List of chatbots explained

A chatbot is a software application or web interface that is designed to mimic human conversation through text or voice interactions.[1] [2] [3] Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing, but simpler chatbots have existed for decades.

This list of chatbots is a general overview of notable chatbot applications and web interfaces.

General chatbots

ChatbotDeveloperReleasedPlatformTechnologyLicenseNotes
AlexaAmazon2014-11-06Fire OS, iOS, Android, Linux, Windows, Wear OSLargely based on a Polish speech synthesizer named Ivona, bought by Amazon in 2013[4] [5] Virtual assistant
AliceYandex2017-10-10Windows, iOS, AndroidYandexGPT[6] ?Virtual assistant
AliGenieAlibaba Group2017-07-05???Virtual assistant
AssistantGoogle2016-05-18Android, ChromeOS, iOS, iPadOS, KaiOS, Linux, Android TV, Wear OS??Virtual assistant
BixbySamsung Electronics2017-04-21Android, Tizen, Windows, Wear OS?Virtual assistant
BlenderBotMeta AI2022-08-05Web appOPT-175B[7] [8]
BrainaBrainasoft2014-02-09 or earlier[9] WindowsVariousVirtual assistant[10] [11] and speech-to-text dictation[12] application
CarynAICaryn Marjorie[13] 2023-05-09?BanterAI[14] [15] [16] [17] [18] ?
CeliaHuawei2020-04-27Android, EMUI, HarmonyOSHuawei PanGuVirtual assistant designed for the latest HarmonyOS and Android-based EMUI smartphones that lack Google Services and the Google Assistant[19] [20] [21] [22]
ChatGPTOpenAI2022-11-30Web app, iOS, AndroidGPT-3.5, GPT-4
ClaudeAnthropic2023-03Web app, iOSClaude 2.1
CleverbotRollo Carpenter2008-10Web app??Winner of the 2010 Mechanical Intelligence Competition
ClovaNaver Corporation2017-03-01iOS, Android??Virtual assistant
CopilotMicrosoft2023-02-07Web app, Windows, iOS, AndroidMicrosoft Prometheus, GPT-4Launched as Bing Chat
Ernie BotBaidu2023-03-16???
GeminiGoogle2023-03-21Web app, Android, iOSGemini (language model)[23]
GigaChatSberbank2023-04Web app?
GrokxAI2023-11-04Web app?Currently under beta testing for those with the premium version of X
JabberwackyRollo Carpenter1997Web app??Predecessor to Cleverbot
KukiSteve Worswick2013 or earlier[24] Web app, various social networksPandorabots AIML?Embodied five-time Loebner Prize winner designed to befriend humans in the metaverse[25] [26] [27]
Lenny"Mango"[28] [29] 2011??An audio bot designed to annoy telemarketers
LeoBrave Software2023-11-02Windows, macOS, LinuxLLaMA 2, Claude?Included with the Brave desktop browser
MegaHALJason Hutchens1995-04-30Web app, command line?
SILVIACognitive Code2008-01-01Windows, macOS, iOS, Android?Core platform technology
SimSimiISMaker[30] 2002Web app, iOS, Android??
SiriApple Inc.2011-10-05iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, macOS, tvOS, audioOS, visionOS[31] [32] ??Virtual assistant
SpookiTalkThe Digital Village1998-04-02Windows, Classic Mac OSBased on VelociText[33] ?Language processor used for non-player characters in Starship Titanic
QAmazon2023-11-28Web appAmazon Titan, Amazon Bedrock,[34] generative pre-trained transformers?Developed for enterprise use
Ultra HalRobert Medeksza2000-12-04 or earlier[35] WindowsGPT-3[36] ?2007 Loebner Prize winner intended to function as a virtual assistant
XiaoweiTencent2017-06 (late in the month)???Virtual assistant

Historical chatbots

ChatbotDeveloperReleasedDiscontinuedPlatformTechnologyLicenseNotes
Albert OneRobby Garner1995?The InternetBased on a multi-faceted approach in natural-language programming?1998 and 1999 Loebner Prize winner designed to mimic the way humans make conversations
Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer EntityRichard Wallace1995-11-23[37] 2013-10-15?AIML[38] Three-time Loebner Prize winner
AssistantSpeaktoit2011-03-012016-12-15Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Windows 8, Windows 10, ChromeOS??A virtual assistant acquired by Google, unrelated to the Google Assistant
Charlix?2006-04-172010-03-03[39] LinuxBased on Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer EntityDesktop virtual assistant
CortanaMicrosoft2014-04-022023-08-11Windows, Windows Phone, iOS, Android, Xbox OSTellme Networks, Satori, Microsoft EvaA deprecated virtual assistant succeeded by Copilot; originally named after character in Xbox Halo video game
Dr. SbaitsoCreative Labs1991-06 or earlier[40] ?MS-DOSSpeech synthesis?Initially released in Singapore
ELIZAJoseph Weizenbaum[41] [42] 19641967 (stopped development)[43] ?Pattern matching, MAD-SLIP, lisp-like representation[44] ?Developed at MIT
Eugene GoostmanVladimir Veselov, Eugene Demchenko, Sergey Ulasen[45] [46] 20012014-06-07???2012 Turing 100 and 2014 Royal Society Turing test winner some regard as having passed the Turing test
EviTrue Knowledge2012-102014-01-23iOS, Android??Virtual assistant
FredRobby Garner1997-12-01 or earlier[47] ????
GooglyMinotaurActiveBuddy (under contract by Capitol Records)2001-062002-03-24AIM??ActiveBuddy's first offering,[48] [49] specializing in Radiohead-related information[50]
InfobotKevin Lenzo1995-06?IRCPerl, factoidsAn IRC bot primarily designed to assist with answering FAQs in channels such as #perl[51]
Jeeney AIC.J. Jones2007-02[52] 2010???2009 Chatterbox Challenge winner[53]
Mark V ShaneyRob Pike, Bruce Ellis, Don P. Mitchell1981?UsenetMarkov chain techniques?A synthetic user whose postings in the net.singles newsgroups were generated based on text from other postings
MycroftMycroft team2015-11-172023-01-31Linux?[54] Virtual assistant
PARRYKenneth Colby1972????An early example of a chatbot
RacterMindscape (publisher)1984?IBM PC compatibles, Apple II, Macintosh, Amiga??Was able to generate English-language prose at random[55]
SmarterChildActiveBuddy2001-062006-10-12AIM, Windows Live Messenger??The second bot released by ActiveBuddy[56]
SparrowGoogle DeepMind2022-092023-01-12Web appChinchilla
TayMicrosoft2016-03-232016-03-24Twitter??Rapidly decayed into producing poisonous & racist bigotry after manipulation by online trolls (on 4chan & 8chan); suspended after 16 hours[57] [58]
VerbotAvaya19972012 (early in the year)Microsoft Windows, web app??An artificial intelligence software development kit[59]
VivViv Labs, Inc. (subsidiary of Samsung Electronics)2016-05-092017-10-18iOS, AndroidIntegrated into Bixby 2.0?Virtual assistant

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: What is a chatbot?. techtarget.com. 30 January 2017. 2 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101102170613/http://searchdomino.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid4_gci935566,00.html. live.
  2. Caldarini. Guendalina. Jaf. Sardar. McGarry. Kenneth. 2022. A Literature Survey of Recent Advances in Chatbots. Information. MDPI. 13. 1. 41. 10.3390/info13010041. free. 2201.06657.
  3. Adamopoulou . Eleni . Moussiades . Lefteris . Chatbots: History, technology, and applications . Machine Learning with Applications . 2020 . 2 . 100006 . 10.1016/j.mlwa.2020.100006 . free.
  4. Web site: Ivona, Alexa, Vika or intelligent girls from Gdańsk . May 22, 2020 .
  5. Web site: Amazon Gets into Voice Recognition, Buys Ivona Software to Compete Against Apple's Siri. January 24, 2013 .
  6. Web site: «Яндекс» добавил в «Алису» аналог ChatGPT. 17 May 2023 . www.rbc.ru. ru. 2023-06-06.
  7. https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.03188
  8. https://parl.ai/projects/bb3/
  9. Vladimir A. Fomichov . Alexander A. Razorenov . The Design of A Natural Language Interface for File System Operations on the basis of a Structured Meanings Model . Procedia Computer Science . 31. 2014 . 1005–1011 . 10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.353. . 2014 . free.
  10. Web site: King . Leo . Top 8 virtual personal assistants. Raconteur . 15 December 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230726225438/https://www.raconteur.net/report/artificial-intelligence-for-business/top-8-virtual-personal-assistants/ . 26 July 2023 . dead.
  11. Igor Bošnjak . Luka Šaravanja . Eva Čuljak . Željko Stojkić . Planning and implementation of Digital Assistance System at University of Mostar Learning Factory . 2021 . 3–4 . . 2021 . 10.2139/ssrn.3858378 . 11th Conference on Learning Factories, CLF2021 . 242604709 .
  12. Web site: Free Artificial Intelligence (AI) software for your PC. . 2024-01-29 .
  13. News: Thousands chatted with this AI 'virtual girlfriend.' Then things got even weirder . Los Angeles Times . 27 June 2023.
  14. News: An influencer's AI clone will be your girlfriend for $1 a minute. Lorenz. Taylor. The Washington Post. May 13, 2023.
  15. Web site: Snapchat influencer launches an AI-powered 'virtual girlfriend' to help 'cure loneliness'. NBCNews. May 12, 2023. Tolentino. Daysia.
  16. Web site: Snapchat Sensation Caryn Marjorie's AI Doppelgänger: Your Virtual Girlfriend For $1 Per Minute. Bibey. Chris. Yahoo Finance. 12 May 2023 .
  17. Web site: A 23-year-old Snapchat influencer used OpenAI's technology to create an A.I. version of herself that will be your girlfriend for $1 per minute. Fortune.com. Sternlicht. Alexandra. May 9, 2023.
  18. Web site: Influencer who created AI version of herself says it's gone rogue and she's working 'around the clock' to stop it saying sexually explicit things. Business Insider. Zitser. Josiah. May 11, 2023.
  19. Web site: Huawei's Celia. Android Authority. 27 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200327130153/https://www.androidauthority.com/huawei-celia-assistant-1098366/%26hl%3Den%3DZA. dead.
  20. Web site: International Voice Assistant Releases. 2020-06-12. TrendHunter.com. en.
  21. Web site: 2020-03-26. Huawei Launches Its Own Personal Assistant, That Sounds A Lot Like Apple's. 2020-06-12. Android Headlines. en-US.
  22. Web site: 2020-05-20. Meet Celia, Huawei's own voice assistant. 2020-06-12. Speed Magazine. en-US.
  23. Web site: David . Emilia . July 20, 2023 . The AI wars might have an armistice deal sooner than expected . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230720150119/https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/20/23800755/ai-meta-llama-microsoft-chatgpt-interoperability . July 20, 2023 . July 25, 2023 . The Verge.
  24. Web site: Most Loebner Prize wins. 2021-01-28. Guinness World Records. en-GB.
  25. Web site: New trend report: Into the Metaverse. 2021-11-16. Wunderman Thompson. en.
  26. Web site: Kuki Chatbot.
  27. Web site: Loebner Prize Contest 2013 . People.exeter.ac.uk . 2013-09-14 . 2013-12-02.
  28. Web site: The Story of Lenny, the Internet's Favorite Telemarketing Troll . Daniel . Oberhaus . November 21, 2018 . Vice.com.
  29. News: Bolton . Doug . Meet Lenny – the internet's favourite telemarketer-tricking robot . January 14, 2016 . . London.
  30. News: What is Simsimi? All About the iPhone and Android App That Has the World Laughing Out Loud. 25 February 2012. International Business Times. 23 January 2012. 21 April 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120421141736/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/285978/20120123/what-simsimi-iphone-android-app.htm. live.
  31. Web site: Use Siri on all your Apple devices . support.apple.com . November 2023 .
  32. Web site: Google Assistant beats Alexa, Siri . gadgets.ndtv.com . August 19, 2019 .
  33. Book: Richards. Neil. Starship Titanic: The Official Strategy Guide. 1998. Three Rivers Press. 0-609-80147-3. 1st. 71-73.
  34. Web site: What is Amazon Q Business? . 2024-04-24.
  35. Web site: Ultra Hal assistant . 4 December 2000 . The Tribune.
  36. Web site: Ultra Hal . 2024-02-05.
  37. Thompson 2002, p. 2
  38. Henderson 2007, pg. 127
  39. Web site: Charlix . 2024-02-04.
  40. https://books.google.com/books?id=fpQP3e54P-gC&dq=sbaitso+1991&pg=PT80 PC Mag Oct 29, 1991 p.67 advertisement
  41. Book: Berry, David M. . Hello, I'm Eliza: Fünfzig Jahre Gespräche mit Computern . Projekt Verlag . 2018 . 9783897334670 . de . Hello, I'm Eliza: Fifty Years of Conversations with Computers . Baranovska . Marianna . 1st . Berlin . 53–70 . Weizenbaum, ELIZA and the End of Human Reason . Höltgen . Stefan.
  42. Book: Weizenbaum, Joseph . Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation . W. H. Freeman and Company . 1976 . 0-7167-0464-1 . New York.
  43. Web site: Alan Turing at 100 . Harvard Gazette . 13 September 2012 . 2016-02-22.
  44. Berry . David M. . 2023-11-06 . The Limits of Computation: Joseph Weizenbaum and the ELIZA Chatbot . Weizenbaum Journal of the Digital Society . en . 3 . 3 . 10.34669/WI.WJDS/3.3.2 . 2748-5625.
  45. Web site: Computer chatbot 'Eugene Goostman' passes the Turing test . 8 June 2014 . ZDNet . 8 June 2014 . 12 June 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140612165756/http://www.zdnet.com/computer-chatbot-eugene-goostman-passes-the-turing-test-7000030312/ . live .
  46. Web site: Turing Test success marks milestone in computing history . University of Reading . 8 June 2014 . 8 June 2014 . 8 June 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140608201600/http://www.reading.ac.uk/news-and-events/releases/PR583836.aspx . live .
  47. L. Caputo, R. Garner, P. Nathan. "FRED, Milton and Barry: the evolution of intelligent agents for the Web", Advances in intelligent systems, 1997.portal.acm.org
  48. News: ActiveBuddy Introduces Software to Create and Deploy Interactive Agents for Text Messaging; ActiveBuddy Developer Site Now Open: www.BuddyScript.com. Business Wire. 2002-07-15.
  49. News: Gibes. Al. Circle of buddies grows ever wider. Las Vegas Review-Journal (Nevada). 2002-03-25.
  50. News: Gibes. Al. Circle of buddies grows ever wider. Las Vegas Review-Journal (Nevada). 2002-03-25.
  51. Lenzo. Kevin. Infobots and Purl. The Perl Journal. 3. 2. Summer 1998. 2010-07-26.
  52. https://www.chatbots.org/chatterbot/jeeney_a.i/ Chatbot Jeeney A.I.
  53. Ehab El-agizy, (June 30 2009) Chatterbox Challenge 2009 Winners, chatbots.org
  54. Web site: Having the Right license is just as important as having a License. 28 June 2017.
  55. Book: Chamberlain , Bill . William Chamberlain (technologist)

    . William Chamberlain (technologist) . The Policeman's Beard Is Half Constructed . . 0-446-38051-2 . 1984 . 2009-07-02 . registration .

  56. News: ActiveBuddy Introduces Software to Create and Deploy Interactive Agents for Text Messaging; ActiveBuddy Developer Site Now Open: www.BuddyScript.com. Business Wire. 2002-07-15.
  57. Web site: Tung . Liam . 24 March 2016 . Microsoft's Tay AI chatbot goes offline after being taught to be a racist . live . . The internet teaches Microsoft a lesson in the dangers of artificial intelligence and public interaction... Microsoft's millennial-talking AI chatbot, Tay.ai, has taken a break from Twitter after humans taught it to parrot a number of inflammatory and racist opinions... Microsoft had launched Tay on Wednesday, aiming it at people aged between 18 and 24 years in the US. But after 16 busy hours of talking on subjects ranging from Hitler to 9/11 conspiracies, Tay has gone quiet..
  58. Web site: Reeve . Elspeth . Tay Exposes the Fairy Tales We Tell Ourselves About Racists . The New Republic . 11 July 2024 . Tay lived for just 16 hours, until Microsoft “became aware of a coordinated effort by some users to abuse Tay’s commenting skills” to make her a Nazi. The /pol/ boards on 4chan and 8chan—/pol/ stands for “politically incorrect”—are where that coordination took place..
  59. Web site: Joshua . Quittner . WHAT'S HOT IN BOTS . Time Magazine . 1997-12-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070428130357/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987519,00.html . dead . April 28, 2007 .

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