List of bodies of water by salinity explained

This is a list of bodies of water by salinity that is limited to natural bodies of water that have a stable salinity above 0.05%, at or below which water is considered fresh.

Water salinity often varies by location and season, particularly with hypersaline lakes in arid areas, so the salinity figures in the table below should be interpreted as an approximate indicator.

Salinity, g/100 g (%)NameTypeRegion or countriesRefs
20.0–50.0Lake Eltonsalt lakeAstrakhan Oblast, Russia[1]
43.3 [2] [3]
40.0 salt lake
35.0 [4]
34.8 salt lake [5]
33.8 salt lake Antarctica [6]
33.7 salt lake Israel, Jordan, Palestine[7]
32.4 Lake Tuz (Tuz Gölü)salt lake Turkey[8]
31.7 salt lake [9]
30.0 salt lake [10]
30.0 salt lake [11] [12]
8.50–28.0 salt lake [13]
27.0 salt lake [14]
18.0 salt lake [15]
15.3 salt lake [16]
0.00–14.6 [17]
14.2 salt lake Great Basin, Utah, United States
12.0 salt lakeGreat Basin, Oregon, United States[18]
9.50 salt lake [19]
8.80salt lake Great Basin, California, United States [20]
6.60lagoon [21]
4.40 salt lake Great Basin, California, United States [22]
4.10–4.50 salt lake [23]
3.80 Southern Europe, Levant, North Africa[24]
3.60–4.10 mediterranean sea [25]
3.00–4.00 salt lake [26]
3.40–3.60 Worldwide [27]
3.50+ Australia [28] [29]
3.40 [30]
2.80–3.20 North of Alaska and Canada[31]
2.20 mediterranean sea Between the Balkan Peninsula and the Anatolian peninsula[32]
3.17 lagoon [33]
1.30–2.30 mediterranean sea [34]
2.30 salt lake Turkey [35]
1.40Qinghai Lakesalt lakeChina[36]
1.25 salt lakeEastern Europe/ Western Asia[37]
1.14 salt lake Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan[38]
1.00–1.20 mediterranean sea [39] [40]
0.8–1.0 marginal seaNorthern Europe[41] [42]
0.59 salt lakeKyrgyzstan, Central Asia[43] [44]

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Lake Elton Biosphere Reserve, Russian Federation . 2023-11-14 . www.unesco.org . en.
  2. Perez. Eduardo. Chebude. Yonas. Chemical Analysis of Gaet'ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth. Aquatic Geochemistry. April 2017. 23. 2. 109–117. 10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z. 132715553.
  3. Web site: Guinness World Records .
  4. Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea. Aladin . Nicolai . Plotnikov . Igor . 28 June 2004. 6. 4 May 2018.
  5. Web site: Woodward. Susan L.. Saline Lakes. Biomes of the World. Department of Geospatial Science, Radford University. 4 May 2018. Radford, Virginia.
  6. Book: Hammer. U.T.. Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World . 1986. Springer . 9789061935353. 109. 27 March 2018.
  7. Goetz, P.W. (ed.) The New Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.). Vol. 3, p. 937. Chicago, 1986
  8. Web site: Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2020 . Unesco World Heritage Center. 5 May 2020.
  9. White. James S.. Null. Sarah E.. Tarboton. David. More than Meets the Eye: Managing Salinity in Great Salt Lake, Utah. LakeLine. 2004. Fall 2004. 25–29. 26 April 2018.
  10. Web site: Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky - Russian Nature Reserve.
  11. Web site: About Lacu Sărat.
  12. Web site: Observator on Lacu Sărat.
  13. Web site: Lake Urmia . 2012 . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 28 August 2012.
  14. Williams . Timothy J . Allen . Michelle A . DeMaere . Matthew Z . Kyrpides . Nikos C . Tringe . Susannah G . Woyke . Tanja . Cavicchioli . Ricardo . Microbial ecology of an Antarctic hypersaline lake: genomic assessment of ecophysiology among dominant haloarchaea . The ISME Journal . Springer Science and Business Media LLC . 8 . 8 . 20 February 2014 . 1751-7362 . 10.1038/ismej.2014.18 . 1645–1658. 24553470 . 4817606 . free .
  15. https://web.archive.org/web/20120222043436/http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/little-manitou-lake Little Manitou Lake
  16. Dotsika . E. . Maniatis . Y. . Tzavidopoulos . E. . Poutoukis . D. . Albanakis . K. . Hydrogeochemical Condition of the Pikrolimni Lake (Kilkis Greece) . Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece . 1 January 2004 . 36 . 1 . 192–195 . 10.12681/bgsg.16618 . free .
  17. Schutte . C.A. . Samarkin . V.A. . Peters . B. . Madigan . M.T. . Bowles . M. . Morgan-Kiss . R. . Casciotti . K. . Joye . S. . Vertical stratification and stability of biogeochemical processes in the deep saline waters of Lake Vanda, Antarctica . Limnology and Oceanography . 1 March 2020 . 65 . 3 . 569–581 . 10.1002/lno.11327 . free .
  18. https://books.google.com/books?id=1gnoz2Rx3-MC&pg=PP3 Solute Balance at Abert and Summer Lakes, South-Central Oregon
  19. Web site: Lacul Techirghiol.
  20. Willever . Katherine . Biogeochemistry of a Saline, Alkaline, Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition; Walker Lake, Nevada . UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones . 1 August 2016 . 10.34917/9302977 . free .
  21. Suosaari. Erica. Reid. Pamela . Playford. Phillip. etal. New multi-scale perspectives on the stromatolites of Shark Bay, Western Australia. Scientific Reports . 2016. 6. 20557. 20557. 10.1038/srep20557. 26838605 . 4738353. 2016NatSR...620557S.
  22. Web site: The Salton Sea. The Salton Sea Authority. October 1997.
  23. El-Serehy. Hamed A.. Abdallah. Hala S.. Al-Misned. Fahad A.. Irshad. Rizwan. Al-Farraj. Saleh A.. Almalki. Esam S.. 2018. Aquatic ecosystem health and trophic status classification of the Bitter Lakes along the main connecting link between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. en. 25. 2. 204–212. 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.004. 29472766. 5816010. 1319-562X. free.
  24. News: Ocean salinity. Science Learning Hub. 2017-07-02. en.
  25. The salinity of hypersaline brines: Concepts and misconceptions. A. Anati. David. March 1999. International Journal of Salt Lake Research. 8. 55–70. 10.1023/A:1009059827435.
  26. https://books.google.com/books?id=-rtoFIsImzoC&dq=lake+natron+salinity&pg=PA38 The Biology and Culture of Tilapias: Proceedings of the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management
  27. Web site: Ocean salinity.
  28. Web site: Floods of Lake Eyre . k26press.
  29. When full, Lake Eyre salinity is the same as oceans; due to a 45cm thick salt layer when dry, it rises as water evaporates.
  30. Web site: Nutrient and Ecosystem Dynamics in Ireland's Only Marine Nature Reserve (NEIDIN).
  31. Web site: Beaufort Sea. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian).
  32. Web site: Sea of Marmara. 25 March 2021.
  33. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/1662/1/IJMS%2033%282%29%20164-169.pdf Indian Journal of Marine Sciences - Variation of Water Quality of Chilika Lake, Orissa
  34. http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/B/L/BlackSea.htm Black Sea - Encyclopedia of Ukraine
  35. Porewater salinity reveals past lake-level changes in Lake Van, the Earth's largest soda lake . Yama . Tomonaga . Scientific Reports . 7 . 7 . 313 . 10.1038/s41598-017-00371-w . 28331216 . 5428207 . 22 March 2017 . 2017NatSR...7..313T.
  36. Zhang . Renyi . Ludwig . Arne . Zhang . Cunfang . Tong . Chao . Li . Guogang . Tang . Yongtao . Peng . Zuogang . Zhao . Kai . Local adaptation of Gymnocypris przewalskii (Cyprinidae) on the Tibetan Plateau . Scientific Reports . 6 May 2015 . 5 . 1 . 9780 . 10.1038/srep09780 . 25944748 . 4421831 . 2015NatSR...5E9780Z .
  37. http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/133415.pdf Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea (2004)
  38. Encyclopedia: Orlovsky . Leah . 28 . 107–140 . Matsrafi . Offir . Orlovsky . Nikolai . Kouznetsov . Michael . Sarykamysh Lake: Collector of Drainage Water – the Past, the Present, and the Future . The Turkmen Lake Altyn Asyr and Water Resources in Turkmenistan . 2014 . Springer-Verlag . Berlin/Heidelberg . 10.1007/698_2012_191. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry . 978-3-642-38606-0 .
  39. Web site: Climatological Atlas of the Sea of Azov. National Oceanographic Data Centre. 2008-01-06.
  40. Book: Kosarev . Andrey G. . Kostianoy . Aleksey N. . The Black Sea Environment . Springer . 2007 . 978-3-540-74291-3 .
  41. http://www.borenv.net/BER/pdfs/ber14/ber14-125.pdf Long Term Temperature & Salinity Records from the Baltic Sea Transition Zone
  42. Some bays have considerably lower salinity.
  43. https://fakty-o.ru/ozero-issyk-kul-kirgiziya Facts about Kyrgyzstan (in Russian)
  44. Deeper water areas of lake Issyk Kul have higher salinity

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