List of countries by date of recognition of the United States explained

This is a list of nations by when they recognized the United States.[1]

List

State data-sort-type="date" Date !Notes
MoroccoJune 23, 1777Morocco implicitly recognized the United States in 1777,[2] [3] after Sultan Mohammed III signed a decree granting American ships protection and free access to Moroccan ports.[4] The Sultan previously expressed his desire to be a "friend of the Americans". Morocco formally recognized the United States on June 23, 1786, when a treaty of peace and friendship was signed.[5]
FranceFebruary 6, 1778[6] Treaty of peace and trade signed by the Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes on the behalf of King Louis XVI.Louis XVI previously stated that he recognized the sovereignty of the United States on December 6, 1777 but he had not signed the treaty.
April 19, 1782 The first official acknowledgement of the sovereignty of the United States of America was on November 16, 1776, when the first foreign salute[7] was given to the American Flag. The gun salute was given to the vessel USS Andrew Doria in Fort Orange on the Dutch island of St. Eustatius. This event is known as the 'first salute' [8] [9]
February 15, 1783[10] Diplomatic relations only began in 1791 following the Revolutionary War.[11]
SpainFebruary 20, 1783 On September 4, 1776, Luis de Unzaga y Amézaga recognised the United States as a nation in his correspondence with General Lee, addresing him with the title "General of the United States of America".[12] This term was transmitted to Joseph Reed and George Washington.[13] [14]
April 3, 1783[15] The Swedish-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce, with Translation, 3 April [i.e., 5 March] 1783Officially in 1783 with "The Swedish-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce". Unofficially the Swedish king Gustav III was the first head of state to recognise USA in 1777 [16] and expressed his excitement about "this new republic" in October 1786.[17]
July 7, 1783[18] de facto recognition
August 1783[19]
September 3, 1783 Signing of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, ending the American Revolutionary War and recognizing U.S. independence.
December 15, 1784
September 18, 1785
June 17, 1790
October 25, 1791
June 9, 1792
May 28, 1794
May 29, 1794 Exact date of recognition unknown, but occurred between May 29, 1794 and December 7, 1796.
September, 1795[20] September 5, 1795.
June, 1796[21] Some time in mid-1796.
May 20, 1796
November 4, 1796
1797 Month and day unspecified
1802 Month and day unspecified
October 28, 1803[22]
January 22, 1816
Gran ColombiaJune 19, 1822As ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary on behalf of Gran Colombia Credentials are presented by Manuel Torres who established diplomatic relations with the United States and in turn is received as the first ambassador of Colombia by U.S. President James Monroe on June 19, 1822. This act represented the first U.S. recognition of a former Spanish colony's independence.
MexicoDecember 12, 1822
November 21, 1825
December 23, 1826[23]
May 14, 1829
November 30, 1829
December 2, 1829
January 8, 1830
February 11, 1830
July 13, 1832
July 4, 1833
September 21, 1833[24]
March 3, 1837[25]
June 16, 1844
May 27, 1846
April 5, 1848
June 1850
June 28, 1850
June 16, 1852
December 2, 1853
March 31, 1854 Perry Expedition
July 11, 1854
April 11, 1861[26]
December 22, 1871[27]
October 14, 1881[28]
May 22, 1882[29]
Abyssinia (Ethiopia)December 27, 1903[30]
October 30, 1905[31]
February 10, 1919[32]
July 26, 1921[33]
July 28, 1922
February 18, 1927[34]
November 5, 1929[35]
January 9, 1930[36]
November 16, 1933[37]
July 4, 1946
PakistanAugust 15, 1947
January 1, 1949[38]
December 19, 1949[39]
February 7, 1950[40]
April 7, 1992[41]
April 7, 1992[42]
February 9, 1994[43]
January 28, 1995
November 12, 2000[44]
May 20, 2002[45]
February 18, 2008[46]
July 9, 2011[47]
Cook IslandsSeptember 25, 2023[48]
NiueSeptember 25, 2023[49]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: A Guide to the USA' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. July 13, 2020.
  2. Book: Högger, Daniel . The recognition of states : a study on the historical development in doctrine and practice with a special focus on the requirements . 2015 . 978-3-643-80196-8 . Zürich . 918793836.
  3. Web site: U.S. Relations With Morocco . 2022-12-18 . United States Department of State . en.
  4. Roberts . Priscilla H. . Tull . James N. . 1999 . Moroccan Sultan Sidi Muhammad Ibn Abdallah's Diplomatic Initiatives toward the United States, 1777–1786 . Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society . 143 . 2 . 233–265 . 3181936 . 0003-049X.
  5. Web site: Morocco – Countries – Office of the Historian . 2022-12-18 . history.state.gov.
  6. Web site: La France reconnaît l'indépendance des Etats Unis. 1778. 2021-06-03. www.vallee-du-ciron.com.
  7. First Foreign Salute to the American Flag, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1906/02/11/101766312.pdf
  8. 'first salute'. John Adams Institute (Netherlands)
  9. Web site: 2022-01-07 . Sint Eustatius#"First Salute" First Salute ]. 2023-11-15 . CABI Compendium.
  10. https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/en/bilateral-relations/general-countries/united-states-of-america/
  11. https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/en/bilateral-relations/general-countries/united-states-of-america/
  12. Robertson . James A. . 1918 . Spanish Correspondence Concerning the American Revolution . The Hispanic American Historical Review . 1 . 3 . 299–316 . 10.2307/2505671 . 0018-2168.
  13. Web site: Luis de Unzaga y Amézaga Real Academia de la Historia . 2024-05-18 . dbe.rah.es.
  14. Web site: Founders Online: From George Washington to Colonel Joseph Reed, 30 November 1776 . 2024-05-18 . founders.archives.gov . en.
  15. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-39-02-0154
  16. Book: Klerkäng & Haverkamp, Anna & Roy T. Sweden – America's First Friend. 1958. Örebro & Stockholm . 4 & 8.
  17. Book: von Proschwitz, Gunnar T.. Letter to countess de Boufflers 1776-10-18. 1992. 91-7119-079-1 . 149. Wiken .
  18. Muljačić. Žarko. 1956-06-04. Odnosi Dubrovnika i Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. NAŠE MORE: Znanstveni časopis za more i pomorstvo. hr. 3. 1. 65–70. 0469-6255.
  19. Ambrosini. Federica. 1975. Un incontro mancato: Venezia e Stati Uniti d'America (1776–1797). Archivio Veneto. 106. 140. 136–137.
  20. Web site: algeria. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. April 14, 2023.
  21. Web site: Tunisia. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020.
  22. Web site: Russia. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020.
  23. Web site: Hawaii. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 14, 2020. On December 23, 1826, the U.S. signed a treaty with the Kingdom of Hawaii thus indirectly recognizing Hawaiian independence..
  24. Web site: Oman. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 14, 2020. The first formal act of diplomatic engagement and recognition between the United States and the Sultanate of Oman occurred on September 21, 1833, when a bilateral treaty of Amity and Commerce was signed at Muscat by Special Agent Edmund Roberts and His Majesty Seyed Syeed bin Sultan of Muscat..
  25. Web site: Texas. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 14, 2020. The United States recognized Texan independence on March 3, 1837, when U.S. President Andrew Jackson nominated Alcée La Branche as Minister to Texas..
  26. Web site: Italy. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020. The United States officially recognized the Kingdom of Italy when it accepted the credentials of Chevalier Joseph Bertinatti as Minister Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Italy on April 11, 1861..
  27. Web site: Orange Free State. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 20, 2020. The first known act of recognition between the United States and the Republic of the Orange Free State occurred in 1871 when plenipotentiaries for the two states signed a Convention of Friendship and Commerce and Extradition on December 22, 1871..
  28. Web site: Kingdom of Serbia/Yugoslavia. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020. The United States recognized the Kingdom of Serbia as a sovereign nation on October 14, 1881, with the signing of consular and commercial agreements between the two nations..
  29. Web site: Korea. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020. The United States and the Kingdom of Choson (Korea) engaged in their first official diplomatic interaction on May 22, 1882, when representatives of the two states signed a treaty of amity and commerce at Chemulpo, Korea. The treaty had been negotiated with the assistance of Chinese officials, since China had for many years had influence in Korea's foreign affairs due to a historical tributary relationship between the two countries. In fact, Korea was an independent state and this fact was acknowledged in the treaty..
  30. Web site: History of the U.S. and Ethiopia. 2020-12-11. U.S. Embassy in Ethiopia. en-US.
  31. Web site: Montenegro. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020.
  32. Web site: Kingdom of Serbia/Yugoslavia*. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020. On February 7, 1919, the United States recognized the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes through a statement released to the press by the U.S. Acting Secretary of State Frank Polk. The United States considered this new state as the successor state to the Kingdom of Serbia..
  33. Web site: Afghanistan. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020. The United States recognized Afghanistan on July 26, 1921, when President Warren G. Harding received a mission of the Afghan Government at the White House..
  34. Web site: Canada. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 14, 2020. The United States recognized Canada as an independent state with autonomous control over its foreign relations on February 18, 1927, when Vincent Massey presented his credentials in Washington as Canadian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary..
  35. Web site: South Africa. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020. The United States recognized the Union of South Africa on November 5, 1929, when President Herbert Hoover accepted the credentials of Eric Hendrik Louw as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Union of South Africa..
  36. Web site: Iraq. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 20, 2020. The United States recognized Iraq on January 9, 1930, when Charles G. Dawes, U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, signed the Anglo-American-Iraqi Convention in London..
  37. Web site: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics*. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020. Normal diplomatic relations between the United States and Russia were interrupted in 1917 and were resumed on November 16, 1933, when President Franklin Roosevelt informed Soviet Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov that the United States recognized the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and wished to establish normal diplomatic relations..
  38. Web site: North America. South Korea. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. https://web.archive.org/web/20150722064227/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/northamerica/countries/20070803/1_24558.jsp?menu=m_30_20. July 22, 2015. 2015-07-22. January 1, 1949: U.S. Official Recognition of the Republic of Korea .
  39. Web site: China. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 20, 2020.
  40. Web site: Vietnam. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 14, 2020.
  41. Web site: Bosnia and Herzegovina. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 20, 2020. The United States recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent state on April 7, 1992, when the George H.W. Bush Administration announced the decision in a White House statement..
  42. Web site: Slovenia. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020. The United States recognized Slovenia as an independent state on April 7, 1992, when the George H.W. Bush Administration announced the decision in a White House statement..
  43. Web site: North Macedonia. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020.
  44. Web site: Serbia. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020.
  45. Web site: Timor-Leste. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 14, 2020.
  46. Web site: Kosovo. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 13, 2020. The United States recognized Kosovo's independence and agreed to establish diplomatic relations on February 18, 2008, when Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice released a press statement announcing President George W. Bush's decisions..
  47. Web site: South Sudan. A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. United States Department of State. July 14, 2020.
  48. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/09/25/statement-by-president-biden-on-the-recognition-of-the-cook-islands-and-the-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/
  49. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/09/25/statement-by-president-biden-on-the-recognition-of-niue-and-the-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/

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