The Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland fought dozens of battles with each other. They fought typically over land, and the Anglo-Scottish border frequently changed as a result. Prior to the establishment of the two kingdoms, in the 10th and 9th centuries, their predecessors, the Northumbrians, Picts and Dal Riatans, also fought a number of battles. Conflicts predating Anglo-Saxon settlement in Britain such as those between Celtic Britons and Picts are not covered in this article. Major conflicts between the two parties include the Wars of Scottish Independence (1296–1357), and the Rough Wooing (1544–1551), as well as numerous smaller campaigns and individual confrontations. In 1603, England and Scotland were joined in a "personal union" when King James VI of Scotland succeeded to the throne of England as King James I. War between the two states largely ceased, although the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in the 17th century, and the Jacobite risings of the 18th century, are sometimes characterised as Anglo-Scottish conflicts.
This list is arranged in chronological order.
| Date | Name | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 596 | Battle of Raith | Battle where the Angles defeated an alliance of Scots, Britons and Picts under King Áedán mac Gabráin of Dál Riata. Actually a confusion with the Battle of Catraeth. | |
| 603 | Battle of Degsastan | Battle between the English Kingdom of Bernicia and the kingdom of Dál Riata under King Áedán mac Gabráin. | |
| 671 | Battle of Two Rivers | Ecgfrith of the Northumbrians defeated the Picts. | |
| 685 | Battle of Dunnichen | King Bridei Mac Bili defeats the Northumbrians. Ending Northumbrian hegemony in northern Britain. |
| Date | Name | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 937 | Battle of Brunanburh | English victory over the combined armies of the kingdoms of Scotland, Dublin and Strathclyde. | |
| 1016/1018 | Battle of Carham | Victory for Malcolm II over Huctred, son of Waldef. Believed to have won Lothian for Scotland. | |
| 1054 | Battle of Dunsinane | ||
| 1093 | Battle of Alnwick | While besieging Alnwick Malcolm III was killed by knights led by Robert de Mowbray and his army fled. | |
| 1138 | Battle of Clitheroe | English army was routed by William fitz Duncan. | |
| 1138 | Battle of the Standard | David I routed by an army led by William of Aumale. Also known as the Battle of Northallerton. | |
| 1174 | Battle of Alnwick | William I of Scotland was captured by a small English force led by Ranulf de Glanvill. |
See main article: First War of Scottish Independence.
| Date | Name | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1296 | Capture of Berwick | English under Robert de Clifford take Berwick-upon-Tweed. | |
| 1296 | Battle of Dunbar | John de Warenne defeats John Balliol, paving the way for most of Scotland to fall to Edward I. | |
| 1297 | Raid of Scone | William Wallace joined forces with William Douglas the Hardy and led a successful raid on Scone, Scotland. | |
| 1297 | Battle of Stirling Bridge | William Wallace & Andrew de Moray defeated the English forces of John de Warenne and Hugh de Cressingham near Stirling on the River Forth. | |
| 1298 | Battle of Falkirk | Led by Edward I the English army defeated the Scots led by William Wallace. Shortly after the battle Wallace resigned as Guardian of Scotland | |
| 1300 | English victory | ||
| 1303 | Battle of Roslin | A Scottish force under John III Comyn defeated the English under Sir John Segrave in a series of encounters. | |
| 1304 | Action at Happrew | William Wallace and Sir Simon Fraser were defeated by an army of English knights led by Sir John Segrave. | |
| 1304 | Siege of Stirling Castle | The English under Edward I capture Stirling Castle. | |
| 1304 | Action at Earnside | Details are scarce, although it is the last action known to be fought by William Wallace. | |
| 1306 | Battle of Methven | Robert the Bruce routed at Methven by Aymer de Valence. | |
| 1307 | Battle of Glen Trool | Robert the Bruce drives back an English raiding party in a minor skirmish. | |
| 1307 | Rebel Scots win a significant victory against the royalist army and their Irish allies. | ||
| 1307 | Battle of Loudoun Hill | Robert the Bruce's first major victory over the English. |
See main article: Second War of Scottish Independence.
See main article: Anglo-Scottish Wars.
See main article: The Rough Wooing.
See main article: Scottish Reformation.
See main article: Border reivers.
See main article: Anglo-Scottish war (1650-1652).