List of municipalities in Washington explained

Washington is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, it is the 13th-most populous state, with inhabitants, and ranked 18th by land area, spanning 66456sqmi of land.[1] [2] Washington is divided into 39 counties and contains 281 municipalities that are classified into cities and towns.[3] [4] Approximately of the state's population lives in incorporated municipalities.[5]

The largest municipality by population in Washington is Seattle with 737,015 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Krupp with 49 residents.[1] [6] The state has ten cities with populations greater than 100,000 residents and sixteen with populations between 50,000 and 100,000 residents; the majority of cities have fewer than 5,000 residents.[7] Seattle is also the largest municipality by land area, at 83.83mi2, while Beaux Arts Village is the smallest at 0.08mi2; both are located in King County.[8] The oldest municipality is Steilacoom, which was incorporated in 1854;[9] the most recent municipality to incorporate was Spokane Valley in 2003.[10] Five municipalities have also been disincorporated with their governments dissolved; the most recent was Westlake in 1966.[11]

The state has five categories for its 281 municipalities that vary based on population at the time of incorporation or reorganization., 197 are code cities, 10 are first-class cities, 5 are second-class cities, and 69 are towns; one city remains unclassified.[3] All municipalities have an elected city or town council and an executive—either a mayor or manager—to oversee administration of the government. The municipal government generally provides policing, fire protection, emergency services, a court system, road maintenance, planning and permitting, parks and recreation, and some utilities.[7]

Classification of municipalities

See main article: City government in Washington (state).

There are four classifications for municipalities in the state of Washington: code city, first-class city, second-class city, and town. Municipalities can also be unclassified if they did not organize under these classifications. Each has their own powers and limitations that vary and are defined by state laws in Titles 35 and 35A of the Revised Code of Washington.[12] These powers include the ability to collect general taxes to fund municipal services and specialized taxes for specific uses; providing emergency services, urban planning, and water treatment among other services; and enforce laws passed by the city council.[7] [13] After Washington was admitted as a U.S. state in 1889, the state legislature created classifications for local municipalities, each with a population threshold.[14] First-class and code cities with populations greater than 10,000 are authorized under the state constitution to adopt a charter that grants home rule powers at the local level.[15]

, Washington has ten first-class cities that are permitted to adopt and operate under a home rule charter; they are required to have a population of at least 10,000 residents at the time of their incorporation or reorganization. The state has five second-class cities that have limited authority and can only use powers granted by the state legislature; they are required to have at least 1,500 residents at the time of their incorporation or reorganization.[12] There are 68 towns that also have a limited authority and had fewer than 1,500 residents at the time of their incorporation or reorganization. In 1994, the minimum population to incorporate a municipality was raised to 1,500 by the state legislature, which has prevented the creation of new towns.[12] [16]

The state legislature created another classification—the code city—in 1967 to grant greater control to cities, who sought expanded home rule authority to address complex issues as they urbanized., the state has 197 municipalities that are code cities—the most of any classification.[3] They are authorized to perform any function not specifically restricted in the state constitution or by state law. Any area with 1,500 residents is allowed to incorporate as a code city, and any code city with at least 10,000 residents are allowed to adopt a charter.[12] [16] Existing cities and towns are allowed to reorganize as a code city if they meet the population threshold and the change is approved by voters.[12] [17], one city remains unclassified—Waitsburg, in Walla Walla County—and continues to use the 1881 territorial charter under which it was organized.[12] It is allowed to exercise the powers of a code city under a 2003 law passed by the state legislature.[16]

Non-charter cities and towns are authorized to adopt one of three forms of government for day-to-day municipal operations: commission, mayor–council, council–manager.[10] The most common form is mayor–council, which has an elected mayor who takes office separately from the elected city council. The council–manager form is used by some municipalities and has a hired city manager as the chief executive of the government, while the mayor holds a ceremonial role and presides over city council meetings.[10], a total of the 227 municipalities that use a mayor–council system comprise 58percent of Washington residents in incorporated areas; the 54 municipalities that use a council–manager system, which are all code and first-class cities, comprise 42percent of residents in incorporated areas.[10] The city commission system—which assigns its three elected commissioners as the heads of municipal departments—was last used by Shelton in 2017 and not adopted by another municipality.[10] [18]

List of municipalities

County seat[19] [20]
State capital and county seat
NameType[21] County[22] Population[23] Change,
2010–2020
Land area[24] Population densityIncorporated
2020 census2010 censussq mikm2
AberdeenGrays Harbor10.87disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
Airway HeightsSpokane6.01disp=tableNaNdisp=table1955
AlbionTownWhitman0.39disp=tableNaNdisp=table1910
AlgonaKing1.29disp=tableNaNdisp=table1955
AlmiraTownLincoln0.51disp=tableNaNdisp=table1904
AnacortesSkagit11.7disp=tableNaNdisp=table1891
ArlingtonSnohomish9.81disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
Asotin1.14disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
AuburnKing,
Pierce
29.58disp=tableNaNdisp=table1891
Bainbridge IslandKitsap27.61disp=tableNaNdisp=table1947
Battle GroundClark8.54disp=tableNaNdisp=table1951
Beaux Arts VillageTownKing0.08disp=tableNaNdisp=table1954
BellevueKing33.46disp=tableNaNdisp=table1953
Whatcom28.14disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
Benton CityBenton2.47disp=tableNaNdisp=table1945
BingenKlickitat0.62disp=tableNaNdisp=table1924
Black DiamondKing6.55disp=tableNaNdisp=table1959
BlaineWhatcom5.58disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
Bonney LakePierce8.22disp=tableNaNdisp=table1949
BothellKing,
Snohomish
13.64disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
BremertonKitsap28.43disp=tableNaNdisp=table1901
BrewsterOkanogan1.15disp=tableNaNdisp=table1910
BridgeportDouglas1.07disp=tableNaNdisp=table1910
BrierSnohomish2.2disp=tableNaNdisp=table1965
BuckleyPierce3.86disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
BucodaTownThurston0.58disp=tableNaNdisp=table1910
BurienKing10.04disp=tableNaNdisp=table1993
BurlingtonSkagit4.28disp=tableNaNdisp=table1902
CamasClark14.08disp=tableNaNdisp=table1906
CarbonadoTownPierce0.42disp=tableNaNdisp=table1948
CarnationKing1.16disp=tableNaNdisp=table1912
CashmereChelan1.16disp=tableNaNdisp=table1904
Castle RockCowlitz2.1disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
TownWahkiakum0.51disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
CentraliaLewis7.62disp=tableNaNdisp=table1886
Lewis5.81disp=tableNaNdisp=table1883
ChelanChelan6.69disp=tableNaNdisp=table1902
CheneySpokane4.34disp=tableNaNdisp=table1883
ChewelahStevens2.95disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
ClarkstonAsotin2.06disp=tableNaNdisp=table1902
Cle ElumKittitas4.49disp=tableNaNdisp=table1902
Clyde HillKing1.06disp=tableNaNdisp=table1953
Whitman3.78disp=tableNaNdisp=table1873
College PlaceWalla Walla3disp=tableNaNdisp=table1946
ColtonTownWhitman0.62disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
Stevens3.08disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
ConconullyTownOkanogan0.21disp=tableNaNdisp=table1908
ConcreteTownSkagit1.17disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
ConnellFranklin7.69disp=tableNaNdisp=table1910
CosmopolisGrays Harbor1.39disp=tableNaNdisp=table1891
Coulee CityTownGrant0.92disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
Coulee DamOkanogan,
Douglas,
Grant
0.72disp=tableNaNdisp=table1959
TownIsland1.27disp=tableNaNdisp=table1910
CovingtonKing5.93disp=tableNaNdisp=table1997
CrestonTownLincoln0.41disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
CusickTownPend Oreille0.51disp=tableNaNdisp=table1927
DarringtonTownSnohomish1.73disp=tableNaNdisp=table1945
Lincoln1.67disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
Columbia1.44disp=tableNaNdisp=table1881
Deer ParkSpokane6.89disp=tableNaNdisp=table1908
Des MoinesKing6.41disp=tableNaNdisp=table1959
DuPontPierce5.82disp=tableNaNdisp=table1912
DuvallKing2.45disp=tableNaNdisp=table1913
East WenatcheeDouglas3.79disp=tableNaNdisp=table1935
EatonvilleTownPierce1.83disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
EdgewoodPierce8.39disp=tableNaNdisp=table1996
EdmondsSnohomish8.92disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
Electric CityGrant1.99disp=tableNaNdisp=table1950
Kittitas1.99disp=tableNaNdisp=table1883
ElmaGrays Harbor2.55disp=tableNaNdisp=table1888
Elmer CityTownOkanogan0.24disp=tableNaNdisp=table1947
EndicottTownWhitman0.3disp=tableNaNdisp=table1905
EntiatChelan2.18disp=tableNaNdisp=table1944
EnumclawKing,
Pierce
5.17disp=tableNaNdisp=table1913
Grant10.44disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
Snohomish33.19disp=tableNaNdisp=table1893
EversonWhatcom1.35disp=tableNaNdisp=table1929
FairfieldTownSpokane0.62disp=tableNaNdisp=table1905
FarmingtonTownWhitman0.36disp=tableNaNdisp=table1888
Federal WayKing22.3disp=tableNaNdisp=table1990
FerndaleWhatcom7.03disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
FifePierce5.76disp=tableNaNdisp=table1957
FircrestPierce1.58disp=tableNaNdisp=table1925
ForksClallam4.12disp=tableNaNdisp=table1945
TownSan Juan2.18disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
GarfieldTownWhitman0.94disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
GeorgeGrant1.38disp=tableNaNdisp=table1961
Gig HarborPierce5.9disp=tableNaNdisp=table1946
Gold BarSnohomish1.06disp=tableNaNdisp=table1910
Klickitat2.96disp=tableNaNdisp=table1879
Grand CouleeGrant1.26disp=tableNaNdisp=table1935
GrandviewYakima6.44disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
GrangerYakima1.73disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
Granite FallsSnohomish2.19disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
HamiltonTownSkagit1.2disp=tableNaNdisp=table1891
HarrahTownYakima0.27disp=tableNaNdisp=table1946
HarringtonLincoln0.39disp=tableNaNdisp=table1902
HartlineTownGrant0.33disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
HattonTownAdams0.37disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
HoquiamGrays Harbor9.54disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
Hunts PointTownKing0.31disp=tableNaNdisp=table1955
IlwacoPacific2.07disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
IndexTownSnohomish0.23disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
IoneTownPend Oreille0.53disp=tableNaNdisp=table1910
IssaquahKing12.13disp=tableNaNdisp=table1892
KahlotusFranklin0.38disp=tableNaNdisp=table1906
KalamaCowlitz3.57disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
Cowlitz8.14disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
KenmoreKing6.15disp=tableNaNdisp=table1998
KennewickBenton27.45disp=tableNaNdisp=table1904
KentKing33.75disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
Kettle FallsStevens1.08disp=tableNaNdisp=table1892
KirklandKing17.81disp=tableNaNdisp=table1905
KittitasKittitas0.78disp=tableNaNdisp=table1931
KruppTownGrant0.58disp=tableNaNdisp=table1911
La CenterClark2.59disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
La ConnerTownSkagit0.4disp=tableNaNdisp=table1893
LaceyThurston17.2disp=tableNaNdisp=table1966
LaCrosseTownWhitman0.85disp=tableNaNdisp=table1917
Lake Forest ParkKing3.52disp=tableNaNdisp=table1961
Lake StevensSnohomish9.17disp=tableNaNdisp=table1960
LakewoodPierce17.06disp=tableNaNdisp=table1996
LamontTownWhitman0.29disp=tableNaNdisp=table1910
LangleyIsland1.01disp=tableNaNdisp=table1913
LatahTownSpokane0.32disp=tableNaNdisp=table1892
LeavenworthChelan1.45disp=tableNaNdisp=table1906
Liberty LakeSpokane6.25disp=tableNaNdisp=table2001
LindTownAdams1.11disp=tableNaNdisp=table1902
Long BeachPacific1.38disp=tableNaNdisp=table1922
LongviewCowlitz14.8disp=tableNaNdisp=table1924
LymanTownSkagit0.67disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
LyndenWhatcom5.44disp=tableNaNdisp=table1891
LynnwoodSnohomish7.88disp=tableNaNdisp=table1959
MabtonYakima0.84disp=tableNaNdisp=table1905
MaldenTownWhitman0.66disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
MansfieldTownDouglas0.32disp=tableNaNdisp=table1911
Maple ValleyKing6disp=tableNaNdisp=table1997
MarcusTownStevens0.22disp=tableNaNdisp=table1910
MarysvilleSnohomish20.75disp=tableNaNdisp=table1891
MattawaGrant0.92disp=tableNaNdisp=table1958
McClearyGrays Harbor2.05disp=tableNaNdisp=table1943
Medical LakeSpokane3.37disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
MedinaKing1.44disp=tableNaNdisp=table1955
Mercer IslandKing6.38disp=tableNaNdisp=table1960
MesaFranklin1.66disp=tableNaNdisp=table1955
MetalineTownPend Oreille0.31disp=tableNaNdisp=table1948
Metaline FallsTownPend Oreille0.2disp=tableNaNdisp=table1911
Mill CreekSnohomish4.64disp=tableNaNdisp=table1983
MillwoodSpokane0.7disp=tableNaNdisp=table1927
MiltonPierce,
King
2.78disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
MonroeSnohomish6.1disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
Grays Harbor10.38disp=tableNaNdisp=table1883
MortonLewis0.82disp=tableNaNdisp=table1912
Moses LakeGrant17.95disp=tableNaNdisp=table1938
MossyrockLewis0.69disp=tableNaNdisp=table1948
Skagit12.3disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
Mountlake TerraceSnohomish4.06disp=tableNaNdisp=table1954
MoxeeYakima2.37disp=tableNaNdisp=table1921
MukilteoSnohomish6.26disp=tableNaNdisp=table1947
NachesTownYakima0.87disp=tableNaNdisp=table1921
NapavineLewis2.89disp=tableNaNdisp=table1913
NespelemTownOkanogan0.19disp=tableNaNdisp=table1935
NewcastleKing4.45disp=tableNaNdisp=table1994
Pend Oreille1.47disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
NooksackWhatcom0.87disp=tableNaNdisp=table1912
Normandy ParkKing2.49disp=tableNaNdisp=table1953
North BendKing4.35disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
North BonnevilleSkamania2.53disp=tableNaNdisp=table1935
NorthportTownStevens0.57disp=tableNaNdisp=table1898
Oak HarborIsland9.65disp=tableNaNdisp=table1915
OakesdaleTownWhitman1.04disp=tableNaNdisp=table1888
OakvilleGrays Harbor0.55disp=tableNaNdisp=table1905
Ocean ShoresGrays Harbor8.52disp=tableNaNdisp=table1970
OdessaTownLincoln0.81disp=tableNaNdisp=table1902
Okanogan2.01disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
Thurston18.22disp=tableNaNdisp=table1859
OmakOkanogan3.86disp=tableNaNdisp=table1911
OrovilleOkanogan1.69disp=tableNaNdisp=table1908
OrtingPierce2.71disp=tableNaNdisp=table1889
OthelloAdams4disp=tableNaNdisp=table1910
PacificKing,
Pierce
2.42disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
PalouseWhitman1.05disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
Franklin33.96disp=tableNaNdisp=table1891
PaterosOkanogan0.51disp=tableNaNdisp=table1913
Pe EllTownLewis0.59disp=tableNaNdisp=table1906
Garfield1.78disp=tableNaNdisp=table1886
Clallam10.71disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
Kitsap9.64disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
Jefferson6.94disp=tableNaNdisp=table1860
PoulsboKitsap4.74disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
PrescottWalla Walla0.4disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
Benton4.66disp=tableNaNdisp=table1899
PullmanWhitman10.93disp=tableNaNdisp=table1888
PuyallupPierce14.14disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
QuincyGrant6.05disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
RainierThurston1.74disp=tableNaNdisp=table1947
RaymondPacific4.09disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
ReardanTownLincoln0.5disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
RedmondKing16.57disp=tableNaNdisp=table1912
RentonKing23.47disp=tableNaNdisp=table1901
Ferry1.42disp=tableNaNdisp=table1900
RichlandBenton39.23disp=tableNaNdisp=table1958
RidgefieldClark7.34disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
Adams1.75disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
RiversideTownOkanogan0.89disp=tableNaNdisp=table1913
Rock IslandDouglas1.13disp=tableNaNdisp=table1931
RockfordTownSpokane0.66disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
RosaliaTownWhitman0.63disp=tableNaNdisp=table1894
RoslynKittitas4.39disp=tableNaNdisp=table1886
RoyPierce0.48disp=tableNaNdisp=table1908
Royal CityGrant1.16disp=tableNaNdisp=table1962
RustonPierce0.26disp=tableNaNdisp=table1906
SammamishKing20.42disp=tableNaNdisp=table1999
SeaTacKing10.06disp=tableNaNdisp=table1990
King83.83disp=tableNaNdisp=table1865
Sedro-WoolleySkagit4.31disp=tableNaNdisp=table1898
SelahYakima4.58disp=tableNaNdisp=table1919
SequimClallam6.32disp=tableNaNdisp=table1913
Mason5.82disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
ShorelineKing11.64disp=tableNaNdisp=table1995
SkykomishTownKing0.31disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
SnohomishSnohomish3.52disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
SnoqualmieKing7.18disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
Soap LakeGrant1.54disp=tableNaNdisp=table1919
Pacific1.64disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
South Cle ElumTownKittitas0.4disp=tableNaNdisp=table1911
South PrairieTownPierce0.38disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
SpangleSpokane0.35disp=tableNaNdisp=table1888
Spokane68.76disp=tableNaNdisp=table1881
Spokane ValleySpokane37.72disp=tableNaNdisp=table2003
SpragueLincoln1.05disp=tableNaNdisp=table1883
SpringdaleTownStevens1.13disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
St. JohnTownWhitman0.67disp=tableNaNdisp=table1904
StanwoodSnohomish2.93disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
StarbuckTownColumbia0.2disp=tableNaNdisp=table1905
SteilacoomTownPierce2.01disp=tableNaNdisp=table1854
Skamania1.93disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
SultanSnohomish3.27disp=tableNaNdisp=table1905
SumasWhatcom1.47disp=tableNaNdisp=table1891
SumnerPierce7.53disp=tableNaNdisp=table1891
SunnysideYakima7.53disp=tableNaNdisp=table1902
Pierce49.71disp=tableNaNdisp=table1884
TekoaWhitman1.23disp=tableNaNdisp=table1889
TeninoThurston1.46disp=tableNaNdisp=table1906
TietonYakima0.86disp=tableNaNdisp=table1942
ToledoLewis0.39disp=tableNaNdisp=table1892
TonasketOkanogan0.94disp=tableNaNdisp=table1927
ToppenishYakima2.14disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
TukwilaKing9.19disp=tableNaNdisp=table1908
TumwaterThurston17.5disp=tableNaNdisp=table1869
TwispTownOkanogan1.17disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
Union GapYakima5.58disp=tableNaNdisp=table1883
UniontownTownWhitman0.92disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
University PlacePierce8.34disp=tableNaNdisp=table1995
VaderLewis0.93disp=tableNaNdisp=table1906
Clark48.74disp=tableNaNdisp=table1857
WaitsburgWalla Walla1.16disp=tableNaNdisp=table1881
Walla Walla13.85disp=tableNaNdisp=table1862
WapatoYakima1.16disp=tableNaNdisp=table1908
WardenGrant2.93disp=tableNaNdisp=table1910
WashougalClark5.95disp=tableNaNdisp=table1908
WashtucnaTownAdams0.66disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
TownDouglas0.87disp=tableNaNdisp=table1889
WaverlyTownSpokane0.41disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
Chelan10.58disp=tableNaNdisp=table1892
West RichlandBenton22.12disp=tableNaNdisp=table1955
WestportGrays Harbor3.69disp=tableNaNdisp=table1914
White SalmonKlickitat1.54disp=tableNaNdisp=table1907
WilburTownLincoln1.32disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
WilkesonTownPierce0.47disp=tableNaNdisp=table1909
Wilson CreekTownGrant0.97disp=tableNaNdisp=table1903
WinlockLewis1.29disp=tableNaNdisp=table1890
WinthropTownOkanogan0.93disp=tableNaNdisp=table1924
WoodinvilleKing5.62disp=tableNaNdisp=table1993
WoodlandCowlitz,
Clark
4.11disp=tableNaNdisp=table1906
WoodwaySnohomish1.17disp=tableNaNdisp=table1958
YacoltTownClark0.58disp=tableNaNdisp=table1908
Yakima27.81disp=tableNaNdisp=table1886
Yarrow PointTownKing0.37disp=tableNaNdisp=table1959
YelmThurston5.71disp=tableNaNdisp=table1924
ZillahYakima1.82disp=tableNaNdisp=table1911

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: August 12, 2021 . 2020 Population and Housing State Data . United States Census Bureau . November 2, 2021 . August 24, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210824081449/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html . live.
  2. Web site: 2010 . State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates . United States Census Bureau . November 28, 2024 . April 7, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200407014954/https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html . live.
  3. Web site: Rey . Oskar . September 6, 2022 . Why Are There so Many Types of Cities and Counties? A Guide to Municipal Classifications and Forms of Government . . November 28, 2024 . December 7, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20241207002918/https://mrsc.org/stay-informed/mrsc-insight/september-2022/cities-and-counties-classification-overview . live.
  4. Web site: October 2011 . Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Washington . United States Census Bureau . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20250107162540/https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-local-geo-guides-2010/washington.html . January 7, 2025 . January 25, 2025.
  5. Web site: September 25, 2024 . April 1, 2024 Population of Cities, Towns and Counties Used for Allocation of Selected State Revenues . 9 . . November 28, 2024 . December 3, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211203211719/https://ofm.wa.gov/sites/default/files/public/dataresearch/pop/april1/ofm_april1_population_final.pdf . live.
  6. News: Balk . Gene . May 21, 2020 . Seattle drops out of top 5 for growth among major U.S. cities; here are the new leaders . . November 28, 2024 . April 30, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240430191806/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/census-seattle-drops-out-of-top-5-for-growth-among-major-u-s-cities/ . live.
  7. Web site: Exploring Washington's Cities and Towns . 3–4 . . November 28, 2024 . December 2, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20241202120912/https://wacities.org/docs/default-source/resources/explorewacitiestownsbriefbook.pdf . live.
  8. Web site: September 2012 . Washington: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts 2010 Census of Population and Housing . III2 . . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133654/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-49.pdf . September 24, 2015 . August 3, 2016.
  9. News: Leventis . Angie . April 23, 2004 . State's first town marks time . B1 . . . November 28, 2024.
  10. Web site: February 23, 2024 . City and Town Forms of Government . Municipal Research and Services Center . November 28, 2024 . December 1, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20241201164011/https://mrsc.org/explore-topics/government-organization/cities/city-forms-of-government . live.
  11. News: Myers . Laura L. . July 12, 2012 . Washington state town mulls disincorporation, citing finances . . January 22, 2025.
  12. Web site: February 23, 2024 . City and Town Classification . Municipal Research and Services Center . January 22, 2025 . January 21, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250121100322/https://mrsc.org/explore-topics/government-organization/cities/city-classification . live.
  13. Web site: January 2020 . Small City Resource Manual . 1, 48 . Association of Washington Cities . January 22, 2025.
  14. Web site: June 2009 . Code City Handbook . 1–2 . Municipal Research and Services Center . January 22, 2025 . January 23, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250123061250/https://mrsc.org/getmedia/f96b74ab-a955-44be-8db2-8fbce16075ea/Code-City-Handbook.pdf . live.
  15. News: Spitzer . Hugh . August 25, 2016 . Washington Cities Have More Powers Than We Think . Municipal Research and Services Center . January 22, 2025 . January 23, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250123061249/https://mrsc.org/stay-informed/mrsc-insight/august-2016/washington-cities-have-more-powers-than-we-think . live.
  16. Book: Lundin, Steve . 2015 . The Closest Governments to the People: A Complete Reference Guide to Local Government in Washington State . 2nd . 145–156 . Municipal Research and Services Center . Seattle . 959745725 . January 22, 2025 . January 23, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250123061249/https://mrsc.org/getmedia/1c25ae05-968c-4edd-8039-af0cf958baa7/closest-governments-to-the-people.pdf.aspx . live.
  17. News: Oliveaux . Diannie . February 22, 2013 . Council discusses changes for city . 1 . . January 22, 2025 . January 23, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250123062433/https://issuu.com/pnwmarketplace/docs/i20130221104733575 . live.
  18. News: James . Will . October 30, 2017 . In Shelton, A New Form Of Government Is On The Ballot . . January 22, 2025 . January 23, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250123061249/https://www.knkx.org/politics/2017-10-30/in-shelton-a-new-form-of-government-is-on-the-ballot . live.
  19. Web site: Arc of Statehood . Washington State Capitol Campus . . November 28, 2024 . December 1, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20241201123349/https://capitol.wa.gov/discover/artwork-memorials-monuments/arc-statehood . live.
  20. Web site: Court Directory: County–City Reference List . . November 28, 2024 . May 23, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240523020354/https://www.courts.wa.gov/court_dir/?fa=court_dir.countycityref . live.
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