List of catastrophic collapses of broadcast masts and towers explained

This is a list of catastrophic collapses of broadcast masts and towers.

Masts and towers can collapse as a result of natural disasters, such as storms and fires; from engineering defects; and from accidents, sabotage and bendover.__TOC__

List of collapses

LocationDateMode of constructiondata-sort-type=number Height
(meters)
Reason for collapseRemarks
Poldhu, Cornwall, England20 wooden poles arranged in a circle64StormIdentical design to South Wellfleet installation. Replaced by four free-standing wooden lattice towers
South Wellfleet, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, United States20 wooden poles arranged in a circle64StormIdentical design to Poldhu installation. Replaced by 4 free-standing wooden lattice towers.
Machrihanish, Scotland[1] Guyed steel tubular mast128StormUsed for transatlantic communication with Brant Rock, Massachusetts, U.S. Never replaced.
Nauen, GermanyGuyed steel lattice mast200StormWas the oldest continuously operating radio transmitting installation in the world.
Java, Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia) ??Lightning
Norddeich, GermanyGuyed steel lattice mast?StormThree towers collapsed
Place of Magdeburg Transmitter, Berlin, GermanyGuyed mast on roof top?Guy cable rusted through
Western mast of Zeesen transmitter, Zeesen, GermanyGuyed steel lattice mast210Collapse at construction
Munich-Stadelheim, GermanyFree standing wood lattice tower75StormTwo towers snapped off 25 metres above ground
Langenberg, GermanyFree standing wood lattice tower150TornadoReplaced by triangle antenna
Liechtenstein-Haberfeld transmitterStorm
Utbremen Radio Tower, Bremen, GermanyFree standing wood lattice tower90LightningReplaced by steel tower
Radio Normandie Transmitter, Tower West, Fécamp, France[2] Free standing lattice tower113Storm
Langenberg, GermanyGuyed steel tube mast51StormTwo masts of a triangle aerial
Schwerin-Möwenburgstrasse transmitter, Schwerin, GermanyGuyed steel lattice mast120 Storm
Hamburg-Billwerder, West GermanyGuyed steel lattice mast198StormPartial destruction of a guyed mast under construction
Augusta, MichiganGuyed steel tube mastAircraft collisionFormer Michigan Governor Kim Sigler, who was piloting the plane, and three passengers were killed.
Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaSteel lattice mastWindstormWENS television. The lower part of the tower is still visible and in use.
Nicosia, CyprusSabotageDestroyed by EOKA rebels
WOAI, Selma, Texas[3] [4] Guyed steel lattice mast100Aircraft collisionHit by a B-29.
Ochsenkopf, West GermanyGuyed steel tube mast50IceReplaced by concrete tower
KAYS-TV Tower, Hays, KansasGuyed steel tube mast224Storm with 105 kt winds[5] Top 150m of the tower toppled. Replaced within three months by a mast 251m tall.
KOBR-TV Tower, Caprock, New MexicoGuyed lattice steel mast491StormReplaced by new mast of same height
LORAN-C location transmitter, Carolina Beach, North Carolina, USLattice Tower191StormTower buckled at 2/3 of height. Tower carried radials (wires attached radially in a horizontal plane) on its top although it was not designed for them.
Villebon-sur-Yvette, FranceGuyed steel lattice mast?Terrorism
LORAN-C transmitter Ejde, Ejde, Faroe IslandsGuyed steel lattice mast190Material faultSlip of guy
KGW Tower, Portland, Oregon, USGuyed steel lattice mast180StormColumbus Day Storm of 1962
Angissq LORAN-C transmitter, Angissq, GreenlandGuyed steel lattice mast411Material faultReplaced by a 214 m (704 ft)) tall mast radiator
Yap LORAN-C transmitter, Yap Island, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (modern-day Micronesia)Guyed steel lattice mast305Collapsed during construction
Iwo Jima LORAN-C transmitter, JapanGuyed steel lattice mast411Maintenance workThe collapsing mast also destroyed the transmitter building. Six persons were killed.
SES8 Tower, Mount Burr, South Australia,Guyed steel lattice mast200Structural failure during guy wire tension testing
KXJB-TV mast, Galesburg, North DakotaGuyed steel lattice mast628Helicopter collision
WLBT Tower, Raymond, MississippiGuyed steel lattice487F5 tornadoReplaced with 609.3 m tower which collapsed in 1997
KBIM-TV, at Caprock, New Mexicounknown411Unknown[6]
XHI-TV Tower, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico?200Hurricane KristenReplaced with a temporary tower; station relocated to Yucuribampo Hill
Waltham mast, UKGuyed tubular steel mast290StormHigh winds caused oscillations in the mast structure
WNBC-AM, WCBS-AM, at High Island, New York,[7] Guyed lattice steel mast161Aircraft collision
KELO TV Tower, Rowena, South DakotaGuyed steel lattice mast609Airplane collision during thunderstorm
WAEO Tower, Starks, WisconsinGuyed steel lattice mast524Collapse due to plane collision with guy wire
Marnach, Luxembourg?Plane crash?
Emley Moor, Great BritainGuyed tubular steel mast385IceReplaced by 330 m free-standing concrete tower
Orlunda, SwedenGuyed steel lattice mast250LightningThe base insulator was destroyed
KOIN-TV Towers, Portland, OregonGuyed steel lattice mast305 & 213IceTwo towers collapsed
KSTP-TV and WCCO-TV, Shoreview, MinnesotaGuyed steel lattice mast411Structural failure during constructionSeven technicians were killed while lifting the first of three large antenna sections into place at the top of the tower.[8]
Königs Wusterhausen, East GermanyLattice steel tower243Storm
Bithlo (near Orlando), Florida, USGuyed Steel Tower457Removal of load-bearing diagonals during FM antenna installationMulti-station tower supporting antennas of TV stations WDBO-TV, WFTV, and WMFE-TV, and radio stations WDBO-FM and WDIZ-FM – two workers on tower killed
KCRG-TV Tower Walker, IowaGuyed Steel Tower598Tower modificationsTower being modified prior to installation of Iowa Public Television side-mounted antenna – five workers on tower site killed
TV Mast Brest - Roc'h Trédudon, FranceGuyed steel lattice mast218TerrorismA slightly higher tower, 225m, has been built since.
KELO TV Tower, Rowena, South Dakota, USGuyed steel lattice mast610Blizzard
Sendemast SL3, Burg bei Magdeburg, East GermanyGuyed steel lattice mast350Material fault
Pic de Nore transmitter, Pic de Nore, FranceConcrete tower80StormStorm tore pinnacle down
CKVR Television Tower, Barrie, Ontario, CanadaGuyed steel lattice mast305Aircraft collision
KSLA-TV Tower, Mooringsport, LAGuyed steel lattice mast521Undetermined1709 feet HAAT. Erected November 17, 1964. Had elevator, RCA Travelling Wave pylon antenna for Channel 12 (System M), land mobile antennas, all lost. RCA contractor for erection, stainless subcontractor. No definitive cause ever found for collapse. Speculation of "galloping guy lines" (mechanical standing waves in one of the guys), causing stress-to-failure in the guys due to rapidly alternating strain.
TV mast of Shaanxi No.9 Transmitting Station, Chang'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China[9] Guyed steel tubular mast26Ice
WJJY TV Mast, Bluffs, ILGuyed steel lattice mast49124 two-inch coupling bolts connecting the second and third sections of the tower snapped due to ice formationIn August 1969. This tower was one of the three tallest structures in the Northern Hemisphere and its transmitter radiated the most powerful UHF-TV signal in the world. TV channel 14 (470-476 MHz). Collapsed Easter Sunday.
WAND TV Tower, DecaturGuyed steel lattice mast400Upper section of antenna broke loose and destroyed guy wires due to ice stormWAND and WJJY used the same RCA UHF antennas, mfg in 1969. TV channel 17 (488-494 MHz) Collapsed Easter Sunday.
Nebraska Education Tower, AngoraGuyed steel lattice mast457Ice
Zehlendorf bei Oranienburg, East GermanyGuyed steel lattice mast352Aircraft collision
Vysílač Krašov, Bezvěrov, CzechoslovakiaGuyed mast of lattice steel305IceMast was predamaged
Blåbärskullen transmitter, Sunne, SwedenGuyed mast of lattice steel323IcePinnacle with broadcasting antennas fell down, height afterwards 274 metres
LORAN-C transmitter Jan Mayen, Jan Mayen, NorwayGuyed mast of lattice steel190IceGuy supports were improperly installed
Delimora Transmitter, MaltaGuyed mast of lattice steel88Melting of guy supportsThe guy wires were made of polymer, which melted as a result of a high electric field strength storm
Dudelange Radio Tower, LuxembourgLattice steel tower285Aircraft collisionDebris of the tower killed a couple in a house near the tower.
WWAY tower, Winnabow, North CarolinaLattice steel tower?Aircraft collisionHit by a military jet. Replaced with one nearly 2,000 feet (610 m) tall.
WCIQ Tower, Mount Cheaha, AlabamaGuyed steel lattice mast?Ice storm
main mast of Shaanxi No.10 Transmitting Station, Chunhua, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China[10] Guyed steel lattice mast129[11] High winds and corrosion
Senior Road Tower, Missouri City, Texas, USGuyed steel lattice mast569Guy support wire severedTotal collapse during installation of 6-ton FM antenna on new 1800 ft. tower. Five technicians killed: two on the hoist riding the FM antenna up and three on the tower. Determined insufficient sized bolts on the makeshift lifting lug extension failed. The falling debris severed one of the tower's guy wires which caused the tower to whip back and forth and collapse.
KANU tower, Lawrence, KSGuyed steel lattice mast184SabotageGuy wires severed
CKX-TV Craig Television Tower, CanadaGuyed mast412Ice
TV mast Wavre, BelgiumGuyed mast315Storm
KWWL, Rowley, IowaGuyed steel lattice mast610Ice
Bielstein, West GermanyGuyed steel tube mast298Ice
San Francisco, CA, US - Candlestick HillSelf-supporting tower137High windKYA transmitter placed in service in 1937. Failure may have resulted from tower leg insulator replacement where all-thread rod was not long enough to fully engage securing nut.
Caroline 558 and Radio Monique mast, aboard MV Ross Revenge, off English coastLattice steel tower92Force 8 stormTallest ever mast aboard any ship. It was replaced by horizontal wire antenna between two shorter masts.
KTUL Tower Coweta, OKLattice steel guyed tower582Ice stormListed at 1909 feet
a mast in NRTA Transmitting Station 501, Anning, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaGuyed steel lattice mast143.5Material fault and high winds[12]
KTVO-TV Tower, Colony, MissouriGuyed steel lattice mast610MaintenanceCrew was replacing cross support beams at the 200 meter level. The mast broke at that spot, the bottom 200 meters fell to the south, the top fell straight down. All three workers on the mast were killed.
Zhumadian Prefecture TV & FM Relay Station, Zhumadian, Zhumadian Prefecture, Henan, China[13] Guyed steel lattice mast55Ice storm
KGO (AM) towers Newark, California?91EarthquakeThree towers damaged
WRAL-TV & WPTF-TV towers, AuburnTwo guyed steel tube framework masts609IceUnusually heavy ice concentrated at top predominantly on one side of towers caused asymmetrical load. Dislodged essentially as one piece during rapid warming; sudden unloading caused dynamic failure.
Minnkota power cooperative, near Langdon, North Dakota, USguyed steel triangular tower107Underground corrosion of guy wire steel and anchor shaftTwo tower service personnel were seriously injured
RÚV long wave radio mast, Vatnsendahæð, Reykjavik, IcelandGuyed steel lattice mast150Storm
WDIO-TV Duluth, Minnesota, USGuyed steel triangular tower259Ice and high windFreezing rain, accompanied at time with thunder, coated the city of Duluth with as much as six inches of ice. The 850-foot WDIO-TV tower was toppled as winds gusted to 40 mph, buffeting the heavily ice-covered tower. The tower fell onto a nearby utility line which provided power to the remainder of Duluth's television and FM radio stations, and all but one AM radio station. Telephone and power lines snapped leaving Duluth and many northeastern Minnesota communities without utility services for 24 hours. The DNR reported that four million pine trees were damaged or destroyed. - NOAA NWS Duluth, MN
Hekou MW Transmitting Station, Hekou, Honghe, Yunnan, ChinaGuyed steel lattice mast133.5High winds
Warsaw radio mast, Konstantynów, PolandGuyed steel tube framework mast648MaintenanceReplacement by facility in Solec Kujawski
Kuruk-tagh Relay Station, Korla, Bayingolin, Xinjiang, ChinaLattice steel tower60High winds
WCIX TV Tower Homestead, FloridaGuyed steel tower549Hurricane AndrewRebuilt by LeBlanc Tower of Canada
COMMSTA MiamiGuyed mast (insulated)91Hurricane AndrewCollapse of 2 masts
Cape Race LORAN-C transmitter, Cape Race, CanadaGuyed steel lattice mast411Material faultFatigue failure of the eyebolt head in a compression cone insulator on structural guy caused swing-in damage, which resulted in structural collapse
LORAN-C transmitter Kargaburan, Kargaburan, TurkeyGuyed steel lattice mast191SnowstormTower had construction faults
WCOV-TV Tower, Montgomery, Alabama, US?242Tornado
Yosami Transmitting Station mast No.8, Kariya, Aichi, JapanGuyed steel lattice mast250Structural failure during dismantlingOne worker was killed and four workers were injured.
Langenberg, GermanyGuyed steel lattice mast160Maintenance
KXTX-TV Tower Cedar Hill, TexasGuyed steel tower468Maintenance for DTV installThree died when tower collapsed after a gin pole ran off its track and snapped a guy wire
Grigoriopol transmitter, MoldovaGuyed steel lattice mast350IceTwo masts collapsed
250
KXJB-TV mast, North Dakota, USGuyed steel lattice mast628Ice
KNOE-TV Tower, Columbia, LouisianaGuyed steel lattice mast606MaintenanceOne killed, two injured when workers failed to install temporary braces
WLBT Tower, Raymond, MississippiGuyed steel lattice609MaintenanceThree killed - temporary braces failed during HDTV antenna upgrade
Sakaide Transmission Tower, Kagawa Prefecture, Shikoku Island, JapanSteel lattice73Vandalism, possible sabotage76 bolts were removed without authorization from the base of the tower. The perpetrator has not been identified to this date.[14] [15]
WKY-AM-TV Tower, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USGuyed mast293Tornado
TV Tower Avala, SerbiaConcrete tower (with observation deck)203Air raid (NATO bombardment during the Kosovo war)
Bozhou Educational TV Tower, Xuege Subdistrict, Bozhou, Anhui, ChinaSquare lattice roof top tower98 (40 + 58 (building + tower))[16] StormThe tower on the roof collapsed to street. Two persons were killed.[17]
WMBD AM radio tower, Peoria, Illinois, USThunderstorm windsEarly morning thunderstorm wind event with estimated damage of $500,000
WRMD-Tower, St. Petersburg, Florida, USGuyed steel lattice mast198Helicopter crashThree died when a medical helicopter hit a guy wire in clear weather and crashed
WNWI 1080-Towers, Oak Lawn (Chicago), Illinois, USGuyed steel lattice mast61SabotageTwo towers collapsed
KXEO/KWWR-Tower, Mexico, MO, USGuyed steel lattice mast123Storm
Linquan Radio & TV Transmitting Station (old), Linquan, Fuyang, Anhui, ChinaGuyed steel lattice tower103[18] Structural failure during dismantlingTwo workers were killed, and one worker was seriously injured.[19]
CBC Tower, Shawinigan, QC, CanadaGuyed steel lattice mast331.5 (307.1 + 24.4 (structure + antenna))Controlled implosion after aircraft crash caused serious damage five days earlierRebuilt in 2003, the new tower has almost the same height, i.e. 326.8m (307.1m for the structure, but the antenna is shorter (19.7m)).
Angara transmitter, Northern Mast, Angara, RussiaGuyed steel lattice mast carrying a T-antenna205Deteriorated support guys
World Trade Center North Tower, New York City, NYTruses and Axis526.8 (417 + 109.8 (roof + antenna))Terrorist attackTower was destroyed as a result of the September 11 attacks in which a commercial airliner flew into the side of the building causing it and the broadcast tower to collapse under its own weight.
Krasny Bor transmitter, RussiaGuyed steel lattice mast258Helicopter collision
a mast in Datong MW Transmitting Station, Yunzhou District, Datong, Shanxi, ChinaGuyed steel lattice mast151.5High winds and corrosion
WKFT, North Carolina, USGuyed steel tower533.1Airplane crashPilot killed and the tower was destroyed
Nanxian Radio & TV Transmitting Station, Nanxian, Yiyang, Hunan, ChinaFree-standing steel lattice tower100[20] Storm
KDUH-TV Mast, Hemingford, Nebraska, USGuyed steel lattice mast599MaintenanceTwo workers killed, three injured on ground
WVAH-TV Tower, West Virginia, USGuyed steel lattice mast473Ice
WPAY-Tower, Portsmouth, Ohio, USGuyed steel lattice mast200Ice
WTNV-FM Tower, Jackson, Tennessee, USFree-standing steel lattice tower176Tornado
WMBD Tower, Peoria, Illinois, USFree-standing steel lattice tower?TornadoCollapse of three towers, following collapse of larger single tower at same site by straight-line winds on 20 April 2000
KETV TV TowerGuyed steel lattice mast415Reconstruction work
WIFR TV towerGuyed steel lattice mast222Storm (derecho)
WAAY-TV - TV Mast, Huntsville, Alabama, USGuyed steel lattice mast305unknownThree workers killed
Utrecht, NetherlandsGuyed steel lattice mast45
WJDB Transmitter Grove Hill, ALGuyed steel lattice mast131Hurricane IvanReplacement tower constructed shortly thereafter. Also knocked Clarke County, AL, Sheriff's Office off the air (KWO611)
WPMI-TV Tower, Robertsdale, Alabama, USGuyed steel lattice mast518StormHurricane Ivan
Peterborough, Great BritainGuyed steel lattice mast163Fire (suspected vandalism)Temporary replacement mast constructed shortly thereafter. New permanent mast entered full service in February 2006.
KFI Mast, La Mirada, CA, USGuyed steel lattice mast195Aircraft collision
WLGA Transmitter Tower (formerly WSWS-TV Transmitter Tower), Cusseta, Georgia, USGuyed steel lattice mast538Replacement tower completed September 15, 2005.
Nebraska Education Tower Atlanta, Atlanta, Nebraska, USGuyed steel lattice mast325Aircraft collisionAll three aircraft occupants killed
KLTV-TV Mast, Tyler, TX (Red Springs, TX)Guyed steel lattice mast329Undetermined1078 feet HAAT. Erected in 1981. No definitive cause ever found for collapse. Speculation was that the collapse was directly or indirectly related to the recent installation of their digital television antenna. The collapse destroyed the tower, KLTV's analog and digital antennas, KLTV's digital transmitter, and FM station KVNE's antenna. The analog transmitter was undamaged, and within a few days was moved to KLTV's backup tower in east Tyler. The collapse occurred the day after Raycom Media officially took ownership of the station.
Torre VIP de Rádio & TV, São Bernardo do Campo, BrazilGuyed steel lattice mast174MaintenanceOne person was killed
WACS-TV towerGuyed steel lattice mast329EF3 tornadoAmericus, Georgia, was struck by the tornado a few minutes later
WSKY-DT Tower, Camden County, NC, USGuyed steel lattice mast230Guy wire anchor failureUnder construction. Also destroyed transmitter building. Was planned for a height of 1,036 ft (315.77 m).[21]
WCFE-DT, Clinton, County, NY, USGuyed steel tower136Structural failure400-foot transmitter tower located on Averil Peak, NY completely collapsed as a result of accumulation of ice and snow from the April 2007 Nor'easter. Partially damaged the transmitter building at the base. New tower erected and back in service Oct, 9 2007.
Browns Summit Crown Castle Broadcasting Tower, Browns Summit, Texas, USGuyed steel lattice mast244Restoration work
WNEP-TV Tower, Penobscot Knob PennsylvaniaGuyed steel lattice mast244IceAlso damaged transmitter building and doppler radar.[22]
WVIA-TV Tower, Penobscot KnobGuyed steel lattice mast510Ice300 ft. section lost from top of tower[23]
KATV-TV Tower, Redfield, Jefferson County, USGuyed steel lattice mast609MaintenanceRestringing guy wires[24]
a mast in Inner Mongolia Transmitting Station 610, Tumed Left Banner, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, ChinaGuyed steel lattice mast152High winds
Emmis Television Wichita TowerGuyed steel lattice mast326Ice
2QN Tower, Deniliquin, New South Wales, AustraliaGuyed steel lattice mast102StormWind gust reportedly caused the mast to collapse during a severe storm
Jinzhou Radio & TV Tower, Jinzhou Town, Jinzhou, Hebei, ChinaFree-standing steel lattice tower186.8Storm[25]
KRKO Radio TowersGuyed steel lattice mast?TerrorismTwo masts
WLHR-FM Radio Tower Lavonia, GA, USGuyed steel lattice mast86SabotageGuyed wires cut
a MW mast[26] and 3 SW masts[27] in Qinghai Transmitting Station 920, Gyêgu, Yushu, Qinghai, ChinaGuyed steel lattice mast (MW)
Guyed steel tubular mast (SW)
76 (MW) & 25 (SW)2010 Yushu earthquake
Laomaling Radio & TV Transmitting Station, Pingshun, Changzhi, Shanxi, ChinaGuyed steel lattice mast72High winds
WEAU TV/Radio Tower Fairchild, WI, USGuyed steel lattice mast609Ice, high windsWeather-related
Zendstation Smilde, TV/Radio Tower, Hoogersmilde, The NetherlandsGuyed steel tube mast on concrete tower303FireTubular steel superstructure collapsed, new steel lattice superstructure constructed (2012) on top of existing concrete base tower
Zhutiao TV Transposer Station, Niushou, Fancheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, ChinaFree-standing steel lattice tower70Storm
LRL312 Mega 98.3, LR5 Pop Radio 101.5 and LRL317 FM FederalGuyed210FireFire started in a leftover deposit close to one of the guy wire anchors.[28] [29] [30]
Baofeng Radio & TV Transmitting Station, Baofeng, Pingdingshan, Henan, ChinaFree-standing steel lattice tower136[31] High winds[32]
Longwave transmitter Europe 1, 280 metres mast, Felsberg-Berus, GermanyGuyed steel lattice mast280Ragged guy wirePinnacle and upper sections fell down
main mast of Gwangju CBS Sillyong Transmitting Station, Gwangsan District, Gwangju, South KoreaGuyed steel lattice mast110Typhoon Bolaven (2012)[33]
Boll Relay Transmitter, Oberndorf-Boll, GermanyLattice tower30Truck collision[34]
Houston public safety radio towerGuyed152Unknown
Karachun TV Tower, Sloviansk, UkraineGuyed steel lattice mast222Artillery shellingDuring the final days of the siege of Sloviansk Ukrainian Government forces positioned on the Mount Karachun were shelled by the Russian proxies. As a result, the guy wires failed and tower collapsed.[35]
The new tower 50 m shorter was opened on December 5, 2016, in place of the destroyed one.[36]
CRTV Mast, Logbessou, Douala, CameroonGuyed200CorrosionMast collapsed during replacement of corroded leg at 160m. Four riggers killed.[37]
Rekowo Radio Mast, Rekowo, PolandGuyed60Storm
Häglared transmitter, Borås, SwedenGuyed mast of lattice steel332SabotageRoughly half of the mast fell after guy wires had been sabotaged.
RTI Lukang Branch north array tower T1 & T3, Lukang, Changhua, TaiwanFree-standing steel lattice tower125Typhoon Megi[38]
Yancheng Radio & TV Transmitting Station (old), Tinghu District, Yancheng, Jiangsu, ChinaFree-standing steel lattice tower135Structural failure during dismantlingTwo workers were killed.[39]
SPR TV tower, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico??High winds[40]
KOZK Ozarks Public Television, Fordland, MOGuyed597MaintenanceSix workers were performing routine maintenance at 105 ft on the tower when it collapsed, one worker was killed.
Amami FM Ariya Transmitting Station, Amami, Kagoshima, JapanGuyed steel lattice mast[41] 30[42] Typhoon TramiReplaced by a 25m steel monopole tower.
a backup mast in Fujian Transmitting Station 103 Wuliting Site, Jin'an District, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaGuyed steel lattice mast76Excavator collision with guy wire[43]
KOLN Tower, Beaver Crossing, Nebraska, USAGuyed500.4 IceCollapsed during an ice storm.[44]
a tower in RTI Lukang Branch south array, Lukang, Changhua, TaiwanFree-standing steel lattice tower75Typhoon Nesat[45]
a tower in RTI Lukang Branch north array, Lukang, Changhua, TaiwanFree-standing steel lattice tower125Typhoon Nesat
KDLO-TV Towers, Florence, South Dakota, USAGuyed steel lattice mast548.6 & 243.8Ice2 towers collapsed during an ice storm.[46]

Notes and References

  1. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951000919131k&view=1up&seq=217 "Fall of  a Wireless Telegraphy Tower  in  a Gale"
  2. Web site: Radio_Normandy. https://web.archive.org/web/20110220170755/http://www.offshoreechos.com/radionormandie/RadioNormandie14.htm. dead. 20 February 2011. 20 February 2011.
  3. Web site: WOAI San Antonio Texas - Engineering and Technology History Wiki. www.ieeeghn.org. 22 July 2014 .
  4. Web site: WOAI San Antonio Texas . Engineering and Technology History Wiki . 22 July 2014 . 6 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180704063134/http://ethw.org/WOAI_San_Antonio_Texas . 4 July 2018 . English.
  5. News: . 31 May 1959 . Heavy Damage But No Injuries As Violent Storm Hits in Hays . Hays Daily News . Hays, Kansas.
  6. News: April 1, 1966. KBIM Television Tower Is Toppled. Hobbs Daily News-Sun. December 15, 2021.
  7. Web site: Archived copy . 2016-12-27 . 2016-12-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161228032612/http://www.durenberger.com/documents/HIISLAND.pdf . dead .
  8. Web site: Moore . Sara Marie . 2016-10-18 . 1971 TV tower collapse survivor shares story . 2023-06-26 . Press Publications . en.
  9. Book: 陕西省志 第六十九卷 广播电视志 . May 1993 . 中国广播电视出版社 . 28 October 2023 . zh-cn . 第五篇 电视技术 · 第四章 发射复盖 · 第一节 直属发射系统.
  10. Book: 陕西省志 第六十九卷 广播电视志 . May 1993 . 中国广播电视出版社 . 27 October 2023 . zh-cn . 大事记(1935~1989).
  11. 乐俊旺 . 拉线式桅杆事故分析及处理 . 第十二届空间结构学术会议论文集 . 2008 . 878–880 . zh-cn.
  12. 李中平 . 刘坚 . 周敏辉 . 桅杆结构抗震、抗风和裹冰研究现状与展望 . 华南地震 . April 2014 . 34 . S1 . 41 . 10.13512/j.hndz.2014.supp.(I).008 . zh-cn . 1001-8662.
  13. Web site: 1989年-1991年大事记 . 驻马店市人民政府 . 19 November 2023 . zh-cn.
  14. News: 大西正明, 山田明広, 山下淳二. 鉄塔倒壊1ヶ月の真実. Facts about the transmission tower collapse, one month after the events. 四国新聞. Shikoku Shimbun. 1998-03-23. 2010-12-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20040813114626/http://www.shikoku-np.co.jp/feature/tuiseki/009/. 2004-08-13. ja.
  15. News: 2003-05-14 . Antenna tower sabotage follows cult-related threat . Mainichi.
  16. 吕升亮 . 王兴荣 . 陈晓平 . 程小泉 . 亳州市电视铁塔倒塌事故的气象原因 . 气象 . Apr 2001 . 2001 . 02 . 52–54 . zh-cn . 1000-0526.
  17. Web site: 半空中坠下电视塔砸死未入学的女大学生 . Sina . 26 October 2023 . zh-cn . 7 September 1999.
  18. Book: 临泉县志 . November 1994 . 黄山书社 . 7805358060 . zh-cn . 文化编 · 第五章 新闻 · 第四节 电视 .
  19. Web site: 安徽百米电视塔倒塌 . 4 January 2001 . 北方网 . 26 October 2023 . zh-cn.
  20. 余国成 . 席超波 . 宁叶 . 某电视调频塔倒塌事故原因分析 . 中外建筑 . 2005 . 6 . 116–117 . zh-cn . 1008-0422.
  21. Web site: Tower Collapse Slows DTV Project - 3/12/2007 - Broadcasting & Cable.
  22. Web site: 'Story' Meets a Cow!. 18 August 2015.
  23. https://web.archive.org/web/20080213191446/http://pahomepage.com/content/fulltext/?sid=ad33b5d15a314d89ba45b097f538d5ef&cid=22546 PAHomePage.com - Monday Morning WYOU and WBRE TV Signal Update
  24. Web site: Cause of Tower Collapse Still Unknown-Channel 7 News. https://web.archive.org/web/20080511160325/http://www.katv.com/news/stories/0108/487185.html. dead. 11 May 2008. 11 May 2008.
  25. Web site: 河北晋州遭暴雨袭击在建电视塔折断 . 福州新闻网 . 25 October 2023 . zh-cn . 26 July 2009.
  26. 年 . 生辉 . 玉树抗震救灾期间广播的应急播出方案 . 广播与电视技术 . December 2011 . 38 . 12 . 1002-4522 . 36–39 . 10.16171/j.cnki.rtbe.2011.12.005 . zh-cn.
  27. Web site: 青海省广播电视局920中波发射台报废资产 . 青海产权交易市场 . 22 November 2023 . zh-cn.
  28. Web site: Un incendio afectó a tres radios de FM . 2 October 2011 .
  29. Web site: Se incendiaron las antenas de dos radios de Hadad .
  30. Web site: Incendio dejó sin antena a tres radios de Buenos Aires | Sucesos .
  31. 某钢结构电视塔的风害倒塌分析 . 李天 . 樊嘉 . 吕艳霞 . 钢结构 . August 2017 . 32 . 8 . 80–83 . 10.13206/j.gjg201708017 . zh-cn . 2096-6865.
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