philippines, offshore Catanduanes
= 5 Chile, Antofagasta
= 6 Tonga offshore
= 6 Peru offshore
= 7 Indonesia, Maluku Islands
= 7 Papua New Guinea, New Britain region
= 7 Chile, Antofagasta

Notable events

January

Month:January
8.0–8.9:0
7.0–7.9:1
6.0–6.9:8
Largest:7.0
Fatalities:0
Date! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px"
Country and locationMwDepth (km)MMINotesCasualties
DeadInjured

2[1] Japan, Hokkaido6.0117.1-|-|-|3[2] |, Nei Mongol-Ningxia border region|5.2|14.3|| |16 livestock killed and more than 10,000 homes collapsed.| -|60|-|9[3] [4] | Albania|5.9|24.0|| |Damage to properties reported in Tirana and the surrounding villages.|-|-|-|12[5] |, Kermadec Islands|6.6|14.8| -|| -| -|-|15[6] ||6.4|213.7| -|| -| -|-|19[7] |, Antofagasta|7.0|33.0|V|| -| -|-|21[8] ||6.2|44.2| -|| -| -|-|22[9] |, Northern Territory|6.3|5.0|VII|The first in a series of triplet earthquakes known as the 1988 Tennant Creek earthquakes.| -| -|-|22[10] |, Northern Territory|6.3|5.0|VIII|Second Tennant Creek earthquake mainshock.| -| -|-|22[11] [12] |, Northern Territory|6.7|5.0|IX|The largest earthquake in Australia ever recorded and the largest of the Tennant Creek earthquake sequence. Damaged pipelines were reported and a hospital was damaged. Total damage amounted to $2.5 million.[13] |||-|29[14] ||6.0|106.2| -|| -| -|}

February

Month:February
8.0–8.9:0
6.0–6.9:12
Largest:7.3 Philippines
Fatalities:2
Deadliest:5.9 Bangladesh 2 dead
7.0–7.9:2
Date! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px"
Country and locationMwDepth (km)MMINotesCasualties
DeadInjured
5[15] Chile, Antofagasta7.236.9Second mainshock, caused some damages in Taltal.[16]

A tsunami of 10 cm was reported.[17]

-|-|-|5[18] |, near the coast of Antofagasta|6.5|30.7|VI|Aftershock of the 7.2 earthquake nearly five hours later.| -| -|-|6[19] [20] |, India-Bangladesh border region|5.9|33.0|VI|Damage reported in Sylhel. Felt throughout the country, and in Tripura, Assam and Meghalaya, India.|2|100|-|6[21] |, Kepulauan Tanimbar|6.2|38.5| -|| -| -|-|6[22] |, Oruro|6.5|285.2| -|| -| -|-|6[23] ||6.2|125.5| -|| -| -|-|7[24] |, 75 km WNW of Ninilchik, Alaska|6.4|134.0|V|| -| -|-|7[25] |, south of the Aleutian Islands|6.4|33.0| -|| -| -|-|13[26] |, Kazakhstan|6.1| -| -|Nuclear explosion| -| -|-|16[27] |, Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska|6.0|33.0| -|| -| -|-|20[28] |, Kepulauan Barat Daya|6.5|314.5|IV|| -| -|-|22[29] |, Tarapaca|6.7|70.3|VII|| -| -|-|24[30] |, Catanduanes|7.3|24.9|VII|| -| -|-|26[31] |Southwest Indian Ridge|6.8|10.0| -|| -| -|-|29[32] |, Komandorskiye Ostrova|6.9|33.0| -|| -| -|}

March

Month:March
8.0–8.9:0
7.0–7.9:1
6.0–6.9:8
Largest:7.8 United States
Fatalities:0
Date! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px"
Country and locationMwDepth (km)MMINotesCasualties
DeadInjured
6[33] United States, Gulf of Alaska7.810.0It is the largest earthquake of the year. Damage to the vessels Exxon North Slope, Exxon Boston and Exxon New Orleans amounted to some US$5,000. A tsunami of 38 cm was recorded.-|-|-|6[34] | United States, Gulf of Alaska|6.2|10.0|-|Aftershock|-|-|-|10[35] | offshore|6.7|56.2|VI|| -| -|-|10[36] ||6.6|623.0| -|| -| -|-|11[37] |, Panama-Costa Rica border region|6.0|22.5|VI|| -| -|-|18[38] |Bismarck Sea|6.2|33.0| -|| -| -|-|21[39] |Laptev Sea|6.5|10.0| -|| -| -|-|23[40] |northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge|6.2|10.0| -|| -| -|-|25[41] |, Northwest Territories|6.2|10.0| -|| -| -|-|30[42] ||5.9|32.9|VI|Some damage reported| -| -|}

April

Month:April
8.0–8.9:0
7.0–7.9:1
6.0–6.9:8
Largest:7.1 Peru
Fatalities:0
Date! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px"
Country and locationMwDepth (km)MMINotesCasualties
DeadInjured
4[43] Tonga6.333.0-|-|-|4[44] |, Kazakhstan|6.1|0.0| -|Nuclear explosion| -| -|-|4[45] |, Kyushu offshore|6.0|39.3|V|| -| -|-|8[46] |, near the north coast of New Guinea|6.4|32.3| -|| -| -|-|8[47] |, near the north coast of New Guinea|6.1|33.0| -|Aftershock| -| -|-|12[48] | offshore southern coast|7.1|33.1|VII|| -| -|-|13[49] | offshore southern coast|6.2|16.1|V|Aftershock| -| -|-|17[50] |, South Sandwich Islands region|6.3|33.0| -|| -| -|-|25[51] ||6.3|44.3|V|| -| -|}

May

Month:May
8.0–8.9:0
7.0–7.9:0
6.0–6.9:12
Largest:6.9 Indonesia
Fatalities:0
Date! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px"
Country and locationMwDepth (km)MMINotesCasualties
DeadInjured
1[52] United Kingdom, South Sandwich Islands region6.2137.9-
-|-|3[53] | New Caledonia, southeast of the Loyalty Islands|6.1|10.8|| ||-|-|-|4[54] |, Kazakhstan|6.1|0.0|| |Nuclear explosion|-|-|-|4[55] | Northern Mariana Islands, Pagan region|6.4|122.5|| ||-|-|-|5[56] | Chile, Easter Island region|6.3|10.0|| | -| -|-|-|5[57] | Chile, Easter Island region|6.1|10.0|| |Aftershock|-|-|-|6[58] ||6.6|86.7|VI|| -| -|-|6[59] |, Hokkaido|6.0|72.3|V|| -| -|-|20[60] |central Mid-Atlantic Ridge|6.1|10.0| -|| -| -|-|21[61] |, offshore Valparaiso|6.1|42.1|VI|| -| -|-|22[62] |, Unimak Island region|6.0|33.0| -|| -| -|-|30[63] |, Kepulauan Barat Daya|6.9|86.3|VI|| -| -|}

June

Month:June
8.0–8.9:0
7.0–7.9:0
6.0–6.9:8
Largest:6.7 New Zealand
6.7 Mexico
Fatalities:2
Deadliest:6.2 2 dead
Date! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px"
Country and locationMwDepth (km)MMINotesCasualties
DeadInjured

3[64] New Zealand, South Island6.782.7-|-|-|5[65] | Vanuatu|6.5|110.2|| ||-|-|-|11[66] ||6.3|35.7|| ||-|-|-|12[67] | Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands|6.5|14.4|| ||-|-|-|[68] | Mexico, Gulf of California|6.7|10.0|| ||--|-|19[69] [70] | Philippines, Mindoro|6.2|16.7|| |Damage was reported during the 1988 Mindoro earthquake.|2|4|-|24[71] |, Luzon|5.7|53.4|V|Some damage reported in Laoag.| -| -|-|27[72] ||6.0|65.7| -|| -| -|-|28[73] |, west of Macquarie Island|6.0|10.0| -|| -| -|}

July

Month:July
8.0–8.9:0
7.0–7.9:2
6.0–6.9:12
Largest:7.0 Papua New Guinea
7.0 Indonesia
Deadliest:5.9 1 dead
Fatalities:1
Date! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px"
Country and locationMwDepth (km)MMINotesCasualties
DeadInjured

2[74] Vanuatu6.3142.7-|-|-|3[75] |, State of Yap|6.6|14.6|| ||-
-|-|5[76] [77] [78] | Papua New Guinea, New Britain region|6.8|53.4|| |Some damage was reported. Triggered a tsunami.| -| -|-|[79] | Japan, Hokkaido|6.3|30.1|| ||--|-|11[80] |, Mindanao|6.0|66.9| -|| -| -|-|18[81] |, Komandorskiye Ostrova|6.0|23.2| -|| -| -|-|19[82] ||6.4|137.0| -|| -| -|-|20[83] [84] ||5.9|50.8|V|Landslides blocked a highway between Hua-lien and Su-hua.|1|1|-|23[85] |, southeast of the Loyalty Islands|6.6|18.5| -|| -| -|-|23[86] |, New Britain region|7.0|16.6| -|| -| -|-|25[87] |, Kepulauan Aru region|7.0|27.7|VI|| -| -|-|27[88] ||6.7|171.6|IV|| -| -|-|27[89] ||6.0|176.8| -|Aftershock| -| -|-|28[90] |, Potosi|6.2|279.3| -|| -| -|-|31[91] |, southeast of the Loyalty Islands|6.6|55.5| -|| -| -|}

August

Month:August
8.0–8.9:0
7.0–7.9:2
6.0–6.9:13
Largest:7.6 Solomon Islands
Deadliest:6.9
Nepal 706-1,091 dead
Fatalities:746-1,131
Date! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px"
Country and locationMwDepth (km)MMINotesCasualties
DeadInjured

[92] , Sagaing Region7.390.5Although the 1988 Myanmar–India earthquake had an epicenter in Burma, much of the devastation was in neighboring India and Bangladesh. A seiche occurred in a river which capsized a ferry, killing three and leaving 30 injured or missing. This earthquake was felt in Nepal and the Soviet Union.3330
[93] [94] Papua New Guinea, New Britain region6.125.1--
[95] Afghanistan, Hindu Kush region6.3195.0-|-|-|[96] | Solomon Islands|7.6|34.0|| |Earthquake generated a tsunami which killed one and destroyed homes in 13 villages.[97] |1|-|-|[98] ||6.6|39.8|| |Aftershock|--|-|10[99] |, Easter Island region|6.0|10.0| -|| -| -|-|10[100] ||6.8|124.8|VI|| -| -|-|11[101] |Mauritius - Reunion region|6.2|10.0| -|| -| -|-|11[102] ||6.1|33.0|VII|Some damage reported.|1| -|-|14[103] |Sea of Okhotsk|6.1|644.8| -|| -| -|-|14[104] |, offshore Atacama|6.7|32.5|VI|| -| -|-|15[105] |, Mindanao|6.1|52.0|V|| -| -|-|17[106] |, Java|6.0|27.1|V|| -| -|-|17|, offshore Atacama|6.1|38.5|VI|Aftershock| -| -|-|20[107] |, Nepal-India border region|6.9|57.4|VIII|The 1988 Nepal earthquake killed between 706 and 1,091 people on both sides of the Nepal-India border. The damage cost was about $131.5 million. A seiche in the Jamuna River killed 2 and left many missing.|706-1,091|Many|}

September

Month:September
8.0–8.9:0
7.0–7.9:0
6.0–6.9:4
Largest:6.7 Japan
Fatalities:74
Deadliest:Landslide 74 dead
Date! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px"
Country and locationMwDepth (km)MMINotesCasualties
DeadInjured
6[108] , eastern New Guinea region4.30.0The Kaiapit Landslide occurred on the Saruwaged Range where 1.3 billion m3 of debris flowed through two river valleys, killing 74 people. The landslide was registered on a seismograph.[109] 74
[110] Japan, Izu Islands6.7485.1
14[111] , Kazakhstan6.10.0Nuclear explosion
14[112] Chile, Antofagasta6.0122.6
15[113] 6.2170.2

October

Month:October
8.0–8.9:0
7.0–7.9:1
6.0–6.9:4
Largest:7.1 Tonga
Fatalities:0
Date! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px"
Country and locationMwDepth (km)MMINotesCasualties
DeadInjured
1[114] southern East Pacific Rise6.310.0
4[115] Papua New Guinea, New Ireland region6.128.5
8[116] Tonga region7.135.2
10[117] , Kermadec Islands6.327.7
16[118] region6.033.0V

November

Month:November
8.0–8.9:0
7.0–7.9:1
6.0–6.9:2
Largest:7.7 China,
Fatalities:942
Deadliest:7.7 China, 938 dead
Date! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px"
Country and locationMwDepth (km)MMINotesCasualties
DeadInjured
1[119] United Kingdom, South Sandwich Islands region6.333.0
3[120] [121] Guatemala6.668.5About 100 buildings damaged. Landslides and damage to roads. Felt in El Salvador, and Mexico.5
3[122] [123] United States, Puerto Rico region6.033.3Minor damage at Catano, Puerto Rico.
5[124] , southern Qinghai6.27.6IX
5[125] , southeast of the Loyalty Islands6.242.3
6[126] ,, Myanmar-China border region7.717.8IX-XThe 1988 Lancang earthquake is the largest and deadliest earthquake in Yunnan since 1970. Heavy damage and casualties were reported in Lancang and Mangliang county where over 200,000 buildings were destroyed. The earthquake could be felt in Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. Total cost of damage is around US$270 million.9383,900
6[127] ,, Myanmar-China border region6.410.0VIIIAftershock
7[128] 6.821.8
7[129] Molucca Sea6.065.7
10[130] , Guangxi4.610.0IVDamage in Qinzhou and Fangcheng.71
14[131] Papua New Guinea, New Ireland region6.733.0
17[132] , Samar6.619.3VIIDamage in Catarman.29
18[133] Papua New Guinea, New Britain region6.661.0VI
20[134] southeast Indian Ridge6.110.0
25[135] southeast Indian Ridge6.310.0
25[136] , Saguenay Valley region, Quebec5.928.9VII1988 Saguenay earthquake
30[137] ,, Myanmar-China border region6.110.0VIISeveral people injured and unconfirmed reports of nearly 10 people killed.[138]

December

Month:December
8.0–8.9:0
7.0–7.9:0
6.0–6.9:6
Largest:6.8
Fatalities:25,000
Deadliest:6.8
25,000 deaths
Date! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px"
Country and locationMwDepth (km)MMINotesCasualties
DeadInjured
[139] Tonga6.440.1
[140] , Armenia6.85.4The 1988 Armenian earthquake was the deadliest earthquake of 1988. With an epicenter in what is now Armenia, it seriously damaged and destroyed thousands of homes and public infrastructures, killing at least 25,000 and injuring 31,000. 25,00031,000
[141] Panama6.210.0
[142] Norway, Jan Mayen Island region6.010.0
[143] , Kermadec Islands6.430.7
[144] , Jujuy6.1193.6

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: M 6.0 - Hokkaido, Japan region. USGS-ANSS.
  2. Web site: M 5.2 - Nei Mongol-Ningxia border region, China. USGS-ANSS.
  3. Web site: 9 January 1988. Albania - Earthquake Jan 1988 UNDRO Information Reports 1-2. Reliefweb.
  4. Web site: M 5.9 - Albania. USGS-ANSS.
  5. Web site: M 6.6 - Kermadec Islands region. USGS-ANSS.
  6. Web site: M 6.4 - Tonga. USGS-ANSS.
  7. Web site: M 7.0 - Antofagasta, Chile. USGS-ANSS.
  8. Web site: M 6.2 - Vanuatu. USGS-ANSS.
  9. Web site: M 6.3 - Northern Territory, Australia. USGS-ANSS.
  10. Web site: M 6.3 - Northern Territory, Australia. USGS-ANSS.
  11. Web site: M 6.7 - Northern Territory, Australia. USGS-ANSS.
  12. Web site: Earthquake Event Information AUSTRALIA: TENNANT CREEK. NGDC.
  13. Web site: Hoy. Tiffany. 10 July 2012. Australia's worst earthquakes. Australian Geographic.
  14. Web site: M 6.0 - Tonga. USGS-ANSS.
  15. Web site: M 7.2 - Antofagasta, Chile. USGS-ANSS.
  16. Web site: Significant Earthquake Information CHILE: TALTAL. NGDC.
  17. Web site: Tsunami Event Information NORTHERN CHILE. NGDC.
  18. Web site: M 6.5 - near the coast of Antofagasta, Chile. USGS-ANSS.
  19. Web site: M 5.9 - India-Bangladesh border region. USGS-ANSS.
  20. Web site: Significant Earthquake Information BANGLADESH: SYLHET; INDIA: TIPURA-ASSAM. NGDC.
  21. Web site: M 6.2 - Kepulauan Tanimbar, Indonesia. USGS-ANSS.
  22. Web site: M 6.5 - Oruro, Bolivia. USGS-ANSS.
  23. Web site: M 6.2 - Tonga. USGS-ANSS.
  24. Web site: M 6.4 - 75 km WNW of Ninilchik, Alaska. USGS-ANSS.
  25. Web site: M 6.4 - south of the Aleutian Islands. USGS-ANSS.
  26. Web site: M 6.1 Nuclear Explosion - eastern Kazakhstan. USGS-ANSS.
  27. Web site: M 6.0 - Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. USGS-ANSS.
  28. Web site: M 6.5 - Kepulauan Barat Daya, Indonesia. USGS-ANSS.
  29. Web site: M 6.7 - Tarapaca, Chile. USGS-ANSS.
  30. Web site: M 7.3 - Catanduanes, Philippines. USGS-ANSS.
  31. Web site: M 6.8 - Southwest Indian Ridge. USGS-ANSS.
  32. Web site: M 6.9 - Komandorskiye Ostrova, Russia region. USGS-ANSS.
  33. Web site: M 7.8 - Gulf of Alaska. USGS-ANSS.
  34. Web site: M 6.2 - Gulf of Alaska. USGS-ANSS.
  35. Web site: M 6.7 - Trinidad region, Trinidad and Tobago. USGS-ANSS.
  36. Web site: M 6.6 - Fiji region. USGS-ANSS.
  37. Web site: M 6.0 - Panama-Costa Rica border region. USGS-ANSS.
  38. Web site: M 6.2 - Bismarck Sea. USGS-ANSS.
  39. Web site: M 6.5 - Laptev Sea. USGS-ANSS.
  40. Web site: M 6.2 - northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. USGS-ANSS.
  41. Web site: M 6.2 - Northwest Territories, Canada. USGS-ANSS.
  42. Web site: M 5.9 - southern Iran. USGS-ANSS.
  43. Web site: M 6.3 - Tonga. USGS-ANSS.
  44. Web site: M 6.1 Nuclear Explosion - eastern Kazakhstan. USGS-ANSS.
  45. Web site: M 6.0 - Kyushu, Japan. USGS-ANSS.
  46. Web site: M 6.4 - near the north coast of New Guinea, Papua New Guinea.
  47. Web site: M 6.1 - near the north coast of New Guinea, Papua New Guinea.
  48. Web site: M 7.1 - near the coast of southern Peru.
  49. Web site: M 6.2 - near the coast of southern Peru.
  50. Web site: M 6.3 - South Sandwich Islands region.
  51. Web site: M 6.3 - Solomon Islands.
  52. Web site: M 6.2 - South Sandwich Islands region.
  53. Web site: M 6.1 - southeast of the Loyalty Islands.
  54. Web site: M 6.1 Nuclear Explosion - eastern Kazakhstan.
  55. Web site: M 6.4 - Pagan region, Northern Mariana Islands.
  56. Web site: M 6.3 - Easter Island region.
  57. Web site: M 6.1 - Easter Island region.
  58. Web site: M 6.6 - Nicaragua.
  59. Web site: M 6.0 - Hokkaido, Japan region.
  60. Web site: M 6.1 - central Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
  61. Web site: M 6.1 - offshore Valparaiso, Chile.
  62. Web site: M 6.0 - Unimak Island region, Alaska.
  63. Web site: M 6.9 - Kepulauan Barat Daya, Indonesia.
  64. Web site: M 6.7 - South Island of New Zealand.
  65. Web site: M 6.5 - Vanuatu.
  66. Web site: M 6.3 - Samoa Islands region.
  67. Web site: M 6.5 - Santa Cruz Islands.
  68. Web site: M 6.7 - Gulf of California. United States Geological Survey.
  69. Web site: M 6.2 - Mindoro, Philippines.
  70. Web site: Significant Earthquake Information PHILIPPINES: MINDORO: SAN JOSE, CALAPAN.
  71. Web site: M 5.7 - Luzon, Philippines.
  72. Web site: M 6.0 - Vanuatu.
  73. Web site: M 6.0 - west of Macquarie Island.
  74. Web site: M 6.3 - Vanuatu. United States Geological Survey.
  75. Web site: M 6.6 - State of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia. United States Geological Survey.
  76. Web site: M 6.8 - New Britain region, Papua New Guinea.
  77. Web site: Significant Earthquake: PAPUA NEW GUINEA: NEW BRITAIN: KANDRIAN, ARAWE. National Geophysical Data Center.
  78. Web site: Tsunami Event Information PAPUA NEW GUINEA.
  79. Web site: M 6.3 - Hokkaido, Japan region. United States Geological Survey.
  80. Web site: M 6.0 - Mindanao, Philippines.
  81. Web site: M 6.0 - Komandorskiye Ostrova, Russia region.
  82. Web site: M 6.4 - Tonga.
  83. Web site: M 5.9 - Taiwan.
  84. Web site: Significant Earthquake Information TAIWAN: HUALIEN, SU-HUA.
  85. Web site: M 6.6 - southeast of the Loyalty Islands.
  86. Web site: M 7.0 - New Britain region, Papua New Guinea.
  87. Web site: M 7.0 - Kepulauan Aru region, Indonesia.
  88. Web site: M 6.7 - Vanuatu.
  89. Web site: M 6.0 - Vanuatu.
  90. Web site: M 6.2 - Potosi, Bolivia.
  91. Web site: M 6.6 - southeast of the Loyalty Islands.
  92. Web site: M 7.3 - Myanmar. 29 December 2020. United States Geological Survey.
  93. Web site: M 6.1 - New Britain region, Papua New Guinea. United States Geological Survey.
  94. Web site: August 9, 1912. Significant Earthquake: TURKEY: MARMARA SEA. November 23, 2015. National Geophysical Data Center.
  95. Web site: M 6.3 - Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey.
  96. Web site: M 7.6 - Solomon Islands.
  97. Web site: Tsunami Event Information SOLOMON ISLANDS.
  98. Web site: M 6.6 - Solomon Islands. United States Geological Survey.
  99. Web site: M 6.0 - Easter Island region.
  100. Web site: M 6.8 - Vanuatu.
  101. Web site: M 6.2 - Mauritius - Reunion region.
  102. Web site: M 6.1 - southern Iran.
  103. Web site: M 6.1 - Sea of Okhotsk.
  104. Web site: M 6.7 - offshore Atacama, Chile.
  105. Web site: M 6.1 - Mindanao, Philippines.
  106. Web site: M 6.0 - Java, Indonesia.
  107. Web site: M 6.9 - Nepal-India border region. 29 December 2020. USGS-ANSS.
  108. Web site: M 4.3 Explosion - eastern New Guinea region, Papua New Guinea. USGS-ANSS.
  109. Drechsler. Mark Kenneth. 1989. The Kaiapit Landslide, Papua New Guinea. International Conference on Engineering Geology in Tropical Terrain. Universiti Kebangsaan, Bangi, Malaysia.
  110. Web site: M 6.7 - Izu Islands, Japan region.
  111. Web site: M 6.1 Nuclear Explosion - eastern Kazakhstan.
  112. Web site: M 6.0 - Antofagasta, Chile.
  113. Web site: M 6.2 - Ecuador.
  114. Web site: M 6.3 - southern East Pacific Rise.
  115. Web site: M 6.1 - New Ireland region, Papua New Guinea.
  116. Web site: October 31, 1912. Centennial Earthquake Catalog. November 25, 2015. United States Geological Survey.
  117. Web site: M 6.3 - Kermadec Islands region.
  118. Web site: M 6.0 - Taiwan region.
  119. Web site: M 6.3 - South Sandwich Islands region.
  120. Web site: M 6.6 - Guatemala.
  121. Web site: Earthquake Event Information GUATEMALA: S PALIN, SAN VICENTE PACAYA.
  122. Web site: M 6.0 - Puerto Rico region.
  123. Web site: Significant Earthquake Information PUERTO RICO: MONA PASSAGE: CATANO.
  124. Web site: M 6.2 - southern Qinghai, China.
  125. Web site: M 6.2 - southeast of the Loyalty Islands.
  126. Web site: 1988. M 7.7 - Myanmar-China border region. 29 December 2020. USGS-ANSS.
  127. Web site: M 6.4 - Myanmar-China border region.
  128. Web site: M 6.8 - south of the Fiji Islands.
  129. Web site: M 6.0 - Molucca Sea.
  130. Web site: M 4.6 - Guangxi, China.
  131. Web site: M 6.7 - New Ireland region, Papua New Guinea.
  132. Web site: M 6.6 - Samar, Philippines.
  133. Web site: M 6.6 - New Britain region, Papua New Guinea.
  134. Web site: M 6.1 - southeast Indian Ridge.
  135. Web site: M 6.3 - southeast Indian Ridge.
  136. Web site: M 5.9 - Saguenay Valley region, Quebec, Canada.
  137. Web site: M 6.1 - Myanmar-China border region.
  138. News: Quake rocks Yunnan . 25 June 2024 . Agence-France Presse . The Straits Times . 2 December 1988.
  139. Web site: M 6.4 - Tonga. United States Geological Survey.
  140. Web site: M 6.8 - Armenia. United States Geological Survey.
  141. Web site: M 6.2 - south of Panama. United States Geological Survey.
  142. Web site: M 6.0 - Jan Mayen Island region. United States Geological Survey.
  143. Web site: M 6.4 - Kermadec Islands, New Zealand. United States Geological Survey.
  144. Web site: M 6.1 - Jujuy, Argentina. United States Geological Survey.

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