List of attacks on civilians attributed to Sri Lankan government forces explained

The following is a list of attacks on civilians attributed to armed groups under the control of the Sri Lankan government, which includes the Sri Lankan Army, Sri Lankan Navy, Sri Lankan Air Force, Sri Lankan Police Service, state-backed mobs and paramilitary groups (Home Guards, EPDP, PLOTE, TMVP, Ukussa, Black Cats etc.). This list does not contain assassinations which are listed in a separate article.

The Sri Lankan Armed Forces which was almost exclusively made up of Sinhalese[1] [2] [3] [4] ethnicity during the 30-year-long Sri Lankan Civil War and the two JVP insurrections, has engaged in several counts of violence against civilians including numerous instances of civilian massacres, ethnic cleansing, pogroms, forced disappearances, sexual violence, destruction of property and assassination of civil leaders.[5] Incidents of torture, extrajudicial killings and sexual violence have also persisted in the post war period especially against Tamils and other ethnic and sexual minorities.[6] [7] [8] [9]

Sri Lanka has also experienced attacks against civilians attributed to non state actors, such as the List of attacks attributed to the LTTE and the List of attacks on civilians attributed to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna.

Attacks in chronological order

scope=col width=225pxAttackscope=colDatescope=col width=100pxLocationscope=colDeath Toll Injuries, Rapes, and Property DamagesPerpetratorsscope=col width=100px class=unsortableReferences
28 May – 8 August 1915 Nationwide (official)[10] [11] [12]
12–13 August 1953 Nationwide [13] [14]
Nationwide + (estimated) 1,200 (official)[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
[21]
[22] [23] [24]
Puttalam massacre - [25] [26] [27]
August 1977 Nationwide
Murder of Iyathurai Indrarajah20 July 1979 [28]
1 June 1981 Library burned containing over 97,000 books and manuscripts[29]
-August 1981 Nationwide [30]
Shooting of two cyclists in Jaffna [31]
Murder of two youths near Madhu [32]
Murder of Navaratnarajah [33] [34]
Kantharmadam Army arson attack Kantharmadam, Jaffna64 houses, 3 mini buses, 9 cars, 3 motorcycles and 36 bikes set on fire and destroyed. Civilians assaulted.[35]
Arson attacks in Vavuniya Vavuniyacrops, huts, buildings and vehicles destroyed and burned in Gandhiyam farm at Kovilkulam; market, shops and vehicles burned and civilians assaulted; property damage over Rs. 3 million [36]
Attack on Tamil passengers on the Jaffna-Colombo train VavuniyaCivilians assaulted.[37]
Attacks on Tamils in Trincomalee3-100+ injured, 214 houses bombed and burnt, 21 shops destroyed, 8 Hindu temples burnt[38] [39]
-July 1983 Nationwide [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48]
[49]
Sampalthoddam massacre - According to pro-rebel NESOHR
- According to pro-rebel NESOHR
[50] [51] [52]
Spring 1984 Jaffna massacres- [53] [54] [55] [56]
1984 Valvettithurai massacre6- Valvettithurai, Jaffna[57]
Jaffna bus stand shootingJaffna8 injured[58]
Jaffna Main Street taxi driver killingJaffna[59]
1984 Vavuniya massacre+ [60]
August 1984 Mannar massacre[61]
Murders of Kandasamy Pathar Pirapaharan and SivasubramaniamElephant Pass, Jaffna
Kaithady massacreKaithady, Jaffna25 injured[62]
Army attack on Valvettithurai9- Valvettithurai, Jaffna 171 houses destroyed, 100 small businesses destroyed, 59 mechanised fishing boats destroyed, 4 cars destroyed, Fishing nets worth £39,000 confiscated[63]
Murder of mental patient Thamotherampillai (45)Point Pedro, Jaffna[64]
Four houses set ablaze in AchchuvelyAchchuvely, JaffnaFour houses set ablaze[65]
1984 Point Pedro massacrePoint Pedro, Jaffnamany injured and hospitalized, Hartley College Library burned, many shops and houses burned, hundreds displaced[66] ", p.1[67] [68]
Mallavi junction massacreMallavi, Mullaitivu[69]
Colombo-Jaffna coach massacreMathawachchi2 women raped[70]
Murders of Ponniah (43) and Selladurai Karunaharan (24)Mulliyavallai[71]
Killing of pregnant woman Kalavathy Thangathurai (19) 1 injuredArmy
Shooting of mill owner SabanathanVavuniyaGunshot injuries to faceArmy[72]
Murder of Allaipiddy fishermanAllaipiddy, JaffnaNavy
Murder of two Tamil youths on Palaly Road Kantharmadam, JaffnaArmy[73]
Murder of two Tamil youths in UrumpiraiUrumpirai, JaffnaArmy[74]
Murder of three Tamil youth in Tellipalai Tellipalai, JaffnaArmy
Jaffna-Colombo train shootingsMeesalai, Punkankulam, JaffnaArmy[75]
Urelu attackUrelu, Jaffnaseveral houses looted and burntArmy
Urumpirai murdersUrumpirai, JaffnaArmy
Jaffna grand bazaar massacreJaffna[76]
Jaffna army rampageJaffna60 houses burnt and lootedArmy
Vallalai attackhomes looted, 36+ homes destroyed, 500 rendered homelessArmy
Urumpirai killingsUrumpirai, Jaffna50 killed or seriously injuredArmy
Shooting of Aziz Amjad (17) and Abdul Cafoor (16)JaffnaArmy
Shooting of 3 Tamil youths in UrumpiraiArmy
Mullaitivu massacreArmy
Jaffna town massacreJaffnaArmy
Kasturiar Road/Power House road junction massacreJaffna35 injured[77]
Acid thrown into face of student S.Selvarani (24)Thinnaiveli, JaffnaArmy[78]
Two houses burnt in KilinochchiKilinochchiArmy
Acid attack on two students from Vembadi girls schoolArmy
3 Tamil youth killed in KilinochchiKilinochchiArmy
Jaffna-Colombo train shooting of Tamil civiliansMeesalai, Jaffnaseveral killedArmy
Gang rape and murder of Kumari Theresa AugustinePuloly East, JaffnaArmy
Kopay massacreArmy
Army rampage at TellipalaiTellipalai, JaffnaHouses looted and razed, two lorries set on fire, over 1000 people made refugeesArmy[79]
Army rampage at ChavakachcheriChavakachcheri, Jaffnahouses lootedArmy
Murder of two Tamil engineers in AnuradhapuraAnuradhapuraArmy
Destruction of Kodikamam new marketKodikamam, JaffnaDestruction of Kodikamam new market buildingArmy
Killing of 4 Tamil civilians including a 7 year old boyJaffnaArmy
Killing of 3 fishermen in VaharaiArmy
December 1984 massacres of TamilsSeveral places in Northern and Eastern provinces + [80]
Nedunkerny massacre+ Army[81]
[82] [83] [84] [85]
Semamadu massacre [86] [87]
[88]
Kumulamunai massacre According to pro-rebel NESOHR
Vavuniya army camp massacreIratperiyakulam, Vavuniya+ Army[89] [90]
[91]
+ According to pro-rebel NESOHR
-
Othiyamalai massacreArmy[92]
+ [93] [94] [95] [96] [97] [98] [99]
Vavuniya massacreArmy
Asikulam massacreAsikulam, Vavuniya12 injuredGovernment armed mob
Thennamarawadi village destruction Entire village destroyed, 165 Tamil families rendered homelessGovernment armed mob
Massacre of 18 Tamil fishermenHome Guards[100]
Murder of Thambimuthu KamalarajahArmy
Madawachchiya massacreMadawachchiyawomen raped.Home Guards
Periyakatru village destruction Periyakatru, Mannar30 houses and 10 shops destroyedArmy
Murder of Rev. George Jeyarajasingam, Jesudasan Roche and Abdul Cader Sulaiman [101]
Mullikulam massacre Mullikulam, MannarArmy
According to pro-rebel NESOHR
Arson attack on Vavuniya Tamil villagesAsikulam, Chettikulam, Thathcnakulam, VavuniyaSeveral houses set on fire in 3 villagesArmy
Kaddaparachchan killingsArmy
Attack on Periyakadu and Kandasamy Nagar villagesPeriyakadu, Kandasamy Nagar, Mannar28 houses set alight and destroyedArmy[102]
Thiriyai massacre houses burnt and destroyed
Batticaloa-Colombo train attack Gal Oya Tamil train passengers attacked
Windsor cinema junction massacreSeveral killed Army
Irupalai massacreArmy
Muthur massacre22-
Mullaitivu massacre 22-42 houses burnt and destroyed
Murder of Tamil rice mill worker30-Omanthai, Vavuniya
Murder of fisherman Asirwatham (24)30-Poonakari, Jaffna
Murder of Thamotharampillai and Kasippillai
Jaffna Hindu College massacre4-10 seriously injured
Chemmani road massacre
Massacre of Tamil family in Vavuniya
Vankalai church massacre 6 January 198523Army
Kudiyirruppu massacreArmy
Kuppilan killing Kuppilan, JaffnaArmy
Achchuvely massacre Achchuvely, JaffnaArmy[103]
Murder of Sinnathamby Kanapathipillai (56) and his son Krishnakumar (23)Vavuniya
Murder of mental patient Somu Jaffna bus stand Army[104]
Killing of two Tamil pedestrians in Mannar 15 January 19852Army
Mulliyavalai massacre
[105]
Army rampage in Jaffna townArmy[106]
Murder of T.T. Rajadurai (33) JaffnaArmy
Murders of Subramaniam (24) and Sivalingam (26)Karuppiah Ratnam (13) abducted and missing
Murder of three Tamil youth in VavuniyaVavuniya
Mullaitivu massacreMullaitivu
Murder of Saverimutti (55) his car set on fireArmy[107]
Urumpirai Hindu college killingsArmy
Murders of Sittambalam Yogan (28) and Kandiah Thamotheram (35) Mullaitivu[108]
Murders of student Joseph Yogarajah, Thamotherampillai Manobalan and businessman Ibrahim in VavuniyaVavuniya[109]
Army rampage in Jaffna district8+ injured, 1 car, 1 van, 1 photographic studio destroyed Army
Army rampage in KallundaiEvery house and hut destroyed, 2000 people made refugeesArmy
Pannai bridge massacreJaffna 11 injuredSTF[110]
Maviddapuram massacreArmy
Murder of Jeyagouri Thavarajah (33)Army
Shooting of tractor driver SingarajahArmy
Murder of Ponnan (19) and Muthulingam (14)Vavuniya Army
Jaffna shootingsJaffna Several injured Army[111]
Kakkaitivu shootingsJaffna Several injured Army
Mannar massacreMannar Army
Karaitivu massacreSTF[112] [113]
Myliddy massacreArmy
Puthukkudiyiruppu massacre
Nelliaddy massacreArmy
1985 anti-Tamil pogrom in Karaitivu 2000 Tamil homes destroyed, 15,000 made homeless, several women rapedSTF, state sponsored mobs[114] [115] [116] [117]
Shooting of two motor cyclists in JaffnaJaffna Army[118]
Murder of Rajadurai (69) Army
Karaveddi massacreKaraveddi, Jaffna District + Several houses and shops smashed and lootedArmy
Jaffna-Kerathivu bus shootingSeveral injuredArmy
Murder of newly married couple K. Navaratnam, (36) and Sushiladevi (33)Gold jewellery ripped off the bride's dead body by the troopsArmy
Point Pedro murders of Mr Johnpillai (50) and Ponnambala Chandrakumar (21)Army
Murder of NesarajahArmy
+ [119] [120]
Jaffna massacreJaffna Army
Murder of Hindu priest at UdappuUdappuArmy
Oorani massacreArmy[121]
Murukandi Hindu temple massacre[122]
Point Pedro massacre+ Army[123]
Kodikamam shootingSeveral injured, several houses and shops smashed up Army[124]
- >[125] [126]
Anaikottai massacreArmy[127]
Massacre of Tamil civilians in AnuradhapuraArmy
Massacre of Tamil civilians in VavuniyaVavuniya Army
[128] [129]
Thambattai massacre Police (STF) [130]
Batticaloa massacre Police (STF)
Massacre of Tamil civilians in Anuradhapura army camp20 injured Army[131]
1985 Kalmunai massacre Police (STF) [132]
Army rampage at GurunagarGurunagar, Jaffna 5 injured Army
Two Tamil civilians shot dead in JaffnaJaffna Army
Shootings at GurunagarGurunagar, Jaffna 1 injured Army
Massacre of Tamil family in PankulamPankulam, Trincomalee District
Killiveddy massacre [133]
Kent and Dollar Farms raidTamil families assaulted and expelledPolice[134]
Massacre of Tamil civilians in TrincomaleeTrincomalee
Thiriyai massacre Thiriyai, Trincomalee
Mannar massacre[135]
Karainagar massacreKarainagar, Jaffna 2 injured Navy[136]
Sampalthivu massacre 4-9 August 1985Sampalthivu, Trincomalee+
Vavuniya shooting spree and arson attacks 21+ seriously injured, 73 shops and 19 houses burned, Rs. 10 million in property damage [137]
1985 Vavuniya massacre+ [138]
Batticaloa arson attacks 350 houses burned and 1200 Tamils displaced [139] [140]
Vayaloor massacre Vayaloor, Kilinochchi
Murugapuri massacre 8 September 1985Murugapuri TrincomaleeArmy, Home Guards[141]
Thuvarankadu massacreThuvarankadu, Trincomalee[142]
Chenkalady junction shootingChenkalady, Batticaloa[143]
Nilaveli massacre Nilaveli, Trincomalee
Kalvettu massacre 10 injured [144]
Sinnawathai massacre 13 injured [145]
Palankuda killings
Killing of Tamil civilian in Kalladi 2 houses burnt down
Aarapathai massacre 49 houses, 2 shops and a market all burnt down in nearby Navatkudah
Sambaltivu massacre
Piramanthanaru massacre 2 October 198530 injured and 75+ houses burnedArmy, Keenie Meenie Services
Oddusuddan massacre 2 October 1985Army
Killing of Sinnathamby Mahendran
Murakkottanchenai massacreSeveral houses and shops burnt
Killing of Tamil civilian in Kilinochchi 6 October 1985Army
Killing of two Tamil civilians in Vidathaltivu 6 October 1985Army
Killing of Tamil civilian in Kalladi 8 October 1985Army
Vantharumoolai shooting [146]
- [147]
Jewellery looted [148]
Batticaloa Lake Road massacre [149]
Army rampage in Batticaloa Bar Road, Batticaloa-scores killed locals assaulted, and several dozen houses looted and burned [150]
Arrests and disappearances of 7 Tamils from Muttur Muttur, TrincomaleeSri Lankan security forces [151]
Urani shooting Urani, Batticaloa
Onthachimadam shooting Onthachimadam, Batticaloa
Sampur massacre8 injured, 165 houses burned Army, Navy, Home guards[152] [153]
Muttur massacres Sampur and Kaddaiparichchan, Trincomaleegovernment forces
Mandur massacre Mandur, Batticaloa[154]
Thiruvaiyaru attack Thiruvaiyaru, Kilinochchihouses looted [155] [156]
Thampalakamam raid Thampalakamam, Trincomalee[157]
Akkaraipattu-Pottuvil road shooting Akkaraipattu-Pottuvil road, Ampara[158]
Kalladi shooting Kalladi, Batticaloaa store, a firewood mill and 2 houses were burned[159]
Arasadi junction shooting of a youth Arasadi junction, Batticaloa[160]
Palai search operation Palai, Kilinochchi64 people, including 8 bound and bleeding youths, were taken to army camp. Of the 5 other injured, 3 were hospitalized. Palai railway station was damaged. Walls of houses were damaged with bullet holes. [161]
Raid on Tamil village in Muttur Muttur, Trincomalee9 arrested. 4 houses burned. [162]
Mullaitivu-Nedunkerny road search operation 3-5 December 1985Mullaitivu-Nedunkerny road, Mullaitivusome children missing. many locals assaulted. [163]
Attack on Tamils travelling in a lorry in Vavuniya Vavuniya army camp, Vavuniyaoccupants assaulted. one youth missing. [164]
Attack on 2 Tamils travelling in a lorry in Chilaw2 injured and hospitalized Army[165]
Attack on a Tamil traveller in Navatkuli32-year-old Subramaniyam Kumarasamy assaulted and hospitalized Army[166]
Shooting of detainees in Seruvila army campArmy[167]
Attack on Vavuniya store owner56-year-old Raamayya severely assaulted and hospitalized Army[168]
Karadiyanaru cordon and search operation25 arrested Army[169]
Paranthan road shooting2 injured. 5 detained. 1 motorcycle seized. Army[170]
Anpuvalipuram road shooting2 Tamil children injured and hospitalizedHome Guards[171]
Uruthirapuram massacremany injured. 25+ with gunshot wounds hospitalized. some arrested. locals fled to forest. 2 houses damaged.Army[172] [173]
Muttur search operation10-11 December 19856 women sexually assaulted, 2 women arrested and 2 stores burned Army[174]
Jaffna city shooting3 injured. houses damaged by bullets.Army[175]
Valantalai-Ponnalai shooting5 hospitalizedArmy[176]
Oddusuddan shooting 6 injured, 2 houses damagedArmy[177]
Keerimalai arson attack3 houses burnedArmy[178]
Columbuthurai-Ariyalai shooting 2 hospitalized Army[179]
Jaffna helicopter shootings many injured (10+ seriously) and hospitalized, many houses damaged Air Force[180] [181] ", p.1[182]
Munnampodivettai massacre4 women gang raped Army[183]
Rape and murder of 2 Tamil women in Muthur2 women raped Home guards[184]
Jaffna helicopter massacres91 injured Air Force[185]
Jaffna massacresTellipalai, Veemankamam, Kadduvan several injured, 22 houses, 1 van and several cars set on fire Armed Forces[186]
Iruthayapuram massacrePolice[187]
Nayaru helicopter killingsseveral injured Air Force[188]
Kilinochchi Railway Station massacre 25 January 1986KilinochchiArmy
Thampalakamam massacreArmy
Massacre of Tamil private van passengersArmy
Bombing raid on Jaffnaseveral houses and a rice mill damaged Air Force[189]
[190] [191] [192]
Jaffna bombings5 injured Air Force[193]
Nainativu massacre15 injured Army[194]
Bombing of fishing village in Jaffnaseveral injured Air Force[195]
Myliddy bombingsseveral injured Air Force[196]
Murder of Vellaichamy ThinakaranathanArmy
Kilinochchi killingseveral injured Army
Thondamannaru killingseveral houses damaged Army
Vavuniya killingsArmy
Kilinochchi massacreArmy
Muthur massacreArmy
Murder of Kathirkamanathan Balamurali (15)Army
Mallikaitivu junction massacreArmy
Attack on Tamil villages in MuthurSeveral houses looted and burned. Some shops and houses completely destroyed.Army
Kilinochchi massacreseveral injured Army[197]
Murder of K Sundaralingham1 injured STF
Killing of two youths in BatticaloaArmy
Vavuniya massacresArmy[198]
Koddady killingsAir Force
Jaffna bombings29 injured Air Force
Puthukudirruppu massacrelooting reported Army
Thondamannaru helicopter murderAir Force
Selvasannithy temple attack21-Army[199]
Murder of SugumaranArmy
Koonithivu shooting10 injuredArmy[200]
Mannar killingsArmy
Vavuniya massacreArmy
Kurumbacitty killing3 injuredAir Force
Murder of Mr. A. GaneshapillaiArmy[201]
Tellipalai bombingseveral injuredAir Force
Vantharumoolai killingsArmy
Army attack on KadduvanLarge rice mill and 10 houses destroyedArmy
Vavuniya killingsArmy[202]
Palaly killings4 injuredArmy
Jaffna helicopter killingsseveral injured and several houses damagedAir Force
Palaly helicopter acid attacksacid thrown from helicopter, 2 victims admitted to hospitalAir Force
Murder of Dr. Christopher Noel (26)Burnt alive in carArmy[203]
Jaffna bombings10 injuredAir Force
Murder of KarunakaranArmy
Murder of Subramaniam Rajaratnam1 injuredArmy[204]
Murder of farmer Sinniah Nandakumar (32)Army
Murder of Mathiaparanam Jegan (22)Army
Navatkuli killingsArmy
Thondamannaru killingsseveral others killed and injuredArmy[205]
Murders of Narayanasamy Ravindran (21) and Joseph Gunaseelan Army
Killing of P. Ravi (29) Navy
Valalai killings 2 injuredArmy[206]
Massacre of Trincomalee Tamil refugees Army
Murder of A Sebamalai Army
Kilinochchi killing Army
Eravur killings Army
[207] [208] [209]
Seruvila massacre Home Guards[210]
Mannar massacre [211]
Murder of Michael Gnanapragasam [212]
Murder of M. Wensceslaus [213] <[214]
1986 Thambalakamam massacre Home Guards[215]
Mollipothana massacre Home Guards[216]
Pavatkulam massacreArmy[217]
Peruveli refugee camp massacre 20 injured, many women raped Army, Home Guards[218]
Thanduvan bus massacre ArmyAccording to pro-rebel NESOHR
Manalchenai massacre 7 women raped Army[219]
Murder of T.Markandu and his son ChandradasanAriyakulam, JaffnaArmy[220]
Murder of V.NalliahKarainagar, JaffnaNavy[221]
Batticaloa Munnai street massacreArmy[222]
Killing of pregnant woman Mrs. Selvanayakam (18)Navy[223]
Kurikattuvan massacre Navy[224]
Jaffna Hospital bombing32 injuredArmy[225]
Massacre of Batticaloa refugees Army[226]
Bombing of Periya-porativu 20 houses damaged, >1000 made homelessArmy[227]
Jaffna bombings42 injuredArmy[228]
Periya-pullumalai massacre3 women raped, 25 others abducted and believed deadArmy[229] [230]
Murder of Iruthayan Michael CollinsSTF[231]
Valaichenai killingsArmy[232]
Murder of Gopalasingham1 injured, wristlet stolenArmy[233]
Coolavady colony massacre20 injuredSTF
Kalmunai police rampage50 houses, 5 cars, a Hindu Temple, 3 Rice Mills and a lorry destroyedPolice, STF[234]
Nationwide -[235] [236] [237] [238] [239] [240] [241]
Prawn farm massacre / Kokkadichcholai massacre + Police (STF) [242] [243] [244] [245] [246]
Jaffna bombings100 injuredAir Force[247] [248]
Jaffna girls' school bombingAir Force[249]
Bombing of Jaffna peninsula22-hundreds injured and hundreds of houses, shops, businesses destroyed Sri Lanka Armed Forces
Valalai massacreArmy[250]
Bombing of Kankesanthurai Sivan KovilAir Force
Polikandy search operation killingsArmy[251]
Bombing of Suthumalai Amman KovilArmy[252]
St. James School shellingArmy
Alvai Muthumariamman temple shellingmany injured Army[253] [254]
Killings of Nelliady Murugan temple refugeesone injuredArmy
Killings of Puttalai Pillayar Kovil refugeesArmy
Bombing of Neervely Kandaswamy templeTemple destroyed Air Force[255]
Pavatkuli Chenai Pillaiyar Kovil massacreSTF[256]
Tissamaharama massacre Tissamaharama [257]
Batticaloa police rampageshops and houses burntPolice[258]
Eppawala massacre Eppawala Black Cats [259]
Several places in Kandy District-Eagles of the Central Hills [260] [261]
Hambantota district massacres Hambantota, Tissamaharama, Ambalantota, Beliatta[262]
Nittambuwa massacre [263]
June - October 1990 government forces [264]
June - December 1990 government forces
Sammanthurai massacre According to pro-rebel NESOHR
- [265] [266] [267] [268]
Vavuniya massacre [269]
Trincomalee Base Hospital mass arrest and disappearances [270]
Thiriyai massacre (mid) - [271]
Vellaveli massacre [272]
Kalmunai massacres 22- +[273]
- 15 August 1990 [274]
China Bay Police custody killings
Mannar arson attacks 64 houses, 32 shops and 2 hospitals burned; 20 houses and 10+ shops robbed [275]
Kalmunai massacre [276]
McHeyzer Stadium mass arrest and disappearances
Paranthan junction massacre According to pro-rebel NESOHR
Siththandy massacre and 27 July 1990 According to pro-rebel NESOHR
Pottuvil massacre [277] [278]
Tiraikerny massacre [279]
Xavierpuram massacre 1 disappeared, 12 badly injured; houses, church and school burned [280]
Kalmunai massacres 11- According to pro-rebel NESOHR
Thuranilavani massacre + According to pro-rebel NESOHR
Koraveli massacre According to pro-rebel NESOHR
Nelliyady market bombing According to pro-rebel NESOHR
Vantharumulai, Batticaloa[281] [282]
[283] [284] [285] [286] [287] [288]
Natpiddimunai massacreNatpiddimunai, AmparaAccording to pro-rebel NESOHR
Bombing of Uthayan newspaper office27 September 1990 [289]
Killing of Tamils in PottuvilPottuvil, Ampara
Chavakachcheri market massacre [290]
Karaitivu massacre [291]
Karainagar naval attack 12 injured [292]
Oddusuddan bombing According to pro-rebel NESOHR
Vaddukkoddai bombing 2 injured [293]
Velanai bombing several injured
Thathamalai massacre Army
Massacre of Tamil civilians near Samadhu Pillaiyar Temple
Murder of toddy tapper Swakim (45)
Valaichchenai massacre Home guards
Shelling of Valikamam North 2 injured, several houses damaged
Puthukudiyiruppu bombing13 injured[294] [295]
Valvettithurai bombings 20- 20 injured, 101 houses destroyed, 451 damaged, 6 temples, one church and 4 schools bombed
Murukandy temple bombing
Jaffna bombings (first week) 25 injured, 500 houses destroyed, 100 other buildings destroyed[296]
Vankalai junction massacreVankalai, Mannar
Eravur massacre 25 seriously wounded injured [297]
Iruthayapuram massacre
Nayanmar Thidal massacre [298]
-[299] [300] [301]
January - November 1992 government forces [302]
Mandur massacre Army, Paramilitaries [303]
Tampalakamam massacre Army
Muthugal and Karapola [304] [305]
Vathappali Kannagi Amman temple massacre 30 injured [306]
Sri Durga Devi temple massacre 25 seriously injured, 100 received minor injuries [307]
-[308] [309] [310]
Paliyadivaddai massacre Paliyadivaddai, Batticaloa- [311]
1993 Jaffna lagoon massacre / Kilaly massacre - [312] [313] [314] [315] [316]
Kalviankadu massacre [317]
Jaffna lagoon massacre
Chundikulam massacre According to pro-rebel NESOHR
1994 Jaffna lagoon massacre [318]
Pulmoddai massacre [319]
-[320] [321] [322]
Bolgoda killings April–September 1995 STF[323]
-[324] [325] [326]
Jaffna killings 194 injured [327]
Kumarapuram massacre / Trincomalee massacre / Killiveddy massacre [328] [329] [330] [331] [332]
Nachchikuda strafing Army [333]
Kilinochchi town massacre Army According to pro-rebel NESOHR
Disappearances and mass graves in Jaffna1995-1996 Jaffna, Chemmani [334] [335] [336]
Murder of Kandiah Vijayanathan (21) [337]
Murders of Thevarajah Vigneswaran (22) and Somasundaram Sivakumar (22)
Murder of Ratnasabapathy Vigneswaran (40)
Murder of Rasalingam Ratnasingam (45)
Murders of Nagamutthu Rajendram (40) and Krishnan Perampalam (32)
Murder of Nadarajah
Murder of Pakianathan Aingaran (18)2 others injured
Murder of Tharmarajah Janarthanan
Murder of Sivarajah Manivannan
Murder of Kanapathippilai Pratheepan
Rape and murder of Murugesapillai KoneswaryAmparai [338] [339]
Murder of Kandasamy Rathinamma
Murder of Kathiravelu Suresh (33)1 other injured
Vavunikulam church bombingAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[340]
Tamil 4th colony massacre Amparai -According to pro-rebel TamilNet[341]
Kalutara Tamil prisoner massacreKalutara Sinhala prisoners incited by prison officials [342] [343]
[344] [345] [346]
Army shelling of civilian areas in Karayakkanthivu9 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[347]
Satha Sagaya Maatha Church bombing Air ForceAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[348]
Killing of Peethaambaram Sashikala (6) Batticaloa According to pro-rebel TamilNet[349]
Vattakkachchi and Periyakulam bombings Air ForceAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[350]
Murder of Vijayakumari ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[351]
Killing of Kilinochchi Christian priests Air ForceAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[352]
Suthanthirapuram bombing + Air ForceAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[353]
Paythali shelling According to pro-rebel TamilNet[354]
Torture of Thambirajah KamalathasanColombo According to pro-rebel TamilNet[355]
Kilinochchi-Mullaithivu bombing Kilinochchi-Mullaithivu According to pro-rebel TamilNet[356]
Kilinochchi bombing Kilinochchi-Mullaithivu According to pro-rebel TamilNet[357]
Visuvamadu shelling According to pro-rebel NESOHR
Chundikulam bombingAccording to pro-rebel NESOHR
Eravur killings 17 seriously woundedPolice[358]
Gang rape and murder of Ida CarmelittaMannar TownArmy[359]
Gang rape and murder of SarathambalPungudutivu, JaffnaNavy[360] [361]
Torture of three Tamil studentsColombo [362]
[363]
Jaffna Lagoon massacre Thenmaradchi According to pro-rebel TamilNet[364]
Murder of A.Yogeswary, 34 and her daughter, V.Nageswaray, 14According to pro-rebel TamilNet[365]
Murder of S.Vinayakam, 58 According to pro-rebel TamilNet[366]
[367]
Murder of Rasalingam Sooriyaprabakaran, 18According to pro-rebel TamilNet[368]
Murder of JabirAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[369]
Navy attack on Tamil village of Salli8 houses burned, villagers assaultedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[370]
Pallikuda bombing [371]
Silivaturai massacre Silivaturai
Columbuthurai massacre
Bombing of Poonthoddam village According to pro-rebel TamilNet[372]
Kaddumurivu murdersAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[373]
Morokkoddaanchenai murdersAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[374]
Bindunuwewa massacreBindunuwewa [375]
Murder of Shanmugaraja Swarnahasan and Mahalingam ThamiranAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[376]
Murder of Arulanantham Kamalanathan (29), and Sinnathamby Sivakumar According to pro-rebel TamilNet[377]
Murder of Vasanthi Ganeshamoorthy, 16 According to pro-rebel TamilNet[378]
[379] [380] [381] [382]
Bombing of Trincomalee Tamil villages According to pro-rebel TamilNet[383]
Murder of UthayakumarTharapuram, Mannar[384] [385]
Bombing of Kombavil and Puthukudiyiruppu villages According to pro-rebel TamilNet[386]
Bombing of Chundikulam and Puthumaathalan villages According to pro-rebel TamilNet[387]
Bombing of Soodaikkudah villageAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[388]
Knifing of Sinnathamby Kandaiah JaffnaAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[389]
Attack on Tamil civilians in Nilaveli 2 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[390]
Murder of Ponnar GnaneswaranAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[391]
Bombing of Kiran Methodist ChurchAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[392]
[393] [394]
Murder of Tamil civilian protestorAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[395]
Murder of Sellathamby PunniyamoorthyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[396]
Disappearances of Uthayan Selvarajah, Subramaniam Kanapathipillai and S. Leethan According to pro-rebel TamilNet[397]
Murder of two Jaffna farmersAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[398]
Murders of Yogarasa Yogeswary and Thurairasa Vathany Palacholai, BatticaloaAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[399]
Murder and rape of Ilaiyathambi Tharsini[400] [401] [402] [403]
Pesalai massacreNavy[404] [405]
Killing of Markandu Pushpamalar [406]
Murders of two Tamil youth in SanthiveliAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[407]
Murders of Kilinochchi civilians Kilinochchi, Kanakarayankulam, Pallai According to pro-rebel TamilNet[408]
Murders of Tamil civilians at Mutthirai JunctionArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[409]
2006-2007 disappearances of Tamils-2007 Northern Province, Eastern Province, Colombomost feared dead Government forces[410]
Disappearance of Tamil youth Kandasamy Ilamaran Army[411]
Police (STF) [412] [413] [414] [415]
Murder of Rasaratnam KuganenthiranArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[416]
Murder of Kumutha Mahenthiran Batticaloa ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[417]
Murder of Kandasamy ShanmuganathanThevapuram, BatticaloaArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[418]
Disappearance of RajeevmohanAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[419]
Murder of P. SivasankarArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[420]
Murder of Thambu NadesuArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[421]
Murder of Tamil civilian travelerArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[422]
Murder of farmer S. ThanabalasinghamArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[423]
Murder of Sellathurai YogarajahArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[424]
Murders of Bojan family membersArmy[425] [426]
Murder of Thurairajah RavichandranEPDP, Army[427] [428]
2006 murder of TRO workersBatticaloa TMVP[429]
Shooting of Kailasapillai RaveendranTMVPAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[430]
Murder of NavarasanTMVPAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[431]
Serial killings and disappearances of 62 Tamil civilians - Jaffna, Trincomalee, Batticaloa, Mannar Army, TMVPAccording to pro-rebel NESOHR[432]
Murder of Kovinthan VijeyarasaEravur, BatticaloaTMVPAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[433]
Abduction of 16 Tamil youth in Batticaloa - TMVPAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[434]
Indiscriminate firing on over 2000 Tamil civilians in Trincomalee villagesSampur, Soodaikuda, Koonitivu, and Kadatkarachchenai, TrincomaleeNavyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[435]
Murder of Kulathunga RegikanthTMVPAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[436]
2006 anti-Tamil riots in TrincomaleeTrincomalee[437] [438]
Murder of Ramalingam SakilanMeesalai, JaffnaArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[439]
Murder of Mr. EasanSanthiveli, BatticaloaTMVPAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[440]
Murder of mason Thiyagarasa ThaskumarTMVPAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[441]
Vatharavathai massacreArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[442]
Murder of Tamil youth in KanniyaArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[443]
Murder of Pakkiaraja Baskaran ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[444]
Kanthasamy Nallammah murderGunmen aligned with the governmentAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[445] [446]
Claymore mine attack in MannarArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[447]
Murder of Manickam Rajeevan Jaffna According to pro-rebel TamilNet[448]
Murder of Kanagaratnam Lingeswaran Gunmen aligned with the government According to pro-rebel TamilNet[449]
Murder of Rasanayagam Jegan Vavuniya Gunmen aligned with the government [450] [451]
Attack on Muthur villages by SL Navy, Army, and Air ForceTrincomalee SL Navy, Army, and SLAFAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[452] [453] [454]
Murder of Senthilnathan in VavuniyaVavuniya Gunmen aligned with the government According to pro-rebel TamilNet[455]
Murder of Tamil civilian male Jaffna SL Navy[456]
Attack on Uthayan Daily Press Office Jaffna Army
Jaffna civilian youths massacre [457]
Manthuvil massacre [458]
Aerial bombardment in Vanni Kilinochchi - Mullaithivu 2 civilians woundedSri Lankan Air Force According to pro-rebel TamilNet[459]
Murder of Seenithamby Yogeswaran Batticaloa [460]
Abduction of six youths Jaffna According to pro-rebel TamilNet[461]
[462] [463] [464]
Murder of Parameswaran Kapilan According to pro-rebel TamilNet[465]
Murder of Thiyakarajah Kirupaharan and Jeyaratnam Jeyakanthan According to pro-rebel TamilNet[466]
Murder of Arunachalam Suresh GunapalanArmy[467]
Murder of Chandran Linton and Rasarathinam MohanPeriya Pandivirichan, MannarArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[468]
Murder of Tamil youth in Chenkalady ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[469]
Murder of Puvanendran Bolder MayooranArmy[470]
Murder of Ratnam Ratnarajah According to pro-rebel TamilNet[471]
Murder of school boys Kanapathy Balu and Vinayagamoorthy Nanthan ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[472]
Murder of communications center owner SabesanGunmen aligned with the government According to pro-rebel TamilNet[473]
Murder of Suntharalingam Ravichandran According to pro-rebel TamilNet[474]
Murder of Nagarajah Selvarajah and Nadarajah Nageswaran According to pro-rebel TamilNet[475]
Abduction and disappearance of Selvarajah Gajanathan According to pro-rebel TamilNet[476]
Murder of Mr. Nalliah Vimalendran and Thambirajah SithiravadeivelBatticaloa ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[477]
Murder of Sivalingam Rajanikanth Batticaloa Gunmen aligned with the government According to pro-rebel TamilNet[478]
Nedunkal pressure mine attack Nedunkal, BatticaloaAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[479]
[480] [481]
Abduction of 6 Tamil students Batticaloa Gunmen aligned with the government According to pro-rebel TamilNet[482]
Murder of Kathirgamathamby Mathivanan and Mohamed RemisTrincomalee ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[483]
Murder of N. BalasingamVavuniya ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[484]
Murder of Batticaloa Tamil civilianGunmen aligned with the governmentAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[485]
Murder of Tamil civilians in TrincomaleePeriyakulam ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[486]
Murder of Kathamuthu RajanayagamArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[487]
[488] [489] [490]
Murder of Iyathurai NirmalakumaranTMVPAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[491]
Abduction and disappearance of Thayaparan Subaraj TMVPAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[492]
Disappearance of Kanesan SivanesanArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[493]
Murder of Tamil civilian in SambaltivuSambaltivu junction, TrincomaleeArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[494]
Murder of Sathasivam MathuriArmy, EPDPAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[495]
Murder of Gnanasekaram Santhiran align=center According to pro-LTTE TamilNet[496]
Abduction of Krishnapillai Kamalanathan TMVPAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[497]
Murder in Kaluwanchikudy PoliceAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[498]
Murder of unidentified Tamil man ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[499]
Abduction and disappearance of 35 Tamil children to TMVPAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[500]
Abduction of 3 Tamil youths from Pethalai villageGunmen aligned with the governmentAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[501]
Murder of Seenithamby Sellan Batticaloa TMVPAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[502]
Murder of two Tamil civilian youths Mannar ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[503]
Murder of youth in Batticaloa Batticaloa TMVPAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[504]
Murder of Arumugam KalakaranTMVPAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[505]
Disappearance of Nadarasha Surendran, Shanmugam Ariyan, and Kanthashamy MohanrajAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[506]
Murder of Nadarajah Ravindrakumar and Krishnapillai Srikrishnan GoSL-controlled paramilitariesAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[507]
Murder of Sindathurai Christy Anton ArmyAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[508]
Disappearance of Rasathurai Inthirarajah Jaffna Gunmen aligned with the government According to pro-LTTE TamilNet[509]
Murder of two Tamil civilians Jaffna ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[510]
Murder of Sriskandarajah Lavan, and injury of Murukaiah Sivanandan and Kathriththamby Murukesan Paramilitary operatives collaborating with the SLAAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[511]
Batticaloa-Trincomalee ambulance attack ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[512]
Indiscriminate artillery fire of Muttur Trincomalee ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[513]
SLA shelling in Batticaloa Batticaloa ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[514] <
Murder of Pon. Ganeshamoorthy ArmyAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[515]
[516] [517]
Murder of Kaththamuthu Perinaparasa ArmyAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[518]
Shelling of Nallur and Upooral villages Army and NavyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[519]
Ambulance shelling Pachchanoor, Muttur-Batticaloa road ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[520]
Valaichchenai murder of Kanapathipillai Kamalanathan TMVP working with ArmyAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[521]
Murder of Kandasamy Govindarajah TMVP with security cover by Army and PoliceAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[522]
Killing of Tamil civilians in Kathiraveli injured, and over displacedAir Force and ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[523]
Disappearance of Tamil civilians by GoSL-controlled Karuna paramilitaries - Army and TMVPAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[524]
Artillery attack on Jaffna Hindu devotees ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[525]
[526] [527] [528] [529] [530]
[531] [532] [533] [534]
Uthayan delivery van attack ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[535]
Alayadivembu killings Special Task ForceAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[536]
Murder of 2 Tamil men ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[537]
Killings of Catholic priest Fr. Jim Brown and Wenceslaus Vimalathas Navy[538]
Sampoor shelling and bombing Army and Air ForceAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[539]
Murder of Periyathamby VeluppillaiBatticaloa Army and TMVPAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[540]
Murder of K.ThavarajahBatticaloa ArmyAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[541]
Abduction and murder of 16 Tamil youthsArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[542]
Murder of Thiayagarajah Senthooran, Shanmuganathan Nagendran and Kandiah Karunakaran Valaichenai-Kalkudah police division in Batticaloa district According to pro-LTTE TamilNet[543]
Batticaloa paramilitary shootings Army and paramilitary gunmenAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet
Jaffna civilian shootings Jaffna Army
Murder of Krishnapillai Sivananthan TMVPAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[544]
Kathiraveli MBRL attack Army[545]
Jaffna multiple murders Jaffna ArmyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[546]
2006 Jaffna multiple murdersIuduvil, Innuvil, Anaikoddai, Kalviyankadu 1 injuredArmy or GoSL controlled paramilitariesAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[547]
Multiple civilian murders by GoSL agents in Jaffna and Kalviankadu - Various locations Army and GoSL agentsAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet
Murder of Murukesu Sivarasa ArmyAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[548]
Murder of Shanmuganathan Sureshkumar and Selvarajah ShanthakumarArmyAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[549]
Disappearance of three Batticaloa Tamil youth Army and TMVPAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[550]
Murder of teacher Thirunavukarasu Sivagnaselvam (32) [551]
Shooting of two youth in Jaffna [552]
Kaiveli bombing 15 wounded [553]
Vaharai mortar attack[554]
Killing of Mary Theresa Anton (49)[555]
Kilinochchi bombing[556]
160 injured [557] [558]
[559] [560] [561]
Padahuthurai bombing / Illuppaikadavai bombing [562] [563] [564] [565]
Murders of Tharmalingam Ganesalingam (59) and Vetrivel Mahendran (52)2 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[566]
Vaharai massacre11 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[567]
Murder of Yogarajah Nixon (23)According to pro-rebel TamilNet[568]
Verugal bombing9 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[569]
Murder of Gracian Panumathy (34)2 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[570]
Murder of Sinnarajah Suresh (18)2 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[571]
Murder of Mohammad Cassim (60)1 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[572]
Murder of student Krishnan Kamalathas (24)According to pro-rebel TamilNet[573]
Parasankulam bombing1 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[574]
Murder of Siluvairasa Amalanesan (33) 1 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[575]
Murder of Rasenthiram Ilanchelvan (32) According to pro-rebel TamilNet[576]
Murder of T. Nirojan (14According to pro-rebel TamilNet[577]
Mannar mass killings -February 2007According to pro-rebel TamilNet[578]
Mannar killings According to pro-rebel TamilNet[579]
Siththaandi massacreAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[580]
Murder of G. Manoharan (24) According to pro-rebel TamilNet[581]
Murders of civilian cyclists in VavuniyaAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[582]
Mullaitivu bombingMullaitivu4 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[583]
Murders of Raveendran Ravi (54) and Sindhu Ravi (42)According to pro-rebel TamilNet[584]
Piramanalankulam massacre 25 injured According to pro-rebel TamilNet[585]
Murders of Chandrakumar Rajakopal (20), Arulappu Ketheeswaran (48) and Subramaniam Chandramathy (68) According to pro-rebel TamilNet[586]
Murder of baby Saththary Thilliampalam According to pro-rebel TamilNet[587]
Andiyapuliayankulam massacre 37 injured According to pro-rebel TamilNet[588]
Murder of fisherman Rasappu Yogendran (52) According to pro-rebel TamilNet[589]
Murder of Mudippillaiyaar Hindu Temple priest According to pro-LTTE TamilNet[590]
Murder of Sinnathurai Sujijeyanthiran (19) According to pro-rebel TamilNet[591]
Murder of Nagarasa Wijayakumar (32) According to pro-rebel TamilNet[592]
Murder of student Kanakaratnam Mohanraj According to pro-rebel TamilNet[593]
Murders of Fishermen in Kayts According to pro-rebel TamilNet[594]
Murders of Nathiya Selvarajah (22) and Kobi Selvarajah (24) According to pro-rebel TamilNet[595]
Puthukkudiyiruppu bombing Puthukkudiyiruppu, Mullaitivu2 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[596]
Murder of Balasubramaniam According to pro-rebel TamilNet[597]
Batticaloa shootings According to pro-rebel TamilNet[598]
Murder of Aseervatham Mariyathas (41) According to pro-rebel TamilNet[599]
Kizhavankulam massacre1 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[600]
Alampil bombingAlampil, Mullaitivu11 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[601]
Meesaalai shooting1 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[602]
Kaithadi killingsAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[603]
Maruthoadai Tamil mixed School bombing School destroyed, couple wounded. Cooperative Society building, a rice mill and two houses also damaged According to pro-rebel TamilNet[604]
Paasiththenral massacreAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[605]
Murder of Sellathurai Yohan (34)1 seriously wounded According to pro-rebel TamilNet[606]
Murder of fisherman V. Inpanathan (41)2 fishing boats destroyedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[607]
Murder of Thambu Vairamuththu (85)12 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[608]
Mannar refugee boat massacre3 seriously wounded According to pro-rebel TamilNet[609]
Periyamadu massacre9 wounded According to pro-rebel TamilNet[610]
Murder of Surendini Imanuel (33)According to pro-rebel TamilNet[611]
Murder of S. Roobi (32)One other injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[612]
Tharmapuram massacre6 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[613]
Murder of Tamil civilians at OddisuddaanOddisuddaan, MullaitivuAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[614]
Massacre of school girls at Iyangkea'ni According to pro-rebel TamilNet[615]
Massacre of civilians near VoT radio station 15 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[616]
Murder of pregnant woman Kamalraj Thanayogam (18)One injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[617]
Murder of Pastor Nallathamby Gnanaseelan [618] [619] [620] [621] [622]
Poonakari bombingHouses destroyed and damagedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[623]
Murder of Murugiah Logeswaran (32)7 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[624]
Murder of Azhakar Maarimuttu (63) 2 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[625]
Manduvil massacreAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[626]
Poonakari massacre3 houses destroyed, many more damagedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[627]
Murders of fishmongers Vadivelu (31) and Ravi Geed (25)According to pro-rebel TamilNet[628]
Massacre of Tamil civilians by Deep Penetration UnitMullaitivuAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[629]
Murder of Selvarajah Kodeeswaran 1 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[630]
Murder of Mahalingam Sasikumar According to pro-rebel TamilNet[631]
Murders of Sivananthan Uthayakumar (38) and Chinnavan Masilamany (32)According to pro-rebel TamilNet[632]
Murders of Rasanayagam ShantharoopanAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[633]
Murders of Thuraiappa Nadarasa (50)2 houses destroyedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[634]
Murder of Anchalas Sulaksana (15)Visuvamadu, MullaitivuAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[635]
Murder of S. Ukanthan (18)Alampil, Mullaitivu7 seriously injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[636]
Murder of Nakalingam Shanumgarajah (52)Nedungkea'ni, Mullaitivu1 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[637]
According to pro-LTTE TamilNet[638]
Murders of R. Vijith (3) and P. Kayalvili (14)1 wounded According to pro-LTTE TamilNet[639]
Shelling of Jaffna coastal villages 12 injured According to pro-LTTE TamilNet[640]
Puthoor massacre Puthoor, Mullaitivu4 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[641]
Murders of A. Jeyaseelan (45) and I. Tharmeswaran (24) Maanthai East, MullaitivuAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[642]
Puthukkudiyiruppu bombing Puthukkudiyiruppu, Mullaitivu10 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[643]
Kaluthaavalai killings15 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[644]
Murder of IDP P. Sriharan Mallavi, MullaitivuAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[645]
Murder of fish vendor Maruthamuthu Kaalichelvam (31)Nedungkea'ni, VavuniyaAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[646]
Murder of student Senaathirajah Senthooran (16)Nedungkea'ni, Mullaitivu4 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[647]
Murder of Divisional Secretary (AGA) Mr. N. Nanthakumar, 36Thu'nukkaay, MullaitivuAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[648]
Murder of student R. Jeevithan Mallavi, MullaitivuAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[649]
Murder of Ponnuthurai Vijayaratnam (32) Ilavalai, JaffnaAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[650]
Theavanpiddi shelling Mannar2 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[651]
Vadmaraadchi East shelling Jaffna1 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[652]
Mullaitivu shelling Mullaitivu16 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[653]
Murder of S. Nadarasa (56) Nedungkea'ni, MullaitivuAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[654]
Iranaippaalai bombing Iranaippaalai, Mullaitivu4 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[655]
Vanneari shellingAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[656]
Visuvamadu bombing Visuvamadu, Mullaitivu6 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[657]
Kumulamunai shelling Kumulamunai, Mullaitivu2 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[658]
Thunukkaay claymore attack According to pro-rebel TamilNet[659]
Olumadu claymore attack According to pro-rebel TamilNet[660]
Puthumurippu massacre3 critically injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[661]
Vavuniya claymore attack 1 injured According to pro-LTTE TamilNet[662]
Murder of Samithamby KanthappoadiTMVPAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[663]
Kumulamunai shelling Kumulamunai, Mullaitivu1 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[664]
Bombing of passenger bus on A9 road5 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[665]
Murder of A. Krishnaveny (47), mother of twoVisuvamadu, Mullaitivu2 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[666]
Murder of trader Visvalingam Thambirasa STFAccording to pro-LTTE TamilNet[667]
Iraththinapuram bombing 8 wounded, including 4 childrenAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[668]
Kilinochchi bombing 13 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[669]
Paranthan bombing 6 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[670]
Murder of Subramaniam Tharmenthiran (45) According to pro-rebel TamilNet[671]
Thirukkoayil massacreSTFAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[672]
Kilinochchi bombing According to pro-rebel TamilNet[673]
Murder of Muniyandi Chandranayagam According to pro-rebel TamilNet[674]
Murder of Selvarasa Satheeskaran 1 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[675]
Murder of P. Packiyaluxmy According to pro-rebel TamilNet[676]
Murder of Tamil father in NedunkernyAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[677]
Murder of Thillainathan AroakkiyanathanAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[678]
Murder of 24 year old Tamil youth in ParanthanAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[679]
Murder of Marumenthirarasa Naguleswaran (12), his father Marumenthirarasa (53) and Karunakaran (34) 2 seriously injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[680]
Killing of school girl Arulanandam Nirojini (6)1 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[681]
Mulliyavalai massacre According to pro-rebel TamilNet[682]
Vaddakkachchi massacre According to pro-rebel TamilNet[683]
Vaddakkachchi bombing 13 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[684]
Vaddakkachchi shelling According to pro-rebel TamilNet[685]
Iyakkachchi and Vaddakkachchi bombings 10 severely injured, including a 18 year old girl who lost both her legsAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[686]
Murasumoaddai bombing16 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[687]
Bombing of Murasumoaddai28 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[688]
Shelling of Murasumoaddai10 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[689]
Mullaitivu petrol station and bus depot bombing [690]
Shelling and bombardment of Kilinochchi1- 77 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[691]
Thevipuram and Vaddakachchi shelling
Tharmapuram Hospital shelling [692]
Shelling of PuthukkudiyiruppuAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[693]
Shelling and bombardment of Kaiveali, Koampaavil, and VisuvamaduKaiveali, Koampaavil, and Visuvamadu, Mullaitivu7 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[694]
Visuvamadu shelling
Shelling and bombardment of Mullaitivu and Kilinochchi suburbs42 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[695]
Killing of Balraj Ram Prakash and Kumarasingham VishnukumarGambirigaswewa, AnuradhapuraMilitary[696] [697]
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardmentAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[698]
Suthanthirapuram, Thevipuram, Udayarkattu and Vallipuram shelling +
Vallipuram Hospital shelling
Moonkilaru, Thevipuram and Udayarkattu shelling
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardment83 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[699]
Suthanthirapuram shelling + [700]
Udaiyaarkaddu shelling87 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[701]
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardment60+ woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[702]
Suthanthirapuram and Udayarkattu shelling
Puthukkudiyiruppu shelling
Udayaarkaddu Hospital shelling
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardment26- 1000+ woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[703] [704] [705]
Suthanthirapuram bombardment178 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[706]
Moongkilaaru bombardment31 January- According to pro-rebel TamilNet[707]
Puthukkudiyiruppu Hospital shelling + [708]
Suthanthirapuram shelling -
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardment3- 100+ woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[709]
Ponnambalam Memorial Hospital bombing (up to)
Mahtalan, Moongilaru, Suthanthirapuram, Thevipuram, Udayarkattu and Vallipuram shelling
Puthukkudiyiruppu shelling
Putumattalan shelling
Suthanthirapuram shelling [710]
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardment76 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[711]
Devipuram shelling
Pokkanai bombing
Mattalan shelling
Putumattalan Hospital shelling + [712] [713]
Indiscriminate shelling in Mullaitivu10- According to pro-rebel TamilNet[714]
Mattalan, Thevipuram and Vallipuram shelling
Iranaipalai shelling
Puthukkudiyiruppu Hospital shelling
Thevipuram and Vallipuram shelling
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardment14- According to pro-rebel TamilNet[715]
Mullivaikkal and Putumattalan bombing and shelling
Valayanmadam shelling
Mattalan shelling
Valayanmadam shelling
Ampalavanpokkanai, Idaikdu and Puthukkudiyiruppu shelling
Valayanmadam bombing +
Ananthapuram, Iranaipalai, Mullivaikkal and Puthukkudiyiruppu shelling
Valayanmadam shelling
Ananthapuram, Iranaipalai, Pokkanai, Puthukkudiyiruppu and Valayanmadam shelling
Ampalavanpokkanai, Mattalan, Mullivaikkal, Pokkanai and Valayanmadam shelling
Ananthapuram and Iranaipalai shelling
No Fire Zone shelling21- 130 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[716]
Iranaipalai shelling
Puthukkudiyiruppu bombing and shelling
Mullaitivu shelling31 February- According to pro-rebel TamilNet[717]
Mattalan hospital bombingAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[718]
No Fire Zone shelling 182 injured According to pro-rebel TamilNet[719] [720]
Ampalavakanai and Mullivaikkal shelling
Abduction and disappearance of 17-year-old Jeromy Kasipillai Mullaitivu [721] [722]
Mattalan and Valayanmadam shelling
Mattalan and Valayanmadam shelling -
No Fire Zone shelling -
No Fire Zone shelling 273 wounded According to pro-rebel TamilNet[723]
No Fire Zone shelling
No Fire Zone shelling -
No Fire Zone shelling 130+ wounded According to pro-rebel TamilNet[724]
Pokkanai shelling
Mattalan, Mullivaikkal and Pokkanai shelling
Mattalan shelling
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardmentScores injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[725]
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardment15- 200+ injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[726]
Valayanmadam bombing
No Fire Zone shelling18- According to pro-rebel TamilNet[727]
Valayanmadam shelling
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardment80According to pro-rebel TamilNet[728]
No Fire Zone bombardment22- 160 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[729]
Mullivaikkal, Putumattalan and Valayanmadam shelling +
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardmentAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[730]
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardment185 wounded According to pro-rebel TamilNet[731]
Puthumattalan hospital bombing11 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[732]
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardment26- 109 children injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[733]
No Fire Zone shelling
No Fire Zone shelling
No Fire Zone shelling and bombardment119 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[734]
Indiscriminate attacks at Mullaitivu 156 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[735]
Cluster bombing of No Fire Zone 120 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[736]
Killing of 12 pregnant mothersAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[737]
Indiscriminate attacks on No Fire Zone 1- 195 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[738]
Indiscriminate attacks on No Fire Zone 143 woundedAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[739]
Pokkanai shelling
Primary Health clinic shelling
No Fire Zone shelling
Indiscriminate attacks at Pokkanai and Valaignarmadam 300 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[740]
No Fire Zone Shelling36 injured According to pro-rebel TamilNet[741]
Indiscriminate attacks at Valaignarmadam and Mullivaikkal According to pro-rebel TamilNet[742]
Indiscriminate attacks on civilian zone in Mullivaikkal and Pokkanai According to pro-rebel TamilNet[743]
Shelling of No Fire Zone 300 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[744]
Pokkanai shelling -
Shelling of Iraddaivaikkal and Mullivaikkal According to pro-rebel TamilNet[745]
Shelling of Mathalan and Pokkanai 600 seriously wounded According to pro-rebel TamilNet[746]
Valayanmadam makeshift hospital bombing -
Mass killing of civilians at Puthumathalan + [747]
Valayanmadam shelling
+ [748] [749] [750] [751] [752] [753]
Iraddayvaikkal and Mullivaikkal bombing
Mullivaikkal makeshift hospital bombing 15 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[754]
Indiscriminate attacks at Mullivaikkal According to pro-rebel TamilNet[755]
Indiscriminate shelling at Mullivaikkal + 110+ injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[756]
Mullivaikkal makeshift hospital bombing 87 injured[757]
Valayanmadam makeshift hospital bombing -
Indiscriminate shelling at Mullivaikkal + 242+ injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[758]
Bombing of 'safe zone' at Mullivaikkal At least 50 injuredAccording to pro-rebel TamilNet[759]
10- + According to pro-rebel TamilNet[760] [761] [762] [763]
Mullivaikkal makeshift hospital bombing 55 seriously injured[764]
Mullivaikkal makeshift hospital bombing + According to pro-rebel TamilNet[765]
Hundreds maimed According to pro-rebel TamilNet[766]
Killing of Vijayabalan (37) 2 injured According to pro-rebel TamilNet[767]
Indiscriminate attacks at Mullivaikkal + 2000-3000 dead bodies lying around civilian congested area According to pro-rebel TamilNet[768]
17–19 May 2009 disappearances of Tamils in Army custody 17- [769] [770]
[771] [772]
[773] [774]
Gun Site killings of Tamil-speaking youths late [775] [776]
[777] [778]
Weliweriya Protestors' Attack Weliweirya [779] [780] [781]
[782] [783]
Killing of Thiraviyam Ramalingam (24) [784]
117 severely injuredPolice[785]
Killing of Chandran Vithushan (21) Iruthayapuram, Batticaloa[786] [787] [788] [789]
Police[790]
Killing of R. Rajakumari (42) [791] [792]
Killing of Nagarasa Alex (25)[793] [794] [795] [796]
Killing of Anandadeepan Darsanth (13) Kalmunai probation centre, AmparaDepartment of Probation and Child Care Services[797] [798]

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Sri Lanka (LTTE) 2005-2009 . 4 October 2023.
  2. Web site: Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka . Kenneth Bus . 4 October 2023.
  3. Web site: Sri Lanka - Ethnic Composition of the Armed Forces . 2023-05-12 . www.country-data.com.
  4. Web site: Thangavelu, V. At Manal Aru (Weli Oya) Sinhalese State Ethnically Cleansed Tamils. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024118/http://www.nakkeran.com/colonization3A.htm. 4 March 2016. 8 May 2015. Nakkeran. dmy-all.
  5. Web site: Genocide Against Tamil People: Massacres, Pogroms, Destruction of Property, Sexual Violence and Assassinations of Civil Society Leaders . People's Tribunal on Sri Lanka (PTSL) . 8 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090208/http://www.ptsrilanka.org/images/documents/massacres_pogroms_en.pdf . 18 May 2015.
  6. Web site: 2020-10-20 . Sri Lanka: Forced Anal Exams in Homosexuality Prosecutions . 2023-06-20 . Human Rights Watch . en.
  7. Web site: Alive from the abyss: continuing abductions and torture in Sri Lanka . Journalists for democracy in Sri Lanka . 8 September 2021 . Frances Harrison . 4 October 2023.
  8. Web site: Press Release: Sri Lankan security forces torturing and raping young Tamils . 8 September 2021 . International Truth and Justice Project . https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172859/https://www.itjpsl.com/assets/press/press-release-torture-report-FINAL-ENGLISH.pdf . 8 September 2021 . 4 October 2023.
  9. News: Three killed as Sri Lankan Army clamps down on protesters . The Hindu . 5 August 2013 . Srinivasan . Meera.
  10. Book: Tambiah. Stanley Jeyaraja. Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah. Buddhism Betrayed?: Religion, Politics, and Violence in Sri Lanka. 1992. University of Chicago Press. 0-226-78950-0. 7.
  11. Book: Gunasinghe. Newton. Winslow. Deborah. Woost. Michael D.. Economy, Culture, and Civil War in Sri Lanka. 2004. Indiana University Press. 0-253-34420-4. 99. 4: The Open Economy and Its Impact on Ethnic Relations in Sri Lanka.
  12. Book: Pieris. Anoma. Architecture and Nationalism in Sri Lanka: The Trouser Under the Cloth. 2012. Routledge. 978-0-415-63002-3. 106.
  13. Kearney, R.N.. 1985. Ethnic Conflict and the Tamil Separatist Movement in Sri Lanka. Asian Survey. 25. 9. 898–917. 10.2307/2644418. 2644418.
  14. Web site: hartal Ceylonese labour strike . britannica.com . Britannica . 21 June 2023.
  15. Book: Hughes. Dhana. Violence, Torture and Memory in Sri Lanka: Life After Terror. 2013. Routledge. 978-1-135-03815-1. 8.
  16. News: Jayasinghe. Amal. Analysis: Sworn enemy turned ally. BBC News. 3 September 2001.
  17. Book: Rampton. David. Woods. Eric Taylor. Schertzer. Robert S.. Kaufmann. Eric. Nationalism and Conflict Management. 2013. Routledge. 978-1-135-70852-8. 111–117. "Deeper Hegemony": The Politics of Sinhala Nationalist Authenticity and the Failures of Power-Sharing in Sri Lanka.
  18. Book: Perera. Jehan. Colletta. Nat J.. Lim. Teck Ghee. Kelles-Viitanen. Anita. Social Cohesion and Conflict Prevention in Asia: Managing Diversity Through Development. 2001. World Bank Publications. 978-0-8213-4874-1. 385. https://books.google.com/books?id=64Fvi7j42wMC. Approaches to Ending the Civil War in Sri Lanka: The Role of the State and Civil Society.
  19. Web site: April 1971. Peace and Conflict Timeline. 16 August 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233109/http://pact.lk/april-1971/. 14 July 2014.
  20. Jehan Perera, "Approaches to Ending the Civil War in Sri Lanka: The Role of the State and Civil Society," in Social Cohesion and Conflict Prevention in Asia, ed. Nat J. Colletta et al. (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001), 385.
  21. News: Kataragama beauty queen murder case: The need to obey only lawful commands . 3 October 2023 . Sunday Times.
  22. Book: Rajasingham, K. T.. Sri Lanka: The Untold Story. http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DA26Df04.html. Chapter 24: Tamil militancy - a manifestation. 1 August 2010. 3 May 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090503231851/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DA26Df04.html.
  23. Book: Hoole. Rajan. Rajan Hoole. Sri Lanka: the Arrogance of Power: Myths, Decadence and Murder. 2001. University Teachers for Human Rights. http://www.uthr.org/Book/CHA02.htm. Chapter 2: Antecedents of July 1983 and the Foundations of Impunity. 978-955-9447-04-7.
  24. News: 35th anniversary of Tamil Conference victims held in Jaffna. TamilNet. 11 January 2009.
  25. Book: Wilson. A. Jeyaratnam. A. Jeyaratnam Wilson. S.J.V.Chelvanayakam and the Crisis of Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism, 1947-1977. 1994. C. Hurst & Co.. 112. 14 June 2015. 29 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180529203731/http://noolaham.net/project/87/8603/8603.pdf.
  26. Web site: Asia Report N°134 - Sri Lanka's Muslims: Caught in the Crossfire. International Crisis Group . 4. 29 May 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923225409/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-asia/sri-lanka/134_sri_lanka_s_muslims_caught_in_the_crossfire.pdf. 23 September 2015.
  27. News: Jeyaraj. D. B. S.. Ashraff's mystique still lingers among Eastern Muslims. The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 20 September 2014.
  28. Amnesty international Report on Sri Lanka, Jan 1981
  29. Web site: Burning of the Jaffna Library. Amnesty International's 1982 fact-finding mission to Sri Lanka. Tamilnation.org.
  30. Brian Eads - The Cover Up That Failed - The Prohibited Report From Colombo, London Observer - 20 September 1981
  31. Tamil Times, November 1981 - Sri Lanka, the continuing catalogue of violence, p2
  32. Tamil Times, February 1982 - report on army brutality, p7
  33. Amnesty International, Sri Lanka, File on Torture, No. 10, October 1985
  34. Tamil Times, May 1983 - YOUTH WITH 35 INJURIES DIES IN ARMY CUSTODY, p14
  35. [Saturday Review (Sri Lankan newspaper)|Saturday Review]
  36. News: . 4 June 1983 . Armed Forces attack Gandhiyam farm: Vavuniya shops burnt . 12.
  37. Tamil Times, June 1983 - Racial attacks on Tamils continue, bombs flung at MP's house, p4
  38. [The Guardian]
  39. Tamil Times, August 1983 - JUNE DIARY OF ATROCITIES IN TRINCOMALEE, p10
  40. Web site: ICJ Review no. 31 (December 1983). live. 24. https://web.archive.org/web/20140328101610/http://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/ICJ-Review-31-1983-eng.pdf . 28 March 2014.
  41. Book: Rubin, Barnett R. . Cycles of Violence: Human Rights in Sri Lanka Since the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement . 1987 . Human Rights Watch . 978-0-938579-43-4 . en.
  42. T. Sabaratnam, Pirapaharan, Volume 2, Chapter 5 – The Second Massacre (2003)
  43. Daily Mirror, KKS Perera, Reflecting… 40th Anniversary of 'Black July': Have We Truly Learned from History? https://www.dailymirror.lk/opinion/Reflecting-40th-Anniversary-of-Black-July-Have-We-Truly-Learned-from-History/172-262724
  44. News: Daily News . Being 'in and out' of the UNP Controversial Cyril Mathew . 6 December 2017 .
  45. News: . V.S. . Jayaschandran . 14-20 August 1983 . Lanka Burns . 16–21.
  46. Book: Piyadasa, L. . 1984 . Sri Lanka: The Holocaust and After . London . Marram Books . 81, 86.
  47. Book: Venkatachalam, M.S. . 1987 . Genocide in Sri Lanka . Delhi . Gian Publishing House . 67.
  48. News: July 1983: Ranil Wickremasinghe Followed Cyril Mathew. Colombo Telegraph. 3 September 2013. Rajan. Hoole. 16 October 2017.
  49. Patricia Hyndman, Sri Lanka - Serendipity under Siege, Law Asia Human Rights Committee, Spokesman Books; First Edition (1 Mar. 1988) pp.8-10
  50. News: 10 Die in Sri Lanka As Troops Fire at Crowd. The New York Times. Associated Press. 29 March 1984.
  51. Book: Rajasingham, K. T.. Sri Lanka: The Untold Story. http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DC09Df04.html. Chapter 30: Whirlpool of violence. 15 March 2009. 16 April 2002. https://web.archive.org/web/20020416181258/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DC09Df04.html.
  52. Web site: Satyendra. Nadesan. The Chunnakam Massacre. Tamil Nation. 15 April 1984.
  53. Tamil Times, May 1984 - Murders most foul, p.7
  54. Tamil Times, April 1984 - Burning and killing to save Buddhism, p2
  55. Tamil Times, April 1984 - Lankan army on shooting spree, several killed, women & children included, pp.5-6
  56. Tamil Times, June 1984 - Amnesty international on extrajudicial executions in Sri Lanka, pp.1-3
  57. News: Fineman . Mark . 50 SLAIN IN SRI LANKAN CRACKDOWN . Philadelphia Inquirer . 1983-08-08.
  58. Tamil Times - September 1984, Army shoots commuters, p12
  59. Tamil Times - September 1984, One killed, three injured as Army opens fire, p12
  60. Tamil Times - September 1984, Mortuary 'overflowing' with dead bodies, p12
  61. Tamil Times - September 1984, 5,000 civilians flee, following army rampage, p12
  62. Tamil Times - September 1984, 9 killed, 25 injured at Kaithady, p12
  63. Tamil Times - September 1984, VVT citizens committee assesses damage, p13
  64. Tamil Times - September 1984, Mental patient shot by army, p13
  65. Tamil Times - September 1984, Magistrate house set ablaze, p13
  66. Eelanadu, 3 September 1984, "திக்கம் சம்பவம்: 6 அதிரடிபடை வீரர்கள் பலி! பல வீடுகள், கடைகள் எரிப்பு
  67. Tamil Times, September 1984, "Point Pedro devastated — College Library gutted", p.14
  68. [Saturday Review (Sri Lankan newspaper)|Saturday Review]
  69. Tamil Times - October 1984, Tamil travails, p.10
  70. News: Parthasarathy. S.. December 1984 . Unarmed and under siege . The Hindu.
  71. Tamil Times - October 1984, Tamil travails, p.11
  72. Tamil Times - November 1984, Tamil travails - state terrorism continues, p15
  73. Tamil Times - November 1984, ARMY ATROCITIES ON THE INCREASE RAMPAGE OF MURDER & ARSON, p9
  74. Tamil Times - December 1984, Tamil travails, state terrorism stepped up, p14
  75. Tamil Times - December 1984, Tamil travails, state terrorism stepped up, p15
  76. Gamini Navaratne (1988) How we beat the bombs and censors in Jaffna, Index on Censorship, 17:4, 26-27, DOI: 10.1080/03064228808534397
  77. [Saturday Review (Sri Lankan newspaper)|Saturday Review]
  78. Tamil Times - January 1985, state terrorism: grotesque, ghastly genocide p.14
  79. Tamil Times - January 1985, state terrorism: grotesque, ghastly genocide p.15
  80. Tamil Times - December 1984, TAMIL AREAS UNDER SIEGE - 1000s KILLED, MANY MORE ARRESTED, p1
  81. Tamil Times - December 1984, Wanted for murder, p2
  82. News: Sabaratnam. T.. The ignored side of Balraj story. The Bottom Line (Sri Lanka). 28 May 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080530091649/http://www.thebottomline.lk/2008/05/28/asiseeit_col.htm. 30 May 2008.
  83. Web site: Janaka Perera. LankaNewspapers.com. 7 October 2008.
  84. Book: Rajasingham, K. T.. Sri Lanka: The Untold Story. http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DC16Df02.html. Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of terror. 16 March 2009. 15 June 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060615040549/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DC16Df02.html.
  85. Web site: Massacre of 32 Tamils by the Sri Lankan army remembered in Othiyamalai . 2023-08-08 . Tamil Guardian.
  86. Web site: Vavuniya residents mark another massacre . 2023-08-08 . Tamil Guardian.
  87. Web site: 2022-12-06 . 29 Tamil civilians killed in Vavuniya village remembered . 2023-08-08 . The Leader . en-gb.
  88. Tamil Times - January 1985, 64 killed at Chettikulam, p16
  89. Amnesty International, September 1986, Pattern of 'Disappearances' as security forces systematically violate human rights
  90. Book: Rubin, Barnett R. . Cycles of Violence: Human Rights in Sri Lanka Since the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement . 1987 . Human Rights Watch . 978-0-938579-43-4 . 112–114 . en.
  91. Book: Sabaratnam. T.. Pirapaharan: Volume Two. Ilankai Tamil Sangam. http://www.sangam.org/articles/view2/?uid=633. Chapter 23: Manal Aru becomes Weli Oya.
  92. Tamil Times - January 1985, state terrorism: grotesque, ghastly genocide p.16
  93. Web site: Report No. 1 - Chapter 2. University Teachers for Human Rights. January 1989.
  94. News: Mannar human rights activist Fr Mary Bastian remembered. TamilNet. 6 January 2004.
  95. Book: Brown. Cynthia. Playing the "Communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights. 1995. Human rights Watch. 978-1-56432-152-7. registration.
  96. Book: Marks, Thomas. Maoist Insurgency Since Vietnam. 1996. Routledge. 978-0-7146-4606-0. 197.
  97. News: Soldiers in Sri Lanka Are Reported to Kill 85. The New York Times. Associated Press. 6 December 1984.
  98. News: Tamils hit by scorched-earth blitz. Weaver . Mary Anne . January 27, 1985 . Sunday Times. 9. London.
  99. Web site: Michael Hamlyn reporting in The Times, 18 February 1985 . 2008-05-08 . Michael Hamlyn .
  100. Tamil Times - February 1985, state terrorism p.14
  101. Tamil Times - December 1984, Methodist minister, policeman and driver burnt to death, p3
  102. Tamil Times - February 1985, state terrorism p.15
  103. Tamil Times - March 1985, state terrorism, p.14
  104. Tamil Times - March 1985, state terrorism p.14
  105. The Times, 11.2.85, Sri Lanka Army accused of massacre in Jungle
  106. Tamil Times - April 1985, state terrorism. - Tamil travails under state terrorism, p.14
  107. Tamil Times - April 1985, state terrorism. - Tamil travails under state terrorism, p.15
  108. Tamil Times - April 1985, state terrorism. - Tamil travails under state terrorism, p.15-16
  109. Tamil Times - April 1985, state terrorism. - Tamil travails under state terrorism, p.16
  110. Tamil Times - May 1985, State terrorism - Bullets for them, dynamite for their houses, p.18
  111. Tamil Times - June 1985, state terrorism, more savaging of Tamils, p.16
  112. Tamil Times - April 1985, Police commandos join in violence, p.1
  113. Tamil Times - May 1985, Violence in East Sri Lanka, planned and instigated, p.4
  114. Book: Miller, Phil. Keenie Meenie: the British mercenaries who got away with war crimes. 2020. 978-1-78680-584-3. London . Pluto Press . 1135758174.
  115. Rajan Hoole – The Arrogance of Power, Chapter 20, Section 8, Border Aggression and Civilian Massacres – The East Erupts: Mossad Again? (2001)
  116. Police commandos join in violence – Tamil Times, April 1985, p18
  117. Some Critical Notes on the Non-Tamil Identity of the Muslims of Sri Lanka, and on Tamil–Muslim Relations – A. R.M. Imtiyaz a & S. R.H. Hoole, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies (2011), p229-230
  118. Tamil Times - June 1985, state terrorism, more savaging of Tamils, p.17
  119. Web site: Special Report No. 26 - Can the East be won through Human Culling?. University Teachers for Human Rights. 3 August 2007.
  120. Daily Telegraph, 10/6/85, 100s killed in massacre of Tamils, 25,000 homeless
  121. Tamil Times - May 1985, 30 Tamils blasted with explosives, p.1
  122. Tamil Times - May 1985, Repeat of July 1983 feared, p.3
  123. Tamil Times - May 1985, Attack on Sinhala civilians condemned, p.7
  124. Tamil Times - July 1985, State terrorism - gruesome massacre of Tamil civilians, p.16
  125. Web site: Report No. 2 - Chapter 4. University Teachers for Human Rights. March 1989.
  126. Book: Hoole. Rajan. Rajan Hoole. Sri Lanka: the Arrogance of Power: Myths, Decadence and Murder. 2001. University Teachers for Human Rights. 214. 978-955-9447-04-7.
  127. Tamil Times - May 1985, More Tamils killed, p.2
  128. Book: Rajasingham, K. T.. Sri Lanka: The Untold Story. http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DC23Df05.html. Chapter 32: Limbo between war and peace. 18 January 2009. 1 October 2002. https://web.archive.org/web/20021001211016/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DC23Df05.html.
  129. Book: Somasundaram, Daya. Scarred Minds: The Psychological Impact of War on Sri Lankan Tamils. 1998. SAGE Publications. 978-0-7619-9267-7. 310.
  130. Web site: ASA 37/015/1994 Sri Lanka: When will justice be done?. Amnesty International. 30 June 1994.
  131. News: June 28, 1985 . Anuradhapura Diary: a dark day . 34–35 . Frontline.
  132. News: 59 Tamils reported killed in Sri Lanka . Chicago Tribune . 1985-05-20.
  133. Web site: Information Bulletin No.10 - Trincomalee District in February 1996: Focusing on the Killiveddy Massacre. University Teachers for Human Rights. 2 March 1996.
  134. Web site: Sabaratnam . T. . November 5, 2004 . Pirapaharan: Vol.2, Chap.23 Manal Aru Becomes Weli Oya . 2023-07-26 . Ilankai Tamil Sangam.
  135. Tamil Times - July 1985, The massacre before 'ceasefire', p.7
  136. Tamil Times - August 1985, Navy kill three at bus stop, p.19
  137. [Saturday Review (Sri Lankan newspaper)|Saturday Review]
  138. News: ARMY SLAUGHTERS 200 TAMILS, VAVUNIYA, 'A GHOST TOWN'. August 1985. TAMIL TIMES.
  139. Book: Eelanadu . 25 August 1985 . 350 வீடுகள் தீக்கிரை . 1.
  140. Book: Eelanadu . 26 August 1985 . பொலிஸாரும், கமாண்டோக்களும் எமது வீடுகளை எரித்தனர் . 1, 5.
  141. Tamil Times, November 1985, "OPERATION MURUGAPURI", An Eyewitness Account p.17
  142. Tamil Times, October 1985, Operation Nilaveli: War on refugees, p.10
  143. News: . 21 September 1985 . STUDENTS SHOT DEAD . 8.
  144. Tamil Times, October 1985, Home guards kill 15 Tamils watching video film, p.11
  145. Tamil Times, October 1985, Diary of incidents in Tamil areas, p.20
  146. News: Uthayan . 15 December 1985 . மட்டக்களப்பில் கடந்த மாதம் 53 பேர் மரணம் . 3.
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  149. Web site: Remembering the Batticaloa Lake Road Massacre of 1985 . 2023-07-26 . Tamil Guardian.
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  152. Tamil Times, January 1986, Mutur burns and bleeds, p.6
  153. Tamil Times, February 1986, 21 Tamils massacred in Muthur, p.6
  154. News: Uthayan . 29 November 1985 . கிழக்கில் நேற்று 40 தமிழர் பலி! . 1.
  155. News: Uthayan . 1 December 1985 . லொறியில் சென்ற இராணுவ வீரர் துப்பாக்கிப் பிரயோகம் . 4.
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  159. News: Uthayan . 2 December 1985 . மட்டக்களப்பில் டாக்டர் உட்பட 6 பேர் மரணம்! . 1.
  160. News: Uthayan . 4 December 1985 . இளைஞர் ஓட சூடு விழுந்தது . 2.
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  163. News: Uthayan . 6 December 1985 . தேடுதலின் பின் சிறுவர்கள் காணாமல் போய்விட்டனர் - ஜனாதிபதிக்கு முறையீடு . 1.
  164. News: Uthayan . 3 December 1985 . சாரதி லொறியுடன் மீண்டார் - இளைஞரை காணவில்லை . 4.
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  167. News: Uthayan . 7 December 1985 . சேருவில இராணுவ முகாமில் 10 பேர் சுட்டுக் கொலை - இருவர் சிங்களவராம் . 1.
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  170. News: Uthayan . 9 December 1985 . பரந்தனில் துப்பாக்கிச் சூடு - இளைஞர்கள் தப்பினர்; அப்பாவி ஒருவர் பலி . 1.
  171. News: Uthayan . 13 December 1985 . அவர்கள் பார்வையில் சிறுவரும் போராளிகள்! . 1, 4.
  172. News: Uthayan . 12 December 1985 . குண்டுவெடிப்பு, துப்பாக்கி வேட்டால் உருத்திரபுரம் கலங்கியது . 4.
  173. News: Uthayan . 13 December 1985 . உருத்திரபுரம் சம்பவம்: வயல்களில் எட்டுச் சடலங்கள் . 1.
  174. News: Uthayan . 14 December 1985 . மூதூர் தேடுதலில் 6 தமிழ்ப் பெண்கள் மானபங்கம் . 4.
  175. News: Uthayan . 13 December 1985 . துப்பாக்கிச் சூடு; குண்டு வெடிப்பு - யாழ்ப்பாணம் நேற்று அதிர்ந்தது . 1, 4.
  176. Uthayan, December 18, 1985, "வலந்தலை, பொன்னாலையில் துப்பாக்கிப் பிரயோகம்", pp.1,4
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