List of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks explained

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by Cryptosporidium. It can be spread by water or contact with contaminated surfaces.^[1]

Canada

Year	Location	Number of cases	Outbreak source	Link to article	References
1996	Cranbrook	2,000			^[2]
1996	Kelowna	10,000–15,000

Italy

Year	Location	Number of cases	Outbreak source	Link to article	References
1995	Emilia-Romagna	294	Water supply		^[3]
2019	Tuscan–Emilian Apennines	75	Water supply		^[4]

New Zealand

!Year!Location!Number of cases!Outbreak source!Link to article!References

1995	Tauranga	1	School		^[5]
1997	Waikato	170
1997	Tauranga	Unknown			^[6]
2003	Masterton	"Few"	Water supply
2010	Auckland	7	Swimming pool		^[7]
2010	Christchurch	17	Unknown
2013	Hawke's Bay	22	Swimming pool
2013	Waikato	5	Unknown
2013	Wellington	5	Unknown
2013	Taranaki	3	Unknown
2015	Auckland	6	Raw milk
2017	Auckland	9	Childcare centre
2018	Kapiti Coast	11	Water playground		^[8]
2021	Taranaki	6	Raw milk
2021	Taranaki	4	Raw milk
2023	Queenstown	72	Unknown	Queenstown cryptosporidiosis outbreak	^[9]

Sweden

Year	Location	Number of cases	Outbreak source	Link to article	References
2010	Östersund	27,000	Water supply		^[10] ^[11]
2011	Skellefteå	20,000	Water supply		^[12]
2015	Gothenburg	83	Food		^[13]

United Kingdom

England

Year	Location	Number of cases	Outbreak source	Link to article	References
1989	Oxfordshire	500	Farmoor Reservoir^[14]		^[15]
1995	Torbay	508			^[16] ^[17] ^[18]
2008	Northamptonshire	22	Pitsford Reservoir		^[19]
2013	Gloucestershire	6	Farm		^[20]
2013	Kingston upon Hull	18	Swimming pool		^[21]
2016	Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Gloucestershire, Somerset, Wiltshire	223	Swimming pool		^[22]
2016	Gateshead	7	Swimming pool		^[23]
2024	Brixham	100	Water supply	Devon cryptosporidiosis outbreak	^[24]

Northern Ireland

Year	Location	Number of cases	Outbreak source	Link to article	References
2000	Northern Ireland	129			^[25]
2000	Northern Ireland	117
2001	Northern Ireland	275	Water supply		^[26]

Scotland

Year	Location	Number of cases	Outbreak source	Link to article	References
2000	Glasgow	90	Loch Katrine		^[27]
2002	Aberdeen	140	River Dee
2002	Perth	8	Perth Leisure Pool		^[28]
2010	Cumbernauld	16	Swimming pool		^[29]

Wales

Year	Location	Number of cases	Outbreak source	Link to article	References
2005	Gwynedd	231	Llyn Cwellyn		^[30] ^[31]
2012	Cwmbran	8	Farm		^[32]
2012	Newport	20	Swimming pool		^[33]

United States

Wisconsin

Notes and References

1. Web site: 26 October 2021 . General Information for the Public Cryptosporidium Parasites CDC . https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161233/https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/crypto/general-info.html . 28 September 2023 . 21 September 2023 . www.cdc.gov . en-us.
2. News: 23 June 2004 . Cryptosporidium . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110301033629/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/health/cryptosporidium.html . 1 March 2011 . 21 September 2023 . CBC News.
3. Pignata . Cristina . Bonetta . Silvia . Bonetta . Sara . Cacciò . Simone M. . Sannella . Anna R. . Gilli . Giorgio . Carraro . Elisabetta . January 2019 . Cryptosporidium Oocyst Contamination in Drinking Water: A Case Study in Italy . . 16 . 11 . 2055 . 10.3390/ijerph16112055 . free . 31185673 . 6604028 . 1660-4601.
4. Franceschelli . Armando . Bonadonna . Lucia . Cacciò . Simone M. . Sannella . Anna Rosa . Cintori . Christian . Gargiulo . Raffaele . Coccia . Anna Maria . Paradiso . Rosa . Iaconelli . Marcello . Briancesco . Rossella . Tripodi . Alberto . 2022-09-01 . An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with drinking water in north-eastern Italy, August 2019: microbiological and environmental investigations . . 27 . 35 . 2200038 . 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.35.2200038 . 36052722 . 9438396 . 1560-7917.
5. Web site: 1 March 2007 . Appendix 2: Outbreaks of Water-borne Disease in New Zealand . https://web.archive.org/web/20230925205919/https://environment.govt.nz/publications/section-32-report-proposed-national-environmental-standard-for-sources-of-human-drinking-water/appendix-2-outbreaks-of-water-borne-disease-in-new-zealand/ . 25 September 2023 . 21 September 2023 . Ministry for the Environment . en-GB.
6. Book: Estimation of the burden of water-borne disease in New Zealand: preliminary report . November 2006 . . 978-0-478-30768-9 . February 2007 . 15 October 2023 . 1 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220401212933/https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/water-borne-disease-burden-prelim-report-feb07.doc . dead .
7. Garcia-R . Juan C. . Hayman . David T. S. . 20 March 2023 . A review and analysis of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in New Zealand . Parasitology . en . 150 . 7 . 606–611 . 10.1017/S0031182023000288 . 0031-1820 . 10260297 . 36938817.
8. Web site: 16 February 2018 . Bug spread through Wellington water playground . 21 September 2023 . . en-nz.
9. News: 2023-11-14 . Queenstown cryptosporidium outbreak: Four more weeks of boiling water . 2023-11-15 . RNZ.
10. Web site: 2014-07-01 . Cryptosporidium (Östersund 2010–2011) . 2024-06-04 . . sv.
11. Widerström . Micael . Schönning . Caroline . Lilja . Mikael . Lebbad . Marianne . Ljung . Thomas . Allestam . Görel . Ferm . Martin . Björkholm . Britta . Hansen . Anette . Hiltula . Jari . Långmark . Jonas . Löfdahl . Margareta . Omberg . Maria . Reuterwall . Christina . Samuelsson . Eva . April 2014 . Large Outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis Infection Transmitted through the Public Water Supply, Sweden . . 20 . 244 . 581–589 . 10.3201/eid2004.121415 . 24655474 . 2024-06-04. 3966397 .
12. Web site: 2014-07-01 . Cryptosporidium (Skellefteå, april 2011) . 2024-06-04 . . sv.
13. Web site: 2015-12-02 . Cryptosporidium (Göteborg 2015) . 2024-06-04 . . sv.
14. News: 9 March 1989 . Pressure . subscription . 19 May 2024 . . . Thames Water have announced an independent inquiry into the water scare in Oxfordshire which led to thousands of households being told to boil their drinking water. The warning, which is not yet lifted, came after the diarrhoea-linked bug, Cryptosporidium, was found in filters at the giant Farmoor water works outside Oxford..
15. News: 18 April 1989 . Water bosses rule out compensation over bug . subscription . 19 May 2024 . . The bug, Cryptosporidium, laid low more than 500 people in January with diarrhoea and illness which can kill those with weak immune systems..
16. News: 15 August 1995 . Hotels' fury as illness hits South Devon . subscription . 17 May 2024 . Herald Express . . South West Water confirmed a 'boil-your-water' alert to 200,000 South Devon householders after a Cryptosporidium bug was found to be the cause of an outbreak of stomach upsets..
17. News: 17 August 1995 . As bug toll nears 100 mark expert says it's hard to kill . subscription . 17 May 2024 . Herald Express . . The number of confirmed cases of stomach upsets caused by the water bug Cryptosporidium almost doubled overnight with today's total now standing at 91..
18. News: 19 September 1995 . Water bug: 'We blame the works' . subscription . . The number of officially recorded victims of the bug topped 508 today..
19. News: 2008-07-29 . Water bug infections rise to 22 . 2024-05-30 . BBC News.
20. News: 2013-05-07 . Cotswold Farm Park bosses say it is safe amid sickness probe . 2024-06-07 . BBC News.
21. News: 2013-08-07 . Hull East Park's pool closed after sickness outbreak . 2024-06-06 . BBC News.
22. News: 2016-08-25 . Diarrhoea bug outbreak widens to hundreds of cases in the South West . 2024-05-30 . BBC News.
23. News: Meechan . Simon . 2016-10-25 . Cryptosporidiosis closes to Gateshead pools - but what is it? . 2024-06-07 . Chronicle Live.
24. News: 2024-05-30 . Cryptosporidium infections rise as South West Water fail to fix Devon water contamination issue . 2024-05-30 . ITV News.
25. Glaberman . Scott . Moore . John E. . Lowery . Colm J. . Chalmers . Rachel M. . Sulaiman . Irshad . Elwin . Kristin . Rooney . Paul J. . Millar . Beverley C. . Dooley . James S. G. . Lal . Altaf A. . Xiao . Lihua . June 2002 . Three Drinking-Water–Associated Cryptosporidiosis Outbreaks, Northern Ireland - Volume 8, Number 6—June 2002 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC . . 8 . 6 . 631–633 . 10.3201/eid0806.010368 . 12023922 . 2024-06-07. 2738494 .
26. News: 2001-05-17 . Water bug outbreak 'in decline' . 2024-06-06 . BBC News.
27. Pollock . Kevin G. J. . Young . David . Smith . Huw V. . Ramsay . Colin N. . January 2008 . Cryptosporidiosis and Filtration of Water from Loch Lomond, Scotland . 14 . 157 . . 115–120 . 10.3201/eid1401.070562 . 18258090 . 2600157 . 2024-06-07.
28. News: 2002-08-26 . Water bug pool given 'all clear' . 2024-06-06 . BBC News.
29. Web site: 2010-07-06 . Safety Procedures Called Into Question At Glasgow Nursery . 2024-06-07 . Irwin Mitchell.
30. Web site: 2006-11-28 . Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in North West Wales, 2005 . 2024-06-06 . Public Health Wales.
31. News: 2007-06-21 . Water company prosecuted over bug . 2024-06-07 . BBC News.
32. News: 2012-04-26 . Cryptosporidium outbreak on Torfaen farm makes four more people ill . 2024-06-07 . BBC News.
33. News: 2012-10-05 . Newport swimming pool cryptosporidiosis bug outbreak over . 2024-06-06 . BBC News.
34. Web site: 27 June 2019 . Pasco County, FL issues 'crypto' warning . 21 September 2023 . Outbreak News Today . en-US.
35. News: Fackelmann . K. A. . 3 June 1989 . Scientists Nab Water-Polluting Parasite . 21 September 2023 . Science News.
36. Corso . Phaedra S. . Kramer . Michael H. . Blair . Kathleen A. . Addiss . David G. . Davis . Jeffrey P. . Haddix . Anne C. . 2003 . Costs of Illness in the 1993 WaterborneCryptosporidium Outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin . Emerging Infectious Diseases . 9 . 4 . 426–431 . 10.3201/eid0904.020417 . 2957981 . 12702221.