The following is a list, by period and country, of armed merchant ships used since the late 19th century in the role of auxiliary cruisers, also called armed merchant cruisers.
| Name | Comment | |
|---|---|---|
| (ex-Yumuri) | ||
| (ex-El Cid) | ||
| (ex-El Rio) | ||
| (ex-Austin) | ||
| (ex-El Sol) | ||
| (ex-Yorktown) | ||
| (ex-El Norte) | ||
| (ex-El Sud) |
Note: This listing is incomplete.
| Name | Notes | |
|---|---|---|
| Lost on 29 February 1916. | ||
| In service 23 Aug. 15-20 Dec 19. 1 of over 60 commissioned AMC's employed on patrol and later convoy protection, 33 served with 10th Cruiser Squadron on Northern Patrol. | ||
| Post war, Allan line was taken over by CP and SS Alsatian was named RMS Empress of France 4 April 1919. | ||
| Became depot ship October 1915.[1] | ||
| Ex-Aotearoa, torpedoed and lost on 14 June 1917. | ||
| Lost on 11 March 1915 off Carswell Point, Stranraer - sunk by . | ||
| Lost on 1 March 1918. | ||
| Ex-Calypso, lost 10 July 1916. | ||
| Torpedoed 6 May 1915, sunk by | ||
| Became accommodation ship July 1915, foundered 26 September 1915. | ||
| Victor of the Battle of Trindade, served at Gallipoli and thereafter as a troopship, returned to civilian service by 1919. | ||
| Lost on 3 February 1915. | ||
| Ex-Columbia, Anchor Line. | ||
| Transferred to French Navy as Artois on 24 November 1915, renamed Digby July 1917. | ||
| Requisitioned 1914, released to civilian service October 1915, re-requisitioned 1918 until 1919. | ||
| Returned from Navy July 1915, Captured 26 July 1916. | ||
| Lost on 25 May 1917, sunk by . | ||
| Lost on 8 August 1915. | ||
| Lost on 25 February 1917, sunk by . | ||
| Lost on 23 January 1917. | ||
| Although on the list of the British Admiralty's AMCs, it never performed in this role, and remained in civilian use. Lost 7 May 1915, sunk by . Sister ship of, also on this list. | ||
| Lost on 23 July 1918. | ||
| Sister ship of, also on this list. | ||
| Lost on 23 May 1918. | ||
| Was serving as an auxiliary transport during the Allied landings in French North Africa in November, 1942. She had disembarked her troops at Bougie and had turned about for home when, toward evening on the 14th, she was bombed and sunk some distance off Bougie. Thirty-one persons were killed. Capt. Parfitt was among the survivors.[2] | ||
| Lost on 8 September 1914, ran aground. RMS Oceanic was one of the rescue vessels that retrieved bodies from the sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912. | ||
| Rammed on 12 May 1918, the only known incident in World War I in which a merchant vessel sank an enemy warship. | ||
| Converted to Hospital Ship in 1918. Returned to the owners in 1919 but never refitted, being broken up in 1922. | ||
| Lost on 19 October 1917. | ||
| Also served in the Second World War as a troop carrier from 1941 to 1946. | ||
| Transferred to France as Champagne on 2 December 1915. Renamed as Oropesa in July 1917. | ||
| Survived the Battle of Coronel, stranded on Islay after a collision with the steamship on 6 October 1918. | ||
| Lost on 23 July 1917 torpedoed by German submarine UC 49. | ||
| Lost on 13 June 1918. | ||
| Ex-Kronprincess Cecilie; Acted as dummy battleship .[3] | ||
| Commissioned into the 10th Cruiser Squadron. In 1916, she was refitted with 6-inch guns, and served as a convoy escort ship as well as being used for troop transport. | ||
| Ex-RMS Atrato (1888), RMS Viking (1912). Lost on 13 January 1915 off Tory Island. | ||
| Name | Comment | |
|---|---|---|
| Ex-Royal Navy Digby. | ||
| Ex-Royal Navy Oropesa, lost on 9 October 1917. |
| Name | Comment | |
|---|---|---|
| Used the alias Carmania; Cap Trafalgar was sunk by which used the alias Cap Trafalgar. | ||
| Geier | ||
| Iltis | Formerly Turritella and Gutenfels | |
| Formerly Deutschland | ||
| Formerly Cap Polonio | ||
| Formerly Belgravia | ||
| Formerly Wachtfels |
The Spanish Nationalists, whose navy was substantially outnumbered by the Republicans, made an extensive use of auxiliary cruisers during the Spanish Civil War, two of them on loan from Italy:
| Name | Comment | |
|---|---|---|
| Mar Cantábrico | Formerly a merchant ship under Republican control, she was captured by the Nationalist cruiser on 8 March 1937 off Santander. Assisted by the minelayer Vulcano, she took the largest foreign prize of the war with the capture of the Greek steamer Victoria, of 6600LT, on 16 May 1938.[4] | |
| A freighter under Republican flag at the beginning of the war, her captain and crew changed loyalties off Bone in September 1937, while returning to Barcelona from the Soviet Union. She seized the last foreign cargo ship captured during the civil war, the British Stangate off Valencia on 16 March 1939, despite the opposition of .[5] [6] | ||
| Ciudad de Valencia | She used the alias Nadir for operations in the North Sea. She sank the Republican merchantman off Cromer, Norfolk, on 2 November 1938.[7] The Republican steamers Josiña and Guernica were forced to seek shelter in Norwegian and Swedish waters, where the latter ran aground on 19 November at the island of Nidingen, in the Kattegat. Josiña reached Kristiansand, and she remained interned there until 1939.[8] [9] | |
| Ciudad de Alicante | She supported the Ciudad de Valencia in the North Sea, where she played a secondary role in the capture of the Republican steamers Sil and Río Miera. Both Ciudad de Alicante and Ciudad de Valencia used the German port of Emdem as a resupply base.[10] | |
| Ciudad de Palma | Converted to a warship in Italy in 1936. She assisted the minelayer Júpiter in the capture of the British cargo ship Candlestone Castle in the Bay of Biscay on 17 July 1937. | |
| Ciudad de Mahón | Captured by the rebels at Palma, she was armed and dispatched to Spanish Guinea, still under Republican control, on 14 October 1936. Once there, waving the Portuguese flag, Ciudad de Mahón entered the ports of Santa Isabel and Bata, where she sank the Republican freighter Fernando Poo.[11] | |
| Vicente Puchol | After an initial deployment as an improvised minelayer, she was later converted to an auxiliary cruiser. She seized the 1,743-ton steamer Pomaron on 21 February 1938. The ship was the property of Strubin & Co. of London, and was sailing under Estonian flag. The freighter was confiscated and placed under Spanish flag as Castillo Butrón.[12] | |
| Antonio Lázaro | After an initial deployment as an improvised minelayer, she was later converted to an auxiliary cruiser. The British liner Llandovery Castle was badly damaged when she struck a mine laid by Lázaro off Cap de Creus on 25 February 1937.[13] | |
| Domine | Active as auxiliary cruiser in the bay of Biscay from September to December 1936. Converted into a fast transport to carry allied moor pilgrims to Mecca in January 1937, she was later deployed in the Mediterranean as supply ship.[14] | |
| Mallorca | Used primarily as a military transport, she captured a number of merchants in the Strait of Gibraltar in 1937. | |
| Italian Barletta | Renamed Rio during operations in the Spanish Civil War. She captured the Greek tanker Burlington (under UK flag) in the central Mediterranean in 1937. Attacked at Palma de Mallorca by Republican bombers on 26 May 1937. After carrying out four missions, she was disarmed and used as supply ship by Nationalist forces before being returned to Italy. She saw service also during WWII under Italian flag. | |
| Italian Adriatico | Renamed Lago during operations in the Spanish Civil War. After three unsuccessful missions, she was disarmed and used as supply ship by Nationalist forces before being returned to Italy. She saw service also during World War II under Italian flag. Sunk by light cruiser off Cape Bon on 1 December 1941. |
The Armed merchant cruisers were made by requisitioning large ships and providing them with guns and other equipment. They ranged from 6000-. The armament varied but six 6inches guns with 3inches guns as secondary was usual. From 1941, many served as troopships.
| Name | Comment | |
|---|---|---|
| Lost 16 June 1940, sunk by . | ||
| Decommissioned 25 July 1941, converted to troopship, survived the War. | ||
| Equipped with a Vought Kingfisher seaplane and a centerline twin 6-inch gun turret on the bow, converted to a troopship 1944 and survived the War | ||
| Lost 6 June 1940, sunk by west of Ireland. | ||
| Lost on 6 April 1941. Her burnt out wreck was sunk by . | ||
| Lost on 27 August 1940, sunk by west of Ireland. | ||
| sunk by on 2 December 1940. | ||
| Was decommissioned when lost on 5 April 1942 during the Japanese Indian Ocean raid. | ||
| Lost on 5 November 1940 in an engagement against the . Her commander, Captain Fegen, was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross. | ||
| Transferred to the Royal Australian Navy as a Landing Ship Infantry in 1943 | ||
| Lost on 3 November 1940, sunk by west of Ireland. | ||
| Lost on 4 November 1940, sunk by west of Ireland. | ||
| Converted into an escort carrier as HMS Pretoria Castle. | ||
| Lost on 13 April 1941, sunk by west of Ireland. | ||
| Launched in 1924, commissioned as AMC in December 1939 | ||
| Lost on 23 November 1939, sunk by Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. Her commander, Captain Edward Coverley Kennedy, was posthumously Mentioned in Dispatches. | ||
| Lost on 13 May 1941, sunk by, North Atlantic. | ||
| Lost on 13 June 1940, sunk by northwest of Ireland. | ||
| Lost on 10 August 1940, sunk by north-west of Malin Head. | ||
| Lost on 4 April 1941, sunk by . | ||
| Damaged by on 3 April 1941 |
French auxiliary cruisers were armed with 138 mm, 152 mm or 150 mm guns, 75 mm and 37 mm AA guns and 13.2 mm or 8 mm AA HMG
At the outbreak of war, the Kriegsmarine requisitioned a number of fast merchantmen and immediately sent them into naval shipyards to be converted into offensive auxiliary cruisers. These ships had at the time of building been fitted with extra strong decks specifically to facilitate the installation of military equipment when required, but this was the only difference between them and other merchantmen of the period. No precise plans had been drawn up for the conversion of these ships into warships, and consequently the conversion process was painfully long. Compared to the diversity of British auxiliary cruisers, the Hilfskreuzer were standardized insofar as possible. The ships themselves averaged approximately 7000LT. Armament usually consisted of six 6 in guns, two to six torpedo tubes, and an assortment of 402NaN2, 37 mm, and 202NaN2 automatic weapons. Most of these merchant raiders carried an Arado Ar 196 floatplane for reconnaissance.,, and were also equipped with small motor torpedo boats. In addition to armament, increased fuel, water, and coal storage had to be provided for as well. Furthermore, the raiders could not abandon the crews of their captures, so space had to be provided for prisoners. The first Hilfskreuzer got under way in March 1940, shortly before the Norwegian campaign.
See also: Japanese raiders in Indian Ocean Campaign and List of Japanese Auxiliary Cruiser Commerce Raiders.
Japan converted fourteen merchant ships to "armed merchant cruisers" but, by the end of 1943, five had been sunk and seven had been converted back to merchant ships.
Unlike the Germans and the Japanese, none of the armed merchant cruisers (or auxiliary cruisers) of the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina) were deployed to destroy or capture Allied merchant ships and were mostly used as supply ships or escorts. All of them mounted two 4.7inches guns.
The Romanian Navy had one auxiliary cruiser, Dacia. She was built in France in 1907 as a passenger ship. She was 109 meters long, her beam was 13 meters and her draught was 8 meters, and displaced 4,105 tons. Her top speed was 18kn. Initially she was an auxiliary minelayer, armed only with two 20 mm anti-aircraft guns and able to carry up to 200 mines. In 1942 she was also armed with three 105 mm naval/AA guns and designated as auxiliary cruiser (crucişător auxiliar).[15]