List of defunct hard disk manufacturers explained

At least 218 companies have manufactured hard disk drives (HDDs) since 1956. Most of that industry has vanished through bankruptcy or mergers and acquisitions. None of the first several entrants (including IBM, who invented the HDD) continue in the industry today. Only three manufacturers have survived—Seagate, Toshiba and Western Digital (WD)—all of which grew at least in part through mergers and acquisitions.[1]

Manufacturers

The following is a partial list of defunct hard disk manufacturers. There are currently manufacturers in this incomplete list.

NameCountry of originYear of market entryYear of market exitFateNotesReferences
United States 1981 1983 <--Notes--> [2]
Japan 2008 <--Notes--> [3]
United States 1983 1986 <--Notes--> [4] [5]
United States 1970 <--Notes--> [6]
United States 1964 1967 <--Notes--> [7] [8]
United States 1987 1999 Acquired by Tomen Electronics and Sanyo in 1993, dissolved in 1998 [9]
United States 1982 1987 <--Notes--> [10] [11]
United States 1992 <--Notes--> [12]
United States 1991 1998 Bankruptcy <--Notes--> [13] [14] [15]
Germany 1970 1982 <--Notes--> [16] [17]
United States 1986 <--Notes--> [18]
United States 1959 1972 Dissolution Renamed to XLO Computer Products in 1972 [19]
United States 1984 1989 [20]
United States 1964 <--Notes--> [21]
Japan 1985 <--Notes--> [22]
United States 1999 2004 Bankruptcy <--Notes-->
United States 1967 1969 <--Notes--> [23] [24] [25]
United States 1972 1979 <--Notes--> [26]
Scotland 1992 2001 Dissolution <--Notes--> [27] [28]
United States 1987 <--Notes--> [29]
United States 1968 1972 Acquired by CalComp in 1972; later sold to Xerox in 1979 <--Notes-->
France 1975 1989 [30]
United States 1983 1985 Dissolution <--Notes--> [31] [32]
United States 1988 1991 Dissolution <--Notes--> [33] [34]
United States 1979 1986 Exited the HDD business <--Notes-->
United States 1969 1971 Dissolution <--Notes--> [35] [36] [37]
United States 1985 1996 <--Notes-->
United States 2000 2007 Dissolution <--Notes--> [38] [39]
United States 1962 1977 <--Notes--> [40] [41]
United States 1969 <--Notes-->
United States 1977 1984 <--Notes--> [42]
United States 1962 Exited the HDD business <--Notes-->
United Kingdom 1970 1988 First company to manufacture HDDs in Europe [43] [44] [45]
United States 1986 1989 Dissolution <--Notes--> [46] [47]
United States 1969 1972 <--Notes--> [48]
United States 1969 1993 Exited the HDD business <--Notes--> [49]
United States 1983 1984 <--Notes--> [50] [51]
United States 1982 1983 Dissolution [52] [53]
United States 1981 1985 Dissolution <--Notes--> [54]
Bulgaria 1968 1999 Dissolution Originally a state-owned entity, later converted to private company; HDD assets dispersed between 1997 and 1999 [55]
United States 1990 1993 Dissolution Never produced any drives beyond prototypes [56]
United States 1969 1985 <--Notes--> [57]
United States 1979 1992 <--Notes-->
Japan 1985 1987 Left the HDD business <--Notes--> [58] [59]
South Korea 1990 Dissolution <--Notes--> [60]
China 2000 2008 Dissolution <--Notes-->
Japan 1985 2011 Exited the HDD business <--Notes--> [61] [62]
Japan 1963 2009 <--Notes--> [63] [64]
United States 1962 1970 <--Notes--> [65] [66]
China 2003 Dissolution <--Notes--> [67]
United States 1979 1996 Exited the HDD business [68] [69]
United States 2003 2018 Hitachi's HDD business after acquiring IBM's HDD assets
United States 1967 2018 <--Notes-->
Japan 1980 <--Notes--> [70]
South Korea <--Notes-->
United States 1956 2003 Inventors of the HDD
HDD assets briefly spun off to AdStar between 1992 and 1995
United States 1975 1989 Joint venture between Control Data and CII-Honeywell-Bull; Internally known as Magnetic Peripherals, Inc
United States 1969 1973 <--Notes--> [71] [72] [73]
United States 1990 1998 [74] [75]
United States 1977 1984 Merged with Onyx Systems to become Dorado Micro Systems, later Onyx-IMI; left the HDD business in 1984; HDD business sold to Fujhin Electronic Computer Co. in 1985 <--Notes--> [76] [77] [78] [79] [80]
United States 1969 1975 <--Notes--> [81] [82]
United States 1995 2008 <--Notes-->
Bulgaria 1962 1991 Dissolution State-owned entity
United States 1984 1986 Dissolution <--Notes--> [83] [84] [85]
United States 1994 1999 Dissolution <--Notes-->
Japan 1986 <--Notes--> [86]
United States 1987 1994 <--Notes--> [87] [88]
United States 1977 1988 Dissolution <--Notes--> [89] [90]
Japan 1984 1991 Exited the HDD business <--Notes--> [91] [92]
United States 1984 1987 Bankruptcy <--Notes--> [93] [94] [95]
United States 1961 1968 <--Notes--> [96]
United States 1968 1969 Dissolution <--Notes--> [97] [98]
Japan 1989 2000 ca. Exited the HDD business Originally as a licensee of Quantum[99]
United States 1982 2006 <--Notes-->
United States 1968 1981 Manufactured the first HDD subsystems that were plug-compatible with IBM's
United States 1983 1986 Bankruptcy <--Notes--> [100] [101]
United States 1986 1996 <--Notes-->
United States 1982 1993 Bankruptcy <--Notes--> [102] [103]
United States 1980 1990 <--Notes-->
United States 1991 1995 Bankruptcy Manufactured the first PC Card HDDs [104] [105]
Japan 1968 2002 <--Notes--> [106]
Japan <--Notes-->
United States 1964 <--Notes--> [107]
Japan 1965 2002 Exited the HDD business <--Notes--> [108]
United Kingdom 1984 1988 <--Notes--> [109] [110]
Japan 1983 <--Notes--> [111]
Japan 1971 1986 Dissolution <--Notes--> [112] [113] [114]
France 1992 1998 <--Notes-->
United States 1980 1980 <--Notes--> [115]
Japan 1973 1980 <--Notes--> [116] [117] [118]
Italy 1981 Left the HDD business <--Notes--> [119] [120]
United States 1990 1992 Bankruptcy; HDD assets sold to Samsung Electronics in 1995 <--Notes--> [121] [122]
Japan 1985 Exited the HDD business <--Notes--> [123]
United States 1971 1987 <--Notes--> [124] [125]
Netherlands <--Notes-->
United States 1983 1993 Dissolution
United States 1968 1975 Bankruptcy <--Notes--> [126] [127] [128]
United States 1985 1991 Bankruptcy
United States 1978 1991 <--Notes-->
United States 1985 1990 Dissolution <--Notes--> [129] [130]
United States 1980 2000 <--Notes-->
Japan 1985 Exited the HDD business <--Notes--> [131]
Scotland 1979 1991 Exited the HDD business
United States 1981 1982 <--Notes--> [132] [133]
France Exited the HDD business <--Notes-->
South Korea 1988 2011 <--Notes--> [134] [135]
United States 1989 1991 Bankruptcy [136] [137]
United States 1979 1985 Acquired by Xerox in 1977; assets liquidated in 1985 <--Notes-->
Germany <--Notes-->
United States 1969 2005 <--Notes-->
United States 1982 1999 <--Notes-->
United States 1981 1988 <--Notes--> [138] [139]
Japan <--Notes-->
United States 1981 Exited the HDD business [140] [141] [142]
Japan <--Notes-->
United States 1982 1991 Dissolution <--Notes--> [143] [144]
United States 1982 1985 <--Notes--> [145] [146]
United States 1974 Originally named Microcomputer Systems Corporation; 1410 SCSI controller formed the basis of IBM PC's hard disk controller [147] [148]
Japan 1995 Exited the HDD business <--Notes--> [149]

See also

References

General references
Specific references

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: History: List of 221 Companies in HDD Manufacturing Since 1956 . Jean-Jacques . Maleval . March 28, 2013 . Computer Data Storage Newsletter . Micro-Journal . https://web.archive.org/web/20130331010059/https://www.storagenewsletter.com/news/disk/217-companies-hdd-since-1956 . March 31, 2013.
  2. Gross . Steve . August 10, 1983 . 3M says it plans to give up making disk-drive units . Star Tribune . 7B . Newspapers.com.
  3. Web site: March 19, 2007 . Alps to sell hard-disk head assets to rival TDK . Electronic Engineering Times . UBM LLC . https://archive.today/20240110031327/https://www.eetimes.com/alps-to-sell-hard-disk-head-assets-to-rival-tdk/ . January 10, 2024.
  4. Danish . Paul . July 19, 1983 . Amcodyne pioneers removable hard disk . Journal of Commerce and Commercial . UBM Global Trade . 357 . 6A . Gale.
  5. September 16, 1986 . Century Data to Acquire Colorado Disk Drive Firm . Los Angeles Times . 8 . https://archive.today/20240110031821/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-09-16-fi-10803-story.html . January 10, 2024.
  6. Piasta . Frank . October 28, 1970 . First Ampex Disk Drive System Is 2314-Compatible . Computerworld . CW Communications . IV . 43 . 21 . the Internet Archive.
  7. June 1964 . Memory Systems . Computers and Automation . Berkeley Enterprises . XIII . 6 . 42 . the Internet Archive.
  8. October 18, 1967 . Stockholder Blessing on Anelex-Mohawk Data . The Boston Globe . 73 . Newspapers.com.
  9. Kovsky . Steven . May 30, 1988 . Executive exodus troubles Maxtor . Computer Systems News . UBM LLC . 368 . 1 et seq . Gale.
  10. Pate . Donald . October 1982 . Atasi: Why Another Disk Drive Company? . Digital Design . Morgan-Grampian Publishing . 12 . 10 . 91 . the Internet Archive.
  11. Martin . James A. . April 20, 1987 . Tandon buys Winchester drive maker . Computerworld . IDG Publications . XXI . 16 . 105 . Google Books.
  12. Weisman . Jonathan . February 17, 1992 . Tiny disk drive may bring big payoff to Aura . The Business Journal . American City Business Journals . 9 . 44 . 1 et seq . Gale.
  13. Nash . Jim . March 28, 1994 . Avatar on crusade to revolutionize hard-disk drives . The Business Journal . American City Business Journals . 11 . 50 . 1 et seq . Gale.
  14. Book: 1998 . Peterson's Hidden Job Market: 2,000 High-growth Companies That Are Hiring at Four Times the National Average . Peterson's Guides . 34 . 9781560798347 . the Internet Archive . 1998.
  15. Furger . Roberta . October 1998 . Rebate or Rip-Off? . PC World . IDG Publications . 16 . 10 . 183 . Gale.
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  17. May 31, 1982 . Supershorts . Computerworld . CW Communications . XVI . 22 . 60 . Google Books.
  18. Pitta . Julie . August 11, 1986 . CMI co-founder establishes Winchester drive start-up . Computer Systems News . UBM LLC . 276 . 22 . Gale.
  19. August 1972 . XLO: What It Could Have Been . Datamation . Technical Publishing Company . 18 . 8 . 87 . the Internet Archive.
  20. April 9, 1984 . The Bull Group to establish Bull Peripheral in Calif. . Computerworld . CW Communications . XVIII . 15 . 144 . Google Books.
  21. Merger fallout puts Memorex across Atlantic . Alan . Alper . XX . 45 . Computerworld . November 10, 1986 . 1, 8 .
  22. Book: March 30, 1985 . C. Itoh Full Line of Small Winchester Disk Drives: NP04/03/02 Family . C. Itoh & Co., Ltd. . Bitsavers.
  23. September 20, 1967 . January Deliveries From Caelus: Another Independent Disk-Pack Supplier . Computerworld . CW Communications . 1 . 6 . 1, 4 . the Internet Archive.
  24. Molly . Upton . Caelus Plans 3336-11-Type Disk, Will 'Wait and See' on Winchester . Computerworld . VII . 44 . October 31, 1973 . 34 .
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  29. Kimbrough . Jan . September 28, 1987 . Cardiff Peripheral Corp touts 3.5-inch drive . Computer Systems News . UBM LLC . 333 . 24 . Gale.
  30. August 20, 1975 . MPI Begins Operations . Computerworld . CW Communications . IX . 34 . 33 . Google Books.
  31. February 28, 1983 . Company Formed to Market 5.25-Inch Winchesters . Computer Systems News . UBM LLC . 114 . 68 . Gale.
  32. Moad . J. . May 27, 1985 . Cogito Shelves 20M-Byte Drive, Cuts Staff . Electronic News . Sage Publications . 31 . 1551 . 26 . Gale.
  33. Hayashi . Alden M. . November 15, 1988 . Hard times for hard drives . Electronic Business . Reed Business Information . 14 . 22 . 32 et seq . Gale.
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  35. November 23, 1969 . James Flynn Joins Computer Memory Devices . Arizona Republic . 20D . Newspapers.com.
  36. August 23, 1970 . Firm expands computer line . Arizona Republic . 16-B . Newspapers.com.
  37. Web site: n.d. . Computer Memory Devices, Inc. . OpenCorporates . https://archive.today/20240110035445/https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ca/0594985 . January 10, 2024.
  38. Web site: Frauenheim . Ed . June 30, 2004 . Minidrive maker Cornice slapped with another suit . CNET . CBS Interactive . https://web.archive.org/web/20220815112700/https://www.cnet.com/culture/minidrive-maker-cornice-slapped-with-another-suit/ . August 15, 2022.
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  40. April 21, 1969 . Data Disc Inc. names Stevens new president . The Peninsula Times Tribune . 11 . Newspapers.com.
  41. March 7, 1977 . Acquisitions . Computerworld . CW Communications . XI . 10 . 48 . Google Books.
  42. April 4, 1984 . Xebec Completes Acquisition . The Wall Street Journal . Dow Jones & Company . 1 . ProQuest.
  43. April 29, 1970 . Contracts . Computerworld . CW Communications . IV . 17 . 95D . the Internet Archive.
  44. August 19, 1988 . Advertisement . DGI Group – An FKI Babcock Company . Camberley News . 68 . Newspapers.com.
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  47. Book: Bodo, Martin . Harold Moorehead . 1996 . Hard Drive Bible . Corporate Systems Center . 9780964150317 . Google Books.
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  50. December 12, 1983 . Mergers & Acquisitions . Computerworld . CW Communications . XVII . 50 . 121 . Google Books.
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  52. September 27, 1982 . Supershots . Computerworld . CW Communications . XVI . 39 . 115 . Google Books.
  53. Perkowski . M. . December 12, 1983 . Disctron Exits 5.25[-inch] Winchester Disk Drive Fray ]. Computer Systems News . UBM LLC . 143 . 1 . Gale.
  54. Pitta . J. . August 12, 1985 . Shakeout Continues in Disk Market: DMA Systems Closes Doors after Failing to Land Funds . Computer Systems News . UBM LLC . 224 . 1 . Gale.
  55. Web site: n.d. . DZU AD (Bulgaria) . EMIS . ISI Emerging Markets Group . https://archive.today/20240110042528/https://www.emis.com/php/company-profile/BG/Dzu_AD__%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%94__en_1403688.html . January 10, 2024.
  56. Web site: Maleval . Jean Jacques . June 1993 . Ecol. 2 Out of Business . Computer Data Storage Newsletter . Micro-Journal . https://web.archive.org/web/20240110043230/https://www.storagenewsletter.com/2020/10/01/history-1993-ecol-2-out-of-business/ . January 10, 2024.
  57. December 12, 1977 . EMM to Acquire Group/3 from Informatics . Computerworld . CW Communications . XI . 50 . 68 . Google Books.
  58. 1985 . [Unknown title] ]. Mini-Micro Systems . Cahners Publishing . 18 . 34 . Google Books.
  59. Book: September 1987 . Epson Equity II+ Personal Computer Service Manual . Epson America . 370.
  60. 1990 . EsPerT Emerges Over the Horizon . Korea Trade & Business . KOTRA . 8 . 24 . Google Books.
  61. Laughton . S. . September 3, 1985 . Western Digital Puts 20M-byte Disk on Board . PC Week . Ziff-Davis . 2 . 35 . 4 . Gale.
  62. Web site: April 27, 2011 . Notice Regarding Structural Reform of the Hard-Disk Business . Fuji Electric . https://web.archive.org/web/20240104143910/https://www.fujielectric.com/about/news/detail/11042701.html . January 4, 2024.
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  65. November 2, 1962 . GE Plant Is Installing High Speed Computer . The News-Virginian . 3 .
  66. Lee . J. A. N. . 1995 . The Rise and Fall of the General Electric Corporation Computer Department . IEEE Annals of the History of Computing . Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . 17 . 4 . 24–45 . 10.1109/85.477434 .
  67. July 24, 2003 . Magicstor to Launch Large Scale Manufacture of 1 Inch Hard Disk . Asia Africa Intelligence Wire . Financial Times Limited . Gale.
  68. Web site: n.d. . HP 7910 Disc Drive . IT History Society . https://web.archive.org/web/20240110044617/https://www.ithistory.org/db/hardware/hewlett-packard-hp/hp-7910-disc-drive . January 10, 2024.
  69. Web site: July 10, 1996 . HP shuts down disk drive division . CNET . CBS Interactive . https://web.archive.org/web/20220818085600/https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/hp-shuts-down-disk-drive-division/ . August 18, 2022.
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  71. February 18, 1969 . Data storage firm occupies new building . The Peninsula Times Tribune . 7 . Newspapers.com.
  72. June 25, 1971 . Acquisition enables Itel to enter new market . The Peninsula Times Tribune . 7 . Newspapers.com.
  73. July 6, 1973 . Sperry Rand acquires ISS . The Peninsula Times Tribune . 9 . Newspapers.com.
  74. Day . Janet . November 6, 1990 . 3 From PrairieTek Found New Computer Firm . Denver Post . C1 . ProQuest.
  75. Potter . Beth . June 1, 1998 . Integral sold to investor group . Boulder County Business Report . Boulder Business Information . 17 . 6 . 1 . ProQuest.
  76. July 26, 1978 . Around Minnesota . The Minneapolis Star . 10B . Gale.
  77. Book: 1984 . Background . Corvus Systems . 5 . the Internet Archive.
  78. September 6, 1984 . Tech firm may close Oregon plant . Albany Democrat-Herald . 6 . Newspapers.com.
  79. February 23, 1985 . Oregon firm gets job . The Sacramento Bee . B5 . Newspapers.com.
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  82. August 19, 1976 . Data Corp. leaving Santa Clara . The San Francisco Examiner . 58 . Newspapers.com.
  83. Brisson . M. . December 3, 1984 . Josephine's Conservative Approach Is Radical Among Start-Ups . Computer Systems News . UBM LLC . 30 . Gale.
  84. 1987 . Josephine County Technology, Inc. . PC Tech Journal . Ziff-Davis . 4 . 13 . 121 . the Internet Archive.
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  92. Addo . Pamela . August 22, 1991 . Kyocera drops low-end, goes optical . Computer Dealer News . CEDROM-SNi . 7 . 17 . 1 et seq . Gale.
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  111. 1987 . Nippon Electric Industry Co., Ltd. . PC Tech Journal . Ziff-Davis . 4 . 13 . 123 . the Internet Archive.
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  115. Ohio Scientific, M-A/COM Sign. Staff writer. Computerworld. CW Communications. December 8, 1980. 14. 50. 64. the Internet Archive.
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  117. July 16, 1975 . Okidata M300 Stores 9M Bits . Computerworld . CW Communications . IX . 29 . 23 . Google Books.
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  119. December 8, 1980 . Olivetti Forms Subsidiary . Computerworld . CW Communications . 14 . 50 . 58 . the Internet Archive.
  120. May 26, 1982 . Olivetti Distributor . The Daily Times . D1 . Newspapers.com.
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  126. August 1968 . Potter DD4311 Disk Drive Is IBM Compatible . Computers and Automation . Berkeley Enterprises . 17 . 8 . 61 . the Internet Archive.
  127. Piasta . Frank . February 25, 1970 . All IBM Tapes, Disks Have Plug-to-Plug Counterparts . Computerworld . CW Communications . 4 . 8 . S29 . the Internet Archive.
  128. January 28, 1987 . John Taft Potter, 75, Inventor, Founded Computer Firm . Newsday . 43 . Newspapers.com.
  129. Ryan . Melinda . September 28, 1986 . Peripheral Technology Inc. relocates facility . Simi Valley Star . 23 . Newspapers.com.
  130. Web site: n.d. . Peripheral Technology Inc. . OpenCorporates . https://archive.today/20240110054651/https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ca/1353713 . January 10, 2024.
  131. Takahashi . Ken . August 8, 1990 . Ricoh to boost output of removable HDD . Newsbytes . The Washington Post Company . Gale.
  132. March 2, 1981 . New Companies . Computerworld . CW Communications . XV . 9 . 68 . the Internet Archive.
  133. August 11, 1982 . CCT Completes Merger . Goleta Sun . 12 . Newspapers.com.
  134. Lasnier . Guy . June 20, 1988 . New Milpitas company jumps into disk drive market . The Business Journal . American City Business Journals . 6 . 9 . SR9 . Gale.
  135. Web site: Ribeiro . John . December 20, 2011 . Seagate completes acquisition of Samsung's HDD business . Computerworld . IDG Communications . https://web.archive.org/web/20240110055046/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2733273/seagate-completes-acquisition-of-samsung-s-hdd-business.html . January 10, 2024.
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  137. ((Ross-Dove Company, Inc.)) . November 10, 1991 . Public Auction Calendar . The San Francisco Examiner . 28 . Newspapers.com.
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