List of countries by income equality explained

This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality (where everyone has the same income) and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality (where one person has all the incomeand everyone else has no income).

Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country (see List of countries by wealth inequality). Income from black market economic activity is not included and is the subject of current economic research.^{[1] [2]}

UN, World Bank and CIA list – income ratios and Gini indices

Row numbers are static. Other columns are sortable. This allows ranking of any column.

Key:

R/P 10%: The ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%.

R/P 20%: The ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%.

Gini: Gini index, a quantified representation of a nation's Lorenz curve. A Gini index of 0% expresses perfect equality, while index of 100% expresses maximal inequality.

UN: Data from the United Nations Development Programme.

CIA: Data from the Central Intelligence Agency's The World Factbook.

Country	Subregion	Region	UN R/P		CIA R/P^[3]		World Bank Gini^[4] ^[5]
			width=50px	10%	width=50px	20%^[6]	width=50px	10%	width=50px	Year	width=50px	%	width=50px	Year
scope=row style="text-align:left"									--->
scope=row style="text-align:left"				7.2	4.2	7.2	2004	29.4	2020
scope=row style="text-align:left"				9.6	4.0	9.6	1995	27.6	2011
scope=row style="text-align:left"					9.0			51.3	2018
scope=row style="text-align:left"				31.6	8.8	35.0	2007	40.7	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				8.0	5.0	25.8	2004	27.9	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				12.5	6.3	12.7	1994	34.3	2018
scope=row style="text-align:left"				6.9	4.9	6.8	2004	30.7	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				9.7		9.5	2001	26.6	2005
scope=row style="text-align:left"				7.5	4.8	7.5	2000	33.4	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				6.9	3.6	6.9	2002	24.4	2020
scope=row style="text-align:left"				8.2	4.2	8.3	2000	26.6	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				28.8		19.9	2013	53.3	1999
scope=row style="text-align:left"				9.4	16.3	9.4	2003	34.4	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					6.6			28.5	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				93.9	11.8	157.3	2002	40.9	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				5.4	5.4	5.5	2001	33.0	2011
scope=row style="text-align:left"				43.0	15.0			53.3	2015
scope=row style="text-align:left"				16.5	21.1	16.3	2013	52.0	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				7.0	7.3	8.8	2005	39.0	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				11.6	5.3	11.5	2003	37.4	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				19.3	6.7	19.3	1998	37.5	2020
scope=row style="text-align:left"				12.2		12.0	2004	36	2013
scope=row style="text-align:left"				15.7	11.5	15.4	2001	42.2	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				9.4	6.2	9.5	2000	31.7	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"					10.7			42.4	2015
scope=row style="text-align:left"				69.2	18.5	68.1	1993	43.0	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					10.0			37.4	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				26.2	11.2	32.1	2003	43.0	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				21.6	10.2	21.8	2004	37.1	2020
scope=row style="text-align:left"				60.4	13.4	56.3	2008	54.8	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"					11.2			45.3	2014
scope=row style="text-align:left"					8.8			44.7	2020
scope=row style="text-align:left"					12.8			48.9	2011
scope=row style="text-align:left"				23.4	12.3	37.3	2003	47.2	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				16.6	8.4	17.0	2002	35.3	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				7.3	5.3	7.2	2003	28.9	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					5.3			31.3	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				5.2	3.7	5.2	1996	26.2	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				8.1	4.0	12.0	2000	28.3	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					8.8			41.6	2017
scope=row style="text-align:left"				25.3	10.5	18.8	2012	37.0	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				35.2	10.7	17.5	2006	45.5	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				8.0	4.6	8.0	2000	31.9	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"				38.6	7.0	55.4	2002	38.8	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				10.8	5.4	11.0	2003	31.8	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"			Africa	25.1	14.2	25.4	2001	54.6	2016
scope=row style="text-align:left"				6.6	7.1	6.5	2000	35.0	2015
scope=row style="text-align:left"						8.6	2015	30.6	2012
scope=row style="text-align:left"								22.71	2018
scope=row style="text-align:left"					6.0			30.7	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"				5.6	3.9	5.7	2000	27.7	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				9.1	5.2	8.3	2004	31.5	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					7.4			38.0	2017
scope=row style="text-align:left"				20.2	5.9	20.6	1998	38.8	2020
scope=row style="text-align:left"				15.4	7.1	15.2	2003	34.2	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				6.9	5.1	6.9	2000	31.7	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"				14.1	10.3	13.7	1999	43.5	2016
scope=row style="text-align:left"				10.2	7.1	10.4	2000	32.9	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				33.9	11.9	48.2	2002	48.3	2014
scope=row style="text-align:left"				10.5	5.5	21.6	2006	29.6	2018
scope=row style="text-align:left"				19.0	12.6	84.8	1991	33.4	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"						26.0	1999	45.1	1998
scope=row style="text-align:left"				54.4	8.6	68.1	2001	41.1	2012
scope=row style="text-align:left"				59.4	17.1	35.2	2003	48.2	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"				17.8				53.9	2016
scope=row style="text-align:left"				5.5	4.9	5.6	2002	29.2	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					4.0			26.1	2017
scope=row style="text-align:left"				8.6	5.5	8.6	2004	32.8	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				7.8	6.6	7.9	2002	38.3	2023
scope=row style="text-align:left"				17.2	7.7	16.9	1998	34.8	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"					4.4			29.5	2012
scope=row style="text-align:left"				9.4	5.0	9.4	2000	30.1	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				13.4	8.5	11.8	2005	37.9	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				11.6	7.0	11.7	2000	34.8	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				17.3		17.0	2004	40.2	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				4.5	5.4	4.5	1993	32.9	2013
scope=row style="text-align:left"				11.3	5.2	11.3	2003	33.7	2010
scope=row style="text-align:left"				8.5	3.8	8.0	2004	29.2	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				13.6	7.7	18.6	2000	38.7	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				7.8	5.3	5.9	2011	31.4	2016
scope=row style="text-align:left"								29.0	2017
scope=row style="text-align:left"				6.4	3.8	6.4	2003	28.8	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				8.3	5.9	8.4	2002	38.8	2018
scope=row style="text-align:left"				11.6	5.8	11.6	2003	34.3	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					5.1			31.8	2011
scope=row style="text-align:left"				39.8	20.8	48.2	2002	44.9	2017
scope=row style="text-align:left"				12.8	5.9			35.3	2016
scope=row style="text-align:left"				10.4	7.2	10.3	2003	36.7	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					5.7	6.8	2000	32.7	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"								36.0	2018
scope=row style="text-align:left"				12.5	7.3	12.3	2003	33.5	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"				19.2	8.7	19.3	2001	42.6	2012
scope=row style="text-align:left"				10.9	8.1	11.0	2004	38.5	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"				22.1	8.2	28.0	2003	40.7	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					7.0			29.3	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"				12.5	5.2	12.6	2001	35.7	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					4.5			31.4	2020
scope=row style="text-align:left"				12.0	5.4	11.8	2000	32.0	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"					5.9			36.8	2017
scope=row style="text-align:left"				21.6	8.8	24.6	2004	43.5	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"					8.4			40.1	2013
scope=row style="text-align:left"				8.2	3.6	8.3	2003	25.7	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				8.2	5.1	8.2	2002	31.4	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"					4.8			34.3	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				11.7	7.0	11.9	1999	39.5	2013
scope=row style="text-align:left"				18.8	14.2	18.8	2002	50.5	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"					6.3	11.6	1998	30.7	2017
scope=row style="text-align:left"				106.6	22.8	129.0	2003	59.1	2015
scope=row style="text-align:left"				15.8	5.0	15.6	2004	32.8	2010
scope=row style="text-align:left"				9.2	4.2	9.2	1999	25.7	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				12.4				33.9	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"				31.0	10.2	15.4	2001	46.2	2014
scope=row style="text-align:left"				46.0	5.4	44.3	1995	32.9	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				17.8	9.1	17.5	2003	35.1	2018
scope=row style="text-align:left"				6.1	4.1	6.0	2000	27.7	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"				6.5	4.8	6.6	2002	29.6	2018
scope=row style="text-align:left"				49.9	15.9	61.4	2003	48.9	2023
scope=row style="text-align:left"				23.8	9.3	23.8	1996	41.9	2009
scope=row style="text-align:left"				38.8	11.7	65.9	2003	45.1	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				26.1	10.3	31.5	2003	40.3	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				15.5	7.2	15.5	2003	40.7	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				8.8	4.6	8.7	2002	28.5	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				15.0	6.4	9.2	1995	34.6	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"								41.1	2007
scope=row style="text-align:left"				7.5	8.0	7.4	2003	33.9	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				12.7	6.6	12.8	2002	36.0	2020
scope=row style="text-align:left"				18.6	8.5	18.2	2000	43.7	2016
scope=row style="text-align:left"					4.7			40.7	2017
scope=row style="text-align:left"								45.9	2013
scope=row style="text-align:left"				12.3	7.7	12.4	2001	36.2	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					4.2			33.1	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					9.8			32.1	2018
scope=row style="text-align:left"				87.2	5.4	87.2	1989	35.7	2018
scope=row style="text-align:left"				17.7		17.3	1998	45.9	2017
scope=row style="text-align:left"				6.7	4.1	6.7	1996	24.1	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				5.9	3.7	5.9	1998	24.3	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"								36.8	2017
scope=row style="text-align:left"				33.1	28.4	31.9	2000	63.0	2014
scope=row style="text-align:left"					13.0			44.1	2016
scope=row style="text-align:left"				10.3	7.3	10.2	2000	33.9	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				11.1	6.8	36.1	2003	37.7	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"					6.8			51.2	2016
scope=row style="text-align:left"					6.2			34.2	2014
scope=row style="text-align:left"								39.2	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				6.2	4.6	6.2	2000	29.8	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				9.0	5.2	8.9	2000	33.7	2020
scope=row style="text-align:left"								26.6	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"						6.1	2002	34.1	2017
scope=row style="text-align:left"				7.8	5.6	7.8	2003	34.0	2015
scope=row style="text-align:left"				9.2	6.2	9.3	2000	40.5	2018
scope=row style="text-align:left"				12.6	6.0	12.4	2002	34.9	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"					4.1			28.7	2014
scope=row style="text-align:left"					9.7			37.9	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				12.9				40.3	1992
scope=row style="text-align:left"				13.4	5.2	13.7	2000	33.7	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				6.6	8.5	17.1	2003	44.4	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				12.3		12.2	1998	40.8	1998
scope=row style="text-align:left"				16.6	8.2	16.4	2002	42.7	2019
scope=row style="text-align:left"				5.9	3.5	7.6	2006	25.6	2020
scope=row style="text-align:left"								26.0	2018
scope=row style="text-align:left"				13.8	5.4	13.6	1999	32.4	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				18.5	9.4	14.0	2014	39.8	2021
scope=row style="text-align:left"				11.8	7.8	17.9	2003	40.6	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				10.6		10.6	2003	31.2	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				18.8	15.8	50.3	2003	44.8	2006
scope=row style="text-align:left"				6.9	6.2	10.0	2004	36.1	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"				8.6	6.1	8.6	2003	36.7	2014
scope=row style="text-align:left"					21.1			51.5	2022
scope=row style="text-align:left"					8.6			50.3	2019
					38.0	2007

EU27 countries

Member state	data-sort-type=number	2011	data-sort-type=number	2012	data-sort-type=number	2013	data-sort-type=number	2014	data-sort-type=number	2015	data-sort-type=number	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Austria	27.4	27.6	27.0	27.6	27.2	27.2	27.9	26.8	27.5	27.0	26.7	27.8	28.1
Belgium	26.3	26.5	25.9	25.9	26.2	26.3	26.1	25.7	25.1	25.4	24.1	24.9	24.2
Bulgaria	35.0	33.6	35.4	35.4	37.0	37.7	40.2	39.6	40.8	40.0	39.7	38.4	37.2
Croatia	31.2	30.9	30.9	30.2	30.4	29.8	29.9	29.7	29.2	28.3	29.2	28.5	29.7
Cyprus	29.2	31.0	32.4	34.8	33.6	32.1	30.8	29.1	31.1	29.3	29.4	29.4	29.6
	25.2	24.9	24.6	25.1	25.0	25.1	24.5	24.0	24.0	24.2	24.9	24.8	24.4
Denmark	26.6	26.5	26.8	27.7	27.4	27.7	27.6	27.8	27.5	27.3	27.0	27.7	28.2
Estonia	31.9	32.5	32.9	35.6	34.8	32.7	31.6	30.6	30.5	30.5	30.6	31.9	31.8
Finland	25.8	25.9	25.4	25.6	25.2	25.4	25.3	25.9	26.2	26.5	25.7	26.6	26.6
France	30.8	30.5	30.1	29.2	29.2	29.3	28.8	28.5	29.2	29.2	29.3	29.8	29.7
Germany	29.0	28.3	29.7	30.7	30.1	29.5	29.1	31.1	29.7	30.5	31.2	29.0	29.4
Greece	33.5	34.3	34.4	34.5	34.2	34.3	33.4	32.3	31.0	31.4	32.4	31.4	31.8
Hungary	26.9	27.2	28.3	28.6	28.2	28.2	28.1	28.7	28.0	28.0	27.6	27.4	29.0
	29.8	30.4	30.7	31.1	29.7	29.6	30.6	28.9	28.3	28.3	26.6	26.9	27.4
Italy	32.5	32.4	32.8	32.4	32.4	33.1	32.7	33.4	32.8	32.5	32.9	32.7	31.5
Latvia	35.1	35.7	35.2	35.5	35.4	34.5	34.5	35.6	35.2	34.5	35.7	34.3	34.0
Lithuania	33.0	32.0	34.6	35.0	37.9	37.0	37.6	36.9	35.4	35.1	35.4	36.2	35.7
Luxembourg	27.2	28.0	30.4	28.7	28.5	29.6	29.2	31.3	32.3	31.2	29.6	29.1	30.6
Malta	27.2	27.1	28.0	27.7	28.1	28.6	28.2	28.7	28.0	30.3	31.2	31.1	33.0
Netherlands	25.8	25.4	25.1	26.2	26.7	26.9	27.1	27.4	26.8	28.2	26.4	26.3	26.4
Poland	31.1	30.9	30.7	30.8	30.6	29.8	29.2	27.8	28.5	27.2	26.8	26.3	27.0
Portugal	34.2	34.5	34.2	34.5	34.0	33.9	33.5	32.1	31.9	31.2	33.0	32.0	33.7
Romania	33.5	34.0	34.6	35.0	37.4	34.7	33.1	35.1	34.8	33.8	34.3	32.0	31.0
Slovakia	25.7	25.3	24.2	26.1	23.7	24.3	23.2	20.9	22.8	20.9	21.8	21.2	21.6
Slovenia	23.8	23.7	24.4	25.0	24.5	24.4	23.7	23.4	23.9	23.5	23.0	23.1	23.4
Spain	34.0	34.2	33.7	34.7	34.6	34.5	34.1	33.2	33.0	32.1	33.0	32.0	31.5
Sweden	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.9	26.7	27.6	28.0	27.0	27.6	26.9	26.8	27.6	29.5
	30.5	30.4	30.6	30.9	30.8	30.6	30.3	30.4	30.2	30.0	30.2	29.6	29.6
Eurozone (EA19)	30.6	30.5	30.7	31.0	30.7	30.7	30.4	30.6	30.2	30.3	30.5	—	—
Serbia	—	—	38.0	38.3	40.0	39.8	37.8	35.6	33.3	33.3	33.3	33.2	—
Montenegro^[7]	—	—	38.5	36.5	36.5	36.5	36.7	34.7	34.1	32.9	32.5	31.5	—

Note: Pink-coloured cells indicate a break in the time series. Blue-coloured cells indicate estimated values.

Source: Eurostat, “Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey”^[8]

OECD countries

Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers

Country	Gini	Year
	0.441	2020
	0.486	2019
	0.489	2019
	0.438	2020
	0.495	2017
	0.551	2021
	0.432	2019
	0.445	2019
	0.465	2019
	0.516	2020
	0.519	2019
	0.497	2019
	0.525	2019
	0.463	2019
	0.369	2017
	0.520	2018
	0.449	2019
	0.511	2018
	0.570	2021
	0.483	2020
	0.495	2019
	0.490	2019
	0.435	2020
	0.453	2020
	0.454	2020
	0.436	2020
	0.452	2018
	0.511	2019
	0.383	2019
	0.444	2019
	0.405	2020
	0.491	2019
	0.433	2020
	0.402	2019
	0.502	2019
	0.507	2020
	0.517	2021

Source:^{[9] [10]}

Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers

Country	Gini	Year
	0.318	2020
	0.274	2019
	0.262	2019
	0.280	2020
	0.460	2017
	0.487	2021
	0.248	2019
	0.268	2019
	0.305	2019
	0.265	2020
	0.292	2019
	0.296	2019
	0.308	2019
	0.286	2019
	0.250	2017
	0.292	2018
	0.342	2019
	0.330	2018
	0.381	2021
	0.355	2020
	0.357	2019
	0.305	2019
	0.420	2020
	0.304	2020
	0.320	2020
	0.263	2020
	0.281	2018
	0.310	2019
	0.222	2019
	0.246	2019
	0.331	2020
	0.320	2019
	0.276	2020
	0.316	2019
	0.415	2019
	0.355	2020
	0.375	2021

Source:^{[11] [12]}

See also

• Income inequality
• Economic mobility
• Economic inequality
• Wealth inequality in the United States
• List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index
• List of sovereign states by percentage of population living in poverty
• List of countries by share of income of the richest one percent

Further reading

• Book: December 2011 . An Overview of Growing Income Inequalities in OECD Countries: Main Findings . Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Growing . http://www.oecd.org/els/socialpoliciesanddata/49499779.pdf . OECD Publishing . 978-92-64-11163-9 . 6 December 2011.  This book released with two titles, depending on country of publication. However, the ISBN remains the same.
• Web site: May 2019 . Fed's Brainard Says Middle Class Squeeze Poses Risks to Economy . . 15 May 2019.  USA's Gini index is now .482 according to Federal Reserve Governor Lael Brainard.

External links

• Global Peace Index Map of Gini data for 2007–2010
• Shadow economies all over the world : new estimates for 162 countries from 1999 to 2007. Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn, Claudio E. Montenegro. July 2010. World Bank.
• Allianz Global Wealth Report 2018.

Notes and References

1. http://www.gler.it/gler_XV_1/Odoardi.pdf Underground economy and income inequality: two connected aspects in the oncoming context of Italian federalism
2. http://ftp.iza.org/dp1431.pdf The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: First Results over the Period 1999 to 2003
3. Book: Monino . Jean-Louis . Data Development Mechanisms . Sedkaoui . Soraya . 2016-03-11 . Big Data, Open Data and Data Development . John Wiley & Sons, Inc. . 978-1-119-28519-9 . Hoboken, N.J. . 43–72 . 10.1002/9781119285199.ch3 . 2021-06-26.
4. Web site: GINI index (World Bank estimate) . 4 April 2024 . World Bank.
5. Web site: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - The World Factbook . 2022-08-24 . www.cia.gov.
6. Web site: Human Development Reports. UNDP . 2019-03-04.
7. GINI Index for Montenegro. 18 January 2018.
8. Web site: Statistics Eurostat . 2024-07-13. ec.europa.eu.
9. Web site: Income Distribution Database. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD.org. December 23, 2022. Measure: Gini (market income, before taxes and transfers)
10. Web site: Japan records its second-worst income disparity as society ages. The Asahi Shimbun. asahi.com. August 23, 2023. Measure: Gini (market income, before taxes and transfers)
11. Web site: Income Distribution Database. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD.org. December 23, 2022. Measure: Gini (disposable income, post taxes and transfers)
12. Web site: Japan records its second-worst income disparity as society ages. The Asahi Shimbun. asahi.com. August 23, 2023. Measure: Gini (market income, before taxes and transfers)