List of battles by casualties explained

The following is a list of the casualties count in battles or offensives in world history. The list includes both sieges (not technically battles but usually yielding similar combat-related or civilian deaths) and civilian casualties during the battles. Large battle casualty counts are usually impossible to calculate precisely, but few in this list may include somewhat precise numbers. Many of these figures, though, are estimates, and, where possible, a range of estimates is presented. Figures display numbers of all types of casualties when available (killed, wounded, missing, and sick) but may only include number killed due to a lack of total data on the event. Where possible, the list specifies whether or not prisoners are included in the count. This list does not include bombing campaigns/runs (such as the attack on Pearl Harbor and the bombing of Tokyo) or massacres such as the Rape of Nanjing, which, despite potentially massive casualties, are not typically classified as "battles", since they are usually one-sided engagements or the nation attacked is not officially at war with the attackers. Tactical or strategic strikes, however, may form part of larger engagements which are themselves battles, small campaigns or offensives.

For natural disasters, see List of natural disasters by death toll.

Sieges and urban combat

This list includes sieges, as well as modern battles fought primarily in urban areas. Major military operations that included city fighting are listed below. It is sorted by year.

Siege	data-sort-type="number" rowspan=2	Year	Conflict	Casualties
	data-sort-type="number"	(High est.)		data-sort-type="number"	(Low est.)
Siege of Tyre	332 BC		39,000 (including 13,000 enslaved civilians and 2,000 executed Persian soldiers)	34,000
Siege of Gaza	332 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	14,000	11,000
Siege of Syracuse (213–212 BC)	213-212 BC	Second Punic War	40,000 (including Archimedes)	9,000
Siege of Carthage	149-146 BC	Third Punic War	450,000 (including 50,000 civilians enslaved)	200,000
Siege of Athens and Piraeus	87–86 BC	Mithridatic Wars (First Mithridatic War)	400,000 (including prisoners)	200,000^[1]
Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)	63 BC	Mithridatic Wars (First Mithridatic War)	12,000+	5,000
Siege of Alesia	52 BC	Gallic Wars	200,000	100,000
Siege of Constantinople	data-sort-value="717"	626	Sasanian–Byzantine wars	95,000	70,000
Siege of Constantinople	data-sort-value="717"	717–718	Arab–Byzantine wars	170,000	130,000
Siege of Chandax	data-sort-value="717"	960-961	Arab–Byzantine wars	74,000	50,000
Siege of Yongzhou	data-sort-value="717"	1076	Lý-Song War	140,000	78,000^[2]
Siege of Nicaea	1097	First Crusade	11,000	4,000
Siege of Ma'arra	1098	First Crusade	45,000 (including civilians and soldiers executed and cannibalized)	25,000
Siege of Antioch	1097-1099	First Crusade	74,000	50,000
Siege of Jerusalem	1099	First Crusade	90,000	70,000
Siege of Tripoli	1099-1102	First Crusade	90,000	105,000
Siege of Bukhara	1220	Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire	30,000	15,000
Siege of Gurganj	1221	Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire	1,200,000	90,000
Siege of Baghdad	1258	Mongol invasions and conquests	2,000,000	90,000^[3] ^[4]
Siege of Acre	1291	Fall of Outremer	20,000	10,000
Siege of Caffa	data-sort-value="717"	1345-1347	Genoese–Mongol Wars	60,000	15,000
Siege of Golubac	1428	Ottoman–Hungarian wars	20,000	10,000
Siege of Constantinople	1453	Byzantine–Ottoman wars	54,000+	34,000+
Siege of Vijaya	1471	Champa–Đại Việt War (1471)	300,000+	130,000+
Siege of Tenochtitlan	1521	Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire	240,000	100,000^[5] ^[6]
Siege of Szigetvár	1566	Ottoman wars in Europe	33,000	23,000
Siege of Chittorgarh	1567–1568	Mughal-Rajput Wars (1558–1576)	40,000	35,000
Siege of Ulsan	1598	Imjin War	30,000	13,000
Siege of Nagykanizsa	1601	Long Turkish War	37,000	25,000
Siege of Ostend	1601–1604	Eighty Years' War	115,000	90,000
Siege of Osaka	1614-1615	Edo Period	500,000	110,000
Siege of La Rochelle	1627-1628	Huguenot rebellions	35,000	27,000
Capture of Maastricht	1632	Eighty Years' War	14,000	9,500
Siege of Candia	1648–1669	Cretan War	149,739	149,739
First siege of Anandpur	1700	Hill States-Sikh Wars	150,000+	150,000+
Siege of Toulon	1793	War of the First Coalition	21,400	7,400
Siege of Mantua	1796–1797	War of the First Coalition	51,000	51,000
Siege of Genoa	1800	War of the Second Coalition	28,000	28,000
Siege of Danzig	1807	War of the Fourth Coalition	17,900	17,900
Second Siege of Zaragoza	data-sort-value="1808"	1808–1809	Peninsular War	64,000^[7]	64,000
First Siege of Sevastopol	1854–1855	Crimean War	230,000^[8]	230,000
Third Battle of Nanking	1864	Taiping Rebellion	100,000^[9]	100,000
Siege of Petersburg	data-sort-value="1864"	1864–1865	American Civil War	70,000^[10]	70,000
Siege of Vicksburg	data-sort-value="1863"	1863	American Civil War	36,000	20,000
Battle of Gettysburg	data-sort-value="1863"	1863	American Civil War	50,000	50,000
Siege of Paris	data-sort-value="1870"	1871	Franco-Prussian War	332,142	229,000
Siege of Plevna	data-sort-value="1877"	1877	Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)	75,000^[11]	75,000
Siege of Port Arthur	data-sort-value="1904"	1904–1905	Russo-Japanese War	100,000^[12]	100,000
Siege of Adrianople	data-sort-value="1912"	1912–1913	First Balkan War	93,282^[13]	93,282
Siege of Liege	1914	World War I	25,300	6,000
Siege of Przemyśl	1914	World War I	253,000	253,000
Siege of Maubeuge	1914	World War I	94,000	51,000
Siege of Antwerp	1914	World War I	58,000	36,000
Siege of Kut	1915-1916	World War I	50,000	36,000
Battle of Taiyuan	1937	World War II	130,000^[14]	130,000
Battle of Xinkou	1937	World War II	200,000	200,000
Battle of Shanghai	1937	World War II	426,140^[15]	363,700^[16]
First Battle of Changsha	1939	World War II	80,000+	80,000+^[17]
Battle of Nanchang	1939	World War II	75,328^[18]	75,328
Battle of Dunkirk	1940	World War II	88,000^[19]	88,000
Battle of South Shanxi	1941	World War II	120,000+	120,000+^[20]
Siege of Tobruk	1941	World War II	18,600	16,500
Siege of Odessa	1941	World War II	133,813^[21]	133,813
Battle of Kiev	1941	World War II	761,783	761,783
Second Siege of Sevastopol	1941–1942	World War II	236,437	236,437
Third Battle of Changsha	1942	World War II	84,862^[22]	84,862
First Battle of Voronezh	1942	World War II	662,847	662,847
Battle of Stalingrad	data-sort-value="1942"	1942–1943	World War II	4,172,000^[23] ^[24]	1,250,000^[25]
Battle of Changde	1943	World War II	100,000	100,000^[26]
Battle of West Hubei	1943	World War II	115,830	115,830^[27]
Siege of Leningrad	data-sort-value="1941"	1941–1944	World War II	5,500,000^[28]	1,117,000^[29] ^[30]
Warsaw Uprising	1944	World War II	200,000+	200,000+^[31]
Siege of Budapest	data-sort-value="1944"	1944–1945	World War II	422,000	422,000^[32]
Battle of Berlin	1945	World War II	1,286,367 (including civilians)	1,286,367 (including civilians)
Battle of Okinawa	1945	World War II	240,000	130,000
Battle of Manila	1945	World War II	500,000^[33] ^[34]	100,000^[35] ^[36]
Battle of the Bulge	data-sort-value="1944"	1944–1945	World War II	218,900	161,370
Siege of Changchun	1948^[37]	Chinese Civil War	425,000^[38]	78,808^[39] ^[40] ^[41]
Siege of Basra	data-sort-value="1987"	1987	Iran–Iraq War	85,000	85,000
First Battle of Grozny	1994–1995	First Chechen War	33,192	32,000
Battle of Aleppo	2012–2016	Syrian Civil War	45,000^[42]	31,273^[43]
Battle of Mosul	2016–2017	War in Iraq (2013–2017)	71,355^[44] ^[45] ^[46]	18,200^[47]
Siege of Mariupol	2022	Russian Invasion of Ukraine	85,200^[48] ^[49] ^[50]	8,034^[51] ^[52] ^[53]
Battle of Bakhmut	2022–2023	Russian Invasion of Ukraine	165,600^[54]	146,050
Battle of Avdiivka	2023–2024	Russian Invasion of Ukraine	54,000^[55] ^[56]	21,000

Major operations

This list includes major operations and prolonged battles or operations fought over a large area or for a long time. The durations of some operations, like the Battle of Moscow, are disputed; so numbers found in various sources may differ for that reason alone.

Operation	Year	Conflict	date-sort-type=number	Casualties
Flanders and Rhine campaign		War of the Spanish Succession
Montenotte Campaign		War of the First Coalition	8,000+
Ulm Campaign		War of the Third Coalition	62,000
French invasion of Russia		Napoleonic Wars	920,000–1,040,000^[57]
German Campaign		War of the Sixth Coalition	745,000
Six Days' Campaign		War of the Sixth Coalition	80,000
Hundred Days		War of the Seventh Coalition	241,525
Peninsula Campaign		American Civil War	36,463^[58]
Battle of Chancellorsville		American Civil War	30,000^[59] –30,500
Overland Campaign		American Civil War	87,000^[60] –92,000
Appomattox Campaign		American Civil War	16,500
Battle of Liaoyang		Russo-Japanese War	33,100
Battle of Shaho		Russo-Japanese War	62,500
Battle of Mukden		Russo-Japanese War	160,000^[61]
Battle of Sandepu		Russo-Japanese War	22,400
Battle of Lule Burgas		First Balkan War	42,162+^[62]
First Battle of Çatalca		First Balkan War	22,000^[63]
Battle of Bregalnica		Second Balkan War	36,620
Battle of Kilkis-Lachanas		Second Balkan War	15,700
Serbian campaign	–1915	World War I	-1,587,000+
Battle of the Frontiers		World War I
Battle of Tannenberg		World War I	145,000^[64] –160,000^[65]
Battle of Galicia		World War I	–700,000
Battle of Cer		World War I	58,500-65,500
First Battle of the Marne		World War I	513,000^[66]
First Battle of the Aisne		World War I	+
Battle of the Yser		World War I	18,500+
First Battle of Ypres		World War I	210,000^[67]
Battle of Łódź		World War I	270,000 – 390,000
Battle of the Drina		World War I	70,000
Battle of the Vistula River		World War I	214,480
Battle of Limanowa		World War I	251,120
First Battle of Champagne	–1915	World War I	139,532
Battle of Sarikamish	–1915	World War I	60,000—85,000^[68]
Carpathian Front		World War I	930,751
Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes		World War I	216,200
Second Battle of Ypres		World War I	104,208^[69] –107,000^[70]
Gallipoli Campaign		World War I	503,000–552,000^[71]
Second Battle of Artois		World War I	186,000
Second Battle of Champagne–Third Battle of Artois		World War I	75,000–440,000
Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive		World War I	300,000–1,087,000
Great Retreat (Russian)		World War I	1,943,800+
Serbian Campaign		World War I	including prisoners^[72]
Erzurum offensive		World War I	80,000—85,000
Battle of Erzincan		World War I	63,000
Battle of Mont Sorrel		World War I	14,000
Battle of Verdun		World War I	755,000^[73] –976,000
Battle of Asiago		World War I	250,000
Brusilov offensive		World War I	1,500,000–2,500,000^[74]
Battle of the Somme		World War I	1,120,000^[75] –1,215,000
Monastir Offensive		World War I	111,000^[76]
Romanian Campaign	–1917	World War I	240,000–933,000, including prisoners
Nivelle Offensive		World War I	354,000^[77]
Second Battle of the Aisne		World War I	350,000–463,000
Battle of Arras		World War I	278,000–288,000
Battle of Messines		World War I	42,000^[78] ^[79]
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo		World War I	200,000^[80]
Third Battle of Ypres		World War I	585,000+^[81]
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo		World War I	273,000
Battle of Caporetto		World War I	60,000^[82]
Battle of Cambrai		World War I	95,000
German spring offensive		World War I	1,539,000^[83]
Operation Michael		World War I	494,616
Battle of the Lys		World War I	204,300–228,340
Third Battle of the Aisne		World War I	257,000
Second Battle of the Piave River		World War I	killed and wounded, 73,729 prisoners
Second Battle of the Marne		World War I	288,000
Battle of Soissons		World War I	287,259
Hundred Days Offensive		World War I	2,240,000
Meuse–Argonne offensive		World War I	318,000
Battle of Warsaw		Polish–Soviet War	About 130,000, not including prisoners^[84]
Invasion of Manchuria		Second Sino-Japanese War	35,000
Asturias Offensive		Spanish Civil War	50,000
Battle of Jarama		Spanish Civil War	40,000
Battle of Guadalajara		Spanish Civil War	12,000^[85]
Aragon Offensive	–1938	Spanish Civil War	205,000, including prisoners
Battle of Teruel	–1938	Spanish Civil War	110,000
Levante Offensive		Spanish Civil War	25,000
Battle of the Ebro		Spanish Civil War	106,500^[86]
Battle of Xuzhou		Second Sino-Japanese War	130,000^[87]
1938 Yellow River Flood		Second Sino-Japanese War	800,000^[88]
Battle of Wuhan		Second Sino-Japanese War	550,000–700,000^[89] ^[90]
Battles of Khalkhin Gol		Soviet–Japanese border conflicts	42,000–75,000^[91] ^[92]
Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang		Second Sino-Japanese War	49,000
Invasion of Poland		World War II	310,000^[93] –914,000^[94]
Battle of the Bzura	1939	World War II	232,000^[95] –234,000
Winter Offensive	–1940	World War II	100,000+^[96]
Operation Weserübung		World War II	12,800
Battle of France		World War II	469,000^[97]
Battle of Britain	1940	World War II	38,800 ^[98]
Hundred Regiments Offensive		Second Sino-Japanese War	62,900^[99]
Battle of Keren		World War II	+ killed
Battle of Greece		World War II	^[100]
Battle of Shanggao		Second Sino-Japanese War	42,000
Battle of Crete		World War II	16,007^[101]
Operation Barbarossa		World War II	5,318,000^[102] –8,050,000^[103]
Battle of Białystok–Minsk		World War II	429,886 including prisoners^[104]
Battle of Smolensk		World War II	595,606 killed, captured, and missing 300,000 Soviet prisoners
Battle of Uman		World War II	223,853
Battle of Kiev (included in Barbarossa)		World War II	761,783 killed, captured, and missing
Battle of Bryansk		World War II	700,000 Soviet killed, captured and missing German casualties unknown.
Battle of Moscow (included in Barbarossa)		World War II	1,000,000^[105]
Battle of Hong Kong		World War II	18,000 including prisoners^[106]
Battle of Malaya/Battle of Singapore	–1942	World War II	143,800, and 60,000 prisoners^[107]
Battle of Bataan/Battle of Corregidor		World War II	30,000 killed^[108]
Battle of Lyuban		World War II	365,135
Battle of the Kerch Peninsula		World War II	176,000+
Demyansk Pocket		World War II	300,000
Second Battle of Kharkov		World War II	300,000^[109]
Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign		Second Sino-Japanese War	356,000^[110]
Battle of Gazala		World War II	148,000^[111]
First Battle of El Alamein		World War II	30,000
Kokoda Track campaign		World War II	13,000
Case Blue		World War II	1,400,000
Battle of the Caucasus	–1942	World War II	625,000
Guadalcanal Campaign	–1943	World War II	29,100^[112] –31,100^[113]
Battles of Rzhev	–1943	World War II	2,900,000–3,080,000
Second Battle of El Alamein		World War II	39,400–82,500^[114]
Operation Iskra		World War II	129,332^[115]
Battle of Kursk		World War II	1,028,617^[116] ^[117] –2,037,000^[118]
Operation Kutuzov		World War II	516,344
Allied invasion of Sicily		World War II	36,000+ killed, and over 100,000 Italian POWs^[119]
Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation		World War II	202,654–280,634
Battle of Smolensk		World War II	522,059
Dnieper Campaign		World War II	1,582,000 (lowest est.) – 2,480,000 (highest est.)
Operation Husky		World War II	16,000
Allied invasion of Italy		World War II	17,092^[120]
Bougainville Campaign	–1945	World War II	21,929 killed, and 23,571 Japanese prisoners^[121]
Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive	–1944	World War II	1,442,956
Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive		World War II	385,604
Battle of Monte Cassino		World War II	185,000^[122]
Battle of Narva		World War II	550,000 all causes^[123]
Battle of Anzio		World War II	52,200 killed^[124]
First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive		World War II	195,000^[125]
Operation Ichi-Go		Second Sino-Japanese War	1,300,000+^[126]
Battle of Normandy		World War II	650,600–795,400
Operation Dragoon		World War II	169,600
Battle of Saipan		World War II	43,500 killed, including mass suicides^[127]
Operation Bagration		World War II	1,430,000^[128]
Lvov–Sandomierz offensive		World War II	463,129
Falaise Pocket		World War II	140,000^[129]
Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive		World War II	485,424, including prisoners^[130]
Operation Market Garden		World War II	27,200^[131]
Moro River Campaign		World War II	20,000
Baltic offensive		World War II	280,120 Soviet casualties; German casualties unknown
Battle of Aachen		World War II	21,000
Gothic Line offensive	-1945	World War II	92,000
Battle of Hürtgen Forest	–1945	World War II	63,000^[132]
Courland Pocket	–1945	World War II	278,819
Battle of Leyte Gulf		World War II	12,000 killed^[133]
Battle of the Bulge	–1945	World War II	161,370^[134] –218,900
Vistula–Oder Offensive		World War II	636,191 including prisoners
Battle of Luzon		World War II	332,330–345,330, including sick^[135]
Battle of the Rhineland		World War II	82,000 and 250,000 prisoners^[136]
Battle of Iwo Jima		World War II	44,821^[137] –48,700^[138]
East Prussian Offensive		World War II	806,778 including prisoners
Battle of Okinawa		World War II	113,920^[139] –158,400^[140]
Burma campaigns	–1945	World War II	700,000^[141]
Battle of West Hunan		World War II	50,000
Second Guangxi campaign		World War II	1,000,000
Liaoshen campaign		Chinese Civil War	542,000, including captured^[142]
Huaihai campaign		Chinese Civil War	689,000, including captured^[143]
Pingjin campaign	–1949	Chinese Civil War	560,000, including captured^[144]
Shanghai Campaign		Chinese Civil War	213,073^[145]
Battle of Inchon		Korean War	17,429^[146]
UN offensive into North Korea		Korean War	51,700^[147]
Battle of Chosin Reservoir		Korean War	66,000
Battle of Dien Bien Phu		First Indochina War	31,500, not including prisoners^[148]
Tet Offensive		Vietnam War	65,000^[149]
Operation OAU		Nigerian Civil War
Easter Offensive		Vietnam War	150,000
Operation Dawn 5		Iran–Iraq War	75,000
Battle of the Marshes		Iran–Iraq War	55,000
Russian invasion of Ukraine	–pres.	Russo-Ukrainian War	^[150] –500,000^[151]

Classical formation battles

These refer to battles in which armies met on a single field of battle and fought each other for anywhere from one to several days. This type of battle died out in favor of grander military operations.

Battle	Year	Conflict	Casualties
Battle of Megiddo	! 1457 BC	Thutmose III's first campaign in the Levant	16,000+
Battle of Kadesh	! 1274 BC	Second Syrian campaign of Ramesses II	30,000+
Battle of Qarqar	! 853 BC	Assyrian conquest of Aram	24,000+
Battle of Thymbra	! 547 BC	Lydian–Persian War	100,000^[152]
Battle of Marathon	! 490 BC	Greco-Persian Wars	5,000–8,000^[153]
Battle of Thermopylae	! 480 BC	Greco-Persian Wars	22,500^[154]
Battle of Plataea	! 479 BC	Greco-Persian War	51,500–257,000^[155]
Battle of Mycale	! 479 BC	Greco-Persian War	70,000
Battle of Leuctra	! 371 BC	Theban–Spartan War	4,300
Battle of Mantinea	! 362 BC	Theban–Spartan War	18,000
Battle of the Granicus	! 334 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	Around 7,000^[156]
Battle of Issus	! 333 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	20,000-40,000
Battle of Gaugamela	! 331 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	53,500^[157]
Battle of the Persian Gate	! 330 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	48,500
Battle of the Hydaspes	! 326 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	23,310
Battle of Sentinum	! 295 BC	Third Samnite War	33,700^[158]
Battle of Heraclea	! 280 BC	Pyrrhic War	11,000–26,000
Battle of Asculum	! 279 BC	Pyrrhic War	9,500+
Battle of Beneventum	! 275 BC	Pyrrhic War	20,000
Battle of Messana	! 264 BC	First Punic War	7,400+
Battle of Kalinga	! 262 BC	Kalinga-Maurya Empire	250,000+ (including civilians) ^[159]
Battle of Changping	! 260 BC	Warring States period	700,000 (ancient source & includes prisoners)^[160]
Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC)	! 240 BC	Mercenary War	8,000+
Battle of Telamon	! 225 BC	Roman–Gallic wars	56,000+
Battle of Ticinus	! 218 BC	Second Punic War	9,500+
Battle of the Trebia	! 218 BC	Second Punic War	35,000^[161]
Battle of Lake Trasimene	! 217 BC	Second Punic War	30,000
Battle of Cannae	! 216 BC	Second Punic War	50,000+^[162]
Battle of the Metaurus	! 207 BC	Second Punic War	12,000^[163]
Battle of Julu	! 207 BC	Chu–Han Contention	400,000+ (including prisoners)
Battle of Utica	! 203 BC	Second Punic War	+45,000
Battle of Zama	! 202 BC	Second Punic War	21,500
Battle of the Arius	! 200 BC	Antiochus's Bactrian Campaign	3,750
Battle of Cynoscephalae	! 197 BC	Second Macedonian War	23,700
Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC)	! 191 BC	Roman–Seleucid War	14,000
Battle of Magnesia	! 190 BC	Roman–Seleucid War	53,350^[164]
Battle of Pydna	! 168 BC	Third Macedonian War	21,000
Battle of Noreia	! 115 BC	Germanic Wars (Cimbrian War)	24,000
Battle of the Muthul	! 109 BC	Jugurthine War	25,000
Battle of Arausio	! 105 BC	Germanic Wars (Cimbrian War)	85,000^[165] ^[166] ^[167]
Battle of Aquae Sextiae	! 102 BC	Germanic Wars (Cimbrian War)	90,000^[168]
Battle of Chaeronea	! 86 BC	Mithridatic Wars (First Mithridatic War)	50,000^[169]
Battle of the Colline Gate	! 82 BC	Sulla's civil war	50,000^[170]
Battle of the Silarius River	! 71 BC	Third Servile War	11,000
Battle of Chalcedon	! 74 BC	Mithridatic Wars (Third Mithridatic War)	19,000+
Battle of Tigranocerta	! 69 BC	Mithridatic Wars (Third Mithridatic War)	10,000+^[171]
Battle of Bibracte	! 58 BC	Gallic Wars	12,000+^[172]
Battle of Axona	! 57 BC	Gallic Wars	11,000+
Battle of Carrhae	! 53 BC	Roman–Persian Wars	24,000^[173]
Battle of Pharsalus	! 48 BC	Caesar's Civil War	17,000^[174]
Battle of Philippi	! 42 BC	Liberators' civil war	24,000
Battle of Actium	! 31 BC	Final War of the Roman Republic	7,500+^[175]
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest	! #000AD 9	Roman–Germanic wars	20,000^[176]
Battle of Idistaviso	! #000AD 16	Roman–Germanic wars	20,000+^[177]
Battle of Watling Street	! #00AD 61	Iceni Revolt	80,400^[178]
Battle of Mons Graupius	! #00AD 84	Roman conquest of Britain	10,360^[179]
Battle of Adamclisi	! #00AD 102	Dacian Wars	18,000+
Battle of Sarmizegetusa	! #00AD 106	Dacian Wars	21,000+
Battle of Carnuntum	! #00AD 170	Marcomannic Wars	20,000+
Battle of Issus (194)	0 194	Year of the Five Emperors	20,000
Battle of Lugdunum	0 197	Year of the Five Emperors	90,000
Battle of Guandu	0 200	Three Kingdoms	78,000^[180]
Battle of Red Cliffs	0 208	Three Kingdoms	100,000
Battle of Barbalissos	0 252	Perso-Roman wars of 337–361	60,000+^[181]
Battle of Edessa	0 260	Perso-Roman wars of 337–361	65,000+^[182]
Battle of Emesa	0 272	Crisis of the Third Century	61,000+
Battle of Châlons (274)	0 274	Crisis of the Third Century	56,000+
Battle of Adrianople	0 378	Gothic War	40,000+^[183]
Battle of the Fei River	0 383	Sixteen Kingdoms period	700,000+^[184]
Battle of the Catalaunian Plains	0 451	Hunnic Invasion	165,000 (ancient source)^[185]
Battle of Dara	0 530	Iberian War	8,000+^[186]
Battle of Callinicum	0 531	Iberian War	28,000+
Battle of Taginae	0 552	Gothic War	8,000+
Battle of the Volturnus	0 554	Gothic War	18,000+
Battle of the Salsu	0 612	Goguryeo–Sui War	302,300 (ancient source)^[187]
Battle of Nineveh	0 627	Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628	9,000+
Battle of al-Qadisiyyah	0 636	Muslim conquest of Persia	31,000^[188]
Battle of Muzayyah	0 633	Muslim conquest of Persia	10,000
Battle of Ullais	0 633	Muslim conquest of Persia	35,000^[189]
Battle of River	0 633	Muslim conquest of Persia	15,000+^[190]
Battle of Ajnadayn	0 634	Muslim conquest of the Levant	55,000
Battle of Yarmouk	0 636	Muslim conquest of the Levant	70,000^[191]
Battle of Walaja	0 636	Muslim conquest of Persia	22,000^[192]
Battle of Nahavand	0 642	Muslim conquest of Persia	28,500^[193]
Battle of Marj Ardabil	0 730	Second Arab-Khazar War	25,000+
Battle of Tours	0 732	Umayyad invasion of Gaul	13,000^[194]
Battle of Akroinon	0 740	Arab–Byzantine Wars	13,200+
Battle of Talas	0 751	Muslim conquest of Transoxiana	50,000+
Battle of Xiangji Temple	0 757	An Lushan Rebellion	110,000+
Battle of Pliska	0 811	Byzantine–Bulgarian wars	29,000
Battle of Ashdown	0 871	Viking activity in the British Isles	9,000
Battle of Brenta	0 899	Hungarian invasions of Europe	14,000+
Battle of Lechfeld	0 955	Hungarian invasions of Europe	15,000
Battle of Arcadiopolis	0 970	Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria	27,000
Battle of the Gates of Trajan	0 986	Byzantine–Bulgarian wars	27,000
Battle of Kleidion	0 1014	Byzantine–Bulgarian wars	45,000
Battle of Gwiju	1019	Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War	90,000+
Battle of Dandanaqan	1040	Seljuk-Ghaznavid Wars	35,000+
Battle of Fulford	1066	Viking invasions of England	5,000
Battle of Stamford Bridge	1066	Viking invasions of England	13,000
Battle of Hastings	1066	Norman Conquest	Around 6,000 ^[195]
Battle of Manzikert	0 1071	Byzantine-Seljuk Wars	25,000
Battle of Langensalza (1075)	1075	Saxon Revolt of 1073-1075	Around 8,600
Battle of Nhu Nguyet river	0 1077	Lý–Song War	150,000^[196]
Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081)	1081	First Norman invasion of the Balkans	5,000+
Battle of Civetot	1096	People's Crusade	50,000+
Battle of Dorylaeum	1097	First Crusade	7,000+
	1099	First Crusade	13,000+
Battle of Nakło (1109)	1109	???	30,000+
Battle of Ager Sanguinis	1119	Crusades	12,000
Battle of Azaz	1125	Crusades	6,000+
Battle of Crug Mawr	1135	Norman invasion of Wales	13,000
Battle of Legnano	1177	Guelphs and Ghibellines	+9,000
Battle of Montgisard	1177	Ayyubid–Crusader War	Around 25,850
Battle of Hattin	1187	Ayyubid–Crusader War	17,000–20,000^[197]
Battle of Philomelion (1190)	1190	Third Crusade	5,100
Battle of Arsuf	1191	Third Crusade	8,000+
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa	1212	Reconquista	60,000^[198]
Battle of Yehuling	1212	Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty	Around 150,000
Battle of Muret	1213		Around 16,500
Battle of Bouvines	1214		9,000
Battle of Parwan	1221	Mongol invasion of Central Asia	65,000+
Battle of the Kalka River	1223	Mongol invasion of Rus'	Around 50,000^[199]
Battle of Sanfengshan	1232	Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty	125,000
Battle of Legnica	1241	Mongol invasion of Poland	30,000^[200]
Battle of Mohi	1241	Mongol invasion of Europe	15,000^[201]
Battle of Mansurah	1250	Seventh Crusade	21,000
Battle of Ain Jalut	1260	Mongol invasions of the Levant	21,000
Battle of Kōan	1281	Mongol invasions of Japan	150,000+
Third battle of Bach Dang river	1288	Mongol invasion of Vietnam	85,000
Battle of Jaran Manjur	1298	Mongol invasions of India	20,000+
Battle of Yamen	1279	Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty	100,000
Battle of Kili	1299	Mongol invasion of India	130,000
Battle of Bapheus	1302	Byzantine–Ottoman wars	3,000
Battle of Amroha	1305	Mongol invasion of India	34,000
Battle of Bannockburn	1314	First War of Scottish Independence	19,000^[202]
Battle of Demotika	1352	Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357	8,000
Battle of Vijaya	1377	Champa–Đại Việt War (1367–1390)	95,000
Battle of Kulikovo	1380	List of Mongol and Tatar raids against Rus'	136,000
Battle of Roosebeke	1382	Hundred Years' War	27,600
Battle of Maritsa	1389	Serbian-Ottoman wars	57,000
Battle of Kosovo	1389	Serbian-Ottoman wars	60,000
Battle of the Terek River	1395	Tokhtamysh–Timur war	100,000^[203]
Battle of Nicopolis	1396	Ottoman wars in Europe	30,000
Conquest of Delhi	1398	Timur's Indian campaign	100,000^[204] ^[205]
Battle of Ankara	1402	Ottoman–Timur War	15,000+^[206]
Battle of Grunwald	1410	Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War	13,000^[207]
Battle of Agincourt	1415	Hundred Years' War	14,000
Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động	1426	Lam Sơn uprising	30,000^[208]
Battle of Hermannstadt	1442	Crusade of Varna	24,000
Battle of Zlatitsa	1443	Crusade of Varna	22,000+
Battle of Varna	1444	Crusade of Varna	60,000+
Battle of Kosovo (1448)	1448	Ottoman–Wallachian wars / Ottoman–Hungarian wars	+27,000
Tumu Crisis	1449	Ming–Mongol War	200,000+
Battle of Castillon	1453	Hundred Years' War	4,000^[209]
Battle of Chojnice	1454	Thirteen Years' War	9,000
Battle of Towton	1461	Wars of the Roses	28,000^[210]
Second Battle of St Albans	1461	Wars of the Roses	2,000
Night Attack at Târgoviște	1462	Wallachian-Ottoman Wars	20,000^[211]
Battle of Vaslui	1475	Moldavian-Ottoman Wars	40,000+
Battle of Valea Albă	1476	Moldavian–Ottoman Wars	30,000+
Battle of Breadfield	1479	Habsburg–Ottoman wars	13,000+
Battle of Kabul	1504	Campaigns of Babur	20,000+^[212]
Battle of Ravenna	1512	War of the League of Cambrai	13,500^[213]
Battle of Flodden	1513	War of the League of Cambrai	15,500
Battle of Chaldiran	1514	Ottoman–Persian Wars	7,000
Battle of Orsha	1514	Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512-1522)	21,000–45,000
Battle of Marignano	1515	War of the League of Cambrai	11,000–15,000^[214]
Battle of Ridaniya	1517	Ottoman wars in the Near East	13,000^[215]
La Noche Triste	1520	Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire	+4,800
Battle of Pavia	1525	Italian War of 1521–1526	13,000
First Battle of Panipat	1526	Mughal Conquest	20,000–50,000^[216]
Battle of Mohács	1526	Ottoman–Hungarian wars	Probably 30,000^[217]
Battle of Sződfalva	1527	Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528	21,000
Battle of Ghaghra	1529	Mughal Conquest	13,000^[218]
Battle of Gorjani	1537	Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526–1568)	22,000
Battle of Mühlberg	1547	Schmalkaldic War	9,500
Battle of Molodi	1572	Russo-Crimean Wars	29,000–33,000 or 100,000^[219]
Battle of Nagashino	1575	Sengoku period	18,000^[220]
Battle of Alcácer Quibir	1578	Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts	19,000
Battle of Gembloux	1578	Eighty Years' War	6,000
Battle of Chungju	1592	Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)	8,000–16,000^[221] 100,000^[222] ^[223]
Battle of Călugăreni	1595	Long War (Ottoman War)	11,000–16,000
Battle of Keresztes	1596	Long Turkish War	30,000
Battle of Sacheon	1598	Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)	30,000^[224]
Battle of Sekigahara	1600	Sengoku period	30,000+^[225]
Battle of Nieuwpoort	1600	Eighty Years' War	6,700+
Battle of Kircholm	1605	Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)	8,400
Battle of Klushino	1610	Polish–Muscovite War	5,400
Battle of Wisternitz	1619	Thirty Years' War	6,700
Battle of White Mountain	1620	Thirty Years' War	3,450
Battle of Shen-Liao	1620	Qing conquest of the Ming	75,000
Battle of Rohilla	1621	Early Mughal-Sikh Wars	14,000
Battle of Lutter	1626	Thirty Years' War	9,700
Battle of Wolgast	1628	Thirty Years' War	3,100
First Battle of Breitenfeld	1631	Thirty Years' War	31,900
Battle of Lahira	1631	Early Mughal-Sikh Wars	36,773^[226]
Battle of Fürth	1632	Thirty Years' War	5,000
Battle of Lützen	1632	Thirty Years' War	11,160^[227]
Battle of Amritsar	1634	Early Mughal-Sikh Wars	7,000
Battle of Nördlingen	1634	Thirty Years' War	17,000^[228]
Battle of Kartarpur	1635	Early Mughal-Sikh Wars	50,700-97,000^[229] ^[230]
Battle of the Downs	1639	Eighty Years' War	15,000+^[231]
Battle of Song-Jin	1641	Qing conquest of the Ming	60,000
Second Battle of Breitenfeld	1642	Thirty Years' War	14,000^[232]
Battle of Rocroi	1643	Thirty Years' War	19,000^[233]
Battle of Freiburg	1644	Thirty Years' War	12,000
Battle of Jankau	1645	Thirty Years' War	15,500^[234]
Battle of Lens	1648	Thirty Years' War	9,500
Battle of Zusmarshausen	1648	Thirty Years' War	5,000
Battle of Berestechko	1651	Khmelnytsky Uprising	30,000–40,000^[235]
Battle of the Dunes	1658	Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)	9,600
Battle of Samugarh	1658	Mughal Conquest	32,000
Battle of Khajwa	1659	Mughal Conquest	20,000
Battle of Saint Gotthard	1664	Battle of Saint Gotthard	12,000
Battle of Khotyn (1673)	1673	Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)	32,000
Battle of Lund	1676	Scanian War	14,000^[236]
Battle of Vienna	1683	Ottoman–Habsburg wars	19,500^[237]
Battle of Mohács (1687)	1687	Ottoman–Habsburg wars	12,500
Battle of Fleurus	1690	War of the Grand Alliance	10,600−28,000^[238] ^[239]
Battle of Landen	1693	War of the Grand Alliance	28,000^[240]
Battle of Zenta	1697	Ottoman–Habsburg wars	30,300^[241]
Battle of Jinji	1698	Mughal Conquest	16,000
Battle of Narva	1700	Great Northern War	19,900^[242] ^[243]
Battle of Schellenberg	1704	War of the Spanish Succession	11,000
Battle of Blenheim	1704	War of the Spanish Succession	32,000
Battle of Chamkaur	1705	Mughal-Sikh Wars	112,500
Battle of Fraustadt	1706	Great Northern War	16,500^[244]
Battle of Ramillies	1706	War of the Spanish Succession	15,600^[245]
Battle of Almansa	1707	War of the Spanish Succession	22,000
Battle of Lesnaya	1708	Great Northern War	11,000^[246] ^[247]
Battle of Poltava	1709	Great Northern War	14,300^[248]
Battle of Malplaquet	1709	War of the Spanish Succession	95,000
Battle of Helsingborg	1710	Great Northern War	10,700^[249]
Battle of Villaviciosa	1710	War of the Spanish Succession	12,000
Battle of Gulnabad	1722	Hotaki-Safavid War	17,000
Battle of Hohenfriedberg	1745	War of the Austrian Succession	18,530
Battle of Fontenoy	1745	War of the Austrian Succession	14,000^[250]
Battle of Lobositz	1756	Seven Years' War	7,000+
Battle of Leuthen	1757	Seven Years' War	11,800^[251]
Battle of Prague	1757	Seven Years' War	+27,570
Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf	1757	Seven Years' War	+10,000
Battle of Rossbach	1757	Seven Years' War	10,000
Battle of Breslau (1757)	1757	Seven Years' War	12,000
Battle of Zorndorf	1758	Seven Years' War	30,000
Battle of Krefeld	1758	Seven Years' War	5,200
Battle of Kunersdorf	1759	Seven Years' War	35,000^[252]
Battle of Minden	1759	Seven Years' War	12,700
Battle of Torgau	1760	Seven Years' War	+32560
Third Battle of Panipat	1761	Marathas and Afghans	65,000^[253] ^[254]
Battle of Kup	1762	Afghan-Sikh Wars	Around 20,000^[255]
Battle of Villinghausen	1761	Seven Years' War	+13,000
Battle of Freiberg	1762	Seven Years' War	10,500
Battle of Kagul	1770	Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)	21,000^[256]
Battle of Porto Novo	1781	Second Anglo-Mysore War	9306
Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút	1785	Siamese-Vietnamese Wars	50,000^[257]
Battle of Rymnik	1789	Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)	21,000^[258]
Battle of Jemappes	1792	War of the Second Coalition	3,500
Battle of Praga	1794	Kościuszko Uprising	26,000
Battle of Mardanpur	1794	Maratha and Patiala	8,333-52,333^[259]
Battle of Loano	1795	War of the First Coalition	10,000
Battle of Arcole	1796	War of the First Coalition	11,000^[260]
Battle of Rivoli	1797	War of the First Coalition	17,500
Battle of Trebbia	1799	War of the Second Coalition	17,000–23,000^[261]
Battle of Novi	1799	War of the Second Coalition	19,500^[262]
Battle of the Pyramids	1798	War of the Second Coalition	10,000+
Battle of Stockach	1800	War of the Second Coalition	9,800
Battle of Marengo	1800	War of the Second Coalition	16,400^[263]
Battle of Montebello	1800	War of the Second Coalition	7,275
Battle of Pozzolo	1800	War of the Second Coalition	+13,000
Battle of Höchstädt	1800	War of the Second Coalition	7,000
Battle of Hohenlinden	1800	War of the Second Coalition	16,000+
Ulm campaign	1805	War of the Third Coalition	62,000
Battle of Dürenstein	1805	War of the Third Coalition	10,000
Battle of Austerlitz	1805	War of the Third Coalition	45,300^[264]
Battle of Schöngrabern	1805	War of the Third Coalition	5,000
Battle of Jena–Auerstedt	1806	War of the Fourth Coalition	52,000, including prisoners later killed^[265]
Battle of Lübeck	1806	War of the Fourth Coalition	18,800
Battle of Eylau	1807	War of the Fourth Coalition	40,000
Battle of Friedland	1807	War of the Fourth Coalition	28,000–50,000^[266]
Battle of Bailen	1808	Peninsular war	21,000
Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros	1808	Peninsular war	6,600
Battle of Gamonal	1808	Peninsular war	3,600
Battle of Aspern-Essling	1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	42,900^[267]
Battle of Landshut	1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	9,000
Battle of Eckmühl	1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	13,700
Battle of Abensberg	1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	8,200
Battle of Ebelsberg	1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	15,340
Battle of Piave River	1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	7,000
Battle of Wagram	1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	77,000–79,000^[268]
Battle of Znaim	1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	9,000
Battle of Raab	1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	14,300
Battle of Talavera	1809	Peninsular War	13,900^[269]
Battle of Somosierra	1808	Peninsular War	2,500
Battle of Bussaco	1810	Peninsular War	5,900
Battle of Slobozia	1811	Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)	20,000^[270]
Battle of Salamanca	1812	Peninsular War	18,800^[271]
Battle of Smolensk	1812	French invasion of Russia	24,000^[272]
Battle of Shevardino	1812	French invasion of Russia	10,000
Battle of Borodino	1812	French invasion of Russia	74,000^[273]
Second Battle of Polotsk	1812	French invasion of Russia	22,000
Battle of Maloyaroslavets	1812	French invasion of Russia	16,000
Battle of Vyazma	1812	French invasion of Russia	9,500
Battle of Wolkowisk	1812	French invasion of Russia	6,000
Battle of Krasnoi	1812	French invasion of Russia	28,000
Battle of Berezina	1812	French invasion of Russia	60,000
Battle of Vitoria	1813	Peninsular War	13,000
Battle of Lützen	1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	31,155–52,000^[274] ^[275]
Battle of Bautzen	1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	45,000
Battle of Hanau	1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	15,000
Battle of Dresden	1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	48,000
Battle of Wartenburg	1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	4,000
Battle of Großbeeren	1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	5,000
Battle of Dennewitz	1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	33,000^[276]
Battle of Leipzig	1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	124,000^[277]
Battle of Orthez	1814	Peninsular War	5,100
Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube	1814	War of the Sixth Coalition	8,000
Battle of Wavre	1815	Hundred Days	5,000
Battle of Quatre Bras	1815	Hundred Days	10,000
Battle of Ligny	1815	Hundred Days	28,000^[278]
Battle of Waterloo	1815	Hundred Days	47,000+ (not including prisoners and missing)^[279] ^[280]
Battle of Tolentino	1815	Neapolitan War	5,000
Battle of Ayacucho	1824	Peruvian War of Independence	+3,400
Battle of Jamrud	1837	Afghan-Sikh Wars	11,000+
Battle of Inkerman	1854	Crimean War	15,857^[281]
Battle of Choloki	1854	Crimean War	5,500
Battle of Kurekdere	1854	Crimean War	3,409
Battle of Alma	1854	Crimean War	+9,100
Battle of Magenta	1859	Second Italian War of Independence	+14,900
Battle of Solferino	1859	Second Italian War of Independence	+39,500
Battle of Jiangnan	1860	Taiping Rebellion	+140,000
First Battle of Bull Run	1861	American Civil War	4,690
Battle of Shiloh	1862	American Civil War	24,000^[282]
Battle of Antietam	1862	American Civil War	23,000^[283] –26,193^[284]
Battle of Fredericksburg	1862	American Civil War	17,300–17,962^[285]
Battle of Richmond	1862	American Civil War	+5,900
Battle of Gaines' Mill	1863	American Civil War	15,000+
Battle of Gettysburg	1863	American Civil War	51,000^[286] ^[287]
	1863	American Civil War	+9,500
Battle of Chickamauga	1863	American Civil War	34,624^[288]
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House	1864	American Civil War	30,000^[289]
Battle of Stones River	1862–1863	American Civil War	24,000^[290]
Battle of the Wilderness	1864	American Civil War	28,700
Battle of Cold Harbor	1864	American Civil War	18,000
Battle of Changzhou	1864	Taiping Rebellion	35,000
Battle of Hubei	1864	Taiping Rebellion	+60,000
Battle of Königgrätz	1866	Austro-Prussian War	47,500^[291]
Battle of Münchengrätz	1866	Austro-Prussian War	3,000
Battle of Tuyutí	1866	Paraguayan War	7,000–16,000^[292]
Battle of Curupayty	1866	Paraguayan War	4,300
Battle of Ytororó	1868	Paraguayan War	3,300+
Battle of Acosta Ñu	1869	Paraguayan War	5,102
Battle of Piribebuy	1869	Paraguayan War	2,210
Battle of Mars-la-Tour/Battle of Gravelotte	1870	Franco-Prussian War	34,000
Battle of Sedan	1870	Franco-Prussian War	26,000^[293]
Second Battle of Orleans	1870	Franco-Prussian War	8,740
Battle of Le Mans	1871	Franco-Prussian War	30,000
Battle of Tabaruzaka	1877	Satsasuma Rebelion	8,400
Battle of Isandlwana	1879	Anglo-Zulu War	6,300
Battle of Kambula	1879	Anglo-Zulu War	2,134
Battle of Arica	1880	War of the Pacific	3,600+
Battle of Adwa	1896	First Italo-Ethiopian War	17,300^[294]
Battle of Binakayan-Dalahican	1896	Philippine Revolutionary War	2,000–15,000^[295]
Battle of Omdurman	1898	Mahdist War	20,430^[296]
Battle of Sakarya	1921	Greco–Turkish War of 1919–22	61,000^[297] ^[298]

Raids and sacks

!Action!Year!Conflict!Casualties

Sack of Rome (455)	455	fall of the Western Roman Empire	400,000+
Sack of Thessalonica (1185)	1185	third Norman invasion of the Balkans	10,000+
Sack of Berwick (1296)	1296	First War of Scottish Independence	17,000
Sack of Rome (1527)	1527	War of the League of Cognac	48,000
Sack of Naples	1544	Ottoman–Habsburg wars	50,000
Sack of Magdeburg	1631	Thirty Years' War	26,900
Raid on the Medway	1667	Second Anglo-Dutch War	650
Dieppe Raid	1942	World War II	6860

Naval battles

See also: Largest naval battle in history.

!Battle or Action!Year!Conflict!Casualties

Battle of Salamis	480 BC	Second Persian Invasion of Greece	50,000?
Battle of Cape Ecnomus	256 BC	First Punic War	50,000
Battle of Dan-no-ura	1185	Genpei War	20,000
Battle of Yamen	1279	Song-Yuan Wars	110,000
Third battle of Bach Dang river	1288	Mongol invasion of Vietnam	85,000
Battle of Chaul	1508	Mamluk–Portuguese conflicts	840
Battle of Lepanto	1571	Ottoman–Habsburg wars	40,000
Battle of São Vicente	1583	Eighty Years' War	166
Battle of Solebay	1672	Third Anglo-Dutch War	3,100
Battles of Barfleur and La Hougue	1692	Nine Years' War	10,000
Battle of Pondicherry	1759	Seven Years' War	1,589
Battle of Chesma	1770	Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)	12,000
Battle of Dogger Bank	1781	Fourth Anglo-Dutch War	988
Battle of Vyborg Bay	1790	Russo-Swedish War (1788–90)	6,000 — 12,000
Battle of the Nile	1798	French campaign in Egypt and Syria	8,997
Battle of Copenhagen	1801	War of the Second Coalition	2,800
Battle of Trafalgar	1805	War of the Third Coalition	4,853
Battle of Navarino	1827	Greek War of Independence	6,000
Battle of Sinop	1853	Crimean War	3,366
Battle of Hampton Roads	1862	American Civil War	392
Battle of Riachuelo	1865	Paraguayan War	997
Battle of the Yalu River	1894	First Sino-Japanese War	1,730
Battle of the Yellow Sea	1904	Russo-Japanese War	566
Battle of Tsushima	1905	Russo-Japanese War	5,162
Battle of Lemnos	1913	First Balkan War	146
Battle of Coronel	1914	World War I	1,660
Battle of the Falkland Islands	1914	World War I	1,900
Battle of Dogger Bank	1915	World War I	1,081
Battle of Jutland	1916	World War I	12,000
Battle of Cape Machichaco	1937	Spanish Civil War	35
Battle of Cape Palos	1938	Spanish Civil War	765
Battle of the River Plate	1939	World War II	196
Attack on Mers-el-Kébir	1940	World War II	1,669
Operation Juno	1940	World War II	1,662
Last battle of Bismarck	1941	World War II	2,249
Battle of Cape Matapan	1941	World War II	2,303
Battle of Cape Bon	1941	World War II	817
Battle of the Java Sea	1942	World War II	2,336
Battle of Midway	1942	World War II	3,364
Battle of Santa Cruz Islands	1942	World War II	766
Battle of Savo Island	1942	World War II	1217
Naval Battle of Casablanca	1942	World War II	636
Battle of the Bismarck Sea	1943	World War II	2,903
Battle of Leyte Gulf	1944	World War II	15,500
Battle of San Carlos	1982	Falklands War	65

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Notes and References

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2. Book: Cœdès, George . The Making of South East Asia . 1966 . University of California Press . 9780520050617 . 84.
3. Book: Sicker, Martin . The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna . Praeger . 2000 . 978-0275968922 . 111 . en.
4. Web site: Gearon . Eamonn . 2017-02-09 . The Mongol Sack of Baghdad in 1258 . 2023-08-14 . Wondrium Daily . en-US.
5. Mann, p. 143
6. Hassig
7. Grant, p. 230
8. John Sweetman, Crimean War, Essential Histories 2, Osprey Publishing, 2001,
9. https://books.google.com/books?id=69EbKf6JrxYC&pg=PA678 Third Battle of Nanking
10. Grant, p. 231
11. Clodfelter M. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. McFarland, 2002. P. 220
12. Grant, p. 252
13. Hall, p. 112
14. Book: zh:太原大会战. 978-7221096166. 陶纯. 2011. 贵州人民出版社 .
15. Paulose . James . 2013 . Three Months Of Bloodshed: Strategy And Combat During The Battle Of Shanghai . Report: West Point Undergraduate Historical Review . 3 . 2.
16. Book: Lai, Benjamin . Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze . Osprey Publishing . 2017 . 87–88 . en.
17. Web site: First Battle of Changsha. WW2DB. 2 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151024095303/http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=179. 24 October 2015. live. dmy-all.
18. Web site: Battle of Nanchang. WW2DB. 2 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151108070416/http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=178. 8 November 2015. live. dmy-all.
19. Book: Sebag-Montefiore, Hugh. Dunkirk: Fight to the Last Man. 31 May 2007. Penguin UK. 9780141906164. en.
20. Web site: Battle of South Shanxi. WW2DB. 9 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150919050749/http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=229. 19 September 2015. live. dmy-all.
21. Glantz (1995), p. 293
22. Book: Hsiung, James. China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945. 158.
23. Book: Великая Отечественная война 1941–1945 годов. В 12 т. . Кучково поле . 2012 . 978-5-9950-0269-7 . 3. Битвы и сражения, изменившие ход войны . 421 . ru . The Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, in 12 Volumes.
24. Book: Соколов, Борис . Чудо Сталинграда . Алгоритм . 2014 . 235–236 . ru . The Miracle of Stalingrad.
25. Grant, p. 308
26. Book: China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945. 161.
27. Book: Tuchman, Barbara. Stilwell and the American Experience in China.
28. [David Glantz|Glantz, David]
29. Сведения городской комиссии по установлению и расследованию злодеяний немецко-фашистских захватчиков и их сообщников о числе погибшего в Ленинграде населения ЦГА СПб, Ф.8357. Оп.6. Д. 1108 Л. 46–47
30. Book: The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad. Da Capo Press. Harrison Evans Salisbury. Harrison Salisbury. 1969. 590.
31. Web site: World War II: Warsaw Uprising :: FAQ . 6 January 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090123080453/http://warsawuprising.com/faq.htm . 23 January 2009 . live .
32. Grant, p. 318
33. Connaughton, R., Pimlott, J., and Anderson, D., 1995, The Battle for Manila, London: Bloomsbury Publishing,
34. Book: Khalifa. Hodieb. Nein. 9781938759185. 22 November 2013. American Book Publishing .
35. Book: Dauria. Tom. Within a Presumption of Godlessness. 9781480804203. 2014. Archway .
36. Web site: Battle of Manila . 9 June 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305062959/http://battleofmanila.org/Huber/htm/huber_06.htm . 5 March 2016 . live.
37. News: China Is Wordless on Traumas of Communists' Rise . ANDREW JACOBS . New York Times . 2 October 2009 . 10 July 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180514065724/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/02/world/asia/02anniversary.html?pagewanted=all . 14 May 2018 . live.
38. Chang, Jung; Halliday, Jon. 2006. Mao: The Unknown Story. London: Vintage Books. p383.
39. 中国人民解放军军事科学院《中国军事百科全书》
40. http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2007-05-22/090411868545s.shtml 长春解放纪念碑烈士鲜血筑就的城市记忆
41. 李发锁. "围困长春." 中国作家. 纪实 3 (2018): 4-161.
42. Web site: Bandarin . Francesco . 2022-09-20 . The Destruction of Aleppo: The Impact of the Syrian War on a World Heritage City . 2023-08-08 . Cultural Heritage and Mass Atrocities . en.
43. Web site: 2018-12-05 . Center for Documentation of Violations in Syria - Killed List . 2023-08-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181205141059/http://www.vdc-sy.info/index.php/en/martyrs/1/c29ydGJ5PWEua2lsbGVkX2RhdGV8c29ydGRpcj1ERVNDfGFwcHJvdmVkPXZpc2libGV8ZXh0cmFkaXNwbGF5PTB8cHJvdmluY2U9NnxzdGFydERhdGU9MjAxMi0wNy0xOXxlbmREYXRlPTIwMTYtMTItMjJ8 . 5 December 2018 .
44. Web site: 2017-08-13 . 2 American soldiers killed in Iraq, U.S. military says . 2023-08-16 . NBC News . en.
45. Web site: Cockburn . Patrick . 2017-07-19 . True civilian death toll in Mosul feared to be 40,000 - eight times higher than previous estimates . 2023-08-14 . The Independent . en.
46. Web site: 25,000 Daesh killed in Mosul liberation operations . 2023-08-14 . www.aa.com.tr.
47. Web site: John Spencer . Jayson Geroux . 2021-09-15 . Urban Warfare Project Case Study #2: Battle of Mosul . 2023-08-16 . Modern War Institute . en-US.
48. Web site: 2022-04-16 . Russia Says All Urban Areas of Mariupol Cleared of Ukrainian Forces . 2023-08-09 . VOA . en.
49. Web site: 2022-05-14 . Azov officer: Russian forces lost about 6,000 troops in Mariupol. . 2023-08-09 . The Kyiv Independent . en.
50. Web site: S.A . Telewizja Polska . Up to 75,000 Ukrainian civilians killed in Mariupol: report . 2023-08-09 . tvpworld.com . pl.
51. Human Rights Watch/SITU/Truth Hounds, “Our City Was Gone” Russia’s Devastation of Mariupol, Ukraine, p. 147: "Based on an assessment of satellite imagery and photo and video analysis, we estimate that at least 10,284 people were buried in four of the city’s cemeteries and in Manhush cemetery between March 2022 and February 2023. We also estimate that around 2,250 people would have died of causes unrelated to war in Mariupol during that period, meaning the city saw at least an estimated 8,034 deaths above a peacetime rate. We are not able to determine how many of those buried in the city were civilians or military personnel, or how many were killed as a result of unlawful attacks."
52. Web site: 2022-06-17 . UN says more than 1,300 civilians killed in Mariupol — but true toll "likely thousands higher" . 2023-08-09 . Egypt Independent . en-US.
53. Web site: Russia says 3,000 civilians killed in Mariupol, blames Ukraine . 2023-08-09 . anews . en.
54. Merkx . Gilbert W. . 2023 . Russia's War in Ukraine: Two Decisive Factors . Journal of Advanced Military Studies . 14 . 2 . 13–33 . 2770-260X.
55. News: Kilner . James . 2024-02-18 . Russia loses 17,000 troops taking Avdiivka in first major breakthrough since May . 2024-03-04 . The Telegraph . en-GB . 0307-1235.
56. News: Gibbons-Neff . Thomas . Kurmanaev . Anatoly . 2024-02-27 . In Ukraine, Russia Is Inching Forward Death by Death . 2024-03-03 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
57. Book: Zamoyski, Adam . 2004 . Moscow 1812: Napoleon's Fatal March . 17 April 2021 . London . HarperCollins . 536. 978-0-00-712375-9.
58. Brewer, p. 33
59. Brewer, p. 42
60. Brewer, p. 53
61. Grant, p. 253
62. Hall, p. 31
63. Hall, p. 36
64. Brewer, p. 99
65. Grant, p. 271
66. Brewer, p. 100
67. Grant, p. 272
68. Allen W. E. D., Muratoff P. Caucasian Battlefields: A History of the Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border 1828–1921. Cambridge University Press. 2011. P. 284
69. Brewer, p. 142
70. Grant, p. 273
71. Grant, p. 282
72. Spencer Tucker, "Encyclopedia of World War I"(2005) pg 1077,
73. Grant, p. 276
74. Book: Grant, R. G. . 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History . Chartwell Books . 2017 . 978-0-7858-3553-0 . Reprint . New York . 739 . en.
75. Grant, p. 279
76. Tucker, 810
77. Grant, p. 277
78. Brewer, p. 150
79. Grant, p. 280
80. Brewer, p. 151
81. Brewer, p. 152
82. Grant, p. 281
83. Grant, p. 286
84. Grant, p. 292
85. Grant, p. 294
86. Grant, p. 295
87. Web site: Victory at Tai'erzhuang in the Battle of Xuzhou (12) – Xinhua English.news.cn. news.xinhuanet.com. 9 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151208080157/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/special/2015-11/01/c_134771032.htm. 8 December 2015. dead. dmy-all.
88. Drowned Earth: The Strategic Breaching of the Yellow River Dyke, 1938. War in History. 1 April 2001. 0968-3445. 191–207. 8. 2. 10.1177/096834450100800204. en. Diana. Lary. 159547176.
89. Book: MacKinnon, Stephen R. . Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees, and the Making of Modern China . University of California Press . 2008 . 978-0-520-25445-9 . 42 . en.
90. 邓正兵 . 邓红 . 2014-10-28 . 日本人眼中的武汉会战——《武汉会战日方资料丛编》评介 . 江汉大学学报（社会科学版） . zh . 31 . 5 . 90 . 2095-9915.
91. Grant, p. 293
92. Nomonhan: Japanese-Soviet Tactical Combat, 1939. Leavenworth Papers №2. by Edward J. Rea" Combat Studies Institute, fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1981
93. Grant, p. 298
94. Web site: 2021-09-02 . Wojna obronna Polski 1939, czyli jak Polska przegrała kampanię wrześniową . 2022-04-26 . HISTORIA.org.pl . pl-PL.
95. Web site: 2007-12-31 . Historia Polski . 2022-04-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071231125414/http://historia.cba.pl/drugawojna/bzura.php . 31 December 2007 . dead.
96. Web site: http://www.chinamil.com.cn/site1/historymil/2004-10/29/content_1143438.htm . zh:（抗日战争）冬季攻势述评 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110707014518/http://www.chinamil.com.cn/site1/historymil/2004-10/29/content_1143438.htm . 7 July 2011 .
97. Grant, p. 299
98. Book: Clodfelter . Micheal . Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015 . 2008 . McFarland . 978-0786474707 . 3 . 470.
99. Book: Garber, John. Chinese–Soviet Relations, 1937–1945. 120.
100. Wagner, p. 474
101. Wagner, p. 479
102. Wagner, p. 480
103. Book: Grant, R. G. . 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History . Chartwell Books . 2017 . 978-0-7858-3553-0 . Reprint . New York . 820–821 . en.
104. Liedtke, Gregory (2016). Enduring the Whirlwind: The German Army and the Russo-German War 1941-1943. Helion and Company., pp.127-128.
105. Grant, p. 306
106. Grant, p. 323
107. Wagner, p. 502
108. Wagner, p. 499
109. Erickson, p. 90
110. Web site: Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign. WW2DB. 2 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031354/http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=287. 17 November 2015. live. dmy-all.
111. Grant, p. 302
112. Wagner, p. 522
113. Grant, p. 326
114. Wagner, p. 531
115. Erickson, p. 138
116. Book: Frieser . Karl-Heinz . Die Ostfront 1943/44 – Der Krieg im Osten und an den Nebenfronten . Schmider . Klaus . Schönherr . Klaus . Schreiber . Gerhard . Ungváry . Kristián . Wegner . Bernd . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt . 2007 . 978-3-421-06235-2 . München . 197, 200 . de.
117. Book: Toeppel, Roman . Kursk 1943: The Greatest Battle of the Second World War . Helion and Company . 2018 . 9781912866793 . Warwick . 207 . en.
118. Web site: Б.В.Соколов. Правда о Великой Отечественной войне . 2024-04-07 . www.lib.ru.
119. Wagner, p. 550
120. Wagner, p. 555
121. Wagner, p. 560
122. Grant, p. 303
123. Book: Mart Laar. Sinimäed 1944: II maailmasõja lahingud Kirde-Eestis (Sinimäed Hills 1944: Battles of World War II in Northeast Estonia). Tallinn: Varrak. 2006. et.
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125. Glantz, p. 381
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128. Brewer, p. 306
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130. [Krivosheev]
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132. Wagner, p. 594
133. Wagner, p. 596
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135. Wagner, p. 606
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138. Grant, p. 328
139. Wagner, p. 612
140. Grant, p. 329
141. Book: McLynn. The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945. 1.
142. Liaoning-Shenyang Campaign
143. Yu and Huaihai Campaign, p.5
144. Pingjin rewrite history? ? Tianjin Campaign
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150. Web site: Keaten . Jamey . 2023-02-24 . The calculus of war: Tallying Ukraine toll an elusive task . 2023-08-14 . AP News . en.
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153. Krentz, Peter, The Battle of Marathon (Yale Library of Military History), Yale Univ Press, (2010) p. 98
154. Grant, p. 23
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168. Strauss, Barry (2009). The Spartacus War. Simon and Schuster. pp. 21–22. .
169. Plutarch Life of Sulla 19.4
170. Philip Matyszak, Cataclysm 90 BC, p. 147; Lynda Telford, Sulla: A Dictator Reconsidered, p. 181; Appian, The Civil Wars, 1.92-93.
171. Book: A. N. Sherwin-White. Sherwin-White, Adrian N.. Lucullus, Pompey, and the East. The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 9: The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146–43 BC. J. A. Crook . Andrew Lintott . Andrew Lintott . Elizabeth Rawson . Elizabeth Rawson . Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 1994. 241.
172. Delbrück, p. 471
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174. Grant, p. 47
175. Web site: Actium (31 BCE) . Lendering . Jona . 10 October 2020 . Livius.org . 16 October 2020 .
176. Wells, Peter S. The Battle that stopped Rome. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 2003, p. 187. .
177. Tacitus, The Annals 2.12
178. Web site: Reference for Battle of Watling Street - Search.com . 17 February 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120310071630/http://www.search.com/reference/Battle_of_Watling_Street . 10 March 2012 . dead .
179. Grant, p. 49
180. Records of the Three Kingdoms,
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182. https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Edessa-260/ Encyclopaedia Britannica
183. Grant, p. 51
184. Book of Jin,
185. Web site: The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, chapter XLI. Jordanes. 22 April 1997. Translated by Charles C. Mierow. 14 September 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20110716102525/http://people.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html#XLI. 16 July 2011. live.
186. J. Haldon, The Byzantine Wars, 31–32
187. Book of Sui, Vol. 60.
188. The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History By Ibn Khaldūn, Franz Rosenthal, N. J.. Dawood pg, 12.
189. "The Sword of Allah", Chapter 22, by Lieutenant-General Agha Ibrahim Akram, Nat. Publishing. House, Rawalpindi (1970) .
190. A.I.Akram, Sword of Allah, Khalid ibn Walid, ch.13th, pg.137
191. Grant, p. 74
192. A. I. Akram (1970). The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns. National Publishing House, Rawalpindi. .
193. Web site: ʿARAB ii. Arab conquest of Iran – Encyclopaedia Iranica . 29 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131014075930/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arab-ii . 14 October 2013 . live .
194. Book: La bataille de Poitiers: Charles Martel et l'affirmation de la suprématie des Francs. Cirier. Aude. 50Minutes.fr. 2014-07-14. 50 Minutes. 9782806254290. 6–7. fr.
195. Marron 1066 pp.147-149
196. Xu Zizhi Tongjian ChangbianChinese: 《長編》卷三百上載出師兵員“死者二十萬”，“上曰：「朝廷以交址犯順，故興師討罪，郭逵不能剪滅，垂成而還。今廣源瘴癘之地，我得之未為利，彼失之未為害，一夫不獲，朕尚閔之，况十死五六邪？」又安南之師，死者二十萬，朝廷當任其咎。《續資治通鑑長編·卷三百》”。 《越史略》載廣西被殺者“無慮十萬”。 《玉海》卷一九三上稱“兵夫三十萬人冒暑涉瘴地，死者過半”。
197. Jonathan Riley-Smith, the Crusades, 2005, p. 109
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199. Richard Gabriel, Subotai the Valiant.
200. Grant, p. 92
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