Colonial buildings in Bandung include those that were constructed during the Dutch colonial period of Indonesia. The period started with the founding of Bandung in the beginning of the 20th century, which is relatively young compared to other Indonesian cities. The list is divided into the colonial architectural styles: Traditionalism (before 20th century), Dutch Rationalism (1900s-1920s), and Modernism (1920s-1930s).
Colonial architecture in Bandung is dominated with Modernist architecture, apparent in buildings such as civic buildings and offices. Bandung contains one of the largest remaining collections of Modernist building (Dutch Nieuwe Bouwen) in the world. European city planning based on garden city concept were implemented in the north part of Bandung, which is still apparent today in the architecture of the residences and villas. Most buildings in Bandung are designed by architects who lived and worked in Bandung, many of them were educated in The Netherlands. Some of the architecture were influenced with Indonesian architecture, and also North-American and British-Indies influences in the Modern architecture of pre-independent Indonesia.
Below is a list of colonial buildings found in Bandung. The list is sorted alphabetically according to its official (often, local) name. The list can also be sorted to each category.
Buildings which undertook complete renovation which resulted in different form are listed separately to distinguish the different architectural form.
A small number of colonial buildings, mostly an original governmental function, were built in the 19th century in Neoclassical Indies Empire style (collectively known as Traditionalist movement) around the founding time of Bandung.[1] Few early 19th-century buildings in the most developed tropical style of Indische stijl existed in Bandung, one of them is the residence of the assistant-residence, which was unfortunately demolished in 1926 for a new municipal office.[2]
Indische Empire style continued to the early 20th century.[1] Architect consultant 'Hulswit-Fermont, Batavia and Ed.Cuypers, Amsterdam' (Eduard Cuypers) introduced neoclassical language in the architecture of private banks. Characteristic for the architectural conception of this bank building is entrance portico with double columns crowned by composition capitals, a cornice and tympanum; the order of the facade-windows combined with columns and composition capitals.[1]
| Last official name | Former names | Year | Architect | Location | Latest image | Oldest image | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bank Mandiri - Bandung Asia Afrika (1998)[3] | Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij te Bandoeng (original) / Bank Ekspor Impor (1960) | 1912 | Ed. Cuypers & Hulswit te Weltevreden | -6.921°N 107.6078°W | |||
| Bank Negara Indonesia | Javasche Bank | 1915 | Hulswit-Fermont, Batavia and Ed. Cuypers, Amsterdam | -6.9145°N 107.6093°W | |||
| Gedung Pakuan | Residentswoning | 1860, 1941 restored | Gmelig Meijling (1941 restoration) | -6.9118°N 107.6048°W | |||
| Gemeentehuis (demolished in 1926, on its site is Balai Kota Bandung) | Huis van de assistent-resident, Assistent der Koffijkultuur | 1819 | for Andries de Wilde | -6.9108°N 107.6098°W | |||
| Grand Hotel Preanger (1920) | Inn (original); Hotel en Toko Thiem (1825); Hotel Preanger (1897) | 1825[4] | anonymous | -6.9207°N 107.6116°W | |||
| Hubdam III/Siliwangi | Middelbare Opleidingsschool voor Inlandsche Ambtenaren; Hogere Kweekschool (HKS); Hoofdenschool Bandoeng (1878); Sakola Menak | 29 December 1878[5] | -6.9346°N 107.6075°W | ||||
| Kantoor van J.R. de Vries en Co. (demolished, now Toko de Vries) | Kantoor van J.R. de Vries en Co. | 19th-century | -6.9217°N 107.6098°W | ||||
| Kantoor van De Vries en Fabricius (demolished, now Toko de Vries) | Kantoor van De Vries en Fabricius | 19th-century | -6.9216°N 107.6096°W | ||||
| Mako II Kodam III Siliwangi, Gedung Sabahu | Departement van Oorlog | 1910-1915 | -6.9111°N 107.6145°W | ||||
| Polwiltabes | Hollandsch Inlandsche Kweekschool | 1866 (opened) | anonymous | -6.914°N 107.6108°W | |||
| Residentiekantoor (demolished, now Gedung Keuangan Negara Bandung) | Residentiekantoor | 1867[6] | anonymous | -6.922°N 107.6111°W | |||
| Rumah Sakit Immanuel | Zendinghospitaal Immanuel | -6.9359°N 107.5962°W | |||||
| Sociëteit Concordia (demolished, now the Museum Konperensi Asia Afrika) | Sociëteit Concordia | 1895 | -6.9212°N 107.6096°W |
See also: New Indies Style. The early 20th century was characterized by the introduction of new technological method of construction. The period saw the effect of a new beginning when the colony is exposed to private initiatives and enormous population growth. Many new private houses were built during this time all over Indonesia. The preferable architecture style were eclectic, sometimes Romantic, combination of Dutch and Javanese style.
A new style, known as Dutch Rationalism, flourished in the Netherlands as well as in the Indies; the subsequent style in the tropical climate of Indonesia is known as New Indies Style.[7] It is largely introduced by Moojen from Batavia, who was largely influenced by the works of Berlage.[8] The style is the result of the attempt to develop new solutions to integrate traditional precedents (classicism) with new technological possibilities. It can be described as a transitional style between Traditionalists and the Modernists.
| Last official name | Former names | Year | Architect | Location | Latest image | Oldest image | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank (demolished, now Mandiri no. 92) | Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank | 1911 | de Bouwploeg | -6.9216°N 107.6089°W | |||
| Telefoonkantoor (demolished, now Plasa Telkom Lembong) | Telefoonkantoor | -6.9165°N 107.6109°W | |||||
| Toko De Vries | Warenhuis De Vries | 1909 | Hulswit-Fermont, Batavia and Ed.Cuypers, Amsterdam | -6.9217°N 107.6097°W |
The period saw the emergence of Modernism and its varieties, namely Art Deco, Nieuwe Bouwen, Amsterdam School and other variations. The same period, in 1929, Bandung approved the 'Framework plan' city planning, which covered an area of 12,758 ha, divided in plans for mainly the Northern- and partly the Southern areas of the town.[1] This fosters the development of early 20th-century modern architecture in Bandung.
Art Deco evolved from earlier Dutch Rationalism. The form is symmetrical and exudes technological progress and glamour, with rich color and bold geometric shapes. In Bandung, Art Deco often manifested in the decorative element in the street facades, often hiding an ordinary building with a helm roof and covered with tiles; these architecture is mostly the product of rebuilding and upgrading of commercial buildings in the 1920s and 1930s.[1]
In the following period between late 1930s and 1940s, Art Deco evolved into a new style known as Nieuwe Bouwen (Dutch term for Modernism) or Functionalism. Instead of creating decorative style on the facade, the architect creates style in the clear arrangement of space. The preference is to use universal form such as cylinder or curving horizontal lines. No Where else in Indonesia are the influences of the 'Modern movement' in architecture observable as in the City of Bandung.[1] Albert Aalbers is the most representative expression of Nieuwe Bouwen in Indonesia, and many of his masterpieces - such as Savoy Homann Hotel (1939), Denis Bank (1936), and the "Driekleur" (1937) - were located in Bandung. The style is characterized by its openness, its sleek facade lines, and strong spatial effect on the exterior. Bandung contains one of the largest remaining collections of Art Deco-Nieuwe Bouwen buildings in the world.[9] [10]
Also included in this period are those architects who implemented the principles of native art of building in Indonesia, such as those designed by Henri Maclaine Pont.
| Last official name | Former names | Year | Architect | Location | Latest image | Oldest image | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nederlands-Indische Metaalwaren Emballage Fabrieken | |||||||
| Keramisch Laboratorium Afdeling Nijverheid | |||||||
| De Indische Centrale Aanschaffingsdienst | |||||||
| IJkwezen Bandoeng | |||||||
| Jubileum Park | |||||||
| Molukken Park | |||||||
| Zweminrichting 'het Centrum' | 1927 | C.P. Wolff Schoemaker | |||||
| 3 Villas in Jalan Dago (Ir. H. Juanda) | Drie Locomotives | 1936 | Albert Aalbers | ||||
| Asuransi Jiwasraya | Nillmij | Snuyf en Wiemans | -6.921°N 107.6068°W | ||||
| Bala Keselamatan | Het Leger des Heils | 1920 | Brinkman en Voorhave[11] | -6.9152°N 107.6136°W | |||
| Balai Kota Bandung | Raadhuis Gem. Secretarie en Technische Diensten[12] | 1927, 1935 (expanded) | E.H. de Roo | -6.9108°N 107.6098°W | |||
| Bandung Promotion Center | De Zon | 1925 | anonymous | -6.9207°N 107.6055°W | |||
| Bandung railway station (2nd building) | Station Bandoeng | 1928[13] | F. Cousin (Bouwkundig Bureau van de Staatsspoorwegen) | -6.9147°N 107.6024°W | |||
| Bank BJB | DENIS De Eerste Nederlandsch – Indische Spaarkas, Bank Karya Pembangunan | 1935-1936 | Albert Aalbers | -6.9199°N 107.6103°W | |||
| Bank BJB Syariah | Residentiekantoor Afd. Priangan, 's Landskas, Algemeen Ontvanger en Landsvendukantoor Bandoeng; N.V. Oliefabrieken Insulinde (original) | 1918-1921 | Richard Leonard Arnold Schoemaker | -6.9146°N 107.6086°W | |||
| Bank Mandiri (1998) | Nederlandsch Indische Escompto Maatschappij / Bank Dagang Negara (1960) | -6.9208°N 107.6066°W | |||||
| Bank Pacific (abandoned) | Internationale Crediet- en Handelsverg. Rotterdam.; Bank Pacific | 1925 | -6.9211°N 107.6122°W | ||||
| Bio Farma | Instituut Pasteur | 1926 | n.b. | -6.8995°N 107.6004°W | |||
| Bioscoop Dian (abandoned) | Radio City | 1925 | -6.9229°N 107.6075°W | ||||
| Bioscoop Elita | Bioscoop Elita | ||||||
| Bioscoop Oriental | Bioscoop Oriëntal | ||||||
| Bioscoop Orion | Bioscoop Orion | ||||||
| Direktorat Keuangan Angkatan Darat | Militaire Sociëteit | -6.912°N 107.6204°W | |||||
| Gedung Kologdam | Bandung Jaarbeurs | 1919 | C.P. Wolff Schoemaker | -6.9097°N 107.6169°W | |||
| Gedung Landmark Braga | Boekhandel en Drukkerij G.C.T. van Dorp & Co | 1921[14] | C.P. Wolff Schoemaker | -6.9156°N 107.6087°W | |||
| Gedung Merdeka | Club Concordia | 1921 | C.P. Wolff Schoemaker | -6.9211°N 107.6092°W | |||
| Gedung Moh. Toha | Machinehal, Jaarbeurs | 1919 | C.P. Wolff Schoemaker | -6.9103°N 107.6171°W | |||
| Gedung Sate | Department van Gouvernementsbedrijven te Bandung | 1920 | J. Gerber (Landsgebouwendienst) | -6.9025°N 107.6188°W | |||
| Gereja Injili Indonesia Hok Im Tong, "Indonesian Evangelical Church" | Kerk van de Christian Science Society | -6.8985°N 107.6117°W | |||||
| Gereja Katedral Santo Petrus | Katholieke kerk Bandoeng | 1922 | C.P. Wolff Schoemaker | -6.9148°N 107.6106°W | |||
| Gereja Kristen Indonesia Taman Cibunut | Gereformeerde Kerk | 23 December 1920 (opened) | -6.917°N 107.6154°W | ||||
| GPIB Bethel, Bethel Protestant Church | Protestantsche Kerk (Pieterskerk), Bethelkerk, de Nieuwe Kerk | 1924-1925 | C.P. Wolff Schoemaker | -6.9136°N 107.6085°W | |||
| GPIB Maranatha, Maranatha Protestant Church | Oosterkerk | 1926 | F. W. Brinkman[15] | -6.9071°N 107.6264°W | |||
| Grand Hotel Preanger | 1925 | C.P. Wolff Schoemaker | -6.9207°N 107.6116°W | ||||
| Institut Teknologi Bandung | Technische Hogeschool te Bandoeng | 1920 | Henri Maclaine Pont | -6.8924°N 107.6104°W | |||
| Kantor Pos Besar Bandung | Post- en Telegraafkantoor | 1928-1931[16] | J. van Gendt (Landsgebouwendienst) | -6.9206°N 107.6061°W | |||
| Kantor Pusat Pos Indonesia & Museum Pos Indonesia, Headquarter of Pos Indonesia and museum. | Post-, Telegraaf- en Telefoondienst | 27 Juli 1920-1931[17] | J. Berger (Landsgebouwendienst) | -6.9021°N 107.6197°W | |||
| Kodam III Siliwangi | Het Paleis van de Legercommandant | 1918[18] | Richard Leonard Arnold Schoemaker | -6.9099°N 107.6136°W | |||
| Lapas Sukamiskin | -6.9061°N 107.6754°W | ||||||
| Museum Geologi | Geologisch Laboratorium | 1928 | H. Menalda van Schouwenburg | -6.9007°N 107.6215°W | |||
| Museum Konperensi Asia Afrika | 1926 | Van Galen, C.P. Wolff Schoemaker | -6.9212°N 107.6096°W | ||||
| Museum Mandala Wangsit Siliwangi | House of H. ter Poorten (Major General, Inspector of Artillery) | around 1910 | -6.9177°N 107.6113°W | ||||
| New Majestic | Bioscoop Concordia (1924); Majestic Theatre (1973); Bioskop Dewi (1960) | 1924[19] | C.P. Wolff Schoemaker | -6.9208°N 107.6097°W | |||
| Pasar Baroe (demolished, on its site stands Pasar Baru Trade Center) | Pasar Baroe | -6.9175°N 107.6038°W | |||||
| PD Bandung Baru | Wijs vendukantoor[20] | 1910-1920[21] | anonymous | -6.9192°N 107.6065°W | |||
| Perkebunan XII | Preanger Administratie Incasso Kantoor (PAIK) | 1937 | |||||
| Perum Listrik Negara - Distribusi Jawa Barat dan Banten | Gemeenschappelijk Electriciteitsbedrijf Bandoeng en Omstreken (GEBEO) | 1922 | Richard Leonard Arnold Schoemaker | -6.9211°N 107.6084°W | |||
| PN Gas | Ned.- Ind. Gas. Mij., Showroom en kantoor; Becker en Co (original) | 1919 | C.P. Schoemaker & Associatie | -6.9182°N 107.6097°W | |||
| Rumah Potong Hewan (slaughterhouse) | Gemeentelijk Slachthuis te Bandoeng | 1935[22] | G. Hendriks, E.H. de Roo | -6.9122°N 107.5888°W | |||
| Santa Angela school | Hogereburgerschool der Zusters Ursulinen | 1921 | Eduard Cuypers Hulswit-Fermont | -6.9127°N 107.6108°W | |||
| Savoy Homann Bidakara Hotel | Savoy Homann Hotel | 1939 | Albert Aalbers | -6.9222°N 107.6103°W | |||
| SMK Negeri 15 Bandung (1997-now) | I.E.V. Kweekschool; Gabungan Indo Unit Kesatuan Indonesia (1952); SGA Negeri II Bandung (1953); SGA Negeri I Bandung (1978); SGO Negeri Bandung (1983); SMPS Negeri Bandung (1989)[23] | 1919 | -6.923°N 107.6187°W | ||||
| SMA, SMP Santo Aloysius | R.K. Muloschool; Japanese-run internment camp | -6.905°N 107.6121°W | |||||
| SMA Negeri 3 & 5 Bandung | Hogereburgerschool Bandoeng; Kompetai | -6.9123°N 107.6152°W | |||||
| SMAK Dago, "Dago Christian High School" (now demolished in 2012) | SMAK Dago and SMA1 State High School (1945); Christelijk Lyceum Dago (1927); Residence of Tan (original) | 1910[24] | J.S. Duyvis (1939 renovation), A.W. Gmelig Meijling (1941 renovation) | -6.896°N 107.6125°W | |||
| SMP Negeri 2 Bandung | Europese Lagere School | 1913 | -6.914°N 107.6141°W | ||||
| SMP Negeri 5 Bandung | MULO Bandoeng[25] | 1920 | -6.9145°N 107.6144°W | ||||
| Villa Isola | Villa Isola | 1933 | C.P. Wolff Schoemaker | -6.861°N 107.594°W | |||
| Villa Tiga Warna | Driekleur | 1937 | Albert Aalbers | -6.9053°N 107.6109°W | |||
| Waskita Karya | Aannemings Volker Maatschappij NV | -6.9209°N 107.6071°W | |||||
| Wisma van Deventer (SMK BPP) | Van Deventerschool (1919); Normaalschool voor meisjes (1921) | 1919 | -6.9177°N 107.6164°W |