| Name | Century | Ethnicity | Known for |
|---|
| Bogar | 3rd century BCE | Indian | The Pharmacognosy is the best known of his treatises |
| Tirumular | 2nd century BCE | Indian | |
| 5th century BCE | Greek | first person who wrote a treatise on the pulse |
| Korakkar | 2nd century BCE | Indian | His works include Korakkar Malai Vagatam (Korakkar's Mountain Medicines) |
| Patanjali | 2nd century BCE | Indian | Founder of Yoga School |
| 13th century BCE | Egyptian | chief physician of the early 19th Dynasty |
| 4th century BCE | Greek | |
| 1st century BCE | Greek | author of a work titled On the Soul |
| Kashyapa | 8th century BCE | Indian | wrote Kashyap Samhita |
| 3rd century BCE | Greek | On Internal Diseases |
| 1st century BCE | Greek Cypriot | most important work is On Joints |
| Agnivesha | 8th century BCE | Indian | |
| Bharadwaja | 12th century BCE | Indian | He stated that embryo is caused from union of man's sperm and menstrual blood of woman |
| Atreya | 6th century BCE | Indian | Instructor of the compiler of the Bhela Samhita |
| 4th century BCE | Greek | |
| 2nd–1st century BCE | Greek | built a new theory of disease |
| 4th century BCE | Chinese | earliest known Chinese physician |
| 3rd century BCE | Greek | |
| 2nd century BCE | Roman | |
| 6th–2nd century BCE | Indian | one of the principal contributors to Ayurveda |
| 5th century BCE | Greek | |
| 2nd century BCE | Greek | studied sexual organs |
| 4th century BCE | Greek | pupil of Hippocrates |
| 4th century BCE | Greek | Dogmatic school of medicine |
| 4th century BCE | Greek | practical medicine, especially diet and nutrition |
| 3rd century BCE | Greek | founded a school of anatomy in Alexandria |
| 2nd century BCE | Greek | |
| 3rd century BCE | Greek | deemed to be the first anatomist |
| 1st century BCE | Greek | head of a medical school established at Smyrna |
| 5th century BCE | Greek | "Father of Medicine", wrote the Hippocratic Corpus |
| 22nd century BCE | Egyptian | senior physician of the great house |
| 5th century BCE | Indian | personal physician of King Bimbisara and Gautama Buddha |
| 8th century BCE | Indian | listed diseases along with their causes, symptoms, and complications |
| 1st century BCE | Greek/Roman | surgeon |
| 4th century BCE | Greek | classification of diseases |
| 1st century BCE | Roman | pharmacology |
| 16th century BCE | Egyptian | Chief Physician to Akhenaten |
| 25th century BCE | Egyptian | one of the earliest known female physicians |
| 8th century BCE | Indian | pupil of Atreya and composed samhita |
| Jatukarna | 8th century BCE | Indian | pupil of Atreya and composed "Jatukarna Samhita" |
| 3rd century BCE | Greek | reputed founder of the Empiric school |
| 4th century BCE | Greek | physician and writer of medicine |
| 3rd century BCE | Greco-Egyptian | wrote several volumes on surgery |
| 4th–3rd century BCE | Greek | wrote a work on anatomy |
| 2nd–1st century BCE | Greek | polymath |
| 4th century BCE | Greek | theory of circulation |
| 23rd century BCE | Egyptian | Chief Physician during the Sixth dynasty |
| 13th century BCE | Kassite | |
| 3rd century BCE | Greek | member of the Empiric school of medicine |
| 25th century BCE | Egyptian | Chief Physician during the Fifth dynasty |
| 7th century BCE | Indian | author of the treatise The Compendium of Suśruta |
| 1st century BCE | Greek | founder of the Methodic school of medicine |
| 4th–3rd century BCE | Greek | | |
| Name | Century | Ethnicity | Known for |
|---|
| 2nd century CE | Greek | invented antidote against serpent bites |
| Fabiola | 4th century CE | Roman | First hospital in Latin Christendom was founded by Fabiola at Rome. |
| Ephrem the Syrian | 4th century CE | Roman | Opened a hospital at Edessa[1] They spread out and specialized nosocomia for the sick, brephotrophia for foundlings, orphanotrophia for orphans, ptochia for the poor, xenodochia for poor or infirm pilgrims, and gerontochia for the old |
| Basil of Caesarea | 4th century CE | Roman | Founded at Caesarea in Cappadocia an institution (hospital) called Basilias, with several buildings for patients, nurses, physicians, workshops, and schools. |
| 4th century CE | Roman | female physician. Wrote books on gynecology and obstetrics. |
| 2nd century CE | Greek | pharmaceutist |
| 1st century CE | Greek | founder of the Eclectic school of medicine |
| 1st century CE | Roman | wealthy physician, with annual income of 250,000 sesterces |
| 1st century CE | Greek | surgeon |
| 1st century CE | Greek | |
| 1st century CE | Greek | author of the physiological work On Medicine |
| 2nd century CE | Greek | gave an account of the morbid symptoms that precede death |
| 2nd century CE | Greek | "the sole cause of diseases in man was the too great variety of his food" |
| 1st century CE | Roman | herbal remedies |
| 2nd century CE | Greek | surgeon, treatment of aneurysms became standard until the 19th century |
| 2nd century CE | Greek | |
| 1st century CE | Greek | |
| 2nd century CE | Greek | |
| 3rd century CE | Greek | |
| 1st century CE | Greek | |
| 1st century CE | Greek | |
| 1st century CE | Greek | |
| 1st century CE | Greek | |
| Dridhabala | 2nd century CE | India | edited the Charaka Samhita |
| 1st–2nd century CE | Greek | very high reputation for his professional skill |
| 1st century CE | Greek | surgeon |
| 1st century CE | Greek | general treatise on diseases |
| 1st–2nd century CE | Greek | skill and knowledge of pharmacy |
| 4th century CE | Greek | Female gynecologist |
| 1st century CE | Greek | founder of the Pneumatic school of medicine |
| 3rd century CE | Roman African | medical writer |
| 1st century CE | Roman | De Medicina |
| 1st–2nd century CE | Greek | Physician active in Rome |
| 3rd century CE | Arab | persecuted by Diocletian |
| 1st–2nd century CE | Greek | Physician active in Rome |
| 1st–2nd century CE | Greek | Chief physician of emperor Trajan |
| 1st century CE | Greek | wrote pharmaceutical works in Greek iambic verse |
| 1st century CE | Greek | author of the Ophthalmicus, the most influential work of ophthalmology in antiquity |
| 3rd century CE | Greek | arrested by Diocletian |
| 1st century CE | Greek | De Materia Medica |
| 3rd century CE | Chinese | |
| 1st century CE | Greek | Collection of Hippocratic Words |
| 1st–2nd century CE | Greek | two persons, the first the poisoner of Drusus Julius Caesar, the second an acquaintance of Galen |
| 4th century CE | Roman | nurse |
| 1st century CE | Greek | personal physician of emperor Claudius |
| 2nd–3rd century CE | Greek | developer of anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and neurology |
| 4th century CE | Chinese | originator of First Aid in TCM |
| 1st century CE | Greek | wrote on medical technique |
| 1st–2nd century CE | Greek | Two doctors, the first a Pneumaticist, the second an Empiricist |
| 2nd century CE | Chinese | abilities in acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine and medical Daoyin exercises |
| 3rd century CE | Chinese | compiled the Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion |
| 3rd century CE | Chinese | physician who started a failed rebellion |
| 2nd–3rd century CE | Greek | surgical writer, provided the first detailed description of a mastectomy |
| 4th century CE | Greek | female gynecologist |
| 2nd century CE | Greek | wrote a long medical poem |
| 3rd century CE | Roman | writer on horticulture, botany and medicine |
| 2nd century CE | Greek | Methodic school of medicine |
| 2nd century CE | Greek | Empiricist |
| 4th century CE | Greek | female gynecologist, author of On the Diseases and Cures of Women. |
| 4th century CE | Greek | medical writer and person physician of Julian the Apostate |
| Paccius Antiochus | 1st century CE | Roman | wealthy commercial physician |
| 3rd century CE | Greek | medical writers |
| 1st century CE | Greek | author of De Medicina |
| 3rd century CE | Greek | |
| 2nd century CE | Greek | author of Medicinalium Formularum Collectio |
| 1st–2nd century CE | Greek | wrote treatises on dietetics, pathology, anatomy, and patient care |
| 3rd century CE | Roman | author of a didactic medical poem Liber Medicinalis |
| 1st century CE | Roman | court physician to the Roman emperor Claudius |
| 1st century CE | Roman | author of the pharmacologist work On material |
| 2nd century CE | Roman | |
| 4th century CE | Roman | author of Libri medicinae Sexti Placiti Papyriensis ex animalibus pecoribus et bestiis vel avibus Concordantiae |
| 2nd century CE | Greek | author of treatise on gynecology and On Acute and Chronic Diseases |
| 4th century CE | Roman | author of Medical Matters in Four Books |
| Vagbhata | 4th century CE | Indian | He is considered to be "The Trinity" of Ayurvedic knowledge |
| 1st century CE | Roman | Methodic school of medicine, court physician of Emperor Nero |
| 1st century CE | Greek | pharmaceutical writer, including On Useful Things from Living Beings |
| 2nd-3rd century CE | Chinese | made great contributions to the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine |
| 1st century CE | Greek | antidote inventor | |
