List of avant-garde metal artists explained

This is a list of avant-garde metal artists, regional scenes, and record labels. Avant-garde metal or avant-metal, also known as experimental metal, is a subgenre of heavy metal music loosely defined by use of experimentation and characterized by the use of innovative, avant-garde elements, large-scale experimentation, and the use of non-standard and unconventional sounds, instruments, song structures, playing styles, and vocal techniques. It evolved out of progressive rock and various forms of metal, including extreme metal, particularly the extreme subgenre death metal. Some early examples are the King Crimson releases Larks' Tongues in Aspic and Red in 1973 and 1974 respectively,^[1] and the 1976 Led Zeppelin album Presence.^[2] The genre emerged in the early 1980s through the efforts of bands such as Celtic Frost and Voivod, who pioneered the genre.^[3] Other pioneers of avant-garde metal include Boris, Earth,^[4] Helmet,^[5] maudlin of the Well,^[6] Neurosis,^[7] Sunn O))),^[8] and Mr. Bungle.^[9] In the late 1990s, Misanthropy Records emerged as a promoter of Norwegian avant-garde metal until it folded in 2000,^[10] and, according to Jeff Wagner, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, a so-called "new wave of avant-garde metal" was spearheaded by The End Records.^[10] Some other record labels which promote avant-garde metal are Aurora Borealis,^[11] The Flenser,^[12] Holy Records,^[13] Hydra Head Records,^[14] Ipecac Recordings,^[15] Napalm Records,^[16] the Relapse Entertainment imprint of Relapse Records,^[17] Seventh Rule Recordings,^[18] and Southern Lord Records.^[19] In the United States, local avant-garde metal scenes have emerged in the San Francisco Bay Area, with bands such as Giant Squid, Grayceon, and Ludicra,^[20] Boston, with bands such as Isis, Kayo Dot, and maudlin of the Well and Seattle.^[21] According to the New York Times, some regional scenes that developed in the mid-1990s included the cities of Tokyo, Los Angeles, and Oslo.^[22]

Record labels

• The End Records^[10]
• The Flenser^[12]
• Holy Records^[13]
• Hydra Head Records^[14]
• Ipecac Recordings^[15]
• Misanthropy Records^[10]
• Napalm Records^[16]
• Relapse Entertainment, imprint of Relapse Records^[17]
• Seventh Rule Recordings^[18]
• Southern Lord Records^[19]
• Sumerian Records

Regional scenes

• Norway^[10]
  • Oslo^[22]
• Japan
  • Tokyo^[22]
• United States
  • Boston
  • Los Angeles^[22]
  • San Francisco Bay Area^[20]
  • Seattle^[21]

Artists

0–9

• 81db^[23]

A

• Abstrakt Algebra^[24]
• Agalloch^[25]
• Age of Silence
• Ahleuchatistas^[26]
• Ai Weiwei^[27]
• Alarum^[28]
• The Algorithm^[29]
• Altera Enigma^[30]
• Amenra^[31]
• Animals as Leaders^[32]
• Antigama^[33]
• Arashk^[34]
• Arcturus^{[35] [36]}
• Atheist^{[28] [37]}
• Avenged Sevenfold^[38]

B

• Babymetal^[39]
• Mick Barr^[40]
• Behold the Arctopus^[41]
• Bethlehem^[42]
• Black Flag^{[43] [44] [45]}
• Blut Aus Nord^[46]
• The Body^[47]
• Boris^{[22] [48]}
• Borknagar^[49]
• Boulder^[50]
• Breadwinner^[36]
• Buckethead^[51]
• Buried Inside^[52]

C

• Candiria^[53]
• Cave In^[54]
• Celtic Frost^{[3] [55]}
• Cephalic Carnage^[56]
• Circle^[57]
• Cojum Dip
• Conelrad^[58]
• Coroner^[59]
• The Contortionist^[60]
• Cronian^[61]
• Chryst^[62]
• Cult of Luna^[63]
• Cynic^[28]

D

• December Wolves^[64]
• Devilish Impressions^[65]
• The Devin Townsend Project^[66]
• Devolved^[67]
• Diablo Swing Orchestra^[68]
• The Dillinger Escape Plan^[69]
• Dir En Grey^[70]
• Disharmonic Orchestra^[71]
• Dødheimsgard^[72]
• Dog Fashion Disco^[35]
• Doom
• Draconian^[16]

E

• Earth^[4]
• The End^[73]
• Envy^[74]
• Ephel Duath^[75]
• Ewigkeit^[76]
• Extol^[77]

F

• Fact^[78]
• Fantômas^{[79] [80]}
• The Flying Luttenbachers^[36]
• Frantic Bleep^[81]
• From a Second Story Window^[82]

G

• The Gathering^{[83] [84]}
• God^[85]
• Genghis Tron^[86]
• Giant Squid^[20]
• Glassjaw^[87]
• Grayceon^[20]
• Godflesh^{[88] [89]}
• Green Carnation^[90]

H

• Hammers of Misfortune^[91]
• Hawk Eyes^[92]
• Head of David^[93]
• Hella^[94]
• Helmet^[5]
• Horse the Band^[78]
• Hortus Animae^[95]
• Hypno5e^[96]

I

• Imperial Triumphant^[97]
• Inhale Exhale^[98]
• Into Another^[99]
• Intronaut^[100]
• Jon Irabagon
• Isis^[101]
• Iwrestledabearonce^[102]

J

• Jane's Addiction^[103]
• Jesu^[104]

K

• Kayo Dot^{[105] [106]}
• Kekal^{[107] [108] [109]}
• Khanate^[110]
• Khlyst^[111]
• Killing Joke^[112]
• King Crimson^[1]
• KK Null^[113]
• The Kovenant^[114]
• Krallice^[115]
• Kylesa^[116]

L

• Lengsel^{[117] [118]}
• Leprous^{[119] [120]}
• Liturgy^[48]
• Living Colour^{[121] [122] [123]}
• Locrian^[124]
• Ludicra^[20]

M

• Made Out of Babies^[125]
• Manes^[126]
• The Mars Volta^[127]
• Master's Hammer^[36]
• Mastodon^[128]
• Maudlin of the Well^{[6] [129]}
• Mayhem^[130]
• The Meads of Asphodel^[131]
• Melvins^[132]
• Meshuggah^{[133] [134]}
• Motograter^[135]
• Mr. Bungle^[35]
• Mudvayne^[136]
• Mushroomhead^[137]
• My Dying Bride^[138]

N

• Naked City^[36]
• Napalm Death^{[88] [89]}
• Neurosis^{[7] [101] [139]}
• The Number Twelve Looks Like You^[140]

O

• O'Brother^[141]
• O, Majestic Winter^[142]
• The Ocean^[143]
• Old^[36]
• Opera IX^[144]
• Opeth^[145]
• Orthrelm^[146]
• Oxbow^[147]

P

• Painkiller^[36]
• Pain of Salvation^[148]
• Pan.Thy.Monium^{[36] [149]}
• Mike Patton^[150]
• Peccatum^[35]
• Pelican^{[101] [151]}
• Periphery^[152]
• Pinkly Smooth^[153]
• Pin-Up Went Down^[154]
• Planning for Burial^[155]
• James Plotkin^[156]
• Polkadot Cadaver^[157]
• Portal
• Praxis^[158]
• Protest the Hero^[159]
• Psychofagist^[160]
• Psyopus^[161]

Q

• Queenadreena^[162]
• Queensrÿche^[163]
• Qui^[164]

R

• Ram-Zet^[165]
• Vernon Reid^[166]
• Russian Circles^[167]

S

• Saccharine Trust^[168]
• Samsas Traum^[169]
• Sculptured^[170]
• Shining (Norwegian band)^[171]
• Shining (Swedish band)^[172]
• Sigh^{[173] [174]}
• Sikth^[162]
• Sleepytime Gorilla Museum^[175]
• Smohalla^[176]
• Solefald^[177]
• Sound of Urchin^[178]
• Spektr^[179]
• stOrk^[180]
• Strapping Young Lad^[134]
• Sunn O)))^[181]
• System of a Down^[182]

T

• Talons^[183]
• Therion^[184]
• Thought Industry^[185]
• Thrones^[186]
• Thy Catafalque^[187]
• Tiamat^{[83] [145]}
• Today Is the Day^[188]
• Todd Smith^[157]
• Tomahawk^[189]
• Tombs^[190]
• The Tony Danza Tapdance Extravaganza^[191]
• Tool^{[2] [192]}
• Treponem Pal^[36]
• Triptykon^[193]
• Twelve Foot Ninja

U

• Ufomammut^[194]
• Ulcerate
• Ulver^[195]
• Unexpect^[196]

V

• Ved Buens Ende^[197]
• Vernon Reid^[198]
• Virgin Black^{[199] [200]}
• Vintersorg^[35]
• Voivod^{[3] [201] [202]}

W

• Waltari^[203]
• Winds^[114]
• Wrench in the Works^[204]

Y

• Yakuza^[205]

Z

• Zoroaster^[206]
• Zeal & Ardor^[207]

See also

• List of progressive metal bands
• List of mathcore bands

References

• Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation. Bazillion Points. .

Notes and References

1. Fricke. David. Alternate Take: King Crimson's Royal Remix Treatment. https://web.archive.org/web/20140203103032/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/alternate-take/alternate-take-king-crimsons-royal-remix-treatment-20100329. dead. 3 February 2014. Rolling Stone. 27 April 2012. 29 March 2010. ...later turned up on the 1973 avant-metal killer Larks' Tongues in Aspic.. Book: Mojo (magazine)

   . The Mojo Collection. Canongate Books. 978-1847676436. Mojo. 4. Mojo (magazine). 27 April 2012. 337. 4. 1 November 2007.

2. Fricke. David. Aenima. Rolling Stone. 27 April 2012. 5 December 1996. Still, the best parts of Ænima come when Tool just let the music rip and dip with the broiling, avant-metal ferocity of Led Zeppelin's Presence.. 9 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110709002307/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/aenima-19961205. dead.
3. Wagner 2010, pp. 109, 117.
4. Web site: Cummins . Johnson . ALBUM OF THE WEEK . . . 22 March 2012 . 1 March 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120404151554/http://www.montrealmirror.com/wp/2012/03/01/music-reviews-71/ . 4 April 2012 . dmy-all .
5. Web site: Senft. Michael. Warped Tour a hit in new digs. The Arizona Republic. 28 March 2012. 6 July 2006. Early arrivals were able to see experimental metal pioneers Helmet as well as retro punks the Casualties..
6. Wagner 2010, p. 308.
7. Web site: Guyre . Jen . Exclusive: Neurosis Q&A . . 30 March 2012 . 8 February 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111211122809/http://blog.rhapsody.com/2008/02/exclusive-neurosis-qa.html . 11 December 2011 . dmy-all .
8. Web site: Yuan. Henry. Sunn O))) to Curate Roadburn Festival 2011. Revolver. Future US. 7 August 2011. 17 April 2010. Their metal-based drone experiments have proved groundbreaking and hugely influential for an entire new generation of musicians practicing the art of avant-garde metal, drone, post rock and psychedelia..
9. Web site: Faith No More is Back...Could Mr. Bungle Be Next?. 28 July 2015. 10 October 2015. Houston Press. Voice Media Group. Deiterman. Corey.
10. Wagner 2010, pp. 301–302.
11. Web site: Wilson. Richard. The Haxan Cloak. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 19 June 2013. Distributed by experimental metal label Aurora Borealis, the release earned Krlic a recording deal with the London-based company..
12. Web site: THE FLENSER to Release Debut from Animate Metal Sorcerers SEIDR. Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. 28 March 2012. 27 January 2011.
13. Wagner 2010, p. 344.
14. Web site: Brown. August. In a digital age, vinyl's making a comeback. Los Angeles Times. 28 March 2012. 2. 26 August 2009. ...said co-owner Mark Thompson, who also co-founded and runs the experimental-metal label Hydra Head Records..
15. Web site: Ruggiero. Bob. Unsane. Houston Press. 19 June 2013. 14 June 2007.
16. Web site: Palmerston. Sean. Draconian Where Lovers Mourn. Exclaim!. 27 March 2012. December 2003.
17. Reesman. Brian. Hard Music Billboard Spotlight: Indies vs. Majors: Surviving in a Nu-Metal World. Billboard. 1 December 2001. 113. 48. 27 April 2012. 23. 0006-2510.
18. Web site: Bowar. Chad. 5 Questions with Wizard Rifle. About.com. 19 June 2013. We'd like to give a shout out to Seventh Rule and the striking, experimental metal acts coming from this label. 13 April 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140413042714/http://heavymetal.about.com/b/2012/02/26/5-questions-with-wizard-rifle.htm. dead.
19. Martens. Todd. Indies on the Verge. Billboard. 6 January 2007. 119. 1. 27. 20 June 2013. 0006-2510.
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    Web site: Smith. Chris. Our avant-garde metal scene. ca-smith.net. 7 August 2011. 6 July 2011. 16 January 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130116021353/http://www.ca-smith.net/blog/2011/07/our-avant-garde-metal-scene/. dead.

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36. [Ian Christe|Christe, Ian]
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39. Web site:
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41. Web site: Falzon. Denise. Behold the Arctopus – on Exclaim! TV Aggressive Tendencies. Exclaim!. 19 June 2013. 13 March 2013.
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44. Web site: Sideleau. Brandon. Black Flag – In My Head. Punknews.org. Buzzmedia. 19 June 2013. 7 May 2002.
45. Web site: Hartmann. Graham. Former Black Flag Bassist Kira Roessler Wins Academy Award. Loudwire. Townsquare Media. 14 September 2016. 29 February 2016.
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47. Web site: Bowar. Chad. New Heavy Metal Album Reviews: April 30, 2013. About.com. 19 June 2013. 30 April 2013. Statts, Jason. 2 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202202434/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/tp/New-Heavy-Metal-Album-Reviews-April-30-2013.htm. dead.
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51. Web site: Smith. Adam. Live: Buckethead at Culture Room, September 21. Broward-Palm Beach New Times. New Times BPB. 25 September 2011. 22 September 2011. 26 September 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110926071758/http://blogs.browardpalmbeach.com/countygrind/2011/09/live_buckethead_culture_room_september_21.php. dead.
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56. Web site: Violante. Isaiah. Cephalic Carnage: Anomalies. Pitchfork Media. 29 March 2012. 13 March 2005.
57. Web site: Roberts. Randall. Record Store Day booty: Flaming Lips, Lee Hazlewood, Dinosaur Jr.. Los Angeles Times. 27 April 2012. 23 April 2012.
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60. Web site: Kapper. Andrew. The Contortionist – Intrinsic Review. About.com. The New York Times Company. 19 June 2013. 2 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202202322/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/thecontortionist/fr/The-Contortionist-Intrinsic-Review.htm. dead.
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62. Web site: Becker. Erica. KOROVAKILL: Konzeptalbum zum Comeback. Powermetal.de. Weihrauch Medien Verlag. 20 April 2012. German. 19 July 2011.
63. Web site: Cult of Luna official website. 1 April 2018 .
64. Web site: Deming, Mark . Trap Them biography . . 16 January 2011.
65. Web site: Sharpe-Young, Garry . Devilish Impressions . https://web.archive.org/web/20121001185448/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/poland/devilish%2Bimpressions . dead . 1 October 2012 . . 30 April 2010 .
66. Web site: Wiederhorn. Jon. Rob Halford Interview – 'Creep Show'. Noisecreep. AOL. 6 August 2011. 17 November 2009. ...the fiercely melodic experimental metal of the Devin Townsend Project's 'Addicted'....
67. Web site: Sharpe-Young . Garry . Devolved . . 30 May 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140201233207/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/australia/queensland/brisbane/devolved . 1 February 2014 . dmy-all .
68. Web site: Monger. James Christopher. Pandora's Piñata. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 28 August 2012. Swedish avant-metal dance band Diablo Swing Orchestra's third full-length outing, the dense and typically diabolical No. 3: Pandora's Piñata....
69. Web site: Mastodon. Also Playing: The Dillinger Escape Plan and Red Fang. The A.V. Club. The Onion. 27 March 2012. 11 September 2011.
70. Web site: DIR EN GREY Explains London Cancellation. Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. 7 August 2011. 1 February 2009.
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77. Web site: Rivadavia. Eduardo. Mantric. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011.
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82. Web site: Mason. Stewart. Delenda. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011.
83. Web site: Huey. Steve. Mental Home. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 19 June 2013. its epic, goth-tinged atmospherics recalling experimental metal bands like Tiamat or the Gathering..
84. Web site: JS. The Gathering: Always. Teamrock. Team Rock Limited. 14 September 2016. 23 April 2014.
85. Web site: Walters. Martin. Headrush. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011.
86. Web site: Genghis Tron announce several more dates (supporting the Faint). Alternative Press. 25 June 2008.
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90. Web site: Bowar, Chad . Green Carnation - The Acoustic Verses Review - About.com . . 29 May 2010 . 7 July 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090707051149/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/reviews/gr/greencarnation.htm . dead .
91. Web site: Bergman. Keith. HAMMERS OF MISFORTUNE. The Locust Years (Cruz del Sur). Blabbermouth.net. 31 July 2006. Roadrunner Records. 27 April 2012.
92. Web site: Ho. Earl. Chickenhawk- A. Or Not? E.P Review. Voxy. Digital Advance Limited. 25 June 2013. 9 September 2009. 19 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140219084944/http://www.voxy.co.nz/entertainment/chickenhawk-or-not-ep-review/905/23583. dead.
93. Web site: Sharpe-Young . Garry . Head of David . https://web.archive.org/web/20110828230511/http://musicmight.com/artist/united%2Bkingdom/west%2Bmidlands/dudley/head%2Bof%2Bdavid . dead . 28 August 2011 . .
94. Web site: Hughes. Josiah. Zach Hill – Astrological Straits. Exclaim!. 27 April 2012. August 2008.
95. Web site: HORTUS ANIMAE: 'Funeral Nation' Box Set Now Available. Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. 7 August 2011. 27 November 2008.
96. Web site: Atkins. Amy. Video The Metal as Art Tour, Jan. 28, Gusto. Boise Weekly. Sally Freeman. 19 June 2013. 27 January 2010. 2 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202122117/http://www.boiseweekly.com/boise/the-metal-as-art-tour-jan-28-gusto/Content?oid=1455321. dead.
97. Web site: Brooklyn Black Metal Savants Imperial Triumphant Announce First-Ever European Tour . Kerrang! . 14 January 2019 . 3 November 2019 . "Their avant-garde sound and uncommon focus on New York's seedy and glamorous sides sets them leagues apart from many of the other NYC acts focusing solely on grimness.".
98. Web site: Van Pelt . Doug . Inhale Exhale Announce Late 2009 Tour Plans . . October 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100310153301/http://www.hmmagazine.com/2009/10/inhale-exhale-announce-late-2009-tour-plans/ . 10 March 2010 . dmy-all .
99. Web site: Downey. Ryan. The New Rising Sons. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011. "...alongside the drummer of an avant-garde/metal group (and former skinsman for a New York City straight-edge band)..." "...alongside... ...was former Into Another drummer Drew Thomas, who himself had recently watched his band dissolve, and whom Klahn had been aware of since the days when Thomas drummed for semi-legendary New York hardcore band Bold."
100. Web site: Shipley . Al . Waverly Giant, Baby Grand, The Highland Hill Boys, and more . . . 19 June 2013 . 19 June 2013 . California experimental-metal band Intronaut headlines the Metro Gallery with Scale the Summit and Mouth of the Architect. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130627210412/http://citypaper.com/music/the-short-list-1.1506959 . 27 June 2013 . dmy-all .
101. Web site: Way. Brian. Jesu. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011. ...serve to cater to fans of the experimental metal of bands like Isis, Neurosis, and Pelican..
102. Web site: Zed. Natalie. Iwrestledabearonce – Ruining It for Everybody Review. About.com. The New York Times Company. 14 July 2012. 2 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202202827/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/Iwrestledabearonce-Ruining-It-For-Everybody-Review.htm. dead.
103. Web site: Koen. David. THE PETER PRINCIPLE PERRY FARRELL OF JANE'S ADDICTION JUST MIGHT BE ROCK'S GREATEST EXHIBITIONIST. Phoenix New Times. 25 June 2013. 31 October 1990. They're either today's loudest alternative group or this epoch's most experimental metal band.. 20 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140220113516/http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/1990-10-31/music/the-peter-principle-perry-farrell-of-jane-s-addiction-just-might-be-rock-s-greatest-exhibitionist/. dead.
104. Web site: Galil. Leor. Jesu: Heart Ache & Dethroned. PopMatters. 29 March 2012. 16 November 2010.
105. Web site: Sharpe-Young, Garry . Kayo Dot . https://web.archive.org/web/20121013202847/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united%2Bstates/massachusetts/boston/kayo%2Bdot . dead . 13 October 2012 . . 30 April 2010 .
106. Web site: Villanueva. Justina. Kayo Dot Get Former Guitarist to Play 'Choirs of the Eye' Again. Noisecreep. AOL. 6 August 2011. 18 February 2010.
107. Web site: Bowar, Chad . Kekal - The Habit of Fire Review - About.com . . . 29 May 2010 . 14 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131014220152/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/kekalhabitoffir.htm . dead .
108. Web site: Playback: November 2007 . Inglis, Sam . November 2007 . . Open Publishing . 26 August 2010.
109. Web site: Stevenson . Stewart . Kekal – 1000 Thoughts of Violence . . 25 March 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110610093958/https://www.hmmagazine.com/reviews/album/k/kekal1203.php . 10 June 2011 . dmy-all .
110. Web site: Purcell. Sherel. Montreal Music – Music in Montreal. About.com. The New York Times Company. 20 March 2012. 2 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202202606/http://gomontreal.about.com/od/montrealbarsandclubs/a/MontrealMusic.htm. dead.
111. Web site: Bowar, Chad. Khlyst – Chaos Is My Name Review. About.com. The New York Times Company. 19 June 2013. 2 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202202606/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/khlyst.htm. dead.
112. Leifs. Stereophile. 2003. 26. 7–12. 128. Source Interlink Media. ... the classically trained front-man of avant-metal band Killing Joke, and co-producer of this latest genre-leaping venture..
113. Option, Issues 60–63; Issue 65. Option. 1995. 60–63, 65. ix. Sonic Options Network.
114. Wagner 2010, p. 254.
115. Web site: Freeman. Phil. Dimensional Bleedthrough. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 27 April 2012.
116. Web site: Hughes. Josiah. Pinback Launch Huge North American Tour. Exclaim!. 27 April 2012. 18 September 2008. The tour kicks off tonight (September 18) in Dallas, where the band will be joined by avant-metal group Kylesa..
117. Web site: Experimental and progressive metal from this Norwegian hard metal band. Cross Rhythms. 1 April 2012. 7 June 2008.
118. Hallila . Tim . Lengsel . . July–August 2007 . 126 . 24 . https://archive.today/20130620041411/http://hm.realviewusa.com/?iid=22265&startpage=page0000001 . dead . 2013-06-20 . 19 June 2013 .
119. Web site: LEPROUS: New Album Artwork Unveiled. 29 June 2011. Blabbermouth.net. 9 January 2020.
120. Web site: Ihsahn Parc Jean-Drapeau, Montreal QC, August 9. Walschots. Natalie Zina. 10 August 2015. Exclaim!. 9 January 2020.
121. Book: Rolling Stone: The Decades of Rock & Roll. Chronicle Books/Rolling Stone. San Francisco. 0811829782. Michael Ochs Archive. 15 October 2001. Living Colour rams its message of cultural celebration and racial responsibility home with avant-metal ferocity..
122. Book: Weisbard, Eric. Spin alternative record guide. Vintage Books/Spin. New York. 0679755748. Marks, Craig. 10 October 1995. With the replacement of Muzz Skillings by Tackhead bassist Doug Wimbish, it should have marked Living Colour's evolution from arena integrationists to avant-metal band from hell..
123. News: Deeds. Michael. A Shade Bolder, Living Colour Is Back. The Washington Post. Jeff Bezos. 14 September 2016. 26 October 2003.
124. Web site: Walschots. Natalie Zina. Locrian – The Clearing & The Final Epoch. Exclaim!. 19 June 2013. 5 September 2012.
125. Web site: Slevin. Patrick. Made Out of Babies: Interview with Julie Xmas and Brendan Tobin. The Aquarian Weekly. Arts Weekly. 14 July 2012. 18 June 2008.
126. Wagner 2010, p. 279.
127. Web site: Birchmeier. Jason. Calle 13. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011. Their 2010 effort... ...found them collaborating with the experimental metal group the Mars Volta....
128. Web site: Buchanan. David. CoS Year-End Report: The Top 100 Albums of '09: 50–26 – Mastodon, Crack the Skye. Consequence of Sound. 20 March 2012. Mastodon represents experimental metal in the genre's American 'new wave' at the turn of last decade..
129. Web site: Sharpe-Young, Garry . maudlin of the well . https://web.archive.org/web/20121013202907/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united%2Bstates/massachusetts/boston/maudlin%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bwell . dead . 13 October 2012 . . 27 March 2010 .
130. Wagner 2010, p. 252.
131. Web site: Simms. Kelley. Meads of Asphodel – 'The Murder of Jesus the Jew'. About.com. 19 June 2013. 2 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202202603/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/meadsofasphodel/gr/Meads-Of-Asphodel-The-Murder-Of-Jesus-The-Jew-Review.htm. dead.
132. GameAxis Unwired. Essential Grunge. July 2008. 68. 21 March 2012. SPH Magazines. 0219-872X.
133. Web site: Harris, Chris . Metal File: As I Lay Dying, Meshuggah and Ill Nino . https://web.archive.org/web/20070715150451/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1503040/20050526/as_i_lay_dying.jhtml . dead . 15 July 2007 . Mtv.com . 15 April 2008.
134. Web site: For the Record: Quick News on Justin Timberlake, J. Lo, Pink, Mandy Moore, Heavy D, Sahara Hotnights & More . https://web.archive.org/web/20130824135120/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1470521/record-quick-news-on-justin-timberlake-j-lo-pink-mandy-moore-heavy-d-sahara-hotnights-more.jhtml . dead . 24 August 2013 . . . MTV News staff report . 13 March 2003 . 21 August 2013.
135. Web site: MacKenzie. Wilson. Motograter. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011.
136. Web site: Dominic. Serene. Get to know Mudvayne, here Sept. 2. The Arizona Republic. 28 March 2012. 28 August 2009. ...Mudvayne has been added to an ever growing list of metals: experimental metal, alternative metal, extreme metal, progressive metal, neo-progressive metal and the impressive pocket protector favorite, math metal..
137. Web site: Monger. James Christopher. Mushroomhead – The Righteous and the Butterfly. AllMusic. All Media Guide. 14 September 2016.
138. Wagner 2010, p. 245.
139. Web site: Rivadavia. Eduardo. Word as Law [Bonus Tracks]. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011.
140. Web site: Turull. Alisha. New Releases: The Agonist, Dope, The Funeral Pyre, The Number 12 Looks Like You, Zoroaster. Noisecreep. AOL. 6 August 2011. 10 March 2009.
141. Web site: Donnelly. Alessandra. O'Brother: Window of Opportunity. The Aquarian Weekly. Arts Weekly. 3 June 2012. 16 May 2012.
142. Web site: Croteau. Justin. August 2013. A Cold Day's Night. HM Magazine. 75–80. September 14, 2019.
143. Web site: Horn Jr. . Ray Van . The Ocean Fluxion Review – Review of Fluxion by The Ocean . . 3 August 2010 . 2 February 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140202202714/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/o/gr/theocean-fluxion.htm . dead .
144. Web site: Rivadavia. Eduardo. Opera IX. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 20 March 2012.
145. Web site: DaRonco, Mike . [{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p214051/biography|pure_url=yes}} Opeth – Biography – Allmusic ]. . 16 July 2010.
146. Web site: Listen: Top 5 Metal Bands You Should Know. Spin. Spin Media. 7 August 2011. 3. 22 April 2009.
147. Web site: Plagenhoef. Scott. DJ /rupture: Special Gunpowder. Pitchfork Media. 27 April 2012. 27 October 2004. ...a member of avant-metal group Oxbow....
148. Web site: Sharpe-Young . Garry . Pain of Salvation . https://web.archive.org/web/20140201233248/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/sweden/eskilstuna/pain%2Bof%2Bsalvation . dead . 1 February 2014 . . 30 May 2012 . Born, R. and Osokin, Andre .
149. Web site: Ankeny, Jason . [{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p194968|pure_url=yes}} allmusic (((Pan-Thy-Monium > Overview))) ]. Allmusic.com . 2 September 2010.
150. Web site: Powers. Ann. Norah Jones had to work to perfect shy charisma and evolve artistically. Chicago Tribune. 28 March 2012. Ann Powers. 2. 8 March 2007. ...and guested with hip-hop tricksters OutKast and experimental metal king Mike Patton..
151. Web site: Harris. Chris. White Noise: News on Ozzy Osbourne, Mastodon, Lamb of God, Pelican, Brain Drill and More. Noisecreep. AOL. 6 August 2011. 4 August 2009.
152. Web site: Periphery [Progressive/Math Metal/Ambient/Djent/Experimental]]. Metal Kingdom. 20 February 2013.
153. Web site: California Metal Drummer 'The Rev' Found Dead (Video). The Improper. Keith Girard. 25 June 2013. TheImproper Staff. 29 December 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20140225184632/http://www.theimproper.com/2149/califorinia-heavy-metal-drummer-the-rev-found-dead/. 25 February 2014. dead.
154. Web site: Ilvonen. Keagan. June 27th, 2010 (Week Prior). Absolute Punk. Buzz Media. 30 March 2012. 26 June 2010.
155. Web site: 12 O'Clock Track: Planning for Burial, "Wearing Sadness and Regret Upon Our Faces" . . 10 May 2012 . 11 October 2014 . Galil, Leor.
156. Web site: Gioffre. Daniel. A Peripheral Blur. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 27 April 2012.
157. Web site: Holmes. Paul. Polkadot Cadaver – Last Call In Jonestown. Music-News.com. 25 June 2013. 18 June 2013.
158. Web site: Halle. Karina. Album Review: Praxis – Profanation: Preparation for a Coming Darkness. Consequence of Sound. 20 March 2012. 31 January 2011.
159. Web site: Behemoth: Too Dangerous for Poland? Plus Agonist, Machine Head and More News That Rules, In Metal File. https://archive.today/20120914033210/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1563150/metal-file-behemoth-machine-head-amp-more.jhtml. dead. 14 September 2012. MTV. Viacom. 28 March 2012. Harris, Chris . Wiederhorn, John . amp. 22 June 2007. Experimental-metal outfit Protest the Hero have finished writing their second full-length album and are currently in Toronto's Silo recording studio with producer Julius 'Juice' Butty..
160. Web site: Bowar. Chad. New Heavy Metal Album Reviews: May 7, 2013. About.com. The New York Times Company. 2. 7 May 2013. 19 June 2013. 2 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202202709/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/tp/New-Heavy-Metal-Album-Reviews-May-7-2013.htm. dead.
161. Web site: Siolos. Vicki. Psyopus, 'The Burning Halo' – Video. Noisecreep. AOL. 27 May 2009.
162. Book: Wiseman-Trowse, Nathan. Performing Class in British Popular Music. Palgrave Macmillan. Basingstoke. 9780230219496. 168. 15 February 2008. ...the avant-metal of bands such as Sikth or Queen Adreena....
163. Web site: Simms. Kelley. Queensryche - Dedicated to Chaos Review. About.com. The New York Times Company. 19 June 2013. 8 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130408234839/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/queensryche/fr/Queensryche-Dedicated-To-Chaos-Review.htm. dead.
164. Web site: Monger. James Christopher. Qui. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011.
165. Web site: Floor. Rüdiger. Ram-Zet – Intra. Powermetal.de. Weihrauch Median Verlang. 26 April 2012. German. 7 October 2005.
166. Book: Charles Shaar Murray

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167. Web site: Solo. Mike. Interview: Russian Circles. Music Feeds. 14 July 2012. 24 June 2012.
168. Book: Chick, Steve. Psychic Confusion: The Sonic Youth Story. 2007. Music Sales Group. London. 9780857120540. 14 July 2012. ...avant-metal labelmates Saccharine Trust....
169. Web site: True. Chris. Samsaus Traum. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011.
170. Wagner 2010, p. 273.
171. Web site: Bowar. Chad. Shining – Live Blackjazz Review. About.com. The New York Times. 20 March 2012. 2 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202202437/http://heavymetal.about.com/b/2012/01/18/shining-live-blackjazz-review.htm. dead.
172. Web site: Jervis. Marcus. Niklas Kvarforth – Fifteen Years of Absolute Darkness Review. About.com. The New York Times. 19 June 2013. 2 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202202711/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/shining/fr/Niklas-Kvarforth-Fifteen-Years-Of-Absolute-Darkness-Review.htm. dead.
173. Wagner 2010, p. 305.
174. Web site: Sharpe-Young, Garry . Dark Tranquillity . https://web.archive.org/web/20090721144518/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/sweden/gothenburg/dark%2Btranquillity . dead . 21 July 2009 . . 28 June 2010 .
175. Web site: Glazer, Joshua . [{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r711108|pure_url=yes}} ''Of Natural History'' Review ]. . 3 July 2010.
176. Web site: Sharpe-Young, Garry . Smohalla . 5 November 2013.
177. Web site: Sharpe-Young, Garry . Solefald . . 29 April 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110811084532/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/norway/oslo/solefald . 11 August 2011 . dmy-all .
178. Web site: Painter. Harry. Moby drops turntables, starts metal band. Consequence of Sound. Alex Young. 19 June 2013. 4 May 2010. Rounding out the band is drummer/vocalist Tomato of experimental metal band Sound of Urchin..
179. Web site: Bowar. Chad. New Heavy Metal Album Reviews: February 19, 2013. About.com. The New York Times Company. 19 June 2013. 19 February 2013. Hayes, Craig. 13 April 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140413040951/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/bookreviews/tp/New-Heavy-Metal-Album-Reviews-February-19-2013.htm. dead.
180. Web site: KORN Touring Guitarist SHANE GIBSON Departs for Solo Project. Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. 25 August 2010. 19 June 2013.
181. Billboard. Billboard Magazine. 6 January 2007. 119. 1. 27. 6 August 2011. 0006-2510.
182. Web site: Harris. Chris. System of a Down Mezmerize NYC with Crushing 90-Minute Gig. https://web.archive.org/web/20121108174450/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1501594/system-down-mezmerize-nyc-crowd.jhtml. dead. 8 November 2012. MTV. Viacom International. 22 March 2012. 10 May 2005.
183. Web site: Hulme. Hannah. Heavy Metal Fat Out Fest returns to Salford after successful first year. Mancunian Matters. 14 July 2012. 22 June 2012. 2 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202095233/http://mancunianmatters.co.uk/content/22064090-heavy-metal-fat-out-fest-returns-salford-after-successful-first-year. dead.
184. Web site: Rivadavia. Eduardo. Demonoid. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011. ...vocalist Christofer Johnsson and brothers Kristian (guitar) and Johan Niemann (bass) of avant-garde metal veterans Therion....
185. Wagner, p. xvii.
186. Web site: Chinen. Nate. The Week Ahead | May 10 – May 16. The New York Times. 7 August 2011. 10 May 2009.
187. Web site: 2011 Metal Storm Awards – Staff Picks . 17 March 2012 .
188. Web site: McGuirk. Mike. Pain Is a Warning : Today Is the Day. Rhapsody. 30 March 2012.
189. Web site: For the Record: Quick News on Linkin Park, Justin Timberlake, Beyonce, 'Idol', iTunes & More. https://web.archive.org/web/20140203011025/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1556100/linkin-park-adding-more-minutes-new-lp.jhtml. dead. 3 February 2014. MTV. Viacom. MTV News Staff. 2 April 2007. ... Mike Patton's experimental-metal band Tomahawk will issue their forthcoming LP, Anonymous, June 19. ....
190. Web site: Kult Leader. Tombs Tour Diary Part 4: The Long Road Home. Revolver. Future US. 7 August 2011. 1 July 2011.
191. Web site: Monger. James Christopher. Tony Danza Tapdance Extravaganza. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011.
192. Book: Thompson, Dave. Dave Thompson (author)

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193. Web site: Gorania, Jay H. . Triptykon - Eparistera Daimones Review - Review of Eparistera Daimones by Triptykon - About.com . . 29 May 2010 . 3 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210527/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/t/gr/triptykon-eparistera.htm . dead .
194. Web site: Heller. Jason. This month's Loud brings new releases from Killing Joke, Cancer Bats, and other top noisemakers. The A.V. Club. The Onion. 19 June 2013. Semley, John. 2 May 2012.
195. Web site: Rivadavia. Eduardo. Blood Inside [Red Cover] . Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 6 August 2011.
196. Web site: Bowar. Chad. Unexpect – In a Flesh Aquarium. About.com. New York Times. 9 September 2011. 2 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202202601/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/unexpect.htm. dead.
197. Web site: Sharpe-Young, Garry . Ved Buens Ende . https://web.archive.org/web/20091003091103/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/norway/oslo/ved%2Bbuens%2Bende . dead . 3 October 2009 . . 29 April 2010 .
198. Book: Murray, Charles Shaar. Charles Shaar Murray

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199. Web site: Taylor. Laura. Elegant... and dying. Exclaim1. 7 November 2016. 1 January 2006.
200. Web site: Schultz. Jörg. Virgin Black – Elegant ... And Dying. Powermetal.de. Jaeger and Villbrandt. 7 November 2016. 19 July 2003.
201. Web site: Sharpe-Young, Garry . Voivod . . 23 May 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100609024148/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/canada/quebec/jonquiere/voivod . 9 June 2010 . dmy-all .
202. Web site: Prato. Greg. Dimension Hatröss. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. 18 May 2011.
203. Web site: Sharpe-Young, Garry . Waltari . https://web.archive.org/web/20090831043445/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/helsinki%2B/waltari1 . dead . 31 August 2009 . . 20 June 2009 .
204. Web site: Van Pelt . Doug . Wrench in the Works to release new album . . 6 August 2011 . January 2010 . As experimental metal begins to flow with the mainstream, Wrench in the Works desists from the gimmicks that plague the stage during so many metal-hardcore hybrid shows, allowing the unconventionality of their writing to shine through. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110610210700/http://www.hmmagazine.com/2010/01/wrench-in-the-works-to-release-new-album/ . 10 June 2011 . dmy-all .
205. Book: Palacios, Julian. Syd Barrett and Pink Floyd: Dark Globe. 2010. Plexus. 978-0859654319. 6 August 2011. 443. ...the avant-garde metal of Yakuza and Pentagram....
206. Web site: Sharpe-Young . Garry . Zoroaster . https://web.archive.org/web/20090903214829/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united%2Bstates/georgia/atlanta/zoroaster . dead . 3 September 2009 . . 30 May 2012 .
207. January 2, 2019 . Avant-garde black metal occultists raise hell in Scotland . . 1754 . 57.