List of disasters in New York City by death toll explained

This is a list of disasters that have occurred in New York City organized by death toll. The list is general and comprehensive, comprising natural disasters (including epidemics) and man-made disasters both purposeful and accidental. It does not normally include numerous non-notable deadly events such as disease deaths in an ordinary year, nor most deaths due to residential fires, traffic collisions and criminal homicide. Particularly for epidemics, years reflect when the event impacted New York City rather than the world at large.

YearEventTypedata-sort-type="number"Death tollNotes and sources
1983–presentHIV/AIDS epidemicdisease84,027+[1]
2020–2023COVID-19 pandemicdisease[2]
1918–1919Spanish fludisease20,403–33,000[3] [4] [5]
1849Third cholera pandemic (1st wave)disease5,071[6]
1832Second cholera pandemic (1st wave)disease3,513
2001September 11 attacksterrorism2,753[7]
1854Third cholera pandemic (2nd wave)disease2,509
1798Yellow feverdisease2,086[8]
19161916 New York City polio epidemicdisease+[9]
1872Smallpox epidemicdisease1,666
18961896 Eastern North America heat waveweather1,300[10]
1866Fourth cholera pandemicdisease1,137
1904PS General Slocummaritime1,021[11]
1834Second cholera pandemic (2nd wave)disease971
1972Heat waveweather891[12] [13]
1795Yellow feverdisease732[14]
1731Smallpoxdisease549[15]
1702Yellow feverdisease500
1776Battle of Long Islandwarfare364[16]
19631963 New York City smogpollution–405[17]
1876Brooklyn Theatre firefire+[18]
2001American Airlines Flight 587aircraft265
1996TWA Flight 800aircraft230
19531953 New York City smogpollution–260
19661966 New York City smogpollution–400[19] [20]
1911Triangle Shirtwaist Factory firefire146[21]
1776Battle of Fort Washingtonwarfare143[22]
1840Lexingtonmaritime–154
1960Park Slope plane crashaircraft134
1776Battle of Harlem Heightswarfare122[23]
1863New York City draft riotsmass unrest–120[24] [25]
1975Eastern Air Lines Flight 66aircraft113
1871Westfield disastermaritime–125[26] [27]
1888Great Blizzard of 1888weather–200[28] [29]
1918Malbone Street Wreckrail–102[30] [31]
1962American Airlines Flight 1aircraft95
1990Happy Land firefire87[32]
1899Windsor Hotel firefire86[33]
1965Eastern Air Lines Flight 663aircraft84
1950Kew Gardens train crashrail78[34]
1932Observationmaritime72[35]
1732Yellow feverdisease70
1850Hague Street explosionexplosion+[36] [37]
1959American Airlines Flight 320aircraft65
1871Second Orange Riotmass unrest62[38]
1891Park Place disasterexplosion61[39]
2012Hurricane Sandyweather53[40]
1926Linseed Kingmaritime–58[41] [42]
1852Henry Claymaritime~50[43]
1947United Airlines Flight 521aircraft43
1851Ninth Ward School disasterfire43[44]
1969February 1969 nor'easterweather42[45]
19731973 Staten Island gas explosionexplosion40[46]
1643Massacre at Corlears Hookwarfare40[47]
1920Wall Street bombingterrorism38
1946Knickerbocker Ice Company disasterfire37[48]
1741New York Conspiracy of 1741mass unrest34
1966New York Harbor tanker collisionmaritime33[49]
1845Great New York City Fire of 1845fire30[50]
1712New York Slave Revolt of 1712mass unrest–36
1892Hotel Royal firefire28[51]
1992USAir Flight 405aircraft27
1923Manhattan State Hospital firefire27[52]
1954Alitalia Flight 451aircraft26
1976Puerto Rican Social Club firefire25[53]
1962Eastern Air Lines Flight 512aircraft25
1958Monarch Underwear Company firefire24
1880Seawanhaka disastermaritime24–35[54] [55]
1962New York Telephone Company boiler explosionexplosion23[56]
1849Astor Place Riotmass unrest–31[57] [58]
1902Park Avenue Hotel firefire21[59]
1908Gold Street explosionexplosion+[60] [61]
1905Allen Street tenement firefire+[62]
1957Northeast Airlines Flight 823aircraft20
1860Elm Street tenement firefire20[63]
1937New Brighton tenement collapsestructural collapse19[64]
20222022 Bronx apartment firefire17[65]
1885Glass House disasterstructural collapse17[66]
19281928 Times Square derailmentrail–18[67]
1895Ireland Building collapsestructural collapse16[68]
18931893 Long Island Rail Road collisionrail16[69]
1902Park Avenue Tunnel crashrail–17[70] [71]
2011World Wide Tours bus crashroad15[72]
1902Madison Square fireworks explosionexplosion15[73]
1883Church of the Most Holy Redeemer school firefire–16[74] [75]
19451945 Empire State Building B-25 crashaircraft14[76]
2021Hurricane Idaweather13[77]
1968Williamsburg apartment firefire13[78]
1905Ninth Avenue derailmentrail13[79] [80]
1899Andrews mansion firefire13[81]
1877E. Greenfield candy factory firefire13[82]
20172017 Bronx apartment firefire12[83]
19701970 New York City gas explosionexplosion12[84]
196623rd Street Firefire12[85]
1915Diamond Candy Company firefire12[86]
18831883 Brooklyn Bridge stampedemass unrest12[87]
20032003 Staten Island Ferry crashmaritime11[88]
1975LaGuardia Airport bombingterrorism11[89]
1970Trans International Airlines Flight 863aircraft11
1854W. T. Jennings firefire11
1984Palm Sunday massacrehomicide10[90]
1956Bush Terminal explosionexplosion10[91]
19381938 New England hurricaneweather10[92]
1910Grand Central Station explosionexplosion10[93]
2009Hudson River mid-air collisionaircraft9[94]
1991City College stampedemass unrest9[95]
1977Everard Baths firefire9[96]
1894Newtown Creek Bridge disasterstructural collapse9[97]
2017New York City truck attackterrorism8[98]
2014East Harlem gas explosionexplosion8[99]
1995Freddy's Fashion Mart attackhomicide8[100]
1932Ritz Tower Hotel fire and explosionexplosion8[101]
19231923 Brooklyn elevated train crashrail8[102]
19021902 New York City Subway explosionexplosion8[103]
1870First Orange Riotmass unrest8[104]
18821882 Spuyten Duyvil train wreckrail8[105]
1857Dead Rabbits riotmass unrest8[106]
2008303 East 51st Street crane collapsestructural collapse7[107]
19151915 New York City Subway explosionexplosion–25[108]
1917Domino Sugar Refinery explosionexplosion–12[109] [110]
1993World Trade Center Bombingterrorism6[111]
1978Waldbaum's firefire6[112]
19671967 New York City freight train collisionrail6[113]
1962Queens soap plant firefire6
1943Harlem riot of 1943mass unrest6
1912Equitable Life Building firefire6[114]
18911891 New York City train collisionrail6[115]
20182018 New York City helicopter crashaircraft5[116]
1991Union Square derailmentrail5[117]
1977Pan Am Building helicopter crashaircraft5[118]
1959American Airlines Flight 514aircraft5
19521952 Queens plane crashaircraft5
194640 Wall Street plane crashaircraft5[119]
19011901 Staten Island Ferry crashmaritime4–5[120] [121]
2013December 2013 Spuyten Duyvil derailmentrail4[122]
1975Fraunces Tavern bombingterrorism4[123]
1973Broadway Central Hotel collapsestructural collapse4[124]
1947North American blizzard of 1947weather4[125]
19291929 New York City Subway collisionrail4[126]
1914Lexington Avenue explosionterrorism4[127]
1691Leisler's Rebellionwarfare4[128]
1788Doctors' riotmass unrest–20[129]
1989Gramercy Park asbestos steam explosionexplosion3[130]
1970Greenwich Village townhouse explosionterrorism3[131]
19461946 St. George Terminal firefire3[132]
1935Harlem riot of 1935mass unrest3
2015East Village gas explosionexplosion2[133]
20062006 New York City plane crashaircraft2[134]
1991Crown Heights riotmass unrest2[135]
1989USAir Flight 5050aircraft2
19581958 East River collisionmaritime2[136]
19471947 New York City smallpox outbreakdisease2[137]
19291929 Yankee Stadium stampedemass unrest2[138]
1835Great Fire of New Yorkfire2[139]
20202020 New York City Subway firerail1[140]
20192019 New York City helicopter crashaircraft1[141]
20072007 New York City steam explosionexplosion1
1995Williamsburg Bridge subway collisionrail1[142]
1964Harlem riot of 1964mass unrest1[143]
1956Sylvania Electric Products explosionexplosion1[144]
1949Holland Tunnel firefire1[145]
1942SS Normandiemaritime1[146]
19151915 New York City Subway firerail1[147]
1770Battle of Golden Hillwarfare–1[148]
2009US Airways Flight 1549aircraft0
1975Overseas National Airways Flight 032aircraft0[149]
19691969 New York City gas explosionexplosion0[150] [151]
19191919 Standard Oil Company firefire0[152]
1866–presentGreenpoint oil spillpollutionunknown[153]
1776Great Fire of New Yorkfireunknown[154]
1655Peach Warwarfareunknown
1643–1645Kieft's Warwarfareunknown

See also

Notes and References

  1. Summary of Vital Statistics 2019 . . December 2021 . 101 . July 2, 2022.
  2. Web site: COVID-19: Data Totals . . April 13, 2023 . April 14, 2023.
  3. Web site: Toole . Pauline . The Flu Epidemic of 1918 . . March 1, 2018 . May 3, 2020.
  4. Aimone . Francesco . The 1918 Influenza Epidemic in New York City: A Review of the Public Health Response . . 2010 . 125 . Suppl 3 . 71–79 . 10.1177/00333549101250S310 . 20568569. 2862336 .
  5. News: Poon . Linda . Remembering the 'Mother of All Pandemics,' 100 Years Later . September 18, 2018 . . July 2, 2022.
  6. Summary of Vital Statistics 2017 . . July 2019 . cover . May 3, 2020.
  7. Web site: World Trade Center Operational Statistics . Office of Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York . September 3, 2015 . May 3, 2020.
  8. Duffy . John . Nineteenth Century Public Health in New York and New Orleans: A Comparison . Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association . 15 . 4 . 325–337 . 1974 . 11632467.
  9. Melnick . Joseph L. . Current status of poliovirus infections . Clinical Microbiology Reviews . 9 . 3 . 293–300 . July 1, 1996 . 8809461 . 172894 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110928101428/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/293 . 28 September 2011 . 10.1128/CMR.9.3.293 .
  10. Book: Kohn, Edward P. . Hot Time in the Old Town: The Great Heat Wave of 1896 and the Making of Theodore Roosevelt . New York . . 2011 . 978-0465024285 . ii.
  11. Web site: Wingfield . Valerie . The General Slocum Disaster of June 15, 1904 . June 13, 2011 . . May 3, 2020.
  12. Whitman . Steven . Good . Glenn . Dongohue . Edmund R. . Benbow . Nanette . Shou . Wenyuan . Shou . Shanxuan . Mortality in Chicago Attributed to the July 1995 Heat Wave . . September 1997 . 87 . 9 . 1515–1518 . 10.2105/ajph.87.9.1515 . 9314806 . 1380980.
  13. News: Bahrampour . Tara . Most Deadly of the Natural Disasters: The Heat Wave . August 13, 2002 . . May 3, 2020.
  14. Heaton . Claude Edwin . Yellow Fever in New York City . April 1946 . Bulletin of the Medical Library Association . 34 . 2 . 67–78 . 16016720 . 194570.
  15. Book: Purvis, Thomas L.. Colonial America To 1763. 2014-05-14. Infobase Publishing. 978-1-4381-0799-8. en.
  16. Web site: The Battle of Long Island: The 1776 Setback . History on the Net . 18 September 2019 . . May 3, 2020.
  17. Web site: Cohen . Michael . Remembering New York City's days of deadly smog . March 22, 2017 . 6sqft . May 4, 2020.
  18. News: Schroeder . Jessa . Little known details surrounding the 1876 Brooklyn Theatre fire that killed hundreds of people . December 5, 2016 . . May 3, 2020.
  19. News: Bird . David . October 27, 1967 . NOVEMBER SMOG KILLED 168 HERE; Study Shows 24 Died a Day Over Period of Week . . May 4, 2020.
  20. Web site: Carlson . Jen . Last Night's Smog Problem On Mad Men Was A Real Problem In 1966 . . March 14, 2012 . May 4, 2020.
  21. von Drehle . David . Uncovering the History of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire . August 2006 . . May 3, 2020.
  22. Web site: Fort Washington . . May 3, 2020.
  23. Book: Phelps Johnston, Henry . The Battle of Harlem Heights, September 16, 1776 With a Review of the Events of the Campaign . 1987 . New York . . 2180786.
  24. Web site: VNY: Draft Riots Aftermath . . May 3, 2020.
  25. Book: McPherson, James M. . James M. McPherson

    . James M. McPherson . 1982 . Ordeal By Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction . 360 . Alfred A. Knopf . New York . 978-0-394-52469-6 . registration .

  26. News: Worst Ferry Disaster In City Was in 1871 . November 8, 1978 . . B9 . May 3, 2020.
  27. News: Kelley . Tina . City's Worst Transportation Disasters . October 16, 2003 . . May 3, 2020.
  28. News: Keller . Mitch . Long-Ago Snow . December 31, 2006 . . May 4, 2020.
  29. Lott . Neal . The Big One! A Review of the March 12–14, 1993 'Storm of the Century' . 93-01 . May 14, 1993 . . May 3, 2020.
  30. News: I.R.T. SAFETY RECORD STILL THE HIGHEST; This Subway Has Had Only Five Serious Mishaps While Carrying Many Millions. WRECKS ON OTHER ROADS; 93 Were Killed and 103 Hurt in Crash of Train in Malbone St. Tunnel in 1918. . August 25, 1928 . The New York Times . May 3, 2020.
  31. Book: Sansone, Gene . New York Subways: An Illustrated History of New York City's Transit Cars . 2004 . Johns Hopkins University Press . Baltimore . 0801879221 . 165.
  32. News: Roberts . Sam . Sam Roberts (newspaper journalist) . Julio Gonzalez, Arsonist Who Killed 87 at New York Club in '90, Dies at 61 . September 14, 2016 . . May 3, 2020.
  33. News: Gray . Christopher . Christopher Gray (architectural historian) . A Day of Heroism and Horror . January 7, 2010 . . May 3, 2020.
  34. News: Furfaro . Danielle . Italiano . Laura . This horrific, deadly train wreck sparked the creation of the MTA . . September 19, 2017 . May 3, 2020.
  35. Book: Cudahy, Brian J. . Around Manhattan Island and Other Maritime Tales of New York . New York . Fordham University Press . 1997 . 9780823217618 . 162.
  36. The Dreadful Explosion in New York . The Friend: A Religious and Literary Journal . 176 . February 16, 1850 . May 4, 2020.
  37. The great explosion in New-York, February 4th, 1850 . 1850 . Lithograph . New York . Sun Lithographic Establishment . May 4, 2020 . 2012649718.
  38. Web site: Kennedy . Robert C. . On This Day: July 29, 1871 . July 29, 2001 . . May 4, 2020.
  39. Web site: 08/22/1891: Park Place Building Explosion and Collapse . . August 23, 2013 . May 4, 2020.
  40. Deaths Associated with Hurricane Sandy — October–November 2012 . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report . May 24, 2013 . 62 . 20 . 393–397 . 23698603 . . May 3, 2020. Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) . 4604935 .
  41. News: TOLL THIRD WORST IN HARBOR HISTORY; 1,021 Lost on the General Sio-cum in 1904 and 51 to 58 on the Linseed King in 1926. MULROONEY RECALLS FIRE Arrested Excursion Boat Captain in Hospital Where Observation's Pilot Died Yesterday. . . September 10, 1932 . May 4, 2020.
  42. The Linseed King. Petition of Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc. . 24 . F.2d . 967 . District Court, S. D. New York. . 1928 . https://cite.case.law/f2d/24/967/ . March 4, 2020 . The exact number of men who boarded the boat is in dispute..
  43. http://www.catskill.net/purple/clay.htm Hansen, Kris. "Death Passage on the Hudson, The Wreck of the Henry Clay", Purple Mountain Press, 2004
  44. Book: Le Brun, Nicolas . Construction History: Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Construction History (6ICCH 2018), July 9-13, 2018, Brussels, Belgium . . 2018 . 9780429013614.
  45. News: Moritz . Owen . 40 years ago, snow caught Queens - and Lindsay - by surprise . February 9, 2009 . . May 4, 2020.
  46. Web site: Henry . Ryan . Feb. 10th, 1973; Staten Island liquefied natural gas explosion in kills 40 workers . February 11, 2020 . HazmatNation . May 4, 2020.
  47. Book: Sciences, Staten Island Association of Arts and. https://books.google.com/books?id=e1MxAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA53. Proceedings of the Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences. 1910. The Association. 53–57. en. The Massacre of the Lenape Indians in 1643.
  48. News: Clines . Francis X. . About New York . September 25, 1979 . . May 4, 2020.
  49. Book: Maritime Training Advisory Board . Marine Fire Prevention, Firefighting and Fire Safety: A Comprehensive Training and Reference Manual . DIANE . 1994 . 9780788104787 . 51.
  50. Web site: Shelhamer . Charles . How Fire Disaster Shaped the Evolution of the New York City Building Code . December 4, 2010 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20130109150840/http://bsj.iccsafe.org/2010Dec/features/nyc_code_history.html . January 9, 2013 . May 3, 2020.
  51. Book: Hellmann, Paul T. . Historical Gazetteer of the United States . . 2006 . 9781135948597 . 776.
  52. Verzoni . Angelo . High Risk: The Manhattan State Hospital fire of 1923, New York City . January 2, 2019 . NFPA Journal . March 3, 2020.
  53. News: Algar . Selim . The deadliest infernos in Big Apple history . December 29, 2017 . . May 3, 2020.
  54. Investigation of Dirigible Disasters: Hearings Before a Joint Committee to Investigate Dirigible Disasters . U.S. Government Printing Office . 1933 . May 4, 2020 . 732.
  55. News: HOW THE FIRE OCCURRED: A BURSTED TUBE IN THE SEA WANHAKA'S BOILER. . July 31, 1880 . . 8.
  56. News: BOILER-BLAST SUIT ASKS $8.2 MILLION; 10 Sue in '62 Phone Building Explosion Fatal to 23 . July 15, 1964 . . May 4, 2020.
  57. Simon, Scott (host); McConachie, Bruce . Remembering New York City's Opera Riots . May 13, 2006 . radio . . . May 3, 2020.
  58. Book: Dobson . Michael . Wells . Stanley . Sharpe . Will . Sullivan . Erin . The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare . 2015 . . 567 . 9780198708735.
  59. News: PARK AVENUE HOTEL FIRE; Coroner's Jury Decides Building Was Not Equipped Properly. Also that the Blaze Started from Sparks from Burning Armory -- Places Blame Upon No One . March 11, 1902 . . May 4, 2020.
  60. Web site: Spellen . Suzanne . May 31, 2012 . Walkabout: The Gold Street Explosion, Part 2 . . May 4, 2020.
  61. Web site: 20 Believed Dead in Brooklyn Gas Explosion . Originally published November 21, 1908 . November 21, 2008 . May 4, 2020.
  62. Web site: Tietjen . Lib . Lives Gone in a Puff of Smoke . 18 March 2014 . . May 4, 2020.
  63. Book: Corbett . Glenn P. . Cannon . Donald J. . Historic Fires of New York City . Charleston, SC . . 2005 . 9780738538570.
  64. WPA in New York City: The Record for 1938 . . 1939 . 20.
  65. News: Bacon . John . Miller . Ryan W. . 2022-01-10 . New York mayor revises death toll to 17 in Bronx apartment fire, calls tragedy 'unspeakable' . live . . en . . 0734-7456 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220111234835/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/01/10/bronx-new-york-city-fire-updates-space-heater-death-toll/9155061002/ . 2022-01-11 . 2022-01-12.
  66. Web site: Spellen . Suzanne . Walkabout: The Glass House Disaster, Conclusion . March 22, 2011 . . May 7, 2020.
  67. News: Schladebeck . Jessica . Deadly Times Square crash marks latest tragedy for tourist hub . May 18, 2017 . . May 3, 2020.
  68. News: BODIES ALL TAKEN OUT; Sixteen Deaths Were Caused by the Ireland Building Collapse. IRON FOUND FULL OF BLOWHOLES Some Sections of the Broken Pillar Looked Like Worm-Eaten Wood -- A Careful Inspection to be Begun To-day . . April 15, 1895 . May 4, 2020.
  69. Web site: Spellen . Suzanne . Queenswalk: The Berlinville Disaster, Part Two . October 30, 2013 . . May 7, 2020.
  70. Web site: Park Avenue Tunnel Crash, 1902 . . . May 3, 2020.
  71. Book: Bilotto . Gregory . DiLorenzo . Frank . Building Grand Central Terminal . Charleston, SC . . 2017 . 9781439660515.
  72. News: Sanderson . Bill . Death bus' final moments . June 6, 2012 . . May 3, 2020.
  73. News: 15 KILLED,70 HURT IN MADISON SQUARE; Explosion of Bomb Mortars Spreads Wide Disaster. IMMENSE CROWD IN PANIC Hundreds of Police and Scores of Doctors and Nurses Hurried to the Scene. IS KILLED, 70 HURT IN MADISON SQUARE . . November 5, 1902 . May 4, 2020.
  74. News: FUNERAL OF THE VICTIMS.; SERVICES IN THE CHURCH OF THE MOST HOLY REDEEMER . February 23, 1883 . . May 4, 2020.
  75. Web site: Lloyd . Andito . 130 Year Old Tragedy at East Village Icon . August 11, 2011 . . May 4, 2020.
  76. Thompson . Helen . 70 Years Ago, a B-25 Bomber Crashed Into the Empire State Building . July 30, 2015 . . May 3, 2020.
  77. News: 2021-09-02. What we know about the people who died in the flooding.. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-09-24. 0362-4331.
  78. News: Hofmann . Paul . 1968-01-10 . Fire Kills 9 Children, 4 Adults in Brooklyn; 100 Persons Rescued Fleeing Tenement in Bitter Cold . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-05-03 . 0362-4331.
  79. Web site: New York City disasters: From the Ninth Ave. train derailment to Superstorm Sandy . . May 3, 2020.
  80. Web site: Horbal . Bogdan . The Early Proposed Railways for New York City, Part 2 . July 7, 2015 . . May 3, 2020.
  81. News: The Second Big New York Fire. Destruction of a Millionaire's Home. Thirteen Perish in the Flames . May 11, 1899 . . XXX . 110 . May 7, 2020.
  82. Book: Santlofer, Joy . Food City: Four Centuries of Food-Making in New York . New York . . 2016 . 9780393241365.
  83. News: A Boy's Scream, a Door Ajar and 12 Dead in a Bronx Fire. Keith. Stephanie. December 29, 2017. May 2, 2019. The New York Times.
  84. News: Margolick . David . David Margolick . Court Rules City Was Not Liable in '70 Explosion . February 24, 1983 . . May 4, 2020.
  85. News: Delafuente . Charles . 50 Years Later, Recalling a Manhattan Blaze That Killed 12 Firefighters . October 16, 2016 . . May 3, 2020.
  86. News: 12 Known Dead in Factory Fire . November 7, 1915 . . May 4, 2020.
  87. Web site: Klein . Christopher . July 15, 2019 . Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge Took 14 Years—And Multiple Lives . . . May 4, 2020.
  88. News: Rashbaum . William K. . Chan . Sewell . Sewell Chan . Pilot and Supervisor Sentenced in '03 Staten Island Ferry Crash . January 10, 2006 . . May 3, 2020.
  89. News: Baker . Al . Terrorist's Release Reopens Wound of Unsolved Bombing . August 9, 2008 . . May 3, 2020.
  90. News: Goldstein . Joseph . March 30, 2018 . Man Who Killed 10 People in 1984 'Palm Sunday Massacre' Is Released From Prison . . May 6, 2020.
  91. News: Williams . Keith . Carnage and Heroism: Memories of 1956 Bush Terminal Explosion . December 1, 2016 . . May 3, 2020.
  92. News: Hart Duerson . Meena . Hurricane Sandy not the first to hit New York: 1938 storm 'The Long Island Express' pounded the Eastern Seaboard . October 12, 2012 . . May 3, 2020.
  93. News: TEN KILLED, SCORES HURT IN EXPLOSION; Pintsch Gas Blast Brings Death and Ruin at the Grand Central Station. . . December 20, 1910 . May 7, 2020.
  94. News: Quinn . Ben . Nine killed in mid-air crash over New York . August 8, 2009 . . May 3, 2020.
  95. Web site: Nine killed in a stampede outside a hip-hop celebrity basketball game . December 26, 2019 . Originally published November 16, 2009 . . . May 4, 2020.
  96. News: Shafrir . Doree . The Gay Bathhouse Fire Of 1977 . June 17, 2016 . . May 4, 2020.
  97. News: JOHN Y. MKANE SIGNED THE CONTRACT.; Verdict Blaming Engineer McLaughlin for the Newtown Cree Disastor. . . March 13, 1894 . March 4, 2020.
  98. News: New York truck attack suspect 'spent a year planning' . . November 2, 2017 . May 3, 2020.
  99. News: McGeehan . Patrick . Con Edison and New York City Are Faulted in East Harlem Explosion . June 9, 2015 . . May 3, 2020.
  100. News: Goldman . John J. . 8 Die as Gunman Sets Afire N.Y. Store Tied to Dispute : Violence: Harlem shop had been target of protests over clash between white owner and another business . . December 9, 1995 . July 14, 2022.
  101. Book: Feliciano, Russell . Forgotten Heroes of Ground Zero: The True Life of a NYC Firefighter and Ground Zero Rescue Worker . Forgotten Heroes of Ground Zero Inc . 2005 . 9780977291502 . 80.
  102. Web site: Colwell . Tess . Elevated Train Station . June 8, 2016 . . May 4, 2020.
  103. News: Terrible Dynamite Explosion . March 13, 1902 . . May 3, 2020.
  104. Sullivan . Stephen J. . The Orange and Green Riots (New York City: July 12, 1870 & 1871) . 1991–1992 . New York Irish History . 6 . 52–59.
  105. Web site: Fishbein . Rebecca . Villagers Used Snowballs To Fight Fire In 1882 Train Crash At Spuyten Duyvil . December 2, 2013 . . May 3, 2020.
  106. Book: Burgess . Susan . Leeman . Kate . CQ Press Guide to Radical Politics in the United States . 2016 . . Washington, DC . 9781506354705.
  107. Ayub . Mohammad . Shah . Dinesh . Investigation of the March 15, 2008 Fatal Tower Crane Collapse at 303 East 51st Street, New York, NY . . September 2008 . May 3, 2020.
  108. Web site: Carlson . Jen . Photos Show 1915 Subway Tunnel Explosion And Collapse . October 4, 2012 . . May 4, 2020.
  109. Explosion in Brooklyn Sugar Plant . June 20, 1917 . 61 . 25 . . May 4, 2020.
  110. Meek . Richard Lee . April 1952 . Explosive Properties of Sugar Dusts . PhD . . May 4, 2020.
  111. Web site: FBI 100: First Strike: Global Terror in America . . February 26, 2008 . May 3, 2020.
  112. Web site: FDNY Marks 40th Anniversary of Waldbaum's Fire . August 2, 2018 . . May 4, 2020.
  113. Keefe . Kevin . Fifty years of the NTSB . April 3, 2017 . Classic Trains . May 4, 2020.
  114. News: Dunlap . David W. . David W. Dunlap . Consumed in Fire, Cloaked in Ice, Equitable's Headquarters Fell 100 Years Ago . January 8, 2012 . . May 4, 2020.
  115. News: Gray . Christopher . Christopher Gray (architectural historian) . Streetscapes/Park Avenue; How a Deadly Train Accident Created an Elite Street . January 14, 2001 . . May 4, 2020.
  116. Additional Harness Systems that Allow for Rapid Egress . . March 19, 2018 . ERA18MA099 .
  117. News: McFadden . Robert D. . Robert D. McFadden . Catastrophe Under Union Square; Crash on the Lexington IRT: Motorman's Run to Disaster . September 1, 1991 . . 1 . May 3, 2020.
  118. News: McFadden . Robert D. . Robert D. McFadden . 5 Killed as Gopter on Pan Am Building Throws Rotor Blade . May 17, 1977 . . May 3, 2020.
  119. News: Moore . William . Plane Hits Wall St. Bank . May 21, 1946 . Chicago Tribune . May 4, 2020 . 1 . Chicago Tribune; newspapers.com .
  120. Book: Harwood . Herbert H. . Royal Blue Line: The Classic B&O Train Between Washington and New York . 2002 . JHU Press . 978-0-8018-7061-3 . 100.
  121. Book: Roess . Roger P. . Sansome . Gene . The Wheels That Drove New York: A History of the New York City Transit System . 2013 . Springer . 978-3-642-30484-2 . 10.1007/978-3-642-30484-2 . 235.
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  123. News: Bovsun . Mara . FALN bomb kills 4 at Fraunces Tavern, where George Washington said farewell to troops . January 21, 2012 . . May 3, 2020.
  124. News: Pollak . Michael . Broadway Central Hotel's Heyday Before a Fatal Collapse . November 6, 2015 . . May 4, 2020.
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  126. News: Four Killed, 45 Hurt in I.R.T. Train Crash; Lax Method Blamed; Views of the I.R.T. Wreck in Which Four Died. . . April 30, 1929 . May 7, 2020.
  127. News: Roberts . Sam . Sam Roberts (newspaper journalist) . 100 Years Later, Scar Remains From a Strike's Fatal Legacy in Manhattan . July 3, 2014 . . May 3, 2020.
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  132. News: Barron . James . James Barron (journalist) . Fire at Staten I. Ferry Terminal . December 5, 1983 . . May 4, 2020.
  133. News: Sandoval . Edgar . Smith . Greg B. . City probing whether East Village building owner illegally tapped into gas main as family mourns Nicholas Figueroa . March 31, 2015 . . May 4, 2020.
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  137. Kahn . Laura A. . A 1947 Smallpox Outbreak Was a 'Textbook Example of a Strong, Humane, and Effective Public Health Response' . April 4, 2020 . . May 4, 2020.
  138. News: TWO KILLED, 62 HURT IN YANKEE STADIUM AS RAIN STAMPEDES BASEBALL CROWD; VICTIMS ARE CRUSHED AT BLEACHER EXIT; PILE UP AT FOOT OF STAIRS Hunter College Girl and Man Are Trampled to Death. TANGLED MASS OF BODIES 300 Policemen Speed to Scene and Physicians Fight Way Into Struggling Crush. MANY BOYS AMONG INJURED Panic Occurs in 'Ruthville' Part of Stands--Most Fans Are Unaware of Accident. Skies Start to Darken. Deluge Lets Loose. Clothing Torn in Struggle. Extra Policemen on Hand. Doctors Fight Through Crowds Whalen Visits Scene. Assistant Prosecutor Investigates. Two Blame Management BOY TOSSED IN AIR BY MOB. Says He Was Forced Through Wire Net--Bronx Man Describes Jam. Bronx Man Describes Rush. Another Blames Closed Gates. . May 20, 1929 . . May 4, 2020.
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  141. News: Pilot killed in helicopter crash-landing on Manhattan building . . June 11, 2019 . July 9, 2022.
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  144. News: DIES OF SYLVANIA BLAST; Chemical Engineer Succumbs to Burns Suffered July 2 . August 9, 1956 . . 26.
  145. Book: Hashagen, Paul . Fire Department, City of New York . 2002 . Nashville, TN . . 9781563118326.
  146. News: The Normandie catches on fire and capsizes at New York harbor in 1942 . February 8, 2015 . February 10, 1942 . . July 9, 2022.
  147. Rescuing Victims of the New York Subway Fire . March 1915 . . 353.
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  150. National Transportation Safety Board . National Transportation Safety Board . Special Study of Effects of Delay in Shutting Down Failed Pipeline Systems and Methods of Providing Rapid Shutdown . . December 30, 1970 . PSS711 .
  151. Web site: Chung . Jen . Vintage Photos Show Aftermath Of 1960s Explosion That Rocked Delancey Street . January 5, 2017 . . July 9, 2022.
  152. News: The Greatest Fire New York Has Ever Known . September 21, 1919 . . sn83030214.
  153. Newtown Creek/Greenpoint Oil Spill Study: Brooklyn, New York . September 12, 2007 . .
  154. Carp . Benjamin L. . The Night the Yankees Burned Broadway: The New York City Fire of 1776 . . 4 . 2 . 2006 . 471–511. 10.1353/eam.2006.0011 . 144270657 .

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