List of consulates-general in Jerusalem explained

Currently, eight countries maintain consulates-general in Jerusalem: Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. The Consulate General of the United States in Jerusalem was merged into the Embassy of the United States in 2018. To this list, one usually includes the Vatican (Holy See), which maintains an "Apostolic Delegation to Jerusalem and Palestine" in Jerusalem.[1]

Some consulates-general in Jerusalem have jurisdiction over the Palestinian territories (the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip), and their heads act as representatives to Palestine.[2]

These consulates are not diplomatic missions to Israel: the countries possessing consulates-general in Jerusalem maintain their embassies to Israel in Tel Aviv, and it is their ambassador in Tel Aviv that presents letters of credence to the president of Israel.

History

Having consulates-general in Jerusalem not accredited to any foreign government is a result of the unresolved issue of the status of Jerusalem. Under the United Nations Partition Plan of 1947, Jerusalem was to become a corpus separatum under international control, separate from both the Jewish state and the Arab one whose creation the partition plan envisaged; that would have logically entailed various countries having a separate diplomatic representation in Jerusalem. While the corpus separatum idea was never implemented, the status of Jerusalem remains disputed and unresolved. The international community never recognized the declaration of Jerusalem as Israel's capital in 1949 or the annexation of East Jerusalem to Israel in 1967. Thus, the anomalous Jerusalem consulates serve as a convenient way for various countries to have a diplomatic presence in the city without recognizing such Israeli "accomplished facts".

The United States maintained a consulate general in Jerusalem between 1844 and 2019, which was also responsible for conducting relations with Palestinians. After the United States relocated its Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem in 2018, the Consulate General was formally merged into the US Embassy in early 2019, ending the US practice of accrediting separate missions to the Israelis and Palestinians. Most of its former responsibilities were assumed by a new Palestinian Affairs Unit which now works inside the Embassy in Jerusalem.[3] [4]

List of missions

All countries with consulates-general in Jerusalem include the contacts with the Palestinian National Authority in the consulate-general's responsibilities. All countries with consulates-general in Jerusalem have separate embassies in Tel Aviv that are accredited to Israel.

Several more countries are represented by Jerusalem-based honorary consuls.[30]

Former missions

See also

Notes and References

  1. Mochon . Jean-Philippe . 1996 . Le Consul Général de France à Jérusalem ; aspects historiques, juridiques et politiques de ses fonctions . Annuaire Français de Droit International . fr . 42 . 1 . 937, note 10 . 10.3406/afdi.1996.3421 .
  2. Web site: The Consul General of Sweden in Jerusalem, Ms Jessica Olausson, presents her letter of introduction to the President of the State of Palestine, H.E. Dr.... By Consulate General of Sweden in Jerusalem Facebook . 2023-09-16 . www.facebook.com . en.
  3. Web site: Palladino . Robert . Merger of U.S. Embassy Jerusalem and U.S. Consulate General Jerusalem . 4 March 2019 . U.S. Embassy in Israel . 4 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042833/https://il.usembassy.gov/merger-of-u-s-embassy-jerusalem-and-u-s-consulate-general-jerusalem/. 6 March 2019.
  4. News: Estrin . Daniel . As U.S. Jerusalem Consulate Shuts, Pro-Israel Envoy Takes On Palestinian Relations . 4 March 2019 . . 1 March 2019.
  5. Web site: Consulate General of Belgium in Jerusalem . 23 March 2016. 2017-12-07.
  6. Web site: Palestinian territories . 2011-01-29 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101226235942/http://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/policy/development_cooperation/countries/partner_countries/palestinian_territories/ . 2010-12-26 .

    "Belgian representation, ..., Location of the attaché: Jerusalem"

  7. Web site: Belgian consulate jerusalem - Google Search.
  8. Web site: Republique Francaise. Consulat Général de France à Jérusalem, Histoire. 2011-01-29. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110725194952/http://www.consulfrance-jerusalem.org/spip.php?article257. 2011-07-25.

    "L’autonomie du Consulat général a également pour conséquence de luidonner un rôle inhabituel de représentation politique auprès des autorités palestiniennes. Avant même l’établissement de l’Autorité Palestinienne en 1994, le Consulat général menait, dans les Territoires occupés, une politique de coopération ..."

  9. Web site: Home . jerusalem.consulfrance.org.
  10. Web site: Consulate General of Greece in Jerusalem. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2017-12-07.

    "Consulate General in Jerusalem"

  11. Web site: Israel - Contact details for Greek Missions. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2017-12-07.
  12. Web site: Contact - About Us . 2022-12-06 . www.mfa.gr.
  13. http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/nunciature/nunc059.htm 1948: Established as Apostolic Delegation of Jerusalem and Palestine
  14. http://catholicchurch-holyland.com/?p=3203
  15. Web site: Consulate General of Italy in Jerusalem. esteri.it. 2011-01-29.

    "Consulate General of Italy (West Jerusalem) ... Consulate General of Italy (East Jerusalem)"

  16. Web site: Bilateral relations with the Countries of the Near East: Palestinian National Authority. esteri.it. 2011-01-29.
  17. Web site: Consolato Generale - Gerusalemme.
  18. Web site: Recomendaciones de viaje - TERRITORIOS PALESTINOS . maec.es . 2011-01-29 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101104103842/http://www.maec.es/es/MenuPpal/Paises/ArbolPaises/TerritoriosPalestinos/Recomendacionesdeviaje/Paginas/recoJerusalen.aspx . 2010-11-04 .

    "Representación de España - CONSULADO GENERAL EN JERUSALÉN"

  19. Web site: Localización y contacto.
  20. Web site: About the Consulate General. swedenabroad.com. 2011-01-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20101231113445/http://swedenabroad.com/Page____6397.aspx. 2010-12-31. dead.

    "The Consulate General also follows and reports about the Israeli-Palestinian peace process through contacts with the Palestinian Authority."

  21. Web site: Consulate General of Sweden SwedenAbroad . www.swedenabroad.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120511014048/http://www.swedenabroad.com/en-GB/Embassies/Jerusalem/Contact/The-Consulate-General/ . 2012-05-11.
  22. Web site: The Consul General of Sweden in Jerusalem, Ms Jessica Olausson, presents her letter of introduction to the President of the State of Palestine, H.E. Dr.... By Consulate General of Sweden in Jerusalem Facebook . 2023-09-16 . www.facebook.com . en.
  23. Web site: Consulate General of Turkey, Jerusalem, Palestine. mfa.gov.tr. 2011-01-29.

    "Today, the jurisdiction of the Consulate General covers West Bank and Gaza Strip governed by the Palestinian National Authority. The city of Jerusalem with its surrounding areas as defined by the special status (corpus separatum) in the United Nations General Assembly Resolution No.181 in 1947, is also covered by the Consulate General."

  24. Web site: staff . T. O. I. . Turkey appoints ambassador to ‘Palestine’ . 2022-12-06 . www.timesofisrael.com . en-US.
  25. Web site: UK Foreign & Commonwealth office. Jerusalem, British Consulate-General. fco.gov.uk. 2011-01-29.
  26. Web site: British Consulate-General Jerusalem. UK in Jerusalem, About us. fco.gov.uk. 2011-01-29.

    "Other locations - Find more information about other offices for the British Consulate in Palestinian Territories - Gaza"

  27. Web site: British Consulate-General Jerusalem. UK in Jerusalem, Other locations. fco.gov.uk. 2011-01-29.

    "The British Information & Services Office (BISO) in Gaza, is affiliated with the British Consulate General in Jerusalem."

  28. Web site: UK Foreign & Commonwealth office. Occupied Palestine Territories, Gaza, British Information and Services Office. fco.gov.uk. 2011-01-29.
  29. https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-consulate-general-jerusalem British Consulate-General Jerusalem
  30. https://www.embassypages.com/city/jerusalem EmbassyPages.com: Embassies & Consulates in Jerusalem

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