List of bishops, prince-bishops and administrators of Lübeck explained

The following persons were Bishops of the Diocese of Oldenburg or Lübeck (until 1180), Prince-Bishops of the diocese of Lübeck and the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck (1180–1535), Lutheran Administrators of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck without pastoral function, and pastoral chairmen of the Evangelical Lutheran State Church in the Region of Lübeck.

Titles of the incumbents of the Lübeck See

Not all incumbents of the Lübeck See were imperially invested princely power as Prince-Bishops and not all were papally confirmed as bishops. In 1180 part of the Lübeck diocesan territory were disentangled from the Duchy of Saxony and became an own territory of imperial immediacy called Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck, a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire. The prince-bishopric was an elective monarchy, with the monarch being the respective bishop usually elected by the Lübeck cathedral chapter, and confirmed by the Holy See, or exceptionally only appointed by the Holy See. Papally confirmed bishops were then invested by the emperor with the princely regalia, thus the title prince-bishop. However, sometimes the respective incumbent of the see never gained a papal confirmation, but was still invested the princely regalia. Also the opposite occurred with a papally confirmed bishop, never invested as prince. A number of incumbents, elected by the chapter, neither achieved papal confirmation nor imperial investiture, but as a matter of fact nevertheless de facto held the princely power. The respective incumbents of the see bore the following titles:

Catholic Bishops of Oldenburg (Aldinborg/Starigard) till 1160

BishopsLifeReignNotesImageCoat-of-arms
Bishops of Oldenburg (Aldinborg/Starigard)
Mareus952–968 also Marcus, Marko
Ekward968–974 
Wago974–983 
Egizo983–988 
Volkward989–990 
Reginbert992–1013 
Bernard1013–1023 German: Bernhard
Reynald1023–1030 German: Reinhold
Meinher1030–1038 
Abelin1038–1048 
Ehrenfried1051–1066 
sede vacante1066–1149 
Vicelinusca. 1090–11541149–1154 After Oldenburg's destruction by the Danes in 1149 the see provisionally moved to St. Peter's Church in Bosau, built in 1151
Gerald of Oldenburg (Lübeck)1155–1163 In 1156 Gerald started the construction of St. John's Cathedral in Oldenburg. In 1160 the see moved to Lübeck

Catholic Bishops of Lübeck (1160–1180)

BishopsLifeReignNotesImageCoat-of-arms
Bishops of Lübeck
Gerald of Oldenburg (Lübeck)1155–1163 In 1156 Gerald started the construction of St. John's Cathedral in Oldenburg. In 1160 the see moved to Lübeck
Conrad of Riddagshausen
as Conrad I		1164–1172 under his reign Lübeck's St. Peter's Church, the city's second main church, was established
Henry of Brussels
as Henry I		1172–1182 on his Holy Orders Duke Henry the Lion laid the cornerstone for the Lübeck Cathedral

Catholic Prince-Bishops of Lübeck (1180–1535)

Catholic Prince-Bishops of Lübeck (1180–1535)
Prince-BishopsLifeReignNotesImageCoat-of-arms
Henry of Brussels
as Henry I		1172–1182 on his Holy Orders Duke Henry the Lion laid the cornerstone for the Lübeck Cathedral
Conrad II1183–1184 
Theodoric I1186–1210 German: Dietrich I.
Bertold1210–1230 German: Berthold
John I1230/1231–1247 German: Johannes I.
Albert Suerbeer
as Albert I		b. ca. 12001247–1253  before Archbishop of Armagh (1240–1246), Administrator of the Diocese of Chiemsee (1246–1247), later Prince-Archbishop of Riga (1253–1273)
John of Diest
as John II		1254–1259 German: Johannes II., also Dyst or Deest, d. 21 September 1259
John of Tralau
as John III		1260–1276 German: Johannes III., also Tralowe, d. 4 January 1276; Rudolph I, King of the Germans invested him with the princely regalia for the prince-bishopric, founder of the prince-episcopal castle in Eutin
Burkhard of Serkemb. ca. 12361276–1317 double tomb with Johannes Mul (1341–50)
Heinrich Bochholt
as Henry II		1317–1341 
Johannes Mul
as John IV		b. ca. 12911341–1350 German: Johannes IV., also Muel or Muhl; double tomb with Burkhard of Serkem (1341–1350)
Bertram Cremon1350–1377 d. 5 January 1377
Nicolaus Vollkrathen
as Nicholas I		?–13921377–1379 German: Nikolaus I., also named Ziegenbock, since 1379 Bishop of Meissen
Conrad of Geisenheim
as Conrad III		1379–1386 also Gysenheim, Giesenheim, Beymondi; b. in Geisenheim, d. 30 May 1386 in Lübeck.
John of Klenedenst
as John V		1386–1387 German: Johannes V., also Clendenst, Kleendienst, or Kleindienst, b. in Lübeck, d. 3 August 1387 ibidem.
Eberhard Attendorn
as Eberhard I		1387–1399 also Everhardus de Atendorn, Evert von Attenderen, Athendorn; b. in Lübeck, d. on 21 March 1399.
Johann Hundebeke
as John VI		1399–1420 German: Johannes VI., also Dülmen, Johann Dulmen, b. in Dülmen, d. 1 January 1420 in Lübeck
Johannes Schele
as John VII		b. ca. 1385/13901420–1439 German: Johannes VII.
Nicolaus Sachau
as Nicholas II		b. ca. 13851439–1449 German: Nikolaus II., also Czachow
Arnold Westphalb. 13991450–1466 
Albert Krummendiek
as Albert II		b. 1417/14181466–1489 also Krummediek; donated the triumphal cross created by Bernt Notke in the Lübeck Cathedral in 1477
Thomas Groteb. ca. 14251489–1492 
Dietrich Arndes
as Theodoric II		b. 14421492–1506 also Diderich Arnd, Theodorich Arndes, Arends
Wilhem Westphalb. 14431506–1509 
Johannes Grimholt
as John VIII		ca. 14501510–1523 German: Johannes VIII., also Grymmolt or Grymmelt
Heinrich Bockholt
as Henry III		b. 14631523–1535  also Bokholt, Bokhold, Buchholtz; since 1531 the Free City of Lübeck adopted Lutheranism and inhibited Catholic pastoring in its part of the Lübeck diocese

Catholic and Lutheran Prince-Bishops of Lübeck (1535–1586)

Catholic and Lutheran Prince-Bishops of Lübeck (1535–1586)
Prince-BishopsLifeReignNotesImageCoat-of-arms
Detlev von Reventlowb. ca. 14851535–1535 also Ditlev; first Lutheran prince-bishop, started the Protestant Reformation in the diocese of Lübeck
Balthasar Rantzauca. 14971536–1547  papally confirmed
Jodokus Hodfilterb. 15001547–1551  also Hodefilter, papally confirmed
Theodor von Rheden
as Theodoric III		b. 1492–15561551–1554  also Theodorich, Dietrich von Reden, papally confirmed, resigned
sede vacante1554–1556 
Andreas von Barbyb. 15081556–1559  not papally confirmed
Johannes Tiedemann
as John IX		1559–1561 German: Johannes IX, papally confirmed, double epitaph with his brothers and capitular canon in Lübeck and Ratzeburg Christopher Tiedemann (d. 1561)
Eberhard von Holle
as Eberhard II		b. 1531/15321561–1586 papally confirmed; completed the Protestant Reformation in the prince-bishopric proper

Lutheran Administrators of the Prince-Bishopric (1586–1803)

Administrators of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck
AdministratorsLifeReignNotesImageCoat-of-arms
John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp1575–16161586–1607  also Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1589–1596) and co-ruling Duke of Holstein and of Schleswig (1590–1616)
John Frederick of Holstein-Gottorpb. 15791607–1634  also administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1596–1634) and the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1631–1634)
John X of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorpb. 16061634–1655  German: Hans
Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp1641–16951655–1666  also co-ruling Duke of Holstein and Schleswig (1659–1695)
August Frederick of Holstein-Gottorpb. 16461666–1705 
Christian August of Holstein-Gottorpb. 16731705–1726 
Charles August of Holstein-Gottorpb. 17061726–1727 
Adolf Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp1710–17711727–1750 King of Sweden since 1751
Frederick August I, Duke of Oldenburgb. 17111750–1785  by the Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo in 1773 also ruling the Duchy of Oldenburg
Peter Frederick Louis, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp1755–18291785–1803  in 1803 secularised to Principality of Lübeck within the Duchy of Oldenburg; also Duke of Oldenburg (1823–1829)

Chairperson of the Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Lübeck (Eutin) (1921–77)

Duke Frederick August and his successors served as summus episcopus of the Lutheran church of the Duchy of Oldenburg, including the Principality of Lübeck. After the abdication of the Duke in 1918 the Lutheran church in the principality seceded as Evangelical Lutheran State Church of the Region of Lübeck within the Free State of Oldenburg with effect of 19 May 1921.
Pastoral chairperson of the Evangelical Lutheran State Church of the Region of Lübeck (Eutin)[1]
Land Provosts/BishopsLifeTermNotesImageCoat-of-arms
Paul Rahtgens1867–19291921–1929  titled Superintendent and later Land Provost, the new office was established after summepiscopacy (monarchic governorate of the Lutheran church) ended with the abdication of Oldenburg's monarchs
Wilhelm Kieckbusch1891–19871930–1978  titled Land Provost (1930–61), thereafter Bishop
On 1 January 1978 the Evangelical Lutheran State Church merged with other neighbouring Landeskirchen in the new North Elbian Evangelical Lutheran Church, which also staffed a position titled Bishop of Lübeck and Holstein between 1978 and 2008.

Sources

Notes

  1. Seceded from the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg first as Evangelical Lutheran State Church of the Region of Lübeck within the Free State of Oldenburg (as of 1921), after 1937 renamed to Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Eutin.

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