List of ant genera explained

Ants (family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera) are the most species-rich of all social insects, with more than 12,000 described species and many others awaiting description. Formicidae is divided into 21 subfamilies, of which 17 are extant and four subfamilies are extinct, described from fossils. In total more than 300 genera have been described. Ants have come to occupy virtually all major terrestrial habitats, with the exception of tundra and cold ever-wet forests. They display a wide range of social behaviors, foraging habits and associations with other organisms, which has generated scientific and public interest.

The following is a list of worldwide ant genera organised by subfamily.

Key

Genus name	The scientific name of the genus.
Binomial authority	The binomial authority—the person who first described the species using an available scientific name.
Classified	The year the genus was formally described and classified.
No. of species	The number of species, both extant and extinct, that are members of the genus.
Type species	The type species that was designated by the original author, unless noted otherwise. Extinct taxa are indicated by a †.
Example image	An image (if available) of a species who is a member of the genus.
References	Most citations provided are the first publications that describe the genus; additional citations are added if the original source does not contain all provided information.

Subfamilies

Agroecomyrmecinae

The subfamily Agroecomyrmecinae represents two extinct genera and two fossil genera, once widespread in both hemispheres during the early Tertiary.^[1] The subfamily was originally classified as Agroecomyrmecini, a Myrmicinae tribe until English myrmecologist Barry Bolton raised the tribe to subfamily status in 2003.^[2] Most specimens collected are from Central America and Mexico, although one type specimen of an Agroecomyrmecinae species was collected from Ghana.^[3]

Agroecomyrmecinae Carpenter, 1930
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
	Wheeler	1910	1			^[4] ^[5]
Ankylomyrma	Bolton	1973	1	Ankylomyrma coronacantha		^[6]
	Carpenter	1935	2			^[7]
Tatuidris	Brown & Kempf	1968	1	Tatuidris tatusia

Amblyoponinae

The subfamily Amblyoponinae represents nine extant genera and one fossil genus. Established by Swiss myrmecologist Auguste Forel in 1893, these ants are specialist predators, distributed worldwide in the tropics.^{[8] [9]}

Subfamily Amblyoponinae Forel, 1893 – 10 genera, 146 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
Adetomyrma	Ward	1994	9	Adetomyrma venatrix	Adetomyrma venatrix	^[10]
Amblyopone	Erichson	1842	10	Amblyopone australis	Amblyopone australis
	Pagliano & Scaramozzino	1990	4		†Casaleia eocenica	^[11]
Fulakora	Mann	1919	25	Stigmatomma celata	Fulakora celata	^[12] ^[13]
Myopopone	Roger	1861	2	Myopopone maculata	Myopopone castanea	^[14]
Mystrium	Roger	1862	14	Mystrium mysticum	Mystrium mysticum	^[15]
Onychomyrmex	Emery	1895	4	Onychomyrmex hedleyi	Onychomyrmex hedleyi	^[16]
Prionopelta	Mayr	1866	22	Prionopelta punctulata	Prionopelta punctulata	^[17]
Stigmatomma	Roger	1859	54	Stigmatomma denticulatum	Stigmatomma denticulatum	^[18]
Xymmer	Santschi	1914	1	Stigmatomma muticum	Xymmer muticus	^[19]

Aneuretinae

The subfamily Aneuretinae represents one extant genus and eight fossil genera established by Italian entomologist Carlo Emery in 1913. Only a single species of this subfamily is extant, the Sri Lankan relict ant (Aneuretus simoni), endemic to Sri Lanka.^[20]

Subfamily Aneuretinae Emery, 1913 – nine genera, 12 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
	Dlussky	1988	1			^[21]
Aneuretus	Emery	1893	1	Aneuretus simoni	Aneuretus simoni	^[22]
	Dlussky & Perfilieva	2014	1			^[23]
	Dlussky	1996	1		†Burmomyrma rossi	^[24]
	Engel & Grimaldi	2005	1			^[25]
	Carpenter	1930	2		†Mianeuretus mirabilis
	Wheeler	1915	3		†Paraneuretus tornquisti
	Wheeler	1915	1		†Pityomyrmex tornquisti
	Wheeler	1915	1		†Protaneuretus succineus

Apomyrminae

The subfamily Apomyrminae contains the single genus Apomyrma which only has one species, the rare subterranean ant Apomyrma stygia from West Africa. Several undescribed species are known to exist, all from tropical Africa.^[26]

Brownimeciinae

The subfamily Brownimeciinae contains the single genus Brownimecia which only has one species, Brownimecia clavata. It was described in 1997 after a fossilised specimen was collected from Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and was initially placed in the subfamily Ponerinae. The species was later classified into its own subfamily in 2003 by Barry Bolton.

Dolichoderinae

The subfamily Dolichoderinae was established by Forel in 1878, which represents 28 extant genera and 20 fossil genera. The subfamily presents a great diversity of species throughout the world, mainly in the tropics. Most species are generalised scavengers, but some are predacious.^[28]

Subfamily Dolichoderinae Forel, 1878 – 48 genera, 843 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
	Zhang	1989	2			^[29]
Anillidris	Santschi	1936	1	Anillidris bruchi	Anillidris bruchi	^[30]
Anonychomyrma	Donisthorpe	1947	26	Anonychomyrma myrmex	Anonychomyrma gilberti	^[31]
Aptinoma	Fisher	2009	2	Aptinoma mangabe	Aptinoma mangabe	^[32]
Arnoldius	Dubovikoff	2005	3	Bothriomyrmex flavus	Arnoldius flavus	^[33]
	Wheeler	1915	1		†Asymphylomyrmex balticus
Axinidris	Weber	1941	21	Axinidris acholli	Axinidris acholli	^[34]
Azteca	Forel	1878	86	Liometopum xanthochroum	Azteca xanthochroum	^[35]
Bothriomyrmex	Emery	1869	24	Bothriomyrmex costae	Bothriomyrmex costae	^[36]
	McKellar, Glasier & Engel	2013	1		†Chronomyrmex medicinehatensis	^[37]
Chronoxenus	Santschi	1919	6	Bothriomyrmex myops	Chronoxenus myops	^[38]
	Brues	1939	1		†Ctenobethylus goepperti	^[39]
Doleromyrma	Forel	1907	2	Tapinoma darwinianum	Doleromyrma darwiniana	^[40]
Dolichoderus	Lund	1831	181	Formica attelaboides	Dolichoderus attelaboides
Dorymyrmex	Mayr	1866	60	Dorymyrmex flavescens	Dorymyrmex flavescens
Ecphorella	Forel	1909	1	Tapinoma wellmani	Ecphorella wellmani	^[41]
	Carpenter	1930	2		†Elaeomyrmex gracilis
	Zhang	1989	2
	Heterick & Shattuck	2011	1		†Eldermyrmex oblongiceps	^[42]
	Donisthorpe	1920	12		†Emplastus britannicus	^[43]
	Dlussky	1988	3
	Zhang, Sun & Zhang	1994	1			^[44]
Forelius	Emery	1888	18	Iridomyrmex mccooki	Forelius mccooki	^[45]
Froggattella	Forel	1902	2		Froggattella kirbii
Gracilidris	Wild & Cuezzo	2006	2	Gracilidris pombero	Gracilidris pombero	^[46]
Iridomyrmex	Mayr	1862	84	Formica detecta	Iridomyrmex purpureus
	Dlussky	1981	1			^[47]
	Lapolla & Greenwalt	2015	1		†Ktunaxia jucunda	^[48]
Leptomyrmex	Mayr	1862	29	Formica erythrocephala	Leptomyrmex erythrocephalus
	Emery	1913	1		†Leptomyrmula maravignae	^[49]
Linepithema	Mayr	1866	20	Linepithema fuscum	Linepithema fuscum
Liometopum	Mayr	1861	28	Liometopum microcephalum	Liometopum microcephalum
Loweriella	Shattuck	1992	1	Loweriella boltoni	Loweriella boltoni	^[50]
	Carpenter	1930	2		†Miomyrmex impactus
Nebothriomyrmex	Dubovikov	2004	1	Nebothriomyrmex majeri	Nebothriomyrmex majeri	^[51]
Ochetellus	Shattuck	1992	7	Ochetellus glaber	Ochetellus glaber	^[52]
Papyrius	Shattuck	1992	2	Papyrius nitidus	Papyrius nitidus
	Carpenter	1930	1		†Petraeomyrmex minimus
Philidris	Shattuck	1992	9	Philidris cordata	Philidris cordata
	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	2003	2		†Proiridomyrmex rotundatus
	Carpenter	1930	5		†Protazteca elongata
Ravavy	Fisher	2009	1	Ravavy miafina	Ravavy miafina
Tapinoma	Förster	1850	74	Tapinoma erraticum	Tapinoma erraticum	^[53]
Technomyrmex	Mayr	1872	97	Technomyrmex strenuus	Technomyrmex strenuus	^[54]
Turneria	Forel	1895	8	Turneria bidentata	Turneria bidentata	^[55]
	Dlussky et al.	2014	1		†Usomyrma mirabilis	^[56]
	Dlussky & Dubovikoff	2013	5		†Yantaromyrmex geinitzi	^[57]
	Dlussky	1988	2		†Zherichinius horribilis

Dorylinae

The subfamily Dorylinae was established by Leach in 1815, which represents 27 extant genera and one fossil genus. Many species of ant in this subfamily are known as army ants that are distributed in the Old World and New World.^{[58] [59]}

Subfamily Dorylinae Leach, 1815 – 28 genera, 693 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
Acanthostichus	Mayr	1887	24	Acanthostichus serratulus	Acanthostichus serratulus
Aenictogiton	Emery	1901	7	Aenictogiton fossiceps	Aenictogiton fossiceps	^[60]
Aenictus	Shuckard	1840	184	Aenictus ambiguus	Aenictus ambiguus	^[61]
Cerapachys	Smith	1857	5	Cerapachys antennatus	Cerapachys antennatus	^[62]
Cheliomyrmex	Mayr	1870	4	Cheliomyrmex morosus	Cheliomyrmex morosus	^[63]
Chrysapace	Crawley	1924	3	Chrysapace jacobsonii	Chrysapace jacobsonii	^[64]
Cylindromyrmex	Mayr	1870	13	Cylindromyrmex striatus	Cylindromyrmex striatus
Dorylus	Fabricius	1793	60	Dorylus helvolus	Dorylus helvolus	^[65]
Eburopone	Borowiec	2016	1	Cerapachys wroughtoni	Eburopone wroughtoni
Eciton	Latreille	1804	12	Eciton hamatum	Eciton hamatum	^[66]
Eusphinctus	Emery	1893	2	Eusphinctus furcatus	Eusphinctus furcatus
Labidus	Jurine	1807	7	Labidus coecus	Labidus coecus	^[67]
Leptanilloides	Mann	1923	19	Leptanilloides biconstricta	Leptanilloides biconstricta	^[68]
Lioponera	Mayr	1879	73	Lioponera longitarsus	Lioponera longitarsus	^[69]
Lividopone	Bolton & Fisher	2016	1	Cerapachys lividus	Lividopone livida	^[70]
Neivamyrmex	Borgmeier	1940	128	Neivamyrmex nigrescens	Neivamyrmex nigrescens	^[71]
Neocerapachys	Borowiec	2016	2	Cerapachys neotropicus	Neocerapachys neotropicus
Nomamyrmex	Borgmeier	1936	2	Nomamyrmex esenbeckii	Nomamyrmex esenbeckii	^[72]
Ooceraea	Roger	1862	11	Ooceraea fragosa	Ooceraea fragosa
Parasyscia	Emery, in André	1882	50	Parasyscia piochardi	Parasyscia piochardi	^[73]
	Wheeler	1915	3		†Procerapachys annosus
Simopone	Forel	1891	39	Simopone grandidieri	Simopone grandidieri	^[74]
Sphinctomyrmex	Mayr	1866	3	Sphinctomyrmex stali	Sphinctomyrmex stali	^[75]
Syscia	Roger	1861	5	Syscia typhla	Syscia typhla
Tanipone	Bolton & Fisher	2012	10	Tanipone hirsuta	Tanipone hirsuta	^[76]
Vicinopone	Bolton & Fisher	2012	1	Vicinopone conciliatrix	Vicinopone conciliatrix
Yunodorylus	Xu	2000	4	Yunodorylus sexspinus	Yunodorylus sexspinus	^[77]
Zasphinctus	Wheeler	1918	20	Sphinctomyrmex turneri	Zasphinctus turneri	^[78]

Ectatomminae

The subfamily Ectatomminae represents four extant genera and three fossil genera, established in 1895 by Carlo Emery. They are distributed in tropical and warm climates in the New World and Old World, as well as the Indo-Australian regions.

Subfamily Ectatomminae Emery, 1895 – seven genera, 278 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
	Dlussky	1999	1			^[79]
Ectatomma	Smith	1858	16	Ectatomma tuberculatum	Ectatomma tuberculatum	^[80]
	Wheeler	1915	1		†Electroponera dubia
Gnamptogenys	Roger	1863	143	Gnamptogenys sulcata	Gnamptogenys sulcata	^[81]
	Dlussky & Wedman	2012	2		†Pseudectatomma eocenica	^[82]
Rhytidoponera	Mayr	1862	108	Rhytidoponera araneoides	Rhytidoponera araneoides
Typhlomyrmex	Mayr	1862	7	Scyphodon anomalum	Scyphodon anomalum

Formiciinae

The subfamily Formiciinae represents one extinct genus of ants dating back to the Eocene. Ants of the genus Titanomyrma are the largest ants ever known, with queen specimens the size of small hummingbirds. Fossils have been collected from the state of Wyoming and in Germany.^[83]

Subfamily †Formiciinae Lutz, 1986 – one, six species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
	Westwood	1854	3	None		^[84]
	Archibald, Johnson, Mathewes & Greenwood	2011	3		†Titanomyrma gigantea	^[85]

Formicinae

The subfamily Formicinae represents 51 extant genera and 30 fossil genera that are globally distributed. Established by French zoologist Pierre André Latreille in 1809, the subfamily has more than 3,000 described species, placing it as the second largest ant subfamily. Despite this, the hyperdiverse genus Camponotus is the most diverse group of ants in the world, with more than 1,100 species described.

Subfamily Formicinae Latreille, 1809 – 82 genera, 3,243 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
Acropyga	Roger	1862	41	Acropyga acutiventris	Acropyga acutiventris
Agraulomyrmex	Prins	1983	2	Agraulomyrmex meridionalis	Agraulomyrmex meridionalis	^[86]
Alloformica	Dlussky	1969	4	Alloformica aberrans	Alloformica aberrans	^[87]
Anoplolepis	Santschi	1914	9	Anoplolepis gracilipes	Anoplolepis gracilipes	^[88]
Aphomomyrmex	Emery	1899	1	Aphomomyrmex afer	Aphomomyrmex afer	^[89]
	Heer	1850	1		Attopsis longipennis
Bajcaridris	Agosti	1994	3	Bajcaridris theryi	Bajcaridris theryi	^[90]
Brachymyrmex	Mayr	1868	44	Brachymyrmex patagonicus	Brachymyrmex patagonicus
Bregmatomyrma	Wheeler	1929	1	Bregmatomyrma carnosa	Bregmatomyrma carnosa	^[91]
Calomyrmex	Emery	1895	9	Calomyrmex laevissimus	Calomyrmex laevissimus	^[92]
	Steinbach	1967	5		†Camponotites silvestris	^[93]
Camponotus	Mayr	1861	1131	Camponotus ligniperda	Camponotus ligniperda
Cataglyphis	Förster	1850	91	Cataglyphis bicolor	Cataglyphis bicolor	^[94]
	Dlussky	2008	2		†Cataglyphoides constrictus	^[95]
	Dlussky	1988	1
Cladomyrma	Wheeler	1920	13	Cladomyrma hewitti	Cladomyrma hewitti
	Dlussky	2008	1
	Hong	2002	1
Dinomyrmex	Ashmead	1905	1	Formica gigas		^[96]
	Wheeler	1915	2		†Drymomyrmex fuscipennis
Echinopla	Smith	1857	33	Echinopla melanarctos	Echinopla melanarctos	^[97]
	Hong	2002	2
Euprenolepis	Emery	1906	8	Euprenolepis procera	Euprenolepis procera	^[98]
	Hong	2002	1
Formica	Linnaeus	1758	234	Formica rufa	Formica rufa	^[99]
	Hong	2002	1
Gesomyrmex	Mayr	1868	17		†Gesomyrmex hoernesi
Gigantiops	Roger	1863	1	Gigantiops destructor	Gigantiops destructor	^[100]
	Wheeler	1915	1		†Glaphyromyrmex oligocenicus
	Dlussky & Putyatina	2014	1			^[101]
	Hong	2002	1
Iberoformica	Tinaut	1990	2	Iberoformica subrufa	Iberoformica subrufa	^[102]
	Heer	1850	2			^[103]
	Grimaldi & Agosti	2000	1		†Kyromyrma neffi	^[104]
Lasiophanes	Emery	1895	6	Lasiophanes atriventris	Lasiophanes atriventris	^[105]
Lasius	Fabricius	1804	134		†Formica nigra
Lepisiota	Santschi	1926	81	Lepisiota rothneyi	Lepisiota rothneyi	^[106]
	Hong	2002	1
	Donisthorpe	1920	2		†Leucotaphus gurnetensiss
	Hong	2002	1
	Hong	2002	2
	Hong	2002	1
Melophorus	Lubbock	1883	23	Melophorus bagoti	Melophorus bagoti	^[107]
Myrmecocystus	Wesmael	1838	29	Myrmecocystus mexicanus	Myrmecocystus mexicanus	^[108]
Myrmecorhynchus	André	1896	3	Myrmecorhynchus emeryi	Myrmecorhynchus emeryi	^[109]
Myrmelachista	Roger	1863	56	Myrmelachista kraatzii	Myrmelachista kraatzii
Myrmoteras	Forel	1893	41	Myrmoteras binghamii	Myrmoteras binghamii	^[110]
Notoncus	Emery	1895	6	Notoncus ectatommoide	Notoncus ectatommoide
Notostigma	Emery	1920	2	Notostigma carazzii	Notostigma carazzii	^[111]
Nylanderia	Emery	1906	110	Nylanderia vividula	Nylanderia vividula
Oecophylla	Smith	1860	15	Oecophylla smaragdina	Oecophylla smaragdina	^[112]
Opisthopsis	Dalla Torre	1893	13	Myrmecopsis respiciens	Opisthopsis respiciens
	Hong	2002	1
	Hong	2002	1
	Hong	2002	1
Overbeckia	Viehmeyer	1916	1	Overbeckia subclavata	Overbeckia subclavata	^[113]
Paraparatrechina	Donisthorpe	1947	36	Paratrechina pallida	Paraparatrechina pallida	^[114]
Paratrechina	Motschoulsky	1863	5	Paratrechina currens	Paratrechina longicornis	^[115]
Petalomyrmex	Snelling	1979	1	Petalomyrmex phylax	Petalomyrmex phylax	^[116]
Plagiolepis	Mayr	1861	72	Formica pygmaea	Plagiolepis pygmaea
Polyergus	Latreille	1804	14	Formica rufescens	Polyergus rufescens
Polyrhachis	Smith	1857	698	Formica bihamata	Polyrhachis bihamata
Prenolepis	Mayr	1861	17	Tapinoma nitens	Prenolepis nitens
	Wheeler	1915	1		†Prodimorphomyrmex primigenius
Proformica	Ruzsky	1902	25	Formica nasuta	Proformica nasuta	^[117]
Prolasius	Forel	1892	19	Formica advena	Prolasius advena	^[118]
†Protoformica	Dlussky	1967	1			^[119]
	Wilson	1985	1		150px †Protrechina carpenteri
	Carpenter	1930	1		†Pseudocamponotus elkoanus
Pseudolasius	Emery	1887	50	Formica familiaris	Pseudolasius familiaris
Pseudonotoncus	Clark	1934	2	Pseudonotoncus hirsutus	Pseudonotoncus hirsutus	^[120]
Rossomyrmex	Arnol'di	1928	4	Rossomyrmex proformicarum	Rossomyrmex proformicarum	^[121]
Santschiella	Forel	1916	1	Santschiella kohli	Santschiella kohli	^[122]
	Wheeler	1915	1		†Sicilomyrmex corniger
	Hong	2002	1
	Hong	2002	1
Stigmacros	Forel	1905	49	Acantholepis froggatti	Stigmacros froggatti	^[123]
Tapinolepis	Emery	1925	14	Plagiolepis tumidula	Tapinolepis tumidula	^[124]
Teratomyrmex	McAreavey	1957	3	Teratomyrmex greavesi	Teratomyrmex greavesi	^[125]
	Hong	2002	2
Zatania	LaPolla, Kallal & Brady	2012	6	Paratrechina cisipa	Zatania albimaculata	^[126]

Haidomyrmecinae

The subfamily Haidomyrmecinae contains 9 fossil genera of specialized ants described from Cretaceous ambers. The Subfamily was previously treated as the tribe Haidomyrmecini and placed within Sphecomyrminae. The tribe was elevated to a subfamily in 2020.^[127]

Haidomyrmecinae Bolton, 2003
Genus name	Genus authority	Described	No. of species	Type species	Image
	Perrichot et al.	2020	1
	Perrichot, Wang & Engel	2016	1			^[128]
	Perrichot et al.	2020	1
	Perrichot et al.	2020	1
	Dlussky	1996	3
	Perrichot et al.	2008	1			^[129]
	McKellar, Glasier & Engel	2013	1			^[130]
	Barden & Grimaldi	2017	3
	Perrichot et al.	2020	1

Heteroponerinae

The subfamily Heteroponerinae represents three extant genera of ants, established in 2003 when Barry Bolton divided the subfamily Ponerinae into six subfamilies.^[131] These ants are known from the Neotropics of Central America and South America while Aulacopone relicta is from Azerbaijan.

Subfamily Heteroponerinae Bolton, 2003 – three genera, 33 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
Acanthoponera	Mayr	1862	4	Acanthoponera mucronata	Acanthoponera mucronata	^[132]
Aulacopone	Arnol'di	1930	1	Aulacopone relicta	Aulacopone relicta	^[133]
Heteroponera	Mayr	1887	28	Heteroponera carinifrons	Heteroponera carinifrons	^[134]

Leptanillinae

The subfamily Leptanillinae represents nine extant genera of ants, established in 1910 by Carlo Emery. They are subterranean ants from Africa, Europe and a single species known from Australia. Studies about their biology is minimal.^{[135] [136]}

Subfamily Leptanillinae Emery, 1910 – nine genera, 64 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
Anomalomyrma	Bolton	1990	3	Anomalomyrma taylori	Anomalomyrma taylori	^[137]
Furcotanilla	Xu	2012	1	Furcotanilla furcomandibula		^[138]
Leptanilla	Emery	1870	45	Leptanilla revelierii	Leptanilla revelierii	^[139]
Noonilla	Petersen	1968	1	Noonilla copiosa	Noonilla copiosa	^[140]
Opamyrma	Yamane, Bui & Eguchi	2008	1	Opamyrma hungvuong	Opamyrma hungvuong	^[141]
Phaulomyrma	Wheeler & Wheeler	1930	1	Phaulomyrma javana	Phaulomyrma javana	^[142]
Protanilla	Taylor	1990	9	Protanilla rafflesi	Protanilla rafflesi
Scyphodon	Brues	1925	1	Scyphodon anomalum	Scyphodon anomalum	^[143]
Yavnella	Kugler	1987	2	Yavnella argamani	Yavnella argamani	^[144]

Martialinae

The subfamily Martialinae contains the single genus Martialis which only has one species, Martialis heureka. The ant was discovered in 2000 Amazon rainforest near Manaus, Brazil. Described in 2008, the ant belongs to the oldest known distinct lineage to have diverged from the ancestors of all other ants.

Myrmeciinae

The subfamily Myrmeciinae represents two extant genera and five fossil genera that were once found worldwide. Established by Carlo Emery in 1877, the extant genera are restricted to Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand.^[146] The notorious ant genus Myrmecia is known for their venomous stings and aggression, which has caused several human deaths in sensitive people.

Subfamily Myrmeciinae Emery, 1877 – seven genera, 111 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
	Cockerell	1923	4		†Archimyrmex rostratus	^[147]
	Archibald, Cover & Moreau	2006	3			^[148]
	Archibald, Cover & Moreau	2006	1		†Macabeemyrma ovata
Myrmecia	Fabricius	1804	95	Myrmecia gulosa	Myrmecia gulosa	^[149] ^[150]
	Archibald, Cover & Moreau	2006	0	None	†Myrmeciites "incertae sedis"
Nothomyrmecia	Clark	1934	1	Nothomyrmecia macrops	Nothomyrmecia macrops	^[151]
	Mayr	1868	3		†Prionomyrmex longiceps
	Archibald, Cover & Moreau	2006	4		†Ypresiomyrma orbiculata

Myrmicinae

The subfamily Myrmicinae was established by Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau in 1835. It represents 142 extant genera and 36 fossil genera that are distributed globally. It is the largest subfamily of the Formicidae, with more than 6,758 species described. The seed-harvesting ants and fungus-growing ants are well known among the Myrmicines.^[131]

Subfamily Myrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 – 178 genera, 6,758 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
Acanthognathus	Mayr	1887	8	Acanthognathus ocellatus	Acanthognathus ocellatus
Acanthomyrmex	Emery	1893	17	Acanthomyrmex luciolae	Acanthomyrmex concavus
Acromyrmex	Mayr	1865	32	Formica hystrix	Acromyrmex balzani	^[152]
Adelomyrmex	Emery	1897	30	Adelomyrmex biroi	Adelomyrmex biroi
Adlerzia	Forel	1902	1	Monomorium froggatti	Adlerzia froggatti
	Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn	2004	1
	Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva	2015	1			^[153]
Allomerus	Mayr	1878	8	Allomerus decemarticulatus	Allomerus decemarticulatus	^[154]
Ancyridris	Wheeler	1935	2	Ancyridris polyrhachioides	Ancyridris polyrhachioides	^[155]
Anillomyrma	Emery	1913	2	Monomorium decamerum	Anillomyrma decamera	^[156]
Aphaenogaster	Mayr	1853	204	Aphaenogaster sardoa	Aphaenogaster swammerdami	^[157]
Apterostigma	Mayr	1865	47	Apterostigma pilosum	Apterostigma pilosum
Aretidris	General	2015	2	Aretidris buenaventei	Aretidris buenaventei	^[158]
Atopomyrmex	André	1889	3	Atopomyrmex mocquerysi	Atopomyrmex mocquerysi	^[159]
Atta	Fabricius	1804	17	Formica cephalotes	Atta cephalotes
	Laza	1982	1	None		^[160]
Austromorium	Shattuck	2009	2	Xiphomyrmex flavigaster	Austromorium flavigaster	^[161]
Baracidris	Bolton	1981	3	Baracidris meketra	Baracidris sitra	^[162]
Bariamyrma	Lattke	1990	1	Bariamyrma hispidula	Bariamyrma hispidula	^[163]
Basiceros	Schulz	1906	8	Meranoplus singularis	Basiceros manni	^[164]
	Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva	2015	3
	Radchenko & Dlussky	2013	2			^[165]
Blepharidatta	Wheeler	1915	4	Blepharidatta brasiliensis	Blepharidatta brasiliensis	^[166]
	Radchenko & Dlussky	2012	1			^[167]
Bondroitia	Forel	1911	2	Monomorium coecum	Bondroitia lujae	^[168]
	Hong	2002	1			^[169]
Calyptomyrmex	Emery	1887	37	Calyptomyrmex beccarii	Calyptomyrmex beccarii
Cardiocondyla	Emery	1869	70	Cardiocondyla elegans	Cardiocondyla wroughtonii	^[170]
Carebara	Westwood	1840	212	Carebara lignata	Carebara longii	^[171]
Cataulacus	Smith	1853	68	Cataulacus taprobanae	Cataulacus oberthueri
	Carpenter	1930	1		†Cephalomyrmex rotundatus
Cephalotes	Latreille	1802	135	Formica atrata	Cephalotes atratus	^[172]
Chimaeridris	Wilson	1989	2	Chimaeridris boltoni	Chimaeridris boltoni	^[173]
	Hong	2002	1
Colobostruma	Wheeler	1927	16	Epopostruma leae	Colobostruma foliacea	^[174]
Crematogaster	Lund	1831	496	Formica scutellaris	Crematogaster scutellaris	^[175]
Cryptomyrmex	Fernández	2004	2	Adelomyrmex longinodus	Cryptomyrmex longinodus	^[176]
Cyatta	Sosa-Calvo et al.	2013	1	Cyatta abscondita	Cyatta abscondita	^[177]
Cyphoidris	Weber	1952	4	Cyphoidris spinosa	Cyphoidris spinosa	^[178]
Cyphomyrmex	Mayr	1862	41	Cyphomyrmex minutus	Cyphomyrmex minutus
Dacatria	Rigato	1994	1	Dacatria templaris	Dacatria templaris	^[179]
Dacetinops	Brown & Wilson	1957	7	Dacetinops cibdelus	Dacetinops cibdelus	^[180]
Daceton	Perty	1833	2	Formica armigera	Daceton armigerum	^[181]
Diaphoromyrma	Fernández, Delabie & Nascimento	2009	1	Diaphoromyrma sofiae	Diaphoromyrma sofiae	^[182]
Dicroaspis	Emery	1908	2	Dicroaspis cryptocera	Dicroaspis cryptocera	^[183]
Dilobocondyla	Santschi	1910	19	Atopomyrmex selebensis	Dilobocondyla fouqueti	^[184]
Diplomorium	Mayr	1901	1	Diplomorium longipenne	Diplomorium longipenne	^[185]
Dolopomyrmex	Cover & Deyrup	2007	1	Dolopomyrmex pilatus	Dolopomyrmex pilatus	^[186]
	Wheeler	1910	1		†Electromyrmex klebsi	^[187]
	Mayr	1868	1		†Enneamerus reticulatus
	Wilson	1985	1		†Eocenidris crassa	^[188]
	Dlussky & Radchenko	2006	4		†Eocenomyrma orthospina	^[189]
	Hong	1974	1			^[190]
Epelysidris	Bolton	1987	1	Epelysidris brocha	Epelysidris brocha	^[191]
Epopostruma	Forel	1895	19	Strumigenys quadrispinosa	Epopostruma natalae
Eurhopalothrix	Brown & Kempf	1961	53	Rhopalothrix bolaui	Eurhopalothrix bolaui	^[192]
Eutetramorium	Emery	1899	3	Eutetramorium mocquerysi	Eutetramorium mocquerysi	^[193]
	Dlussky & Radchenko	2006	1			^[194]
Formicoxenus	Mayr	1855	7	Myrmica nitidula	Formicoxenus nitidulus
Formosimyrma	Terayama	2009	1	Formosimyrma lanuyensis	Formosimyrma lanuyensis	^[195]
	Hong	2002	1
Gaoligongidris	Xu	2012	1	Gaoligongidris planodorsa		^[196]
Gauromyrmex	Menozzi	1933	2	Gauromyrmex bengakalisi	Gauromyrmex bengakalisi	^[197]
Goniomma	Emery	1895	8	Aphaenogaster blanci	Goniomma collingwoodi	^[198]
Harpagoxenus	Forel	1893	3	Myrmica sublaevis	Harpagoxenus sublaevis	^[199]
Huberia	Forel	1890	2	Tetramorium striatum	Huberia striata	^[200]
Hylomyrma	Forel	1912	13	Pogonomyrmex columbicus	Hylomyrma balzani	^[201]
	Emery	1891	1		†Hypopomyrmex bombiccii	^[202]
	Wilson	1985	1		†Ilemomyrmex caecus	^[203]
Indomyrma	Brown	1986	2	Indomyrma dasypyx	Indomyrma dasypyx	^[204]
Ishakidris	Bolton	1984	1	Ishakidris ascitaspis	Ishakidris ascitaspis	^[205]
Kalathomyrmex	Klingenberg & Brandão	2009	1	Myrmicocrypta emeryi	Kalathomyrmex emeryi	^[206]
Kartidris	Bolton	1991	6	Kartidris nyos	Kartidris nyos
Kempfidris	Fernández, Feitosa & Lattke	2014	1	Monomorium inusuale	Kempfidris inusualis	^[207]
Lachnomyrmex	Wheeler	1910	16	Lachnomyrmex scrobiculatus	Lachnomyrmex scrobiculatus
Lasiomyrma	Terayama & Yamane	2000	4	Lasiomyrma gedensis	Lasiomyrma gedensis	^[208]
Lenomyrmex	Fernández & Palacio	1999	6	Lenomyrmex mandibularis	Lenomyrmex colwelli	^[209]
Leptothorax	Mayr	1855	19	Formica acervorum	Leptothorax acervorum
Liomyrmex	Mayr	1865	1	Myrmica caeca	Liomyrmex gestroi
	Mayr	1867	2			^[210]
Lophomyrmex	Emery	1892	13	Oecodoma quadrispinosa	Lophomyrmex longicornis	^[211]
Lordomyrma	Emery	1897	34	Lordomyrma furcifera	Lordomyrma furcifera	^[212]
Malagidris	Bolton & Fisher	2014	6	Aphaenogaster belti	Malagidris belti	^[213]
Manica	Jurine	1807	6	Formica rubida	Manica rubida
Mayriella	Forel	1902	9	Mayriella abstinens	Mayriella abstinens	^[214]
Megalomyrmex	Forel	1885	44	Megalomyrmex leoninus	Megalomyrmex leoninus	^[215]
Melissotarsus	Emery	1877	4	Melissotarsus beccarii	Melissotarsus beccarii	^[216]
Meranoplus	Smith	1853	90	Cryptocerus bicolor	Meranoplus bicolor	^[217]
Mesostruma	Brown	1948	9	Strumigenys turneri	Mesostruma turneri	^[218]
Messor	Forel	1890	110	Formica barbara	Messor barbarus	^[219]
Metapone	Forel	1911	18	Metapone greeni	Metapone emersoni	^[220]
Microdaceton	Santschi	1913	4	Microdaceton exornatum	Microdaceton exornatum	^[221]
	Zhang	1989	1
Monomorium	Mayr	1855	372	Monomorium monomorium	Monomorium pharaonis	^[222]
Mycetagroicus	Brandão & Mayhé-Nunes	2001	4	Mycetagroicus cerradensis	Mycetagroicus cerradensis	^[223]
Mycetarotes	Emery	1913	4	Cyphomyrmex parallelus	Mycetarotes parallelus
Mycetophylax	Emery	1913	3	Myrmicocrypta brittoni	Mycetophylax conformis
Mycetosoritis	Wheeler	1907	5	Atta hartmanni	Mycetosoritis hartmanni	^[224]
Mycocepurus	Forel	1893	6	Atta smithii	Mycocepurus smithii	^[225]
Myrmecina	Curtis	1829	51	Myrmecina latreillii	Myrmecina graminicola	^[226]
	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	2003	6
Myrmica	Latreille	1804	211	Formica rubra	Myrmica rubra
Myrmicaria	Saunders	1842	32	Myrmicaria brunnea	Myrmicaria brunnea	^[227]
Myrmicocrypta	Smith	1860	27	Myrmicocrypta squamosa	Myrmicocrypta squamosa	^[228]
Myrmisaraka	Bolton & Fisher	2014	2	Myrmisaraka producta	Myrmisaraka producta
Nesomyrmex	Wheeler	1910	57	Nesomyrmex clavipilis	Nesomyrmex angulatus
Novomessor	Emery	1915	3	Aphaenogaster cockerelli	Novomessor cockerelli	^[229]
Ochetomyrmex	Mayr	1878	2	Ochetomyrmex semipolitus	Ochetomyrmex semipolitus
Octostruma	Forel	1912	34	Rhopalothrix simoni	Octostruma iheringi	^[230]
Ocymyrmex	Emery	1886	37	Ocymyrmex barbiger	Ocymyrmex dekerus	^[231]
	Hong	2002	1
Orectognathus	Smith	1853	29	Orectognathus antennatus	Orectognathus antennatus
Oxyepoecus	Santschi	1926	21	Oxyepoecus bruchi	Oxyepoecus bruchi	^[232]
	Wilson	1985	1		†Oxyidris antillana
Oxyopomyrmex	André	1881	12	Oxyopomyrmex oculatus	Oxyopomyrmex oculatus	^[233]
	Wheeler	1915	1		†Parameranoplus primaevus
Paramycetophylax	Kusnezov	1956	1	Sericomyrmex bruchi	Paramycetophylax bruchi	^[234]
	Dlussky	1981	4		†Paraphaenogaster hooleyana
Paratopula	Wheeler	1919	11	Atopomyrmex ceylonicus	Paratopula macta	^[235]
Patagonomyrmex	Johnson & Moreau	2016	3	Pogonomyrmex angustus	Patagonomyrmex angustus	^[236]
Perissomyrmex	Smith	1947	6	Perissomyrmex snyderi	Perissomyrmex snyderi	^[237]
Peronomyrmex	Viehmeyer	1922	3	Peronomyrmex overbecki	Peronomyrmex greavesi	^[238]
Phalacromyrmex	Kempf	1960	1	Phalacromyrmex fugax	Phalacromyrmex fugax	^[239]
Pheidole	Westwood	1839	1007	Atta providens	Pheidole rhea
Pilotrochus	Brown	1978	1	Pilotrochus besmerus	Pilotrochus besmerus	^[240]
	Dlussky & Radchenko	2009	1			^[241]
Podomyrma	Smith	1859	52	Podomyrma femorata	Podomyrma minor	^[242]
Poecilomyrma	Mann	1921	2	Poecilomyrma senirewae	Poecilomyrma senirewae	^[243]
Pogonomyrmex	Mayr	1868	69	Formica badia	Camponotus badius	^[244]
Pristomyrmex	Mayr	1866	60	Pristomyrmex pungens	Pristomyrmex punctatus
Proatta	Forel	1912	1	Proatta butteli	Proatta butteli	^[245]
Procryptocerus	Emery	1887	45	Meranoplus striatus	Procryptocerus hylaeus	^[246]
Propodilobus	Branstetter	2009	1	Stenamma orientale	Propodilobus orientale	^[247]
Protalaridris	Brown	1980	1	Protalaridris armata	Protalaridris armata	^[248]
	Dlussky & Radchenko	2009	1		†Protomyrmica atavia
Pseudoatta	Gallardo	1916	1	Pseudoatta argentina	Pseudoatta argentina	^[249]
	Hong	2002	1
	Hong	2002	1
Recurvidris	Bolton	1992	11	None	Recurvidris recurvispinosa	^[250]
Rhopalomastix	Forel	1900	6	Rhopalomastix rothneyi	Rhopalomastix rothneyi	^[251]
Rhopalothrix	Mayr	1870	16	Rhopalothrix ciliata	Rhopalothrix ciliata	^[252]
Rogeria	Emery	1894	40	Rogeria curvipubens	Rogeria curvipubens	^[253]
Romblonella	Wheeler	1935	9	Romblonella grandinodis	Romblonella opaca
Rostromyrmex	Rosciszewski	1994	1	Rostromyrmex pasohensis	Rostromyrmex pasohensis	^[254]
Rotastruma	Bolton	1991	2	Rotastruma recava	Rotastruma recava	^[255]
Royidris	Bolton & Fisher	2014	15	Monomorium robertsoni	Royidris robertsoni
Secostruma	Bolton	1988	1	Secostruma lethifera	Secostruma lethifera	^[256]
Sericomyrmex	Mayr	1865	19	Sericomyrmex opacus	Sericomyrmex amabilis
	Hong	2002	2
Solenopsis	Westwood	1840	205	Solenopsis mandibularis	Solenopsis geminata
	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	2003	3		†Solenopsites rossi
	Hong	2002	1
Stegomyrmex	Emery	1912	5	Stegomyrmex connectens	Stegomyrmex vizottoi	^[257]
Stenamma	Westwood	1839	85	Stenamma westwoodii	Stenamma westwoodii
Stereomyrmex	Emery	1901	3	Stereomyrmex horni	Stereomyrmex horni	^[258]
	Mayr	1868	1		†Stigmomyrmex venustus
	Wheeler	1915	1		†Stiphromyrmex robustus
Strongylognathus	Mayr	1853	24	Eciton testaceum	Strongylognathus testaceus	^[259] ^[260]
Strumigenys	Smith	1860	842	Strumigenys mandibularis	Strumigenys abdera
Syllophopsis	Santschi	1915	20	Monomorium modestum	Syllophopsis modesta	^[261]
Talaridris	Weber	1941	1	Talaridris mandibularis	Talaridris mandibularis
Temnothorax	Mayr	1861	395	Myrmica recedens	Temnothorax unifasciatus	^[262]
Terataner	Emery	1912	12	Atopomyrmex foreli	Terataner foreli
Tetheamyrma	Bolton	1991	1	Tetheamyrma subspongia	Tetheamyrma subspongia
Tetramorium	Mayr	1855	569	Formica caespitum	Tetramorium caespitum
Trachymyrmex	Forel	1893	48	Atta septentrionalis	Trachymyrmex septentrionalis
Tranopelta	Mayr	1866	2	Tranopelta gilva	Tranopelta gilva
Trichomyrmex	Mayr	1865	18	Trichomyrmex rogeri	Trichomyrmex destructor
Tropidomyrmex	Silva, Feitosa, Brandão & Diniz	2009	1	Tropidomyrmex elianae	Tropidomyrmex elianae	^[263]
Tyrannomyrmex	Fernández	2003	3	Tyrannomyrmex rex	Tyrannomyrmex dux	^[264]
Veromessor	Forel	1917	9	Aphaenogaster andrei	Veromessor andrei	^[265]
Vitsika	Bolton & Fisher	2014	14	Vitsika crebra	Vitsika crebra
Vollenhovia	Mayr	1865	62	Vollenhovia punctatostriata	Vollenhovia emeryi
Vombisidris	Bolton	1991	17	Vombisidris philax	Vombisidris philax
Wasmannia	Forel	1893	11	Tetramorium auropunctatum	Wasmannia auropunctata	^[266]
	Hong	2002	1
Xenomyrmex	Forel	1885	4	Xenomyrmex stollii	Xenomyrmex stollii
	Bolton	2003	1

Paraponerinae

The subfamily Paraponerinae contains a single genus Paraponera. This genus has two species, one of which was found in Dominican amber from the Miocene.^[267] The extant species, Paraponera clavata, is found in Central America and South America, and the pain from its sting is said to be greater than any other insect sting on earth.^[268]

Ponerinae

The subfamily Ponerinae was established by Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau in 1835, which represents 47 extant genera and 12 fossil genera. The subfamily is among the most diverse in the family Formicidae, with more than 1,000 species described. They are mostly distributed in the tropics and subtropics.^[131]

Subfamily Ponerinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 – 59 genera, 1,287 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
	Dlussky et al.	2004	2	Afropone oculata
Anochetus	Mayr	1861	122	Anochetus ghilianii	Anochetus ghilianii
	Carpenter	1930	1		†Archiponera wheeleri
Asphinctopone	Santschi	1914	3	Asphinctopone silvestrii	Asphinctopone silvestrii
Austroponera	Schmidt & Shattuck	2014	3	Austroponera rufonigra	Austroponera rufonigra	^[270]
Belonopelta	Mayr	1870	2	Belonopelta attenuata	Belonopelta attenuata
Boloponera	Fisher	2006	1	Boloponera vicans	Boloponera vicans	^[271]
Bothroponera	Mayr	1862	37	Bothroponera pumicosa	Bothroponera pumicosa
Brachyponera	Emery	1900	19	Brachyponera croceicornis	Brachyponera croceicornis	^[272]
Buniapone	Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014	2014	1	Buniapone amblyops	Buniapone amblyops
Centromyrmex	Mayr	1866	15	Centromyrmex bohemanni	Centromyrmex bohemanni
	Dlussky & Wedmann	2012	2		†Cephalopone potens
Cryptopone	Emery	1893	24	Cryptopone testacea	Cryptopone testacea
	Dlussky & Wedmann	2012	4	†Cyrtopone microcephala	†Cyrtopone microcephala
Diacamma	Mayr	1862	24	Diacamma rugosum	Diacamma rugosum
Dinoponera	Roger	1861	8	Dinoponera gigantea	Dinoponera gigantea
Dolioponera	Brown	1974	1	Dolioponera fustigera	Dolioponera fustigera	^[273]
Ectomomyrmex	Mayr	1867	28	Ectomomyrmex javanus	Ectomomyrmex javanus	^[274]
Emeryopone	Forel	1912	5	Emeryopone buttelreepeni	Emeryopone buttelreepeni
	Hong	2002	1
	Hong	2002	1
Euponera	Forel	1891	27	Euponera sikorae	Euponera sikorae
Feroponera	Bolton & Fisher	2008	1	Feroponera ferox	Feroponera ferox
Fisheropone	Schmidt & Shattuck	2014	1	Fisheropone ambigua	Fisheropone ambigua
	Hong	2002	1
Hagensia	Forel	1901	2	Hagensia havilandi	Hagensia havilandi	^[275]
Harpegnathos	Jerdon	1851	7	Harpegnathos saltator	Harpegnathos saltator	^[276]
Hypoponera	Santschi	1938	154	Hypoponera abeillei	Hypoponera abeillei	^[277]
Iroponera	Schmidt & Shattuck	2014	1	Iroponera odax	Iroponera odax
Leptogenys	Roger	1861	308	Leptogenys falcigera	Leptogenys falcigera
Loboponera	Bolton & Brown	2002	9	Loboponera vigilans	Loboponera vigilans	^[278]
	Hong	2002	1
Mayaponera	Schmidt & Shattuck	2014	1	Mayaponera constricta	Mayaponera constricta
Megaponera	Mayr	1862	1	Megaponera analis	Megaponera analis
Mesoponera	Emery	1900	20	Mesoponera melanaria	Mesoponera melanaria	^[279]
	Dlussky & Wedmann	2012	1	†Messelepone leptogenoides	†Messelepone leptogenoides
Myopias	Roger	1861	40	Myopias amblyops	Myopias amblyops
Neoponera	Emery	1901	57	Neoponera villosa	Neoponera villosa	^[280]
Odontomachus	Latreille	1804	70	Odontomachus haematodus	Odontomachus haematodus
Odontoponera	Mayr	1862	2	Odontoponera denticulata	Odontoponera denticulata
Ophthalmopone	Forel	1890	5	Ophthalmopone berthoudi	Ophthalmopone berthoudi
Pachycondyla	Smith	1858	36	Pachycondyla crassinoda	Pachycondyla crassinoda
Paltothyreus	Mayr	1862	1	Paltothyreus tarsatus	Paltothyreus tarsatus
Parvaponera	Schmidt & Shattuck	2014	4	Parvaponera darwinii	Parvaponera darwinii
Phrynoponera	Wheeler	1920	5	Phrynoponera gabonensis	Phrynoponera gabonensis	^[281]
Platythyrea	Roger	1863	44	Platythyrea punctata	Platythyrea punctata
Plectroctena	Smith	1858	17	Plectroctena mandibularis	Plectroctena mandibularis
Ponera	Latreille	1804	62	Ponera coarctata	Ponera coarctata	^[282]
	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	2003	14		†Ponerites eocenicus	^[283]
Promyopias	Santschi	1914	1	Promyopias silvestrii	Promyopias silvestrii
	Dlussky	1988	7		†Protopone primigena
Psalidomyrmex	André	1890	6	Psalidomyrmex foveolatus	Psalidomyrmex foveolatus	^[284]
Pseudoneoponera	Donisthorpe	1943	18	Pseudoneoponera verecundae	Pseudoneoponera verecundae	^[285]
Pseudoponera	Emery	1900	6	Pseudoponera stigma	Pseudoponera stigma
Rasopone	Schmidt & Shattuck	2014	11	Rasopone ferruginea	Rasopone ferruginea
Simopelta	Mann	1922	22	Simopelta jeckylli	Simopelta jeckylli	^[286]
Streblognathus	Mayr	1862	2	Streblognathus aethiopicus	Streblognathus aethiopicus
	Dlussky & Perfilieva	2014	6		†Taphopone macroptera
Thaumatomyrmex	Mayr	1887	12	Thaumatomyrmex mutilatus	Thaumatomyrmex mutilatus

Proceratiinae

The subfamily Proceratiinae was established by Italian entomologist Carlo Emery in 1895, which represents three extant genera and one extinct genus. Found worldwide, these ants are mainly encountered in tropical and subtropical areas. Little is known about their biology.^{[131] [287]}

Subfamily Proceratiinae Emery, 1895 – four genera, 155 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
	Mayr	1868	4		†Bradoponera meieri	^[288]
Discothyrea	Roger	1863	37	Discothyrea testacea	Discothyrea testacea	^[289]
Probolomyrmex	Mayr	1901	26	Probolomyrmex filiformis	Probolomyrmex filiformis
Proceratium	Roger	1863	88	Proceratium silaceum	Proceratium silaceum

Pseudomyrmecinae

The subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae was established by M.R. Smith in 1952, which represents three genera of ants that are primarily arboreal nesting ants in the tropical and subtropical regions.^[290] They are found in Africa, Asia, Australia, North America and South America.^[291]

Subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae Smith, 1952 – three genera, 251 species
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
Myrcidris	Ward	1990	1	Myrcidris epicharis	Myrcidris epicharis
Pseudomyrmex	Lund	1831	147	Pseudomyrmex gracilis	Pseudomyrmex gracilis	^[292] ^[293]
Tetraponera	Smith	1852	103	Tetraponera nigra	Tetraponera nigra	^[294]

Sphecomyrminae

The subfamily Sphecomyrminae contains 9 fossil genera of stem ants. Most fossilized ants from Cretaceous amber were placed in this subfamily, however revisions in 2017 and 2020 removed several genera and added former members of the subfamily Armaniinae.^{[295] [127]}

Subfamily Sphecomyrminae Wilson & Brown, 1967
Genus name	Binomial authority	Classified	No. of species	Type species	Example image
	Dlussky	1983	4		N/A	^[296]
	Borysenko	2017	1		†Boltonimecia canadensis	^[297]
	Dlussky	1975	2		N/A
	Nel & Perrault	2004	13		†Gerontoformica cretacica	^[298]
	Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn	2004	2		†Orapia rayneri	^[299]
	Dlussky	1983	2		N/A
	Wilson & Brown	1967	2		†Sphecomyrma freyi	^[300]
	Barden & Grimaldi	2013	2		†Zigrasimecia tonsora

Incertae sedis

There are several ant genera where their taxonomic placement is uncertain (incertae sedis). These genera have not yet been assigned to any subfamily within Formicidae; 16 genera are currently listed as incertae sedis.

Incertae sedis genera
Genus name	Genus authority	Described	No. of species	Type species	Image
	Dlussky	1975	2		N/A	^[301]
	Dlussky	1987	4		†Baikuris mandibularis	^[302]
	Scudder	1877	1		N/A	^[303]
	Barden & Grimaldi	2016	1			^[304]
	Dlussky	1975	1		†Cretopone magna	^[305]
	Hong	2002	1		N/A
	Bolton	1994	1			^[306]
	Hong	2002	1		N/A
	Cockerell	1921	6		†Eoformica pinguis	^[307]
	Martins-Neto & Mendes	2002	1		N/A	^[308]
	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	2003	1		N/A
	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	2003	3		N/A
	Engel & Grimaldi	2005	1		†Myanmyrma gracilis
	Dlussky	1975	1		†Petropone petiolata
	Dlussky	1983	1		N/A

Formerly included in Formicidae

There are several genera which were formerly placed in Formicidae, but have subsequently been removed. These genera are now placed in other families, are considered incertae sedis within Hymenoptera taxonomy, or are considered invalid.

Excluded genera
Genus name	Genus authority	Described	No. of species	Type species	Current placement	Image
Condylodon	Lund	1831	1	Condylodon audouini	Unidentifiable, considered invalid by Bolton, 2020	N/A
	Dlussky	1975	2		Incertae sedis in Aculeata	N/A
Hypochira	Buckley	1866	1	Formica subspinosa	Unidentifiable, considered invalid by Bolton, 2020	N/A	^[309] ^[310]
	Dlussky	1999	1		Incertae sedis in Aculeata	N/A	^[311]

See also

• List of ant subfamilies

Notes and References

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