List of battles fought in New Mexico explained

This list of battles fought in New Mexico is an incomplete list of military and other armed confrontations that have occurred within the boundaries of the modern U.S. State of New Mexico since European contact. The region was part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1535 to 1821, and then Mexico from 1821 to 1847. Over half of New Mexico was claimed by the Republic of Texas from 1836 to 1841, but control was never established in any form. Full administrative control of New Mexico was established on February 2, 1848 with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which ended the Mexican–American War.

The Mexican–American War, American Civil War, and Plains Indian Wars all directly affected the region during westward expansion.

Battles

Name	Date	Location	War	Campaign	Dead	Belligerents
Battle of Hawikku	July 7–12, 1540	near Zuni Pueblo	Spanish Colonization	Coronado Expedition	unknown	Kingdom of Spain vs Zuni people
Pueblo Revolt	August 10–21, 1680	Santa Fe de Nuevo México	Spanish Colonization		400+^[1]	Taos, Picuris, Jemez, Santa Clara, Kewa, Cochiti (aka Kotyit'), Tesuque, Ohkay Owingeh, Nambé pueblos & Apache vs Kingdom of Spain
Recapture of Santa Fe	December 29–30, 1693	Santa Fe	Spanish Colonization		89^[2]	Kingdom of Spain & Pecos vs Taos, Picuris, Jemez, Kha'p'oo Owinge, Kewa, Tesuque, Ohkay Owingeh & Nambé
Chimayó Rebellion	August 1–9, 1837	Rio Arriba County & Santa Fe County	Revolt of 1837		~23^[3]	New Mexico rebels & local Pueblo allies vs Mexico
Texan Santa Fe Expedition	June 19, 1841 - June 13, 1842	Comancheria & Santa Fe			unknown^[4]	Republic of Texas vs Mexico
Battle of El Brazito	December 25, 1846	near Las Cruces	Mexican–American War	New Mexico Campaign	43	Mexico vs United States of America
Battle of Cañada	January 24, 1847	Santa Cruz	Mexican–American War / Taos Revolt	New Mexico Campaign	38	United States of America vs Mexico & Pueblo
First Battle of Mora	January 24, 1847	Mora	Mexican–American War / Taos Revolt	New Mexico Campaign	26	United States of America vs Mexico
Second Battle of Mora	February 1, 1847	Mora	Mexican–American War / Taos Revolt	New Mexico Campaign	unknown^[5]	United States of America vs Mexico
Siege of Pueblo de Taos	February 3–5, 1847	Taos Pueblo	Mexican–American War / Taos Revolt	New Mexico Campaign	60+^[6]	United States of America vs Mexico
Red River Canyon Affair	May 26–27, 1847	Red River Canyon	Mexican–American War / Taos Revolt	New Mexico Campaign	25	United States of America vs Mexico, Pueblo,^[7] Apache, Kiowa, & Comanche
Las Vegas Affair	July 6, 1847	Las Vegas	Mexican–American War / Taos Revolt	New Mexico Campaign	10	United States of America vs Mexico
Cienega Affair	July 9, 1847	Cienega Creek near Taos	Mexican–American War / Taos Revolt	New Mexico Campaign	5+^[8]	United States of America vs Mexico & Pueblo^[9]
White Massacre	October 28, 1849	Tucumcari, New Mexico	American Indian Wars	Jicarilla War	5+^[10]	Ute & Jicarilla Apache vs American settlers
First Battle of Mesilla	July 25, 1861	Mesilla, New Mexico Territory (USA)	American Civil War		5-15	Confederate States of America vs United States of America
Battle of Canada Alamosa	September 24–25, 1861	San Ygnacio de la Alamosa	American Civil War		6	Confederate States of America vs United States of America
Skirmish near Fort Thorn, New Mexico Territory	September 26, 1861	near Fort Thorn	American Civil War		2	Confederate States of America vs United States of America
Battle of Valverde^[11]	February 20–21, 1862	near Fort Craig	American Civil War	New Mexico Campaign	104	Confederate States of America vs United States of America
Battle of Glorieta Pass^[12]	March 26–28, 1862	modern Santa Fe County & San Miguel County	American Civil War	New Mexico Campaign	101	United States of America vs Confederate States of America
Battle of Albuquerque	April 8–9, 1862	Albuquerque	American Civil War	New Mexico Campaign	1	United States of America vs Confederate States of America
Battle of Peralta	April 14, 1862	Peralta	American Civil War	New Mexico Campaign	5-6	United States of America vs Confederate States of America
Second Battle of Mesilla	July 1, 1862	Mesilla, Confederate Arizona	American Civil War		none known	United States of America vs Confederate States of America
Battle of Pecos River	January 4, 1864	near Fort Sumner	Navajo Wars		40	United States of America & Mescalero Apache vs Navajo people
Battle of Mount Gray	April 7, 1864	Mount Gray, modern Hidalgo County	Apache Wars / American Civil War	California Column	21	United States of America vs Apache
Skirmish in Doubtful Canyon	May 3, 1864	Hidalgo County	Apache Wars / American Civil War	California Column	10	United States of America vs Apache
Battle of Columbus	March 9, 1916	Columbus	Mexican Revolution	Mexican Border War (1910–1919)	~138	United States of America vs Mexican Revolutionaries

See also

• History of New Mexico
• Plains Indians Wars

Notes and References

1. Native Americans' casualties have not been recorded.
2. Nine rebels died during the fighting (two by suicide) and the Spanish executed 70 prisoners who had refused to surrender.
3. Governor Albino Pérez was captured by Kewa warriors as he and his few supporters fled Santa Fe after being unable to find support there. Pérez was decapitated and his head returned to Santa Fe for display. Two other government officials and about 20 of their supporters were also killed; Native American or New Mexicans killed during the revolt have not been recorded.
4. The Texan forces consisted of over 320 men and they were greatly outnumbered by a detachment of the Mexican Army numbering over 1,500 men. The Texan forces being taken as prisoners were forced to march to Veracruz which took an unknown toll on their numbers. Varying numbers of "Volunteers of the Texan Army Santa Fe Prisoners" are known to have left Mexico and returned to New Orleans.
5. No U.S. casualties were reported, but 17 Mexicans were reported killed or wounded.
6. Mexican and Native American casualties are estimated at 150 killed or wounded.
7. Specific groups have not been identified.
8. Mexican and Native Americans killed in action is unknown.
9. Specific groups have not been identified.
10. The exact number of settlers involved was not recorded. It is unknown if any Native Americans were killed in the action.
11. Web site: CWSAC Battle Summary: Valverde. 2013-02-07. National Park Service.
12. Web site: CWSAC Battle Summary: Glorieta Pass. 2013-02-07. National Park Service.