List of driverless train systems explained

This is a list of driverless train systems, which are capable of GoA3 and GoA4 (GoA3+) according to the Grade of Automation classifications specified by the standard IEC 62290‐1. These are explained diagrammatically by the UITP. This list focuses heavily on trains in the classical sense used for large-scale railways for passengers and freight but does include a few people mover systems. For a similar list for GoA2, see list of semi-automatic train systems.

Grade-of-Automation 3 systems

These systems are capable of driverless train operation (DTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.

GoA3 – Americas

Country/regionName of systemLineDateSystemNotes
Brazil SelTrac[1]
São Paulo Metro2009+[2] ATO
United StatesSelTrac

GoA3 – Asia

Country/regionName of systemLineDateSystemNotes
China (Mainland) Alstom Urbalis 400
FITSCO JeRail
Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0 Initially operated in GoA1 (Manual operation) [3]
CASCO TRANAVI [4]
CASCO [5]
Indonesia SiLSafe 5000
Japan
PakistanLahore MetroOrange LineCASCO (Alstom)
SingaporeSentosa ExpressHitachi Moving Block Wireless CBTC

GoA3 – Europe

Country/regionName of systemLineDateSystemNotes
Hungary
Spain Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
United Kingdom SelTrac

Grade-of-Automation 4 systems

These systems are capable of unattended train operation (UTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.

GoA4 – Americas

Country/regionName of systemLineDateSystemNotes
Brazil
São Paulo MetroLine 1 (Blue)Alstom Urbalis CBTC[6]
Line 3 (Red) (Under Conversion)
First completely driverless metro line in Latin America.[7]
Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Canada
The longest driverless network in the Americas, at 79.6km.[8]
REM (Réseau Express Metropolitain) (Partially opened; rest of the line under construction)Alstom Urbalis 400
Chile [9]
Mexico
Peru AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC
United States Mitsubishi Crystal Mover[10] / Thales SelTrac[11]
VAL system
SelTrac
SelTrac
Aria Express
DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
SelTrac [12]
Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Otis Hovair
Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Otis Hovair
Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Mitsubishi Crystal Mover[13] / Kyosan[14]
Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro / DTG [15]
Otis Hovair
SelTrac
SelTrac
DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Otis Hovair
proprietary (1975-2014), SelTrac (2014-present)
Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
GE E60 electric locomotives
Venezuela

GoA4 – Asia

Country/regionName of systemLineDateSystemNotes
China (Mainland) Bombardier CITYFLO 550
BTCT [16]
[17]
Alstom Urbalis 400 [18]
[19]
Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [20] [21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
Alstom/CASCO Urbalis 888[25] Initially operated in GoA2 and GoA3, transitioned to GoA4 in 2020[26]
Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0 [27]
Alstom Urbalis 400 [28]
Fitsco JeRail [29]
BTCT [30]
CASCO Urbalis 888 [31]
CASCO TRANAVI Qiji[32]
Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [33]
CASCO Urbalis 888
[34]
[35]
CASCO Urbalis 888 [36]
(closed)
(re-opening)
[37]
Hong Kong SelTrac
SelTrac Most trains have an attendant on board
South Island line (East) Alstom Urbalis 400 All trains have an attendant on board[38]
India Bombardier CITYFLO 650 58.59km (36.41miles). Initially with an attendant on board[39]
Nippon Signal SPARCS Initially with an attendant on board
Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Ansaldo STS CBTC
Indonesia Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [40] [41]
LRT Line 2
LRT Line 3
Japan
World's first GoA4 line
World's first unmanned maglev
Previously used GoA2 from 1981 to 1991
People Mover monorail
Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
Macau [42]
Malaysia
SelTracThe first GoA4 in Malaysia, at 46.4km (28.8miles)
The second GoA4, at 47km (29miles)
Sri Petaling Line
Bombardier CITYFLO 650 The fifth GoA4 and the longest in Malaysia, at 57.7km (35.9miles)
Pakistan The first driverless metro in Pakistan.
Qatar SelTrac
Saudi ArabiaAnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG[43]
Singapore Kyosan APM
Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Kyosan APM
Alstom Urbalis 300
Siemens Trainguard Sirius CBTC
[44] Thales SelTrac Convergence CBTC[45]
(Tuas West extension)
28 May 2018 (whole line)
[46] Alstom Urbalis 400
South Korea SelTrac
SelTrac
VAL system
Nippon Signal SPARCS
SelTrac
Urbanaut
TaiwanTaichung MetroGreen LineAlstom Urbalis 400
AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC Currently operated with attendant on-board
Thailand
Turkey [47]
Bombardier CITYFLO 650
United Arab Emirates
SelTrac

GoA4 – Europe

Country/regionName of systemLineDateSystemNotes
Denmark AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG
AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC
France VAL system
VAL system First line to use the VAL system
Alstom Urbalis 400
VAL system
VAL system
VAL system
Germany
[48]
VAL system
GreeceThessaloniki Metro
Hungary [49]
Italy AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG
Intamin People Mover P30[50]
Milan MetroAnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC
AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG
AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG
VAL system
Russia
Spain 47.8km (29.7miles)
Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Switzerland Alstom Urbalis 300
Turkey
Aselsan Initially operated in GoA3, transitioned to GoA4 on 3 January 2024[51] [52]
United Kingdom
Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Bombardier CITYFLO 550

GoA4 – Oceania

Country/regionName of systemLineDateSystemNotes
Australia Hitachi AutoHaul
North West & Bankstown LineAlstom Urbalis 400

Future systems

Americas

Country/regionName of systemLineDateSystemNotes
Brazil
November Nippon Signal SPARCS [53]
June [54] [55]
CanadaToronto SubwayOntario Line2031Hitachi Rail
Chile
Peru AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC

Asia

Country/regionName of systemLineDateSystemNotes
China (Mainland) [56]
-2025 CARS MTC-1 [57]
[58] [59] [60]
India
Japan
Malaysia Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Malaysia /SingaporeRTS Link
Singapore -2029 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[61]
-2032 [62]
South Korea
Taiwan AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC
Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Thailand
Turkey

Europe

Country/regionName of systemLineDateSystemNotes
Czech Republic -2030
France
2027 Alstom Urbalis 400
2026
–2035
Alstom Urbalis Fluence
Alstom Urbalis 400
Greece Alstom Urbalis 400
November 2024 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC
2025
Ireland 2035
Spain -2029
SwedenStockholm metroYellow Line2034[56][57]|-|Switzerland|Appenzeller Bahnen|RhW|2027|Stadler NOVA Pro||-|United Kingdom|Glasgow Subway||2025|Hitachi Rail STS CBTC|[63] |}

Oceania

Country/regionName of systemLineDateSystemNotes
Australia Alstom Urbalis 400
Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[64]
Suburban Rail Loop (Melbourne)

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Thales Awarded Signalling Contract for News Salvador Metro . . 24 March 2014 . 29 December 2018.
  2. Web site: Jackson . Chris . 2009-02-20 . Automating Brazil’s busiest metro lines . 2024-06-26 . Railway Gazette International . en.
  3. Web site: 上海5号线TSTCBTC®2.0信号系统成功通过载客运营考核评审 – TST. 2021-03-02. www.thalessec.com.cn.
  4. Web site: 卡斯柯100%全自主信号护航 上海轨道交通17号线开通载客运营. www.casco.com.cn. 2019-09-10.
  5. News: 武汉地铁进入全自动驾驶时代 5号线有望"尝鲜". 16 May 2018. Chutian Metropolis Daily. 19 February 2019. Wuhan Metro enters the fully driverless era: Line 5 could have "early preview". China News Service. 13 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191013024608/http://www.hb.chinanews.com/news/2018/0516/303486.html. dead.
  6. Web site: 2022 . Relatório de Empreendimentos – Julho/2022 . 20 September 2022 . Metrô.
  7. Web site: ViaQuatro ganha Prêmio UITP Latino. pt.
  8. Web site: Evergreen Extension opening today. 2 December 2016.
  9. Web site: 2017-11-06 . Santiago de Chile brings a new reality to urban mobility with Thales signalling systems Thales Group . 2024-10-27 . www.thalesgroup.com . en.
  10. Web site: Crystal Mover Services, Inc. Washington Dulles International Airport . 2024-01-18 . Crystal Mover Services, Inc. . en.
  11. Web site: 2015-12-16 . USA Thales Group . 2024-01-18 . www.thalesgroup.com . en.
  12. Web site: 2016-12-01 . The Evolution of CBTC . 2024-06-27.
  13. Web site: Crystal Mover Services, Inc. Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport . 2024-01-18 . Crystal Mover Services, Inc. . en.
  14. Web site: KYOSAN HISTORY｜History of Kyosan｜Company Information ｜ Kyosan Electric Mfg. Co., Ltd. . 2024-01-18 . www.kyosan.co.jp.
  15. Web site: 'Skyline' Opens in Honolulu. 30 June 2023 . 2023-07-01.
  16. Beijing welcome significant expansion of their urban rail network . Intelligent Transport . 29 December 2018.
  17. Web site: 建设运营 北京地铁大兴机场线下月底开通. 2019-08-30. 2022-10-15. 2019-12-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20191217025904/https://www.chinametro.net/index.php?m=newscon&id=539&aid=48673. dead.
  18. News: Chengdu driverless metro contracts awarded. Ltd. DVV Media International. Metro Report. 2018-05-21. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20180704130020/http://www.metro-report.com/news/single-view/view/chengdu-driverless-metro-contracts-awarded.html. 2018-07-04.
  19. Web site: 新浪新闻综合. 2021-03-19. 明日暂不通车！济南地铁2号线预计3月下旬开始初期运营. 2021-12-29. news.sina.com.cn.
  20. Web site: 西门子交通扩大在华城轨全自动运行信号系统市场_ · 西门子. www.sohu.com. en. 2020-05-19.
  21. Web site: 新闻稿 新闻 西门子中国. w1.siemens.com.cn. 2020-05-19.
  22. Web site: 南宁地铁5号线开通！华南地区首条全自动运行地铁. 2021-12-30. gx.people.com.cn.
  23. Web site: 宁波轨道交通5号线一期12月28日10点开通运营. 2021-12-30. www.bl.gov.cn.
  24. Web site: 青岛地铁6号线列车自主运行系统（TACS）完成首列样车试验线测试. 上海国际轨道交通展览会. zh-hans. 2020-05-19. 2021-01-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20210122135628/http://railmetrochina.com/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%816%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E8%87%AA%E4%B8%BB%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%EF%BC%88tacs%EF%BC%89%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E9%A6%96%E5%88%97%E6%A0%B7.html. dead.
  25. Web site: 2019-03-08. Urbalis 888国产化列车运行控制系统解决方案. 2021-06-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20190308141826/http://www.casco.com.cn/solution/details.aspx?cid=72620543991349248&id=3. 2019-03-08.
  26. Web site: 上海地铁10号线列车驾驶室接连拆除，发生了什么？. 2021-06-06. sh.people.com.cn.
  27. Web site: 上海地铁14、15、18号线将全部采用无人驾驶 . Shanghai Metro Lines 14, 15 and 18 will all be unmanned . 10 October 2018 . Kanxsw.com . 2018-11-03.
  28. Web site: 上海轨道交通14、15、18号线将全部实现无人驾驶. 上海国际轨道交通展览会. zh-hans. 2020-04-21. 2020-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20201027090600/http://railmetrochina.com/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A14%E3%80%8115%E3%80%8118%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%B0%86%E5%85%A8%E9%83%A8%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E9%A9%BE%E9%A9%B6.html. dead.
  29. Web site: 上海首条全自动运行线路——浦江线开通试运营 - 上海富欣智能交通控制有限公司 . 2024-04-23 . www.fitsco.com.cn.
  30. Web site: 地铁14号线将采用无人驾驶 项目预计2022年竣工_龙岗新闻网. ilonggang.sznews.com. 2018-08-13.
  31. Web site: Winning three bids in a row! CASCO continues to be the front-runner of the industry. CASCO Signal Ltd.. 2020-08-23.
  32. Web site: Shenzhen Metro Line 20 Starts Its "Driverless" Operation Today under the Navigation of CASCO Qiji . 2024-04-21 . www.casco.com.cn.
  33. Web site: Siemens Mobility to install CBTC system on two Chinese metro lines . Railway Pro. 5 November 2018 . 2020-08-23.
  34. Web site: 中国新闻网. 2021-12-28. 天津地铁首条全自动运行线路开通 智慧车站示范站亮相津门. 2021-12-29. finance.sina.com.cn.
  35. Web site: "武汉造"全自动无人驾驶地铁列车来啦！不设驾驶室，还有这些"高精尖"_首页武汉_新闻中心_长江网_cjn.cn. 2021-12-30. news.cjn.cn.
  36. Web site: 卡斯柯中标西安地铁16号线一期！为西北首条GoA4级全自动无人驾驶线路. 2023-07-10. CASCO.
  37. Web site: 郑州地铁12号线最新消息来了！可实现无人驾驶_经开区. 2021-03-20. www.sohu.com. en.
  38. News: 南港島線無人駕駛列車 職員長駐隨時應急. 東方日報 Oriental Daily. 25 December 2016.
  39. News: Rajput. Abhinav. South Delhi-Noida direct Metro connectivity by August. 10 May 2016. Hindustan Times. HT Media Limited. April 28, 2016.
  40. News: Afriyadi . Achmad Dwi . Pakai Teknologi Jerman, LRT Jabodebek Bisa Jalan Tanpa Masinis . 6 November 2019 . detikfinance . detikcom . detikcom . 27 July 2019.
  41. News: Uji Coba Sistem Persinyalan LRT Jabodebek Berjalan Mulus PT Len Industri (Persero) . 24 May 2021 . PT LEN Industri . PT LEN Industri . 4 November 2020.
  42. Web site: Taipa line of the Macau light railway starts operating. 10 December 2019. Macauhub. en-US. 2019-12-31.
  43. Web site: Betis . Alexander . Torre . Marino . Ghiorzo . Alessandro . Del Gaudio . Giovanni . La Linea M4 di Milano: Approfondiamo Gli Aspetti Tecnici – L'evoluzione del sistema di automazione dalla M5 alla M4, evoluzione e non rivoluzione . The M4 line of Milan: we examine the technical aspects - the evolution of the automation system from M5 to M4, evolution and non-revolution . 2017-04-06 . 18 . CIFI . Collegio Ingegneri Ferroviari Italiani. it . 2022-03-13.
  44. Web site: 2018-05-29 . All MRT lines now on new signalling system . 2019-07-06 . The Straits Times . en.
  45. Web site: TODAY Online . April 13, 2017 . doors open and close automatically under the new system-Gov.sg . February 9, 2018 . gov.sg.
  46. Web site: First three stations of Thomson-East Coast Line to begin service on Jan 31; free travel for commuters for three days. 2019-12-11. The Straits Times. en. 2019-12-31.
  47. News: Erdoğan opens first driverless metro line in Istanbul . UK . DVV Media . Metro Report . 2017-12-23 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20181123020012/https://www.metro-report.com/news/single-view/view/erdogan-opens-first-driverless-metro-line-in-istanbul.html . 2018-11-23 .
  48. Web site: Munich Airport streaks ahead of Berlin with driverless trains. 2016-02-22. www.thelocal.de. en-GB. 2019-10-11.
  49. [Railway Gazette International]
  50. Web site: 2021-02-08 . Marconi Express 2020 in Operation . 2022-03-13 . Intamin Transportation . en-GB.
  51. Web site: İstanbul Airport metro opens. 2023-01-18. Rail Turkey. en-US. 2023-07-09.
  52. Web site: Özen . Ege Buğra . 2024-01-03 . İstanbul Havalimanı'na yerli metro . Local metro to Istanbul Airport . 2024-09-30 . AirTurkHaber . tr.
  53. Web site: Grupo brasileiro assume 15% na concessão da Linha 6 do Metrô e governo de SP admite novo atraso nas obras. 19 January 2018. G1. pt-br. 4 July 2019.
  54. Web site: Monotrilho da Linha 17 Ouro somente em 2021. Fernando Galfo. 2019-02-11. Ferroviando. pt-BR. 2019-07-06.
  55. Web site: DefesaNet – Tecnologia – THALES – Fornecerá Tecnologia sem Condutor à Linha 17-Ouro do Metrô de SP. www.defesanet.com.br. 2019-07-06.
  56. News: 北京6条地铁线将实现无人驾驶 首先将用于燕房线. 18 November 2015. People's Daily. 11 April 2019. zh. 6 Beijing Subway lines to achieve driverless operation, beginning with the Yanfang Line. 19 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151119171127/http://bj.people.com.cn/n/2015/1118/c233088-27124680.html.
  57. Web site: 三条地铁新线将全自动运行. sina_mobile. 2020-04-09. tech.sina.cn. 2020-05-19.
  58. Web site: 深圳地铁四期采用"无人驾驶"5、9号线二期将在年内投入运营_深圳新闻网. www.sznews.com. 2020-05-19.
  59. Web site: 深圳地铁四期工程将全面推广无人驾驶_深圳新闻网. www.sznews.com. 2020-05-19.
  60. Web site: 深圳地铁迎来"无人驾驶"时代 将配"全自动运行系统". sina_mobile. 2019-05-11. shenzhen.sina.cn. 2020-05-19.
  61. Web site: Jurong Region Line to serve NTU, Tengah estate, Jurong Industrial Estate. CNA. en. 2019-07-03.
  62. Web site: First phase of Cross Island Line to open by 2029 with 12 stations. CNA. en. 2019-07-03. 2020-03-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20200305115737/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cross-island-line-mrt-stations-first-phase-ready-by-2029-11164656. dead.
  63. Web site: Allardyce . Jason . May 29, 2022 . Glasgow’s ‘Clockwork orange’ to face a driverless future . live . https://archive.today/20220529032957/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/glasgow-clockwork-orange-driverless-future-trains-wdx6gdgcd . 29 May 2022 . April 22, 2024 . The Times.
  64. Web site: Transform mobility in Western Sydney . 2024-06-03 . Siemens Mobility Global . en.

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