List of coupled cousins explained

This is a list of notable individuals who have been romantically or maritally coupled with a full first cousin.

Worldwide, more than 10% of marriages are between first or second cousins.^[1]

Cousin marriage is an important subject in sociology, anthropology, and alliance theory.^[2]

Notable people

A

• Edwin Abbott, English educator, and his first cousin, Jane Abbott
• Samuel Abravanel, Sephardic-Italian financier, and his first cousin, Benvenida Abrabanel
• Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi', son-in-law and Companion of Muhammad, and his first cousin Zainab bint Muhammad
• Julius Adam, German painter, and his first cousin, Amalie Adam
• John Adams II (1803–1834), American government functionary and businessman, and his first cousin, Mary Catherine Hellen
• Pedro Aguirre Cerda, Chilean president, and his first cousin, Juana Rosa Aguirre
• Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (c. 659 – c. 713), grandson of Ali ibn Abi Talib, and his first cousin, Fatimah bint Hasan
• Mark Antony and his first cousin, Antonia Hybrida Minor

B

• Josiah Bartlett (1729–1795), second signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, and his first cousin, Mary Bartlett^[3]
• Sir Rowland Blennerhassett, 1st Baronet and his first cousin, Millicent Agnes Yielding
• Ilsley Boone (1879–1968) and his first cousin, Ella Murray "Mae" Boone, founder of the American Sunbathing Association, which today is known as the American Association for Nude Recreation
• James Boswell (1740–95) (biographer of Samuel Johnson) and his first cousin Margaret Montgomerie married in 1769.^[4]
• Christine Boutin (b. 1944), French politician and her first cousin, Louis Boutin^[5]
• Boverianda Nanjamma and Chinnappa (the family name is Boverianda), Indian translators and scholars, were first cousins and a married couple. Both were the grandchildren of compiler Nadikerianda Chinnappa; Nanjamma was his son's daughter and Boverianda Chinnappa was Nadikerianda Chinnappa's daughter's son.
• Wernher von Braun (1912–1977) and his first cousin, Maria Luise von Quistorp^[6]
• Charles Bulfinch (1763–1844), American architect, and his first cousin, Hannah Apthorp^[7]

C

• George Cayley, British cricketer, and his first cousin, Catherine Louisa Worsley
• Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer and his first cousin, Clodia
• Fuad Char, Colombian politician, and his first cousin, Adela Chaljub Char
• Burwell Colbert, freed American slave, and his first cousin, Critta Hemings
• Henry Nelson Coleridge (1798–1843) and his first cousin, Sara Coleridge

D

• Charles Darwin and his first cousin, Emma Wedgwood.^[8] Their respective siblings Caroline Darwin and Josiah Wedgwood III (1795–1880), entrepreneur, also married.^[9]
• Pierre S. du Pont (1870–1954), American businessman and philanthropist, married his first cousin, Alice Belin, in 1915
• Samuel Francis Du Pont (1803–1865), American rear admiral, and his first cousin, Sophie Madeleine du Pont
• Andrew Jackson Donelson (1799–1871), American diplomat and his first cousin, Emily Donelson (1807–1836)

E

• Albert Einstein (1879–1955), physicist, and his first cousin, Elsa Löwenthal née Einstein^[10]
• William Crowninshield Endicott (1826–1900), former US Secretary of War, and his first cousin, Ellen Peabody^[11]
• Ulises Espaillat (1823–1878), Dominican Republic liberal caudillo, and his first cousin Eloísa Espaillat^[12]

F

• Viriato Fiallo, Dominican Republic dissident, and his first cousin Prudencia Fiallo, daughter of his uncle Fabio Fiallo^[13]
• Vivian Fuchs (1908–1999), British explorer, and his cousin Joyce Connell^[14]

G

• Carlo Gambino (1902–1976), a mob boss, and his first cousin, Catherine Castellano^[15]
• Buddha Gautama and first cousin Yaśodharā
• André Gide, Nobel Prize-winning French author, and his cousin Madeleine Rondeaux^[16]
• Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American author, and her first cousin, George Houghton Gilman^[17]
• Carl Giles, cartoonist, and his first cousin, Joan Giles
• A. D. Gordon and his cousin, Faige Tartakov.
• Samuel L. Gouverneur and his first cousin, Maria Hester Monroe
• Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, French general and later Marshal of the Empire, and his first cousin, Anne Gouvion
• Duncan Grant, Scottish painter, who was in a relationship with his male first cousin, the English writer Lytton Strachey.^[18]
• Bibb Graves, and his first cousin, Dixie Bibb
• Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer, and his first cousin, lyric soprano Nina Hagerup (1845-1935)^[19]

H

• Shaykh Haydar (1459-1488), leader of the Safavid order and his first cousin Alam-Shah Begum
• Friedrich Hayek, Austrian-British economist, and his cousin Helene Bitterlich^[20]
• Alexander Herzen, Russian writer and political activist, and his cousin Natalya Zakharina^[21]
• Mark Hopkins Jr., American railroad executive, and his first cousin, Mary Sherwood
• Saddam Hussein (1937–2006), fifth President of Iraq, and his first cousin Sajida Talfah (b. 1937)

J

• Ja'far al-Sadiq (700 or 702 – 765), Muslim scholar, and his first cousin, Fatima bint al-Hussain'l-Athram bin al-Hasan bin Ali
• Jesse James (1847–1882), American outlaw and guerilla, and his first cousin, Zerelda "Zee" Mimms (1845–1900)^[22]
• Jón Sigurðsson (1811–1879), leader of the 19th-century Icelandic independence movement, and his first cousin, Ingibjörg Einarsdóttir

K

• Naoto Kan (b. 1946), former Prime Minister of Japan, and his first cousin, Nobuko Himei (b. 1945), essayist^[23]
• Nobusuke Kishi (1896–1987), former Japanese statesman, and his first cousin, Yoshiko Kishi^[24]
• Natasha Klauss, Colombian actress, and her first cousin, Marcelo Greco
• Kujō Michiie (1193–1252), Japanese regent, and his first cousin, Saionji Rinshi

L

• David Lean, British film director, and his first cousin, Isabel Lean (his first wife)^[25]
• Charles Lilburn Lewis and his first cousin, Lucy Jefferson Lewis
• Li Ka-shing, founder of Cheung Kong Holdings, married his first cousin Chong Yuet Ming, who died in 1990
• John Amory Lowell and his first cousin, Susan Cabot Lowell

M

• Rob Roy MacGregor and his cousin Mary Helen MacGregor of Comar, who married in January 1693
• Gerardo Machado, fifth president of Cuba, and his first cousin, Elvira Machado Nodal^[26]
• Maeda Toshiie, Japanese Daimyō in the 15th century, and his first cousin, Matsu.
• Nanaia Mahuta, Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand), and her first cousin, William Gannin Ormsby
• Delarivier Manley, British playwright and political satirist, and her first cousin John Manley^[27]
• Francis Marion, American revolutionary leader also called the "Swamp Fox," and his first cousin, Mary Esther Videau^[28]
• Humphrey Marshall and his first cousin, Anna Maria ("Mary") Marshall.
• Abraham Maslow, father of humanistic psychology, and his first cousin, Bertha Goodman^[29]
• John Minor Maury and his first cousins, Eliza Maury
• Matthew Fontaine Maury married his first cousin, Ann Hull Herndon, sister of Captain William Lewis Herndon, who died on his ship SS Central America
• Randolph "Randall" McCoy, patriarch of the McCoy clan involved in the Hatfield–McCoy feud, and his first cousin Sarah "Sally" McCoy
• Darius Milhaud, French composer, and his first cousin Madeleine Milhaud^[30]
• Christopher Robin Milne, son of author A. A. Milne who was the model for the character Christopher Robin of the Winnie-the-Pooh books, and his first cousin Lesley Sélincourt
• Marina Mora, Peruvian beauty queen and former Miss Peru, and her first cousin Gustavo Mora^[31]
• Henry Morgan, Welsh privateer, and his first cousin Mary Morgan (daughter of his uncle Edward).
• William Morgan (c. 1640 – 28 April 1680) and his first cousin, Blanche Morgan
• Mōri Terumoto, Japanese Daimyo in late 15th and early 16th century, and his cousin (first wife), Minami no Kata.
• Gouverneur Morris Jr. and his first cousin, Martha Jefferson Cary
• Ignacy Mościcki, Polish chemist and president and his first cousin, Michalina Czyżewska
• Muhammad, Islamic prophet (c. 570 – 632) and his first cousin, Zaynab bint Jahsh

N

• Naoe Kanetsugu (1559–1620), Japanese samurai and Karō of the Uesugi clan in 16th and 17th centuries, and his first cousin, Osen.
• Sócrates Nolasco (1884–1980), Dominican Republic writer, and his first cousin Flérida Lamarche (1891–1976), who was a renowned pianist, writer, and teacher.

O

• Henry Ormsby, Irish lawyer, and his first cousin, Julia Hamilton
• Ōtomo no Yakamochi (c. 718 – 785), Japanese statesman and waka poet in the Nara period, and his cousin, Sakanoue no Ōiratsume.

P

• Ahmad Maher Pasha, Egyptian prime minister, and his first cousin, Ihsan Hanem Sami
• Endicott Peabody (1857–1944) and his first cousin, Fannie Peabody.^[32]
• Lars Hannibal Sommerfeldt Stoud Platou, Norwegian psychiatrist, and his first cousin, Mimi Platou
• Edgar Allan Poe and his first cousin, Virginia Clemm (1822–1847)^[33]
• John J. Pettus (1813–1867), 23rd Governor of Mississippi, and his first cousin, Permelia Virginia Winston
• Peter A. Porter (1827–1864), lawyer, politician and a Union Army colonel, and his first cousin, Mary Cabell Breckinridge
• William Joseph Poupore, Canadian politician, and his first cousin, Eleonor Poupore
• Sir Robert Price, 2nd Baronet, and his first cousin Mary Price

R

• Sergei Rachmaninoff, composer, and his first cousin, Natalia Satina^[34]
• Paul Ranson, French painter, and his first cousin, Marie-France Rousseau
• Satyajit Ray, Indian film-maker, and his first cousin, Bijoya Ray^[35]
• Jacques de Reinach, French banker, and his first cousin, Fanny Emden
• Aubrey Robinson, Hawaiian planter, and his first cousin, Alice Gay
• Hassan Rouhani (b. 1948), 7th president of Iran and his first cousin Sahebeh Rouhani née Arabi (b. 1954)

S

• Greta Scacchi, actress of Presumed Innocent, and her first cousin, Carlo Mantegazza^[36]
• Robert Sheldon, Baron Sheldon, and his first cousin, Eileen Shamash
• George Simpson, Scottish colonial official, and his first cousin, Frances Ramsay Simpson
• William Stith and his first cousin, Judith Randolph
• Igor Stravinsky, composer, and his first cousin, Katerina Nossenko^[37]
• Alexander Streatfeild-Moore, English cricketer, and his first cousin, Evelyn Agatha Gatyana Streatfeild

T

• Edward Thornton Tayloe (1803-1876), American diplomat, and his first cousin, Mary Ogle
• Kane Tanaka (1903-2022), Japanese supercentenarian, and her first cousin, Hideo Tanaka
• John Edward Taylor (1791–1844), 1821 founder of The Manchester Guardian (since 1959 The Guardian), in 1824 married his first cousin, Sophia Russell Scott.^[38]
• Toyotomi Hideyori (1593-1615), Japanese daimyō, a son of Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537-1598), and his first cousin Senhime (1597-1666)^[39]

U

• Uthman Abu Quhafa (538 or 540 – 635), father of the first Rashidun Caliph, Abu Bakr and his first cousin, Salma Umm al-Khair (d. between 632 and 634)

V

• Mario Vargas Llosa (b. 1936), Peruvian writer and 2010 Nobel laureate, and his first cousin Patricia Llosa

W

• H. G. Wells (1866–1946), author, and his first cousin, Isabel Mary Wells (his first wife)^[40]
• William Whipple (1730–1785), signer of the Declaration of Independence, and his first cousin, Catherine Moffatt^[41]
• John A. Winston (1812–1871), 15th Governor of Alabama and his first cousin, Mary Agness Jones
• Henry Winthrop (1608–1630), son of founder and Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and his first cousin Elizabeth Fones (1610 – c. 1673)

Y

• Annie Henrietta Yule (1874–1950), film financier and breeder of Arab horses at Hanstead Stud in England, and her first cousin Sir David Yule, 1st Baronet (1858–1928), Scottish business based in British India^[42]

Royalty in Europe

Husband	Wife	Married	Shared grandparents
			John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria
	Princess Hermine of Waldeck and Pyrmont		George I, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and Princess Augusta of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
			Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and Christine of Hesse
			John I of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster
			Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
			Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf
			Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Dorothea Susanne of Simmern
			Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella of Portugal
			Anthony II, Count of Oldenburg and Sibylle Elisabeth of Brunswick-Dannenberg
			Francis I of the Two Sicilies and María Isabella of Spain
			John I of Castile and Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Castile
			Afonso I of Portugal and Matilda of Savoy, Queen of Portugal
			Sancho IV of Castile and María de Molina; Denis of Portugal and Elizabeth of Portugal
			Ferdinand VII of Spain and Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
			Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein and Landgravine Josepha of Fürstenberg-Weitra
	Princess Hedwig of Lobkowicz		Joseph II, Prince of Schwarzenberg and Princesse Pauline of Arenberg
			Prince Philippe, Count of Paris and Princess Marie Isabelle of Orléans
			Amyntas III of Macedon and Eurydice I of Macedon
			Rudolph, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst and Dorothea Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
			Ferdinand VII of Spain and Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
Prince August of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen			Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg and Sophie Albertine of Solms-Sonnenwalde
			Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
	Christine Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg		Augustus II, Duke of Brunswick and Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst
	Elisabeth Sophie Marie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg		Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg and Eleanor of Anhalt-Zerbst
			John I, Count of Armagnac and Beatrice of Clermont
			Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma
			Charles V of France and Joanna of Bourbon
			John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria
			George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach
	Marie of Lorraine		Claude, Duke of Guise and Antoinette of Bourbon
			Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
	Louise of Nassau-Ottweiler		John Louis, Count of Nassau-Ottweiler and Countess Palatine Dorothea Catherine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler
			George William, Elector of Brandenburg and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Electress of Brandenburg
			John, Duke of Durazzo and Agnes of Périgord
			Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese
			Charles III, Duke of Lorraine and Claude of Valois
			Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile
			Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin and Princess Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach
	Princess Leopodine of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort		Dominic Marquard, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort and Landgravine Christine of Hesse-Wanfried
			Paul I of Russia and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
			Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici
			Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg
			Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino
			Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach and Princess Maria Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg
			Frederick VIII of Denmark and Louise of Sweden
			John George I, Elector of Saxony and Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia
			George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach
			Ludwig, Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
			Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken and Countess Philippine Henriette of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
			Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony
	Erdmuthe Sophie of Saxony		Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth and Marie of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
	Anna Sibylle of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt		Günther XL, Count of Schwarzburg and Countess Elisabeth zu Ysenburg-Büdingen in Birstein
	Charlotte Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Bernburg		Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg and Sophie Albertine of Solms-Sonnenwalde
			Adolphus Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Duchess Marie Katharina of Brunswick-Dannenberg
	Countess Sophia von Starhemberg		Maximilian Karl, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort and Countess Maria Polyxena Khuen of Lichtenberg and Belasi
			Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia
			John George, Elector of Brandenburg and Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst
			Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg and Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen
			John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg and Elisabeth of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
			Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
			Ferdinand Karl, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort and Countess Anna Maria of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
			Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha and Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg
	Princess Mathilde of Schaumburg-Lippe		George I, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and Princess Augusta of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
			Miguel I of Portugal and Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
			Isabella II of Spain and Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz
			John I of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster
			Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque
			Albert V, Duke of Bavaria and Archduchess Anna of Austria
			Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria
			Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria
			Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa; Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony
			Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony
			Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria; Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Christina of Lorraine
			Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Christina of Lorraine
			Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena and Maria Caterina Farnese
			Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa; Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony
			Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony
			Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa; Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony
			Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa
			Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma; Francis I of the Two Sicilies and María Isabella of Spain
			Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and Caroline of Baden
			Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
			Frederick I of Württemberg and Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
			George William, Elector of Brandenburg and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Electress of Brandenburg
			William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Hedwig Sophie of Brandenburg
			Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels and Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
			Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Magdalena Sibylla of Saxe-Weissenfels
			Frederick III of Denmark and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg
			Wilhelm Moritz, Count of Solms-Braunfels and Magdalena Sophie of Hesse-Homburg
			Frederick V of Denmark and Louise of Great Britain
			George William, Elector of Brandenburg and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Electress of Brandenburg
			Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
			John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau and Countess Henriette Catharina of Nassau
			Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler and Countess Palatine Magdalene Catherine of Zweibrücken
	Juliana Magdalena of Palatinate-Zweibrücken		John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
			Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen
			Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover and Sophia of Hanover
			Frederick William I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover; Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
			Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg and Princess Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt
			Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Princess Karoline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
			Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg and Princess Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt
			George, Duke of Brunswick and Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt
			Frederick, Prince of Wales and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
	Princess Karoline of Scharzburg-Rudolstadt		Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg and Princess Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt
			Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt and Agnes of Barby-Mühlingen
	Elisabeth Magdalena of Münsterberg-Oels		George II of Brieg and Barbara of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brieg
			Francesco I Sforza and Bianca Maria Visconti
			Stefano Visconti and Valentina Doria
	Princess Caroline of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt		Frederick Charles, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Princess Friederike Sophie Auguste of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
			Otto Victor, Prince of Schönburg-Waldenburg and Princess Thekla of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
			Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden and Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
			Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel
	Irene Palaiologina		John VI Kantakouzenos and Irene Asanina
	Princess Olga of Hohenlohe-Öhringen		August, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen and Duchess Louise of Württemberg
			Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein and Princess Anna Maria of Liechtenstein
			Charles, Duke of Vendôme and Françoise d'Alençon
			Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Maria Carolina of Austria
			John I of Castile and Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Castile
			Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
			Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque
			Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque
	Countess Eleonore Magdalene of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim		Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim and Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg
	Countess Amalia of Lippe-Brake		Simon VI, Count of Lippe and Elizabeth of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg
	Sophie Juliane of Waldeck-Wildungen		John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Magdalene of Waldeck-Wildungen
			Basarab I of Wallachia and Doamna Margareta
			Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans and Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
			Jaime, Duke of Braganza and Leonor Pérez de Guzmán
			Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile; Manuel I of Portugal and Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal
	Johanna of Hohenzollern-Hechingen		Karl I, Count of Hohenzollern and Anna of Baden-Durlach
			John George I, Elector of Saxony and Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia
	Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen		Karl I, Count of Hohenzollern and Anna of Baden-Durlach
	Countess Maria Josepha of Harrach-Rohrau		Anton Florian, Prince of Liechtenstein and Countess Eleonore Barbara of Thun-Hohenstein
			Bertrand VI, Count of Auvergne and Louise de La Trémoille
			John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg
	Mary of Bourbon		Francis, Count of Vendôme and Marie I, Countess of Saint-Pol and Soissons
			Gustav I of Sweden and Margaret Leijonhufvud
			John I of Castile and Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Castile
			Edward, King of Portugal and Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Portugal
			Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile
			Philip the Bold and Margaret III, Countess of Flanders
			Philip William, Elector Palatine and Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
	Princess Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg		Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels and Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
	Sophie Margarete of Anhalt-Bernburg		Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt and Agnes of Barby-Mühlingen
			Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt and Agnes of Barby-Mühlingen
			William I, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg and Countess Maria Anna of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
			Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia and Marie Eleonore of Cleves
			Prince Hartmann III of Liechtenstein and Countess Sidonie Elisabeth of Salm-Reifferscheidt
	Duchess Sybille of Braunschweig-Lüneburg		Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick and Duchess Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
			Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Louise of Denmark
			Joseph Wilhelm Ernst, Prince of Fürstenberg and Countess Maria Anna von Waldstein-Wartenberg
			Anselm Franz, 2nd Prince of Thurn and Taxis and Maria Ludovika Anna Franziska, Princess of Lobkowicz
			Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern and Princess Josephine of Baden
			Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck and Louise Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
			Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and Countess Katharina Agathe of Rappoltstein
			Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain
	Sophie Albertine of Solms-Sonnenwalde		Christian II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg and Eleonore Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
	Johanna of Hohenzollern-Bergh		Meinrad II, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Johanna Katharina von Montfort
			Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and Caroline of Baden
			Francis I of the Two Sicilies and María Isabella of Spain
			Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and Caroline of Baden
			Alexander II of Russia and Marie of Hesse
			Frederick VIII of Denmark and Louise of Sweden
	Agnes (Marie) de Lusignan		Leo II, King of Armenia and Keran, Queen of Armenia; Hugh III of Cyprus and Isabella of Ibelin, Queen of Cyprus and Jerusalem
			Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Maria Carolina of Austria
			Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau and Anna Luise Föhse
	Sibylle of Württemberg		Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg and Sibylla of Anhalt
	Countess Maria Franziska of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg		Johann Georg, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Franziska of Salm-Neufville
			Janus, King of Cyprus and Charlotte of Bourbon, Queen of Cyprus
			Philip, Duke of Parma and Louise-Élisabeth of France
			Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg
			John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg
			Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken
			John George I, Elector of Saxony and Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia
			Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici; Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain
			Louis, Dauphin of France and Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France
			Henri Jules, Prince of Condé and Anne Henriette of Bavaria
			Philippe II, Duke of Orléans and Françoise Marie de Bourbon
			Henri Jules, Prince of Condé and Anne Henriette of Bavaria
			Ludwig III of Bavaria and Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
	Countess Eleanor of Nassau-Saarbrücken		Henry Frederick, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Countess Juliana Dorothea of Castell-Remlingen; Gustav Adolph, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken and Landgravine Eleonore Klara of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
			Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain and Princess Luisa Carlotta of the Two Sicilies
			Marcus Annius Verus and Rupilia Faustina
			Gaius Octavius and Atia
			Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
			Francis I, Duke of Lorraine and Christina of Denmark
			Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile
			Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
			Constantine, Hereditary Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg and Princess Agnes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
			Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino
			Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia Minor
			Charles III, Duke of Lorraine and Claude of Valois
			Frederick VIII of Denmark and Louise of Sweden
			Henry, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode and Princess Johanna of Schönburg-Waldenburg
			Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Alexandrine of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
			Maria I of Portugal and Peter III of Portugal
			Louis, Duke of Savoy and Anne of Cyprus
			Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile; Manuel I of Portugal and Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal
			Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler and Countess Palatine Magdalene Catherine of Zweibrücken
			Louis Philippe I and Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
			Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici
			Louis XIII and Anne of Austria
			Pedro de Toledo y Zúñiga and María Osorio y Pimentel, 2nd Marquise of Villafranca del Bierzo
			Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain
	Adosinda Gutiérrez		Hermenegildo Gutiérrez and Ermesenda Gatónez
	Countess Maria Carolina Zamoyska		Prince Francis, Count of Trapani and Archduchess Maria Isabella of Austria
			Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma and Margherita Aldobrandini
			Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma and Margherita Aldobrandini
			Louis Philippe I and Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
			Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria and Amalia of Saxony, Duchess of Bavaria
	Princess Polyxena Louise of Nassau-Weilburg		George August, Count of Nassau-Idstein and Princess Henriette Dorothea of Oettingen
	Isabel de Lencastre		Fernando II, Duke of Braganza and Isabel of Viseu
			Charles Albert of Sardinia and Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen of Sardinia
			Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano and Princess Maria Christina of Saxony
			Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
			Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken
	Princess Ulrika Eleonora of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld		Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal and Catherine of Solms-Laubach
			Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
			Prince Augustus William of Prussia and Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
			Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg and Princess Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt
			Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg and Princess Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt
			George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach
William I, Count of Solms-Braunfels			William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Juliana of Stolberg
			Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France
			Paul I of Russia and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
			William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
			Frederick, Prince of Wales and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
			Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Sophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen
			William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Juliana of Stolberg
			Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria

Royalty outside Europe

Husband	Wife	Married	Shared grandparents
			Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Queen Damit of Brunei
			Mongkut and Debsirindra
			Alexander Jannaeus and Salome Alexandra
		784–85 CE	Al-Mansur and Arwa
			Yusef of Morocco and Lalla Yaqut
		805 CE	al-Mahdi and al-Khayzuran
			Seleucus I Nicator and Apama
			Antiochus II Theos and Laodice I
			Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II
			Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II
			Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II
			Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II
			Pharnaces I of Pontus and Nysa
			Tamatoa IV and Tu-ra’i-ariʻi E-he-vahine
			Aristobulus IV and Berenice
			Antipater the Idumaean and Cypros
			Fujiwara no Michinaga and Minamoto no Rinshi
			Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Queen Damit of Brunei
			Thongdi, Prince Father and Daoreung
			Emperor Wen of Han and Empress Dou
			Emperor Ichijō and Empress Shōshi; Fujiwara no Michinaga and Minamoto no Rinshi
			Darius the Great and Atossa
	Nouf bint Khalid bin Abdullah Al Abdul Rahman		Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
	Al Jawhara bint Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Al Kabir		Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud and Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
			Ibn Saud and Fahda bint Asi Al Shuraim
	Munira bint Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud		Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Faisal bin Saad bin Abdul Rahman			Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud and Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Faisal bin Saad bin Abdul Rahman			Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud and Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
	Hassa bint Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud		Ibn Saud and Wadha bint Muhammad bin 'Aqab Al Orair
			Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz and Abidiya bint Abdullah
			Taejo of Goryeo and Queen Sinjeong
	Mah Banu Khanum		Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar and Malekeh Jahan
		781–82 CE	Al-Mansur and Arwa
			Pengiran Anak Abdul Rahman and Pengiran Fatima
			Herod the Great and Mariamne I
			Fujiwara no Kaneie and Fujiwara no Tokihime
	Jehoaddan		Jehoram of Judah and Athaliah
Joseph ben Joseph			Antipater the Idumaean and Cypros
			Fujiwara no Kaneie and Fujiwara no Tokihime
			Fujiwara no Kaneie and Fujiwara no Tokihime
			Tong Tulai and Lady Sumuru
	Noura bint Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abdullah		Ibn Saud and Fahda bint Asi Al Shuraim
	Hessa bint Mohammed bin Isa Al Khalifa		Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa and Hessa bint Salman Al Khalifa
	Lulua bint Fahd		Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
	Abeer bint Turki bin Abdulaziz		Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
			Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum and Sheikha Hessa bint Al Murr
			Antiochus I of Commagene and Isias
	Fujiwara no Akirakeiko		Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu and Fujiwara no Mitsuko
			Mohammad Yahya Khan and Hamdan Sultana Begum
			Muhammad Asif Khan and Murwarid Begum
			Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum and Sheikha Hessa bint Al Murr
	Fujiwara no Senshi		Fujiwara no Morosuke and Fujiwara no Seishi
	Sara bint Saad bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud		Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud and Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
	Jawahir bint Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud		Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
	Reema bint Sultan		Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
			Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal
			Fujiwara no Sanesue and Fujiwara no Mutsuko
			Emperor Daigo and Fujiwara no Onshi
	Fujiwara no Kaishi		Fujiwara no Morosuke and Fujiwara no Seishi
	Fujiwara no Chōshi		Fujiwara no Morosuke and Fujiwara no Seishi
Phasael II			Antipater the Idumaean and Cypros
	Tetuanui Tarovahine		Teu and Tetupaia i Hauiri
			Mongkut and Piyamavadi
	Prabhavasidhi Narumala		Mongkut and Debsirindra
	Raja Nur Saidatul-Ihsan		Sulaiman of Selangor and Cik Puan Hasnah
			Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Sudairi and Sharifa bint Ali bin Mohammed Al Suwaidi
	Falwa bint Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud		Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Xue Shao			Emperor Taizong of Tang and Empress Zhangsun
			Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal
	Shahzadi Begum		Aga Khan I and Sarv-i Jahan Khanum
			Emperor Ichijō and Empress Shōshi; Fujiwara no Michinaga and Minamoto no Rinshi
			Amir Nasser Pasha and Dilber Khanum
	Phaya Rita		Thibaw Min and Supayalat
Teriʻihinoiatua Pōmare			Pōmare IV and Ariifaaite
			Tariq bin Taimur Al Said and Shawana bint Hamud Al Busaidiyah
	Ghaliya bint Salim Al-Busaidiyah		Sultan bin Ahmad and Sayyida Ghanneyeh bint Saif Al-Busaidi
			Nakkhatra Mangala and Bua Kitiyakara
			Hystaspes and Rhodogune
			Emperor Go-Saga and Saionji Kisshi
			Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei and Consort Yuan
	Chalermkhetra Mangala		Mongkut and Debsirindra
			Huizheng and Lady Fuca

Aristocracy

Husband	Wife	Married	Shared grandparents
	Enriqueta de Borbón y Parade, 4th Duchess of Seville		Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville and Elena María de Castellví y Shelly
	Isabella Henrietta Poyntz		Kelland Courtenay and Hon. Elizabeth Montagu
	Mary Sackville		Richard Sackville, 5th Earl of Dorset and Lady Frances Cranfield
			James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond and Lady Joan Fitzgerald
	Sophia Trevanion		William Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley of Stratton and Frances Temple
	Juliana Elizabeth Byron		William Byron, 4th Baron Byron and Hon. Frances Berkeley
	Lady Eleanor Charteris		Walter Campbell of Shawfield and Eleanor Kerr
	Lady Georgiana Greville		Charles Cathcart, 9th Lord Cathcart and Jane Hamilton
	Emma Lascelles		George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle and Lady Georgiana Cavendish
	Mary Mackarness		John Taylor Coleridge and Mary Buchanan
			Diego Columbus and María de Toledo
	Elisabeth of Waldeck-Wildungen		John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Magdalene of Waldeck-Wildungen
			Louis of Nassau, Lord of De Lek and Beverweerd and Countess Isabella of Hornes
	Lady Katharine de la Poer Beresford		John Beresford, 5th Marquess of Waterford and Lady Blanche Somerset
	Frede (Frederica) Marie von Dohna		Christopher von Dohna and Ursula of Solms-Braunfels
	Hon. Lucy Elizabeth Montagu-Scott		Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch and Lady Elizabeth Montagu
	Lady Elizabeth Howard		James Dutton, 1st Baron Sherborne and Elizabeth Coke
			William IV and Dorothea Jordan
			Lord Archibald Hamilton and Lady Jane Hamilton
	Lady Katherine Charteris Wemyss		Francis Charteris, Lord Elcho and Susan Keck
	Lady Constance Leveson-Gower		George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland and Elizabeth Gordon, 19th Countess of Sutherland
	Lady Cecil Hamilton		James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn and Anne Plumer
			Hon. Simon Harcourt and Elizabeth Evelyn
	Marcia Persephone Hare		Richard Hare, 4th Earl of Listowel and Freda Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone
	Harriet Williamina Hepburn-Forbes		William Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian and Lady Harriet Scott
	Elizabeth Howard		Lord Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard and Elizabeth Long
	Elizabeth Beauclerk		Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough and Hon. Elizabeth Trevor
			William Pierrepont and Elizabeth Harries
	Catherine Graham		William Howard and Elizabeth Dundas
	Louisa Madeleine Hawkins		Francis Hawkins and Helen Dempster Burrington
	Lady Jean Campbell		Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll and Lady Margaret Douglas
	Frances Baring		Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet and Harriet Herring
	Harriet Thornton		John Thornton and Lucy Watson
	Sophia Thornton		John Thornton and Lucy Watson
	Anne Manners		John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and The Hon. Bridget Sutton
	Lady Susan Hamilton		Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway and Lady Catherine Cochrane
	Lady Catherine Stewart		James Stewart, 5th Earl of Galloway and Lady Catherine Montgomerie
			John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl and Lady Katherine Hamilton
	Caroline Bennet		Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond and Sarah Lennox, Duchess of Richmond
	Lady Anne O'Brien		Donogh O'Brien, 4th Earl of Thomond and Lady Elizabeth FitzGerald
			William O'Brien, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin and Mary Villiers
			Sir Edward Villiers and Lady Frances Howard
	Catherine Pelham		Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham and Lady Grace Holles
	Mary FitzMaurice		William FitzMaurice, 20th Baron Kerry and Constance Long
	Lady Maria Ponsonby		Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough and Henrietta Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough
	Anne Cheeke		Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick and Lady Penelope Devereux
	Charlotte Nathan Rothschild		Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Guttle Schnapper
			Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Guttle Schnapper
	Louise von Rothschild		Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Guttle Schnapper
	Baroness Emma von Rothschild		Nathan Mayer Rothschild and Hannah Barent Cohen; Carl Mayer von Rothschild and Adelheid Herz
			Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Guttle Schnapper
	Lady Margaret Russell		Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford and Catherine Brydges
	Elizabeth Russell		Francis Russell, Marquess of Tavistock and Lady Elizabeth Keppel
	Lady Georgiana Somerset		Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford and Susanna Leveson-Gower, Marchioness of Stafford
			George Sackville-West, 5th Earl De La Warr and Elizabeth Sackville, 1st Baroness Buckhurst
	Luisa Sánchez de Tagle		Don Anselmo Sánchez de Tagle and Juliana de la Rasa Barreda
			Józef Klemens Czartoryski and Dorota Barbara Jabłonowska
			Simon Fraser, 13th Lord Lovat and Alice Maria Weld-Blundell
			Miguel María Domínguez Guevara Vasconcellos y Albuquerque and Antonia De Guevara-Vasconcelos y Alburquerque
	Charlotte Margaret Hornby		James Smith-Stanley, Lord Strange and Lucy Smith
	Lady Elizabeth FitzRoy		Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton and Hon. Anne Liddell
	Hon. Elizabeth Boscawen		Hon. Edward Boscawen and Frances Glanville
	Lady Elizabeth Spencer		Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough and Hon. Elizabeth Trevor
			John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway and Anne Dashwood
	Jane Stewart		John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway and Anne Dashwood
	Lady Charlotte Montagu-Scott		Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch and Lady Elizabeth Montagu
	Lady Augusta Bingham		Robert Brudenell, 6th Earl of Cardigan and Penelope Brudenell, Countess of Cardigan
			Azai Nagamasa and Oichi
	Lady Catherine Powlett		Robert Lowther and Katherine Pennington
			James Waldegrave, 1st Earl Waldegrave and Mary Webb
			William Waldegrave, 8th Earl Waldegrave and Elizabeth Whitbread
	Catherine Furnese		Lewis Watson, 1st Earl of Rockingham and Catherine Sondes
	Hon. Mary Dundas		William Fitzwilliam, 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam and Lady Anne Watson-Wentworth
			Thomas Archer, 1st Baron Archer and Catherine Tipping

See also

• Avunculate marriage
• Consanguinity
• Cousin marriage
• Marriage

Notes and References

1. Sarah Kershaw, "Shaking Off the Shame", The New York Times, 26 November 2009.
2. Martin Ottenheimer, Forbidden Relatives: The American Myth of Cousin Marriage, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1996, chapter 5.
3. Book: Goodrich, Charles A. . 1829. Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence. 131–38. New York. William Reed & Co..
4. [Jenny Uglow]
5. http://www.ozap.com/actu/christine-boutin-poursuivra-en-justice-ceux-qui-l-attaquent-sur-son-mari-et-cousin-germain/447312 "Christine Boutin poursuivra en justice ceux qui l'attaquent sur son mari (et cousin germain)"
6. Book: Ward, Bob. Dr. Space: The Life of Wernher von Braun. 72.
7. http://www.nndb.com/people/698/000049551/ Charles Bulfinch biography
8. https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=980DEED91739E233A2575AC2A96E9C946496D6CF&scp=4&sq=charles+darwin+cousin&st=p Intimate Disclosures in Darwin Letters
9. Book: Peter. Raven. George. Johnson. Understanding Biology 3rd Edition. 287. Wm. C. Brown Communications. 1995. 0-697-22213-6.
10. http://www.edinformatics.com/great_thinkers/einstein.htm Albert Einstein – Great Minds, Great Thinkers
11. https://web.archive.org/web/20070927032452/http://www.newenglandancestors.org/education/articles/NEXUS/Nexus_10.4.8.asp Notable Kin: Boston Cousins of Queen Victoria and Yankee Ancestors of Mrs. Thomas Philip
12. Web site: Cápsulas Genealógicas: Santiago, la cuna de los Espaillat. 15 February 2014 . Spanish.
13. Web site: Historia Dominicana: Viriato Fiallo, líder político importante luego de la era de Trujillo. Spanish.
14. Book: Riffenburgh, Beau. Encyclopedia of the Antarctic – Volume 1. 424. Taylor & Francis.
15. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20080516105457/http://www.ipsn.org/gambino.html. Carlo Gambino, His Rise As New York's Mafia King. ipsn.org. dead. John J.. Flood . Jim. McGough. May 16, 2008. November 14, 2017.
16. Book: Van Tuyl, Jocelyn. Andre Gide and the Second World War: A Novelist's Occupation. 5. SUNY Press. 2012.
17. http://www.galegroup.com/free_resources/whm/bio/gilman_c.htm Biographies – Charlotte Perkins Gilman
18. Book: Spalding, Frances. Duncan Grant: A Biography. 1998. 0-7126-6640-0. Random House. registration.
19. http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/edvardgrieg.html Edward and Nina Grieg
20. Book: Ebenstein, Alan O.. Friedrich Hayek: A Biography. 169. 2001. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Trade. 978-0312233440. registration.
21. Book: Partridge, Monica. Alexander Herzen: 1812–1870. 21 .
22. Web site: Zee James – Wife of Jesse James. Kathy. Weiser. legendsofamerica.com. March 13, 2008. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080323031242/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/WE-ZeeJames.html. March 23, 2008.
23. News: Subtle change of seasons. The Economist. August 6, 2010.
24. Encyclopedia: Nobusuke Kishi Biography. Encyclopedia of World Biography. March 13, 2008.
25. Book: Maxford, Howard. David Lean. 14.
26. http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/machado.htm Gerardo Machado
27. Web site: Delarivier Manely. enotes.com.
28. http://www.myrevolutionarywar.com/leaders/a-marion_francis.htm Brigadier General Francis Marion of the American Army
29. http://www.nndb.com/people/166/000032070/ Abraham Maslow
30. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/madeleine-milhaud-actress-wife-of-the-composer-776120.html Madeleine Milhaud: Actress wife of the composer
31. Web site: terra.com.pe. Marina Mora se casa con su primo hermano . Spanish. July 31, 2005. Peru. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110727061257/http://www.terra.com.pe/entretenimiento/noticias/oci114253/marina-mora-se-casa-con-su-primo-hermano.html. July 27, 2011. November 14, 2017.
32. Book: Karabel . Jerome . The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton . 2006 . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt . 566.
33. http://www.humanitiesweb.org/human.php?s=l&p=c&a=b&ID=65 Outlines of English and American Literature
34. http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/3-5-2005-66632.asp Biography of Sergei Rachmaninoff
35. News: Arup . Kr De. Ties that Bind. The Statesman. Calcutta, India. 27 April 2008. Satyajit Ray had an unconventional marriage. He married Bijoya (born 1917), youngest daughter of his eldest maternal uncle, Charuchandra Das, in 1948 in a secret ceremony in Bombay after a long romantic relationship that had begun around the time he left college in 1940. The marriage was reconfirmed in Calcutta the next year at a traditional religious ceremony.
36. https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2008/jul/20/15 This much I know: Greta Scacchi, actor, 48, Sussex
37. http://www.nndb.com/people/181/000025106/ Igor Stravinsky
38. [Alan Rusbridger]
39. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/309/1/Shogun.pdf Shogun and Samurai – Tales of Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Ieyasu
40. Web site: H.G. Wells. TheFreeLibrary.com. March 13, 2008.
41. http://www.whipple.org/william/declaration.html William Whipple and the Declaration of Independence
42. Yule family (per. 1863–1928), merchants and industrialists . 2004 . 15 January 2019 . en . 10.1093/ref:odnb/61112. Russell . Iain F. .