This is a list of birds species recorded in the archipelago of Cuba, which consists of the main island of Cuba and over 1000 smaller cays and islands. The confirmed avifauna of Cuba included a total of 407 species as of May 2023 according to the Annotated Checklist of the Birds of Cuba.[1] Of them, 25 are endemic, 15 have been introduced by humans, and 151 are noted as rare. Thirty-two endemic subspecies of more widespread species are noted. Two species are known to be extinct and two others possibly are. An additional 13 species are classed as hypothetical. Fifteen species are globally threatened.
This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS).[2] Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list, except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them. Additional accidental species have been added from different sources.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories of occurrence.
Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dendrocygna viduata | (R) | ||||
| Dendrocygna autumnalis | (R) | ||||
| Dendrocygna arborea | vulnerable | ||||
| Dendrocygna bicolor | |||||
| Anser caerulescens | (R) | ||||
| Anser albifrons | (R) | ||||
| Branta bernicla | (R) | ||||
| Branta canadensis | (R) | ||||
| Cygnus columbianus | (R) | ||||
| Cairina moschata | (I) | ||||
| Aix sponsa | |||||
| Spatula discors | |||||
| Spatula cyanoptera | (R) | ||||
| Spatula clypeata | |||||
| Mareca strepera | (R) | ||||
| Mareca penelope | (R) | ||||
| Mareca americana | |||||
| Anas platyrhynchos | (R) | ||||
| Anas rubripes | (H) | ||||
| Anas bahamensis | |||||
| Anas acuta | |||||
| Anas crecca | |||||
| Aythya valisineria | (R) | ||||
| Aythya americana | (R) | ||||
| Aythya collaris | |||||
| Aythya marila | (H) | ||||
| Aythya affinis | |||||
| Melanitta perspicillata | (R) | ||||
| Melanitta deglandi | (R) | ||||
| Bucephala albeola | (R) | ||||
| Bucephala clangula | (H) | ||||
| Lophodytes cucullatus | (R) | ||||
| Mergus merganser | (R) | ||||
| Mergus serrator | |||||
| Nomonyx dominicus | |||||
| Oxyura jamaicensis |
Order: GalliformesFamily: Numididae
Guineafowls are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled gray plumage.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numida meleagris | (I) |
Order: GalliformesFamily: Odontophoridae
The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colinus virginianus cubanensis | (Es) near-threatened |
Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls, and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phasianus colchicus | (I) |
Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3to tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside down.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phoenicopterus ruber |
Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tachybaptus dominicus | |||||
| Podilymbus podiceps |
Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Columba livia | (I) | ||||
| Patagioenas squamosa | |||||
| Patagioenas leucocephala | near-threatened | ||||
| Patagioenas inornata | near-threatened | ||||
| Streptopelia decaocto | (I) | ||||
| Ectopistes migratorius | extinct | ||||
| Columbina passerina | |||||
| Starnoenas cyanocephala | (E) endangered | ||||
| Geotrygon montana | |||||
| Geotrygon caniceps | (E) vulnerable | ||||
| Geotrygon chrysia | |||||
| Zenaida asiatica | |||||
| Zenaida aurita | |||||
| Zenaida macroura |
Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crotophaga ani | |||||
| Coccyzus americanus | |||||
| Coccyzus minor | |||||
| Coccyzus erythropthalmus | (R) | ||||
| Coccyzus merlini |
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chordeiles minor | |||||
| Chordeiles gundlachii | |||||
| Antrostomus carolinensis | |||||
| Antrostomus cubanensis | The two subspecies in Cuba are considered a separate species, Cuban nightjar, by Navarro | ||||
| Antrostomus vociferus | (R) |
Order: NyctibiiformesFamily: Nyctibiidae
The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nyctibius jamaicensis | (R) |
Order: ApodiformesFamily: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cypseloides niger | |||||
| Streptoprocne zonaris | |||||
| Chaetura pelagica | (R) near-threatened | ||||
| Tachornis phoenicobia iradii | (Es) |
Order: ApodiformesFamily: Trochilidae
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Archilochus colubris | (R) | ||||
| Mellisuga helenae | (E) near-threatened | ||||
| Nesophlox evelynae | (R) | ||||
| Riccordia ricordii ricordii | (Es) |
Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyanolimnas cerverai | (E) Critically endangered | ||||
| Pardirallus maculatus | |||||
| Rallus elegans ramsdeni | (Es) Near-threatened | ||||
| Rallus crepitans | |||||
| Rallus limicola | (R) | ||||
| Porzana carolina | |||||
| Gallinula galeata | |||||
| Fulica americana | |||||
| Porphyrio martinica | |||||
| Haplocrex flaviventer | |||||
| Laterallus jamaicensis | (R) Near-threatened |
Order: GruiformesFamily: Aramidae
The limpkin resembles a large rail. It has drab-brown plumage and a grayer head and neck.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aramus guarauna |
Order: GruiformesFamily: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched rather than retracted.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antigone canadensis nesiotes | (Es) |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Himantopus mexicanus | |||||
| Recurvirostra americana |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haematopus palliatus |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pluvialis squatarola | |||||
| Pluvialis dominica | (R) | ||||
| Charadrius vociferus | |||||
| Charadrius semipalmatus | |||||
| Charadrius melodus | near-threatened | ||||
| Charadrius wilsonia | |||||
| Charadrius nivosus | near-threatened |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of waders which are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jacana spinosa |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bartramia longicauda | (R) | ||||
| Numenius phaeopus | |||||
| Numenius americanus | (R) | ||||
| Limosa haemastica | (R) | ||||
| Limosa fedoa | (R) | ||||
| Arenaria interpres | |||||
| Calidris canutus | near-threatened | ||||
| Calidris pugnax | (R) | ||||
| Calidris himantopus | |||||
| Calidris ferruginea | (H) | ||||
| Calidris alba | |||||
| Calidris alpina | (R) | ||||
| Calidris minutilla | |||||
| Calidris fuscicollis | |||||
| Calidris subruficollis | (R) near-threatened | ||||
| Calidris melanotos | |||||
| Calidris pusilla | near-threatened | ||||
| Calidris mauri | |||||
| Limnodromus griseus | |||||
| Limnodromus scolopaceus | |||||
| Gallinago delicata | |||||
| Actitis macularius | |||||
| Tringa solitaria | |||||
| Tringa flavipes | |||||
| Tringa semipalmata | |||||
| Tringa melanoleuca | |||||
| Phalaropus tricolor | (R) | ||||
| Phalaropus lobatus | (R) | ||||
| Phalaropus fulicarius | (R) |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stercorarius maccormicki | (R) | ||||
| Stercorarius pomarinus | (R) | ||||
| Stercorarius parasiticus | (R) | ||||
| Stercorarius longicaudus | (R) |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Alcidae
Auks are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture, and some of their habits.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alle alle | (R) |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, kittiwakes, terns and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rissa tridactyla | (R) | ||||
| Xema sabini | (R) | ||||
| Chroicocephalus philadelphia | (R) | ||||
| Chroicocephalus ridibundus | (R) | ||||
| Leucophaeus atricilla | |||||
| Leucophaeus pipixcan | (R) | ||||
| Larus delawarensis | |||||
| Larus argentatus | |||||
| Larus fuscus | (R) | ||||
| Larus marinus | (R) | ||||
| Anous stolidus | |||||
| Onychoprion fuscata | |||||
| Onychoprion anaethetus | |||||
| Sternula antillarum | |||||
| Phaetusa simplex | (R) | ||||
| Gelochelidon nilotica | |||||
| Hydroprogne caspia | |||||
| Chlidonias niger | (R) | ||||
| Sterna dougallii | (R) | ||||
| Sterna hirundo | |||||
| Sterna paradisaea | (R) | ||||
| Sterna forsteri | |||||
| Thalasseus maxima | |||||
| Thalasseus sandvicensis | |||||
| Rynchops niger |
Order: PhaethontiformesFamily: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phaethon lepturus | (R) | ||||
| Phaethon aethereus | (R) |
Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae
Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. It is the size of a large duck or small goose, which it somewhat resemble when swimming, but is completely unrelated to these waterfowl.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gavia immer | (R) |
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae
The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oceanites oceanicus | (R) |
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae
Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrobates leucorhous | (R) | ||||
| Hydrobates castro | (R) |
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pterodroma hasitata | (R) | ||||
| Calonectris diomedea | (R) | ||||
| Ardenna griseus | (R) near-threatened | ||||
| Ardenna gravis | (R) | ||||
| Puffinus lherminieri | (R) |
Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mycteria americana | (R) |
Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white, or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fregata magnificens |
Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sula dactylatra | (R) | ||||
| Sula leucogaster | |||||
| Sula sula | (R) | ||||
| Morus bassanus | (R) |
Order: SuliformesFamily: Anhingidae
Anhingas are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape, and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anhinga anhinga |
Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colorful.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nannopterum auritum | |||||
| Nannopterum brasilianum |
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pelecanus erythrorhynchos | |||||
| Pelecanus occidentalis |
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Botaurus lentiginosus | |||||
| Ixobrychus exilis | |||||
| Ardea herodias | |||||
| Ardea alba | |||||
| Egretta thula | |||||
| Egretta caerulea | |||||
| Egretta tricolor | |||||
| Egretta rufescens | Near-threatened | ||||
| Bubulcus ibis | |||||
| Butorides virescens | |||||
| Nycticorax nycticorax | |||||
| Nyctanassa violacea |
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eudocimus albus | |||||
| Eudocimus ruber | (R) | ||||
| Plegadis falcinellus | |||||
| Plegadis chihi | (R) | ||||
| Platalea ajaja |
Order: CathartiformesFamily: CathartidaeThe New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coragyps atratus | (R) | ||||
| Cathartes aura |
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pandion haliaetus |
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chondrohierax wilsonii | (E) | ||||
| Elanoides forficatus | |||||
| Circus hudsonius | |||||
| Accipiter striatus fringilloides | (Es) | ||||
| Accipiter cooperii | (R) | ||||
| Accipiter gundlachi | (E) endangered | ||||
| Haliaeetus leucocephalus | (R) | ||||
| Ictinia mississippiensis | |||||
| Rostrhamus sociabilis | |||||
| Buteogallus gundlachii | (E) Near-threatened | ||||
| Buteo platypterus cubanensis | (Es) | ||||
| Buteo brachyurus | (R) | ||||
| Buteo swainsoni | (R) | ||||
| Buteo jamaicensis |
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tyto alba |
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margarobyas lawrencii | (E) | ||||
| Glaucidium siju | (E) | ||||
| Athene cunicularia | |||||
| Asio otus | (R) | ||||
| Asio stygius suguapa | (Es) | ||||
| Asio flammeus |
Order: TrogoniformesFamily: Trogonidae
The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Priotelus temnurus | (E) |
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Todidae
Todies are a group of small near passerine forest species endemic to the Caribbean. These birds have colorful plumage and resemble small kingfishers, but have flattened bills with serrated edges. They eat small prey such as insects and lizards.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Todus multicolor | (E) |
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae
Water kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Megaceryle alcyon |
Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melanerpes superciliaris | |||||
| Sphyrapicus varius | |||||
| Xiphidiopicus percussus | (E) | ||||
| Colaptes auratus chrysocaulosus | (Es) | ||||
| Colaptes fernandinae | (E) vulnerable | ||||
| Campephilus principalis bairdii | (Es) (R) critically endangered (possibly extinct) | ||||
| Dryocopus pileatus | (LC) (A) |
Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caracara plancus | |||||
| Falco sparverius sparveroides | (Es) | ||||
| Falco columbarius | |||||
| Falco peregrinus |
Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae
Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ara tricolor | extinct | ||||
| Ara chloropterus | (I) | ||||
| Ara ararauna | (I) | ||||
| Psittacara euops | (E) vulnerable | ||||
| Amazona leucocephala | near-threatened |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myiarchus crinitus | (R) | ||||
| Myiarchus sagrae | |||||
| Tyrannus melancholicus | (R) | ||||
| Tyrannus vociferans | (R) | ||||
| Tyrannus verticalis | (R) | ||||
| Tyrannus tyrannus | |||||
| Tyrannus dominicensis | |||||
| Tyrannus caudifasciatus caudifasciatus | (Es) | ||||
| Tyrannus cubensis | (E) endangered | ||||
| Tyrannus forficatus | (R) | ||||
| Tyrannus savana | (R) | ||||
| Contopus sordidulus | (R) | ||||
| Contopus virens | |||||
| Contopus caribaeus | |||||
| Empidonax flaviventris | (R) | ||||
| Empidonax virescens | |||||
| Empidonax alnorum | (R) | ||||
| Empidonax traillii | |||||
| Empidonax minimus | (R) | ||||
| Sayornis phoebe | (R) | ||||
| Pyrocephalus rubinus | (R) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble New World warblers apart from their heavier bills.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vireo griseus | |||||
| Vireo crassirostris | vulnerable | ||||
| Vireo gundlachii | (E) | ||||
| Vireo flavifrons | |||||
| Vireo solitarius | (R) | ||||
| Vireo philadelphicus | (R) | ||||
| Vireo gilvus | (R) | ||||
| Vireo olivaceus | |||||
| Vireo altiloquus |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corvus splendens | (R) | ||||
| Corvus minutus | |||||
| Corvus nasicus |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Riparia riparia | |||||
| Tachycineta bicolor | |||||
| Tachycineta cyaneoviridis | (R) | ||||
| Stelgidopteryx serripennis | |||||
| Progne subis | |||||
| Progne cryptoleuca | |||||
| Progne dominicensis | (R) | ||||
| Hirundo rustica | |||||
| Petrochelidon pyrrhonota | |||||
| Petrochelidon fulva cavicola | (Es) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Regulidae
The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corthylio calendula | (R) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of passerine birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bombycilla cedrorum |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Polioptilidae
These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, which nest in bushes or trees.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polioptila lembeyei | (E) | ||||
| Polioptila caerulea |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferminia cerverai | (E) endangered | ||||
| Troglodytes aedon | (R) | ||||
| Cistothorus palustris | (H) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae
The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their coloring tends towards dull-grays and browns.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dumetella carolinensis | |||||
| Toxostoma rufum | (R) | ||||
| Mimus gundlachii | (R) | ||||
| Mimus polyglottos |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sturnus vulgaris | (I) (R) | ||||
| Acridotheres tristis | (I) (R) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft-plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sialia sialis | (R) | ||||
| Myadestes elisabeth | (E) near-threatened | ||||
| Catharus fuscescens | (R) | ||||
| Catharus minimus | |||||
| Catharus bicknelli | vulnerable | ||||
| Catharus ustulatus | |||||
| Catharus guttatus | (R) | ||||
| Hylocichla mustelina | (R) | ||||
| Turdus migratorius | (R) | ||||
| Turdus plumbeus |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oenanthe oenanthe | (R) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in build and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lonchura punctulata | (I) | ||||
| Lonchura malacca | (I) | ||||
| Lonchura atricapilla | (I) (R) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passer domesticus | (I) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motacilla alba | (R) | ||||
| Anthus rubescens | (R) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haemorhous mexicanus | (I) (VR) | ||||
| Spinus tristis | (R) | ||||
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calcariidae
The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcarius lapponicus | (R) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae
Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammodramus savannarum | |||||
| Chondestes grammacus | (R) | ||||
| Spizella passerina | (R) | ||||
| Spizella pallida | (R) | ||||
| Junco hyemalis | (R) | ||||
| Zonotrichia leucophrys | |||||
| Zonotrichia querula | (R) | ||||
| Zonotrichia albicollis | (R) | ||||
| Passerculus sandwichensis | |||||
| Melospiza melodia | (R) | ||||
| Melospiza lincolnii | (R) | ||||
| Torreornis inexpectata | (E) endangered | ||||
| Pipilo chlorurus | (R) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Spindalidae
The members of this small family are native to the Greater Antilles. They were formerly classified as tanagers (family Thraupidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spindalis zena pretrei | (Es) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Teretistridae
These two species were formerly placed in the New World warblers (Parulidae) but were moved to their own family in 2017.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teretistris fernandinae | (E) | ||||
| Teretistris fornsi | (E) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteriidae
This species was historically placed in the New World warblers, but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was moved to its own family in 2017.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icteria virens | (R) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus | (R) | ||||
| Dolichonyx oryzivorus | |||||
| Sturnella magna hippocrepis | (Es) | ||||
| Icterus melanopsis | (E) | ||||
| Icterus spurius | |||||
| Icterus cucullatus | (R) | ||||
| Icterus mesomelas | (H) | ||||
| Icterus gularis | (R) | ||||
| Icterus galbula | |||||
| Agealaius phoeniceus | |||||
| Agelaius assimilis | (E) | ||||
| Agelaius humeralis | |||||
| Molothrus bonariensis | |||||
| Molothrus ater | (R) | ||||
| Ptiloxena atroviolacea | (E) | ||||
| Euphagus carolinus | (H) | ||||
| Quiscalus major | (R) | ||||
| Quiscalus mexicanus | (R) | ||||
| Quiscalus niger |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae
The New World warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seiurus aurocapilla | |||||
| Helmitheros vermivorum | |||||
| Parkesia motacilla | |||||
| Parkesia noveboracensis | |||||
| Vermivora bachmanii | critically endangered (possibly extinct) | ||||
| Vermivora chrysoptera | (R) Near-threatened | ||||
| Vermivora cyanoptera | (R) | ||||
| Mniotilta varia | |||||
| Protonotaria citrea | |||||
| Limnothlypis swainsonii | |||||
| Leiothlypis peregrina | |||||
| Leiothlypis celata | (R) | ||||
| Leiothlypis ruficapilla | (R) | ||||
| Leiothlypis virginiae | (R) | ||||
| Oporornis agilis | (R) | ||||
| Geothlypis philadelphia | (R) | ||||
| Geothlypis formosa | (R) | ||||
| Geothlypis trichas | |||||
| Setophaga citrina | |||||
| Setophaga ruticilla | |||||
| Setophaga kirtlandii | (R) near-threatened | ||||
| Setophaga tigrina | |||||
| Setophaga cerulea | (R) Vulnerable | ||||
| Setophaga americana | |||||
| Setophaga magnolia | |||||
| Setophaga castanea | (R) | ||||
| Setophaga fusca | (R) | ||||
| Setophaga petechia | |||||
| Setophaga pensylvanica | |||||
| Setophaga striata | |||||
| Setophaga caerulescens | |||||
| Setophaga palmarum | |||||
| Setophaga pityophila | |||||
| Setophaga pinus | (R) | ||||
| Setophaga coronata | |||||
| Setophaga dominica | |||||
| Setophaga discolor | |||||
| Setophaga nigrescens | (R) | ||||
| Setophaga townsendi | (R) | ||||
| Setophaga virens | |||||
| Cardellina canadensis | |||||
| Cardellina pusilla | (R) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Piranga rubra | |||||
| Piranga olivacea | |||||
| Piranga ludoviciana | (R) | ||||
| Pheucticus ludovicianus | |||||
| Pheucticus melanocephalus | (R) | ||||
| Passerina caerulea | |||||
| Passerina amoena | (R) | ||||
| Passerina cyanea | |||||
| Passerina ciris | near-threatened | ||||
| Spiza americana | (R) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thraupidae
The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food. Most have short, rounded wings.
| width=34% | Common name | width=34% | Binomial | width=32% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sicalis flaveola | (R) | ||||
| Volatinia jacarina | (R) | ||||
| Cyanerpes cyaneus | |||||
| Coereba flaveola | (R) | ||||
| Tiaris olivaceus | |||||
| Melopyrrha nigra | (Es) | ||||
| Phonipara canora | (E) | ||||
| Melanospiza bicolor | (R) |