List of art critics explained

This incomplete list of art critics enumerates persons who had or have a significant part of their known creative output in the form of art criticism, which consists mostly of the written discussion and aesthetic evaluation of works of art.

Scope

See main article: Art critic. There is no official list of art critics, the compilation of which is compounded by problems in defining art criticism – not least of which is the overlap with art history, and philosophy of art. Herein will be included those authors that are mentioned as being art critics or producing art criticism in works of reference, as are encyclopedias, dictionaries or scholarly reviews.

According to one authority, art criticism, in a close approximation to the current sociocultural framework of the activity, started in the 18th century CE in Western Europe. However, many authors living before that time and outside that region of the world wrote on the subject of art and aesthetic experience, though using terms and concepts that may not have a direct translation into the lexicon of the Western tradition. These, when mentioned, will be included as well though pertinently noted.

A

• Ansel Adams^[1]

• Qadi Ahmad - pre-18th century, non-Western

• Lawrence Alloway^[2]

• Antigones of Karystos - pre-18th century

• Guillaume Apollinaire^{[3] [4]}

• Pietro Aretino^[5] - pre-18th century

• St. Augustine - pre-18th century

• Albert Aurier^[6]

B

• Robert Balmanno^[7]

• Alfred H. Barr, Jr.^[8]

• Iris Barry^[9]

• Roland Barthes^[10]

• Geoffrey Batchen

• Charles Baudelaire^[11]

• Germain Bazin^[12]

• Monroe Beardsley^[13]

• Samuel Beazley

• Clive Bell^[14]

• Walter Benjamin^{[15] [16]}

• John Berger^[17]

• Heinz Berggruen^[18]

• Olivier Berggruen^[19]

• Oswell Blakeston^[20]

• Franz Boas

• André Breton

• Osip Brik^[21]

• Benjamin Buchloh^[22]

• Victor Burgin^[23]

C

• Charles Caffin^[24]

• Dan Cameron^[25]

• F. Lennox Campello^[26]

• Maxime Du Camp^[27]

• William Paulet Carey

• Carl Gustav Carus^[28]

• Fernando Castro^[29]

• Germano Celant^[30]

• Jean-François Chevrier^[31]

• John Chandler^[32]

• Henry Fothergill Chorley

• Cynthia Chris

• Robert Coates^[33]

• Georges Cochet^[34]

• Charles-Nicolas Cochin

• A.D. Coleman^[35]

• John Coplans^[36]

• Douglas Crimp^{[37] [38] [39]}

• Benedetto Croce^[40]

• George Cumberland

• Allan Cunningham

D

• Richard Dagley

• Arthur Danto^{[41] [42]}

• George Darley

• Olivier Debroise^[43]

• David Deitcher

• Erik de Smedt

• Thomas Frognall Dibdin

• Denis Diderot^{[44] [45]}

• Charles Wentworth Dilke

• Regis Durand^[46]

• Edward Dubois

• Henry Bate Dudley

• Edouard Dujardin^[47]

• Théodore Duret^[48]

E

• John Eagles

• Tomas Elsaesser^[49]

• James Elmes

• Hugo Erfurth^[50]

• Walker Evans^[51]

• Nissim Ezekiel^[52]

F

• Sara Facio^[53]

• Anna Fárova^[54]

• Edmund Burke Feldman

• Ernest Fenellosa^[55]

• Carl Ludwig Fernow^[56]

• Filarete - pre-18th century

• Hal Fischer

• Étienne La Font de Saint-Yenne^[57]

• André Fontainas^[58]

• Hal Foster (b. 1955)^{[59] [60]}

• Michael Fried^[61]

• Michel Frizot^[62]

• Roger Fry^[63]

• Tatsuo Fukushima^[64]

G

• Theóphile Gautier^[65]

• Lorenzo Ghiberti - pre-18th century

• André Gide

• Antoine Joseph Gorsas

• David Green^[66]

• Clement Greenberg^{[67] [68]}

• Guo Hsi - pre-18th century, non-Western

• Guo Ruoxu - pre-18th century, non-Western

H

• Gustav Hartlaub

• Sadakichi Hartmann^[69]

• Benjamin Robert Haydon

• William Hazlitt

• Eleanor Heartney^[70]

• Dave Hickey^{[71] [72]}

• Prince Hoare

• Fred Hoffman^[73]

• Robert Hughes^{[74] [75]}

• Robert Hunt

• Joris-Karl Huysmans^{[76] [77]}

I

• Amelia Ishmael

J

• Ian Jeffrey^[78]

• Jiri Jenícek

• Edward Alden Jewell^[79]

• William Jerdan

• Daudet de Jossan

• Donald Judd^[80]

K

• Ilee Kaplan^[81]

• Mary Kelly^[82]

• Max Kozloff^[83]

• Hilton Kramer

• Rosalind Krauss^[84]

• Barbara Kruger^[85]

• Donald Kuspit^[86]

L

• John Landseer

• Lucia Lendelova^[87]

• Claude Lévi-Strauss

• Lucy Lippard

• Lucian - pre-18th century

• György Lukács^[88]

M

• Janet Malcolm^[89]

• André Malraux^[90]

• Elizabeth McCausland^[91]

• Edward Mayhew

• Vijayakumar Menon

• Ursula Meyer

• Catherine Millet^[92]

• Nikolay Alexandrovich Milyutin^[93]

• Octave Mirbeau^[94]

• Gilles Mora^[95]

• Robert Morris^[96]

• Thomas Munro

N

• John Neal

• Barnett Newman^[97]

• Friedrich Nietzsche

• Bernard Noël^[98]

O

• Jerzy Olek^[99]

• Craig Owens

• Martha Tracy Owler^[100]

P

• Walter Pater^[101]

• José Pierre^[102]

• Plato - pre-18th century

• Nikolai Punin^[103]

• William Henry Pyne

R

• Jasia Reichardt^[104]

• Antoine Renou^[105]

• Pierre Restany^[106]

• Jacques Rivière^[107]

• John Hamilton Reynolds

• Franz Roh^[108]

• Barbara Rose^[109]

• Jacqueline Rose^[110]

• Harold Rosenberg^[111]

• Robert Rosenblum

• Martha Rosler^[112]

• William Rubin

• John Ruskin^{[113] [114]}

S

• Irving Sandler^[115]

• Elaine Scarry

• August Wilhelm von Schlegel^[116]

• John Scott

• Victor Serge^[117]

• Michael Seuphor^[118]

• William Sharp^[119]

• Willoughby Sharp^[120]

• Martin Archer Shee

• Viktor Shklovsky^[121]

• Ralph A. Smith

• Robert Smithson^[122]

• Rebecca Solnit

• Abigail Solomon-Godeau^[123]

• Susan Sontag

• Jo Spence

• Carol Squiers^[124]

• Leo Steinberg^[125]

• George Stanley

• Wendy Steiner

• Louis Stettner^[126]

• John Szarkowski^[127]

T

• Catherine Taft^[128]

• John Taylor

• Tériade^{[129] [130]}

• William Makepeace Thackeray

• Theophilus - pre-18th century

• Gene Thornton^[131]

• Charles Traub^[132]

• Sergei Tretyakov^[133]

V

• Giorgio Vasari^[134] - pre-18th century

• Marina Vaizey^[135]

• Louis Vauxcelles^{[136] [137]}

• Carl Van Vechten^[138]

• Egon Vietta^[139]

• Paul Virilio^[140]

• Vitruvius - pre-18th century

W

• Thomas Griffiths Wainewright

• Walter Henry Watts

• Francis Wey^[141]

• Oscar Wilde

• John Williams

• Deborah Willis-Kennedy^[142]

• Johann Joachim Winckelmann

• Stanislaw Witkiewicz^[143]

• Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (Witkacy)

• Wilhelm Worringer

• Téodor de Wyzewa^[144]

X

• Xenocrates of Sikyon - pre-18th century

Y

• Yao Jui-Chung^[145]

Z

• Marius de Zayas^[146]

See also

• List of aestheticians
• List of critics
• List of painters
• List of philosophers
• List of sculptors

Notes and References

1. Encyclopedia: Neumann . Caryn E. . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Frederick Sommer. 2006. Routledge. 1463.
2. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 700–701. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
3. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 153. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
4. Encyclopedia: Bates . Scott. Gaëtan. Brulotte. John. Phillips. Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Apollinaire, Guillaume . 2006. Taylor & Francis Group. 40.
5. Encyclopedia: Moulton . Ian Frederick. Gaëtan. Brulotte. John. Phillips. Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Aretino, Pietro . 2006. Taylor & Francis Group. 72.
6. Book: Post-Impressionism to World War II. 2005. Blackwell. Malden, MA. 978-1-4051-1153-9. x. Debbie Lewer.
7. Barnett. Maura. The contemporary response to British art before Ruskin's "Modern painters": an examination of exhibition reviews published in the British periodical press and the journalist art critics who penned them: from the late eighteenth century to 1843. PhD. November 1993. 312–337. University of Warwick. 2013-12-12.
8. Encyclopedia: Greenberger. SARA . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Alfred H. Barr, Jr.. 2006. Routledge. 99.
9. Encyclopedia: Friedman . Daniel . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. The Museum Of Modern Art Of New York. 2006. Routledge. 1104.
10. Encyclopedia: Pedri . Nancy . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Semiotics. 2006. Routledge. 1404.
11. Encyclopedia: Todd-Raque. Susan . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Photography In The United States: The South. 2006. Routledge. 1594.
12. Encyclopedia: Woods. Marianne Berger . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Dora Maar. 2006. Routledge. 987.
13. Encyclopedia: Wreen. Michael. Edward N.. Zalta . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Beardsley's Aesthetics. Fall 2010.
14. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 113, 912. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
15. Encyclopedia: Pedri . Nancy . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Susan Sontag. 2006. Routledge. 1466.
16. Encyclopedia: Osborne. Peter. Charles. Matthew. Edward N.. Zalta . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Walter Benjamin. Winter 2013. (forthcoming URL).
17. Encyclopedia: Rexer. Lyle . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. John Berger . 2006. Routledge. 121.
18. Encyclopedia: Woods. Marianne Berger . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Dora Maar. 2006. Routledge. 988.
19. Web site: Jacques Herzog explains the spheres in his design for the Berggruen Institute Design & Architecture. blogs.kcrw.com. 5 September 2017 . en-US. 2018-06-17. "[Nicolas] Berggruen [is the] son of the late Heinz Berggruen, a prominent art dealer, and brother of art critic and historian Olivier Berggruen."
20. Encyclopedia: Brown. Leslie K. . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Francis Joseph Bruguiére. 2006. Routledge. 176.
21. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 323. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
22. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 1036. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
23. Encyclopedia: Clemmen . Yves-Antoine . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Discursive Spaces. 2006. Routledge. 399.
24. Encyclopedia: Woods . Marianne Berger . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Gertrude Käsebier. 2006. Routledge. 844.
25. Encyclopedia: Athanassopoulos . Vangelis . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. History Of Photography: The 1980s . 2006. Routledge. 745.
26. Web site: The Obsessions of F. Lennox Campello. Rousseau. Claudia. 2017-06-07. East City Art. 2019-03-09.
27. Encyclopedia: Merckel. Nola. Gaëtan. Brulotte. John. Phillips. Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Du Camp, Maxime. 2006. Taylor & Francis Group. 370.
28. Encyclopedia: Gotesky. Rubin . Donald M. . Borchert. Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Carus, Carl Gustav . 2nd. 2006. Thomson Gale. 2. 63.
29. Encyclopedia: Retter . Yolanda . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Photography In South America. 2006. Routledge. 1468.
30. Book: Cumming, Robert. Eyewitness Companions: Art. 2005. Penguin. 425.
31. Encyclopedia: Kempf. Jean . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Photography In France. 2006. Routledge. 553.
32. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 893. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
33. Book: Cumming, Robert. Eyewitness Companions: Art. 2005. Penguin. 412.
34. Encyclopedia: . J. Gordon. Melton. Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology. Forthuny, Pascal. 2001. 1. Gale Group. 1395.
35. Encyclopedia: Todd-Raque. Susan . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Photography In The United States: The South. 2006. Routledge. 1595.
36. Encyclopedia: Barr. Nancy . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. John Coplans. 2006. Routledge. 328.
37. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 1089. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
38. Encyclopedia: Shepard. Benjamin . George . Ritzer. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. sex panics. 2nd. 2006. Blackwell. 4207.
39. Encyclopedia: Bussard . Katherine . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Museums: United States. 2006. Routledge. 1135.
40. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 108. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
41. Encyclopedia: Silvers. Anita . Donald M. . Borchert. Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Danto, Arthur . 2nd. 2006. Thomson Gale. 2. 627.
42. Encyclopedia: Adajian. Thomas. Edward N.. Zalta . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The Definition of Art. Winter 2012.
43. Encyclopedia: Mraz . John . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Photography In Mexico. 2006. Routledge. 1035.
44. Encyclopedia: Torrey. Norman L. . Donald M. . Borchert. Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diderot, Denis . 2nd. 2006. Thomson Gale. 3. 71.
45. Encyclopedia: Masciello. Jessica M. . H. James . Birx. Encyclopedia of time : science, philosophy, theology, and culture. Diderot, Denis (1731–1784) . 2nd. 2006. SAGE Publications. 310.
46. Encyclopedia: McKaig. Bruce . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. . 2006. Routledge. 261.
47. Book: Post-Impressionism to World War II. 2005. Blackwell. Malden, MA. 978-1-4051-1153-9. 65. Debbie Lewer.
48. Book: Art in Theory: 1900-1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 22. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
49. Encyclopedia: Howe . Andrew . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Leni Riefenstahl. 2006. Routledge. 1345.
50. Encyclopedia: Rosenthal. Donald . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Hugo Erfurth. 2006. Routledge. 446.
51. Encyclopedia: Crank . Andy . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Walker Evans. 2006. Routledge. 465.
52. Encyclopedia: King. Bruce . Martin . Coyle. Peter . Garside. Malcolm . Kelsall. John . Peck. Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism. New English Literatures. Routledge. 1993. 1119.
53. Encyclopedia: Retter . Yolanda . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Photography In South America. 2006. Routledge. 1469.
54. Encyclopedia: Neumann . Caryn E. . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Josef Koudelka. 2006. Routledge. 886.
55. Encyclopedia: Raffel . Burton . Alex. Preminger . T. V. F. . Brogan . The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. Translation . 1993. Princeton University Press. 1305.
56. Encyclopedia: Wicks. Robert. Edward N.. Zalta . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Arthur Schopenhauer. Winter 2011.
57. Walter . Nancy Paige Ryan . From Armida to Cornelia: Women and Representation in Prerevolutionary France . MA . 11 . 1995 . Texas Tech University . 4 February 2015.
58. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 23–24. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
59. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 1065. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
60. Encyclopedia: Patrick . Martin . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Appropriation. 2006. Routledge. 46.
61. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 953–954. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
62. Encyclopedia: Francisco. Jason . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. War Photography. 2006. Routledge. 1643.
63. Encyclopedia: Leddy . Tom . Edward N.. Zalta . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Dewey's Aesthetics. Spring 2013.
64. Encyclopedia: Cyril . Thomas . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Photography In Japan . 2006. Routledge. 829.
65. Encyclopedia: Hale. Terry. Gaëtan. Brulotte. John. Phillips. Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Gautier, Theóphile. 2006. Taylor & Francis Group. 523.
66. Encyclopedia: Marion . Sarah L. . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Creative Camera. 2006. Routledge. 341.
67. Tekiner. Deniz. Formalist Art Criticism and the Politics of Meaning. Social Justice. 2006. 33. 2 (104) – Art, Power, and Social Change. 31–44. 29768369.
68. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 701. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
69. Encyclopedia: Young. Stephenie . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. History of Photography: Postwar Era. 2006. Routledge. 738.
70. Book: Murphy, Michael P.. A theology of criticism: Balthasar, postmodernism, and the Catholic imagination. limited. 2008. Oxford University Press. 119. 978-0-19-533352-7 .
71. Gemtou. Eleni. Subjectivity in Art History and Art Criticism. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities. 2010. 2. 1. 2–13. 12 December 2013. 10.21659/rupkatha.v2n1.02. free.
72. Encyclopedia: Guyer. Paul . Donald M. . Borchert. Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Aesthetics, History of [addendum]. 2nd. 2006. Thomson Gale. 1. 67.
73. Anderson. Tom. Defining and Structuring Art Criticism for Education. Studies in Art Education. Summer 1993. 34. 4. 199–208. National Art Education Association. 1320404. 10.2307/1320404.
74. Encyclopedia: Golden. Renata . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Robert Rauschenberg. 2006. Routledge. 1322.
75. Book: Boden, Margaret A.. Margaret A. Boden . Mind as machine : a history of cognitive science. 2006. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 978-0199241446. 28. [1st paperback ed.]..
76. Book: Post-Impressionism to World War II. 2005. Blackwell. Malden, MA. 978-1-4051-1153-9. 55. Debbie Lewer.
77. Encyclopedia: Cogman. Peter. Gaëtan. Brulotte. John. Phillips. Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Huysmans, Joris-Karl. 2006. Taylor & Francis Group. 654.
78. Encyclopedia: Marion . Sarah L. . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Creative Camera. 2006. Routledge. 340.
79. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 561–562. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
80. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 1029. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
81. Encyclopedia: Retter. Yolanda . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Ruth Bernhard . 2006. Routledge. 123.
82. Encyclopedia: McCarroll . Stacey . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Feminist Photography. 2006. Routledge. 509.
83. Encyclopedia: Young. Stephenie . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Max Kozloff. 2006. Routledge. 889.
84. Encyclopedia: Clemmen. Yves . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Rosalind Krauss. 2006. Routledge. 891.
85. Encyclopedia: Gagnon . Monika Kin . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Barbara Kruger . 2006. Routledge. 893–894.
86. Encyclopedia: Gerstheimer. Christian . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Arnulf Rainer. 2006. Routledge. 1318.
87. Encyclopedia: Myzelev. Alla . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Photography In Russia And Eastern Europe. 2006. Routledge. 1373.
88. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 553. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
89. Encyclopedia: Keith . Rachel . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. William Eggleston. 2006. Routledge. 431.
90. Ackerman. James S.. Art History and the Problems of Criticism. Daedalus. Winter 1960. 89. 1 – The Visual Arts Today. 253–263. 20026565.
91. Encyclopedia: Gordon . Richard . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Lewis Wickes Hine. 2006. Routledge. 699.
92. Encyclopedia: Dumas. Nathalie . Gaëtan. Brulotte. John. Phillips. Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Millet, Catherine, and Jacques Henric. 2006. Taylor & Francis Group. 901.
93. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 660–661. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
94. Encyclopedia: Lomine. Loykie Loïc . Gaëtan. Brulotte. John. Phillips. Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Mirbeau, Octave. 2006. Taylor & Francis Group. 908.
95. Encyclopedia: Kempf. Jean . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Photography In France. 2006. Routledge. 552.
96. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 813–814. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
97. Book: Cumming, Robert. Eyewitness Companions: Art. 2005. Penguin. 415.
98. Encyclopedia: Brulotte. Gaëtan . Gaëtan. Brulotte. John. Phillips. Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Noël, Bernard. 2006. Taylor & Francis Group. 960.
99. Encyclopedia: Myzelev . Alla . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Photography In Russia And Eastern Europe. 2006. Routledge. 1372.
100. News: BIG AND LITTLE. Martha Tracy Owler. . 21 November 2023 . The Standard Union . 5 September 1891 . 8. en.
101. Encyclopedia: Schaper. Eva . Donald M. . Borchert. Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Pater, Walter Horatio . 2nd. 2006. Thomson Gale. 7. 136.
102. Encyclopedia: Paquet. Dominique . Gaëtan. Brulotte. John. Phillips. Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Pierre, José. 2006. Taylor & Francis Group. 1031.
103. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 311. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
104. Book: Boden, Margaret A.. Mind as machine : a history of cognitive science. 2006. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 978-0199241446. 1089. [1st paperback ed.].. limited.
105. Wrigley. Richard. Censorship and Anonymity in Eighteenth-Century French Art Criticism. Oxford Art Journal. 1983. 6. 2, Criticism. 17–28. Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oxartj/6.2.17. 1360201.
106. Book: Art in Theory: 1900-1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 711. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
107. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 183. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
108. Encyclopedia: Cohen. Alan . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Franz Roh. 2006. Routledge. 1352.
109. Encyclopedia: Barden. Lane . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Wiener aktionismus. 2006. Routledge. 1687.
110. Encyclopedia: Levinson. Jerrold. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Version 1.0. Erotic art. 1998. Routledge.
111. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 541. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
112. Encyclopedia: Francisco. Jason . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. War Photography. 2006. Routledge. 1640.
113. Encyclopedia: Ridley. Aaron . Donald M. . Borchert. Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Wilde, Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills . 2nd. 2006. Thomson Gale. 9. 763.
114. Encyclopedia: Fuller. John . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Frederick Henry Evans. 2006. Routledge. 462.
115. Encyclopedia: Athanassopoulos . Vangelis . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. History Of Photography: The 1980s . 2006. Routledge. 747 .
116. Encyclopedia: Hay . Katia D.. Edward N.. Zalta . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. August Wilhelm von Schlegel. Spring 2010.
117. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 544. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
118. Encyclopedia: Denny. Margaret . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Florence Henri. 2006. Routledge. 691.
119. Encyclopedia: . J. Gordon. Melton. Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology. Sharp, William. 2001. 2. Gale Group. 1395.
120. Encyclopedia: Hausmann . Brigitte . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Body Art. 2006. Routledge. 144.
121. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 274–275. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
122. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 863. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
123. Encyclopedia: Wheeler . Sarah B. . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Abigail Solomon-Godeau. 2006. Routledge. 1462.
124. Encyclopedia: Gagnon . Monika Kin . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Barbara Kruger . 2006. Routledge. 894.
125. Encyclopedia: Golden . Renata . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Robert Rauschenberg. 2006. Routledge. 1321.
126. Encyclopedia: Whiting . Elizabeth K. . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Louis Stettner. 2006. Routledge. 1493.
127. Encyclopedia: Duganne . Erina . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. John Szarkowski. 2006. Routledge. 1525.
128. Web site: Catherine Taft. September 16, 2014. Aspect.
129. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 363–364. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
130. Encyclopedia: Alexander. Stuart . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. The Decisive Moment. 2006. Routledge. 374.
131. Encyclopedia: Breslin . Nancy A. . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Deborah Turbeville. 2006. Routledge. 1560.
132. Encyclopedia: Shapiro . Carla Rose . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Charles Traub. 2006. Routledge. 1554.
133. Encyclopedia: Shantz . Jeffrey . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Arkadii Shaikhet. 2006. Routledge. 1414.
134. Encyclopedia: Elkins. James. Jane Turner. Grove Dictionary of Art. Art Criticism. Oxford University Press. 1996.
135. Encyclopedia: Keith. Rachel . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Magnum Photos. 2006. Routledge. 996.
136. Book: Cumming, Robert. Eyewitness Companions: Art. 2005. Penguin. 346.
137. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 445. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
138. Encyclopedia: Pittas-Giroux. Justin . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Carl Van Vechten. 2006. Routledge. 1605.
139. Encyclopedia: Ruelfs . Esther . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Herbert List. 2006. Routledge. 964.
140. Encyclopedia: Patrick. Martin . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Paul Virilio. 2006. Routledge. 1618.
141. Encyclopedia: Kloehn . Peter . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. History Of Photography: Nineteenth-Century Foundations. 2006. Routledge. 705.
142. Encyclopedia: Headley. Jennifer . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Deborah Willis-Kennedy. 2006. Routledge. 1689.
143. Encyclopedia: Rudnicki. Mark . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (Witkacy). 2006. Routledge. 1695.
144. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 15. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.
145. Encyclopedia: Yang . Shin-Yi . Lynne . Warren. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Photography In China And Taiwan. 2006. Routledge. 278.
146. Book: Art in Theory: 1900–1990. limited. 1999. Blackwell. 210. Paul Wood and Charles Harrison.