List of avant-garde films of the 1930s explained

A list of avant-garde and experimental films made in the 1930s. Unless where noted, all films had sound and were in black and white.

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Title	Director	Cast	Nation	Notes
1930
L'Âge d'Or	Luis Buñuel	Gaston Modot, Lya Lys, Max Ernst	France	Surrealist feature, produced by Charles de Noailles^[1]
Autour de la fin du monde	Eugène Deslaw	Abel Gance	France	Extraordinary, semi-experimental "making of" documentary shot on set of Abel Gance's "La fin du monde;" silent^[2]
Apteka (Pharmacy)	Stefan Themerson, Franciszka Themerson		Poland	Rayographic animation, lost^[3]
Aimless Walk	Alexandr Hackenschmied (Alexander Hammid)		Czechoslovakia	City film^[4]
Borderline	Kenneth Macpherson	Paul Robeson, H.D.	United Kingdom	Pool film; silent^[5]
A City Symphony	Herman G. Weinberg		United States	City film, never shown, disassembled and partly used in Autumn Fire^[6]
Crying for the Carolines	Leon Schlesinger, Neil McGuire	Milton Charles	United States	A "Spooney Melodie;" Semi-abstract music short^[7] ^[8]
Earth	Oleksandr Dovzhenko		Soviet Union	Silent feature; part of the director's Ukraine Trilogy.
It's a Bird	Harold Mueller	Charles Bowers, Lowell Thomas	United States	Semi-animated short where an egg transforms into an automobile^[9]
Ein Lichtspiel: Schwarz/Weiss/Grau	László Moholy-Nagy
Light Rhythms	Francis Brugière, Oswell Blakeston		United Kingdom	Light-oriented, non-animated abstract film^[10]
Mechanical Principles	Ralph Steiner		United States	Abstract film based on machinery; sometimes dated to 1933^[11]
Mennschen am Sonntag (People on Sunday)	Curt Siodmak, Robert Siodmak, Edgar G. Ulmer, Fred Zinnemann, Rochus Gliese	Erwin Splettstößer, Brigitte Borchert	Weimar Republic	City film, partly written by Billy Wilder; silent^[12]
The Power of Suggestion	M.G. MacPherson (director), Jean D. Michelson (editor)		United States	Artkino^[13] production; Lost film^[14]
À propos de Nice	Jean Vigo		France	City film
Romance Sentimentale	Grigory Alexandrov, Sergei Eisenstein	Mara Griy	France	"Étude cinematographique"^[15]
The Story of a Nobody	Jo Gerson, Louis Hirshman		United States	Experiment in subjective camerawork, Lost film^[16]
Studie(s) Nr. 2-4	Oskar Fischinger		Weimar Republic	Abstract animations; Nr. 4 Lost^[17]
R.5, Ein Spiel in Linien (Studie Nr. 5)	Oskar Fischinger		Weimar Republic	Abstract animation
Studie Nr. 6	Oskar Fischinger		Weimar Republic	Abstract animation
Such Is Life		Vera Baranovskaya, Theodor Pištěk	Czechoslovakia	Czech avant-garde social realist feature; silent^[18]
Tomatos Another Day	James Sibley Watson Jr.		United States	Absurdist comedy written by Alec Wilder^[19]
The Trap	M.G. MacPherson (director), Jean D. Michelson (editor)		United States	Artkino production, Lost film
Wochenende (Weekend)	Walter Ruttmann		Weimar Republic	Audio-only film collage; no image^[20]
Yamekraw	Murray Roth	Hugo Marianni & His Mediterraneans	United States	Vitaphone "opera film" visualization of tone poem by James Price Johnson, heavily indebted to German expressionism.^[21] ^[22] ^[23]
1931
Autumn Fire	Herman G. Weinberg	Erna Bergman, Willy Hildebrand	United States	Cinematic poem; mixed nature and city film
A Bronx Morning	Jay Leyda		United States	City film; silent^[24]
City of Contrasts	Irving Browning		United States	City film^[25]
Dance Film	Ralph Steiner		United States	Dance film
A Day in Santa Fe	Lynn Riggs, James Hughes		United States	City film^[26]
Douro, Faina Flouval	Manoel de Oliveira		Portugal	City film
Enthusiasm: Symphony of the Donbass	Dziga Vertov		Soviet Union	Documentary film with montage of both visuals and sound
Hearts of the West	Theodore Huff		United States	Genre parody
Imperial Valley	Seymour Stern		United States	Experimental documentary, sometimes dated to 1932 or 1933; Stern taken off production which was finished by others, Lost film^[27] ^[28]
Limite	Mário Peixoto	Olga Breno, Raul Schnoor	Brazil	Advertised as 'pure cinema;' first Brazilian avant-garde film^[29]
At the Prague Castle	Alexandr Hackenschmied		Czechoslovakia	Semi-documentary
Panther Woman of the Needle Trades, or The Lovely Life of Little Lisa	Ralph Steiner	Elizabeth Hawes, Morris Carnovsky	United States	Satire, print extant at MOMA
Portrait of a Young Man in Three Movements	Henwar Rodakiewicz		United States	Feature length experimental film, begun in 1925^[30] ^[31]
Studie(s) Nr. 7-9	Oskar Fischinger		Weimar Republic	Abstract animation
Surf and Seaweed	Ralph Steiner		United States	Photographic abstract film, sometimes dated to 1930.^[32]
The Light Penetrates the Darkness	Otakar Vávra, František Pilát		Czechoslovakia	Photographic abstract film^[33]
Taris, roi de l'eau	Jean Vigo		France	Documentary about a swimming champion
1932
Blood of a Poet		Lee Miller, Pauline Carton, Odette Talazacuez	France	Surrealist feature, produced by Charles de Noailles; often misdated to 1930–31^[34]
Burleska	Jan Kučera		Czechoslovakia	Experimental short; Kučera's only film^[35]
Destiny	Josef Berne		United States	Dated "ca. 1932"
Europa	Stefan Themerson, Franciszka Themerson		Poland	Abstract animation, based on the poem by Anatol Stern; lost, but partially reconstructed in 1984
The Fortune Teller	Jerome Hill		United States	Tinting and hand-coloring added in the 1960s^[36] ^[37]
Granite, a.k.a. The Quarry	Ralph Steiner		United States
Harbor Scenes	Ralph Steiner		United States
Histoire du soldat inconnu	Henri Storck		Belgium
L'idée	Berthold Bartosch		France	Surreal animation; music by Arthur Honegger
Koloraturen (Coloratura)	Oskar Fischinger		Weimar Republic	Abstract animation
Kuhle Wampe	Bertolt Brecht, Slatan Dudow		Weimar Republic	Agitprop film, written by Bertolt Brecht with music by Hanns Eisler.
Land of the Sun	Seymour Stern		United States	Experimental documentary^[38]
Little Geezer	Theodore Huff		United States	Genre parody^[39]
Ornament Sound Experiments	Oskar Fischinger		Weimar Republic	Synthetic sound experiments
Poem 8	Emlen Etting	Mary Binney Montgomery, Caresse Crosby	United States	Dance film, shot in 8mm, silent^[40]
Před maturitou (Before Matriculation)	Svatopluk Innemann, Vladislav Vančura	Jindřich Plachta, František Smolík	Czechoslovakia	Semi-experimental feature film^[41]
Qué vivá México!	Sergei Eisenstein, Grigori Alexandrov	Félix Balderas, Martín Hernández	Mexico	Begun in 1931, never completed by Eisenstein; edited into numerous other films^[42]
Studie(s) Nr. 10-11	Oskar Fischinger		Weimar Republic	Abstract animation
Studie Nr. 12	Oskar Fischinger, Hans Fischinger		Weimar Republic	Abstract animation
Sur les bords de la caméra (Pictures on the Sideline)	Henri Storck		Belgium
Visions of Lourdes	Charles Dekeukeleire		Belgium
1933
7 till 5	Norman McLaren		United Kingdom	Amateur city film^[43]
Dawn to Dawn	Josef Berne, Seymour Stern	Julie Haydon, Ole M. Ness, Frank Eklof	United States	a.k.a. "Black Dawn," short, Naturalist melodrama^[44]
Deserter	Vsevolod Pudovkin	Boris Livanov, Vasili Kovrigin	Soviet Union	Asynchronous use of sound and image^[45]
Drobiazg Melodyjny (Moment Musical)	Stefan Themerson, Franciszka Themerson		Poland	Rayographic animation, Lost
Footnote to Fact	Lewis Jacobs		United States	City film^[46]
G-3	Ralph Steiner		United States	Also dated to 1932^[47]
Las Hurdes: Tierra Sin Pan	Luis Buñuel	Abel Jacquin, Alexandre O'Neill	Spain	Documentary, co-written by Buñuel and Surrealist poet Pierre Unik, with music by Darius Milhaud
In the Icy Wastes of Dialectical Materialism	Luis Buñuel, Charles de Noailles		France	Re-edited section of L'age d'or, rendered as comedy and shown in leftist theaters in Eastern Europe; lost.^[48]
Lot in Sodom	James Sibley Watson Jr., Melville Webber	Friedrich Haak, Hildegarde Watson	United States	Experimental short based on Biblical story^[49]
Mr. Motorboat's Last Stand	John Flory, Theodore Huff	Leonard Stirrup	United States	Satire^[50]
On the Sunny Side	Vladislav Vančura	Filip Balek-Brodský, Hana Bečková	Czechoslovakia	Didactic feature film^[51]
Une nuit sur le mont chauve	Alexandre Alexieff, Claire Parker		France	First pinscreen animation, also dated to 1934, 1931^[52]
Oil—A Symphony in Motion	M.G. MacPherson (director), Jean D. Michelson (editor)		United States	Only extant Artkino production^[53] ^[54] ^[55] ^[56]
Oramunde	Emlen Etting	Caresse Crosby, Mary Binney Montgomery	United States	Dance film^[57]
Poslovi konzula Dorgena (Consul Dorgen's Business)	Oktavijan Miletić	Šime Marov, Ivan Alpi-Rauch	Yugoslavia	Experimental dramatic short; won a prize awarded by Louis Lumière^[58] ^[59]
Prostoy sluchay (A Simple Case)	Vsevolod Pudovkin	Aleksandr Baturin, Mariya Belousova	Soviet Union	Naturalist drama, begun in 1931; silent^[60]
Pueblo	Seymour Stern		United States	Experimental documentary; never finished, Lost film
Synchromy	Mary Ellen Bute, Lewis Jacobs, Joseph Schillinger		United States	Abstract animation, never completed^[61]
Tilly Losch in the Dance of Her Hands	Norman Bel Geddes	Tilly Losch	United States	Dance film, dated 1930–33
The Earth Sings	Karel Plicka, Alexandr Hackenschmied		Czechoslovakia	Experimentally edited ethnographic semi-documentary, with music score
Zéro de conduite	Jean Vigo		France
1934
Atoms of Eternity	Čeněk Zahradníček		Czechoslovakia
Beyond This Open Road	B. Vivian Braun		United Kingdom
Café Universal	Ralph Steiner		United States	Satire featuring members of The Group Theatre
Camera Makes Whoopee	Norman McLaren		United Kingdom	Amateur film; montage experiments^[62]
La Joie de vivre	Anthony Gross, Hector Hoppin		France	Stylized, surreal animated film^[63]
The Furies	Slavko Vorkapich		United States	Surreal special effects insert for feature, "Crime without Passion"^[64]
Hands	Ralph Steiner, Willard Van Dyke		United States	Sponsored by the Works Project Administration; also dated 1936-7 and edited into later films^[65]
Happiness	Aleksandr Medvedkin	Petr Zinoviev, Elena Egorova	Soviet Union	Soviet satire; stylized, silent^[66]
The Hearts of Age	William Vance, Orson Welles	Virginia Nicolson, Orson Welles	United States	Amateur experimental film, made at the Todd School, Chicago
Kreise (Circles)	Oskar Fischinger		Weimar Republic	Abstract animation, exists in two versions, color
Liebesspiel	Oskar Fischinger		Nazi Germany	Abstract animation, first exhibited posthumously; silent
Man of Aran	Robert J. Flaherty		Ireland	Fictionalised documentary
Marijka nevěrnice (Faithless Maritza)	Vladislav Vančura	Hana Maria Pravda	Czechoslovakia	Semi-experimental feature^[67]
Muratti Greift Ein (Muratti Gets in the Act)	Oskar Fischinger		Nazi Germany	Dancing cigarette animation, Gasparcolor
Prisoner	Roman Freulich	George Sari, Jack Rockwell	United States	Expressionistic short, made in Hollywood, lost film
Quadrate (Squares)	Oskar Fischinger		Nazi Germany	Abstract animation, silent, Gasparcolor
Rhythm in Light	Mary Ellen Bute		United States	Abstract animation^[68]
Ein Spiel in Farben (A Play in Colors)	Oskar Fischinger		Nazi Germany	Abstract animation, a.k.a. Studie No. 11a, color
Studie Nr. 13 (Coriolan Fragment)	Oskar Fischinger		Nazi Germany	Abstract animation, unfinished
Sweet Land of Liberty	Leo Hurwitz		United States	Satirical documentary; Lost film^[69]
Žijeme v Praze (We Live in Prague)	Otakar Vávra		Czechoslovakia	City film^[70]
1935
A Colour Box	Len Lye		United Kingdom
Colour Cocktail	Norman McLaren		United Kingdom	Abstract animation; lost film^[71]
Ghost Town: The Story of Fort Lee	Theodore Huff, Mark Borgatte		United States	Semi-documentary^[72]
Gypsy Night	Josef Berne, Harold Hecht		United States	Musical short, set in a Gypsy camp, color^[73]
The Hands on Tuesday	Čeněk Zahradníček		Czechoslovakia	^[74]
Hollywood	Vic Kandel, Robert Del Duca		United States	Satire, Lost film
Kinetic Molpai	Ted Shawn	Ted Shawn and his Men Dancers	United States	Modern dance film^[75]
Komposition in Blau (Composition in Blue)	Oskar Fischinger		Nazi Germany	Abstract animation in Gasparcolour
November	Otakar Vávra, Alexandr Hackenschmied		Czechoslovakia
Muratti Privat	Oskar Fischinger		Nazi Germany	Dancing cigarette animation, black and white
Pie in the Sky	Ralph Steiner, Elia Kazan, Molly Day Thatcher, Irving Lerner	Elia Kazan, Russell Collins	United States	Satire^[76]
Pink Guards On Parade	Oskar Fischinger		Nazi Germany	Abstract advertisement, Gasparcolor, unfinished; recreation on video made in 2000 by William Moritz
Poison	Man Ray	Man Ray, Meret Oppenheim	France	Double "portrait" film of Ray and Oppenheim^[77]
Polychrome Phantasy	Norman McLaren		Canada	Abstract animation, color^[78]
Synchromy No. 2	Mary Ellen Bute, Ted Nemeth		United States	Abstract animation^[79]
Zwarcie (Short Circuit)	Stefan Themerson, Franciszka Themerson		Poland	Abstract animation, music by Witold Lutoslawski, Lost
1936
145 W 21	Rudy Burckhardt	Paul Bowles, Aaron Copland	United States	^[80]
The Birth of the Robot	Len Lye		United Kingdom
Black and White Rhapsody	Martin Frič		Czechoslovakia	City film
Dada	Mary Ellen Bute, produced by Ted Nemeth		United States	Abstract animation, black and white^[81]
Hell Unlimited	Helen Biggar, Norman McLaren		United Kingdom	Anti-war political short^[82]
The New Architecture and the London Zoo	László Moholy-Nagy		United Kingdom
Redes	Emilio Gómez Muriel, Fred Zinnemann	Silvio Hernández, Rafael Hinojosa	Mexico	Cinematography by Paul Strand, music by Silvestre Revueltas; Eisenstein-influenced revolutionary film^[83]
Rose Hobart	Joseph Cornell		United States	Collage film^[84]
1937
Even—As You and I	LeRoy Robbins, Harry Hay		United States
Escape	Mary Ellen Bute, produced by Ted Nemeth		United States	Abstract animation, color
Monsieur Fantômas	Ernst Moerman		Belgium
An Optical Poem	Oskar Fischinger		United States	Abstract animation, distributed by MGM, color
Parabola	Mary Ellen Bute, Ted Nemeth, Bill Nemeth, Rutherford Boyd		United States	Abstract animation^[85]
Przygoda Czlowieka Poczciwego (The Adventure of a Good Citizen)	Stefan Themerson, Franciszka Themerson		Poland	Satire
Seeing the World No. 1: A Trip to New York CIty	Rudy Burckhardt		United States	City film
Silnice spívá (The Highway Sings)	Elmar Klos, Alexandr Hackenschmied		Czechoslovakia	Experimental advertising film
1938
Bookstalls	Joseph Cornell		United States	Collage film, title added posthumously; Silent^[86]
Carousel: Animal Opera	Joseph Cornell		United States	Collage film
The Children's Jury	Joseph Cornell		United States	Collage film, Silent
The Children's Trilogy: Cotillion, The Midnight Party, The Children's Party	Joseph Cornell		United States	Collage film, put into a final form by Larry Jordan ca. 1967–70, Silent
Family Film	José Val del Omar		Spain
Fragment from Caroland's Mansion	Frank Stauffacher		United States	^[87]
Jack's Dream	Joseph Cornell		United States	Collage film, put into a final form by Larry Jordan ca. 1970
N or NW	Len Lye		United Kingdom
Thimble Theater	Joseph Cornell		United States	Collage film, title added posthumously; Silent
Tree Trunk to Head	Lewis Jacobs	Chaim Gross	United States	Semi-documentary, silent^[88]
1939
The City	Ralph Steiner, Willard Van Dyke		United States	City film for New York World's Fair, written by Pare Lorentz^[89]
Dance of the Colors	Hans Fischinger		Germany	Abstract animation, color
Haiti	Rudy Burckhardt		United States	^[90] ^[91] ^[92]
Love on the Wing	Norman McLaren		United Kingdom	Abstract animation, color^[93]
Scherzo	Norman McLaren		United Kingdom	Abstract animation, color
Spare Time	Humphrey Jennings		United Kingdom	Short documentary about British people at leisure, inspired by Mass Observation
Spook Sport	Mary Ellen Bute, Ted Nemeth, Norman McLaren		United States	Abstract animation, color, animation by McLaren
Stars and Stripes	Norman McLaren		United Kingdom	Abstract animation, color^[94]
Time in the Sun	Marie Seton		United Kingdom	Composite film, made of footage shot by Sergei Eisenstein for Qué vivá México!^[95]

Bibliography

• Jan Christopher Horak, ed. Lovers of Cinema: The First American Avant-Garde, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1995
  • Lovers of Cinema: The First American Avant-Garde, 1919–1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998.
• Paul Rotha and Roger Manvell, "Movie Parade: A Pictorial Survey of the Cinema" London: The Studio, 1936
• Parker Tyler, "Underground Film: A Critical History" New York: Da Capo Press, 1995 (originally published in 1969)
• David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" New York: Universe Books, 1970
• Bruce Posner, ed. Unseen Cinema: Early American Avant-Garde Film, Black Thistle Press/Anthology Film Archives, NYC 2001

Notes and References

1. Web site: L'Age d'Or (1930). IMDb.
2. Web site: DVD Savant Review: La fin du monde (The End of the World) (1931). dvdtalk.com.
3. Web site: Untitled Document.
4. Web site: Alexandr Hackenschmied – Monoskop. monoskop.org.
5. Web site: Borderline (1930). IMDb.
6. Jan Christopher Horak, ed. Lovers of Cinema: The First American Avant-Garde, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1995
7. Web site: Crying for the Carolines (1930). IMDb.
8. Web site: SM001 Crying For The Carolines (Dec., 1930). YouTube.
9. Web site: It's a Bird (1930). IMDb.
10. https://web.archive.org/web/20230323025839/http://www.unseen-cinema.com/ Unseen Cinema Program
11. Web site: Mechanical Principles (1931). IMDb.
12. Web site: People on Sunday (1930). IMDb.
13. Web site: Unseen cinema. 1, The mechanized eye. Episode 16, "Oil" : a symphony in motion / Cineric, Inc. presents ; by Jean Michelson and M.G. MacPherson for Artkino ; direction, M.G. MacPherson . catalog.library.vanderbilt.edu . 29 January 2022 . en . Unrelated to the U.S. distributor of Soviet films, Artkino was the name chosen by two amateur movie enthusiasts, Jean D. Michelson and M.G. McPherson, from Burbank, California. In the late 1920s and early 1930s they completed several fiction shorts, which they shot in 35mm, including "War Under the Sea” (1929), "The Trap” (1930), and "Oil” (1930–33). —JAN-CHRISTOPHER HORAK.
14. Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919–1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998.
15. Web site: Sentimental Romance (1930). IMDb.
16. Bruce Posner, ed. Unseen Cinema: Early American Avant-Garde Film, Black Thistle Press/Anthology Film Archives, NYC 2001
17. Moritz, William. Optical Poetry, filmography
18. Web site: BAM/PFA Film Program. https://web.archive.org/web/20130707130252/http://www.bampfa.berkeley.edu/film/FN16483. dead. 7 July 2013.
19. Web site: Tomatos Another Day (1930). IMDb.
20. http://www.jesseshapins.net/writings/JShapins_RuttmannWeekend_Jan2008.pdf Jesse Shapins, "Walter Ruttmann's Weekend"
21. Web site: Keep (it) Swinging: Yamekraw – a rhapsody in black and white.
22. Jennifer Fleeger – Sounding American: Hollywood, Opera and Jazz. Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York, 2014 ppg. 44–51
23. Richard Koszarski – Hollywood on the Hudson: Film and Television in New York from Griffith to Sarnoff. Rutgers University Press, Piscataway, NJ 2008, ppg. 155–159
24. Web site: A Bronx Morning (1931). IMDb.
25. https://web.archive.org/web/20081121082121/http://www.unseen-cinema.com/programs.html Unseen Cinema program
26. Web site: A Day in Santa Fe (1931). IMDb.
27. Ira H. Gallen, Seymour Stern: American Film Critic, Guardian and Prophet SEYMOUR STERN: AMERICAN FILM CRITIC, GUARDIAN and PROPHET by D.W. GRIFFITH – DIRECTOR on Myspace
28. Web site: Imperial Valley (1931). IMDb.
29. Web site: Mário Peixoto (1908–1992). gildasattic.com.
30. Web site: Portrait of a Young Man in Three Movements (1931). IMDb.
31. Web site: the art of memory: henwar rodakiewicz, water, light and the mechanized eye. The Art Of. Memory. 18 March 2007.
32. Web site: Surf and Seaweed (1931). IMDb.
33. Web site: The Light Penetrates the Dark (1931). IMDb.
34. Web site: The Blood of a Poet (1932). IMDb.
35. Peter Hames: Czech and Slovak Cinema: Theme and Tradition, Edinburgh University Press, 2009
36. Web site: La cartomancienne (1932). IMDb.
37. http://www.unseen-cinema.com Unseen Cinema program
38. Lewis Jacobs, Experimental Cinema in America Part One: 1921–1941, Hollywood Quarterly Vol.3 No. 2, Winter 1947–48
39. Web site: Little Geezer (1932). IMDb.
40. Web site: Poem 8 (1932). IMDb.
41. Web site: Pred maturitou (1932). IMDb.
42. [Herman G. Weinberg]
43. Web site: 7 Till 5 (1933). IMDb.
44. Web site: Dawn to Dawn (1933). IMDb.
45. Web site: Soviet Films blog.
46. Web site: Footnote to Fact (1933). IMDb.
47. http://www.roberthaller.com/firstlight/steiner.html First Light: Steiner
48. Web site: L'Age d'Or (1931) – Luis Buñuel | Review | AllMovie. AllMovie.
49. Web site: Lot in Sodom (1933). IMDb.
50. Web site: Mr. Motorboat's Last Stand (1933). IMDb.
51. Web site: Na slunecní strane (1933). IMDb.
52. Web site: A Night on Bald Mountain (1938). IMDb.
53. Web site: Oil: A Symphony in Motion – ARTKINO . Canyon Cinema . 29 January 2022 . en.
54. Web site: Oil: A Symphony in Motion (1933) . UCLA Film & Television Archive . cinema.ucla.edu . 29 January 2022 . Oil was produced by a Los Angeles collective of amateur filmmakers, called "Artkino," who here attempted a lyric documentary from the point of view of the oil itself. Cinematographer: Jean Michelson..
55. Web site: disc 1: THE MECHANIZED EYE . Unseen Cinema . 29 January 2022 . one of a seven-DVD series exploring American avant-garde cinema from 1894–1941..
56. Web site: Unseen Cinema Complete Program . The Ballet mécanique Project . 29 January 2022.
57. Web site: Oramunde (1933). IMDb.
58. http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PY/362/see-the-film-consul_dorgens_business Europa film treasures
59. Web site: Poslovi konzula Dorgena (1933). IMDb.
60. Web site: Soviet Films blog.
61. Web site: Synchromy No. 1 (1934). IMDb.
62. Web site: Camera Makes Whoopee (1935). IMDb.
63. http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PY/273/see-the-film-the_joy_of_living La Joie de Vivre – 1934 – Europa Film Treasures
64. http://www.unseen-cinema.com Unseen Cinema on DVD
65. https://research.archives.gov/description/12361 NARA entry
66. http://www.rusfilm.pitt.edu/2012/Happiness.html Russian Film Symposium essay
67. Web site: Marijka nevernice (1934). IMDb.
68. Web site: Rhythm in Light (1935). IMDb.
69. Web site: Film and Photo League Filmography compiled by Russell Campbell and William Alexander. ejumpcut.org.
70. Web site: Otakar Vávra – Monoskop. monoskop.org.
71. Web site: Colour Cocktail (1935). IMDb.
72. Web site: Mallory . Mary . 52nd Cinecon Offers Something for Everyone . ladailymirror.com . en . 9 September 2016 . “Ghost Town: The Story of Fort Lee” (1935, Theodore Huff) played after lunch Monday afternoon, a sad and moving documentary about the disappearing or destroyed silent film studios of Fort Lee, a metaphor for the Great Depression and the United States’ financial collapse..
73. Web site: Gypsy Night (1935). IMDb.
74. Web site: Čeněk Zahradníček – Monoskop. monoskop.org.
75. Web site: 100 Dance Treasures: Ted Shawn.
76. Web site: Pie in the Sky. IMDb.
77. Web site: Man Ray – 3 Short Films and a Documentary. https://web.archive.org/web/20140131085014/http://www.ikono.org/2012/02/man-ray-3-short-films-and-a-documentary/. dead. 31 January 2014. ikono.org.
78. Web site: Polychrome Fantasy (1935). IMDb.
79. Web site: Synchromy No. 2 (1936). IMDb.
80. Web site: Rudy Burckhardt Films DVD.
81. Web site: Mary Ellen Bute. Center for Visual Music, Los Angeles.
82. Web site: Hell Unltd (1936). IMDb.
83. Web site: Redes. The Criterion Collection.
84. Web site: Rose Hobart – Senses of Cinema. Brian L.. Frye.
85. Web site: Parábola (1937). IMDb.
86. Web site: Film Notes: Bookstalls. n.d. A collage by Joseph Cornell.. 10 July 2010.
87. http://www.unseen-cinema.com/programs.html Unseen Cinema program #11
88. Web site: Tree Trunk to Head (1938). IMDb.
89. Web site: The City (1939). IMDb.
90. Web site: A Simple Representation of What Is: Rudy Burckhardt; Notes on Four Films by Rudolph Burckhardt. Richard . Bartone.
91. Table of contents . . Winter–Spring 1979 . 1 . 3 . 29 January 2022 . Film/Theatre/Compositional Matrix.
92. Film / Theater / Compositional Matrix . Millennium Film Journal . Winter–Spring 1979 . 1 . 3 . 29 January 2022.
93. Web site: Love on the Wing (1939). IMDb.
94. Web site: Stars and Stripes (1939). IMDb.
95. Web site: Movie Review - - THE SCREEN; 'Time in the Sun,' a Documentary of Mexico, Based on Eisenstein's Material, at the Fifth Avenue - NYTimes.com. The New York Times. en. 20 August 2017.